English Matters, 2 2021

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THIS AND THAT

8
IN
4 This & That

SOUND & SPEECH
6 Phonemic Symbols: /θ/
PEOPLE AND LIFESTYLE
8 H
ygge Danish Recipe for RBEITSBLATT
Happiness
CULTURE
12 PETA Today
15 America the Peculiar
CONVERSATION MATTERS
17 Good Vibes & Celebrations
CONTROVERSIAL DEBATE TOPICS
21 Animal Testing
TIPS
Denmark 24 How to Be Assertive
PEOPLE AND
consistently LANGUAGE
ranks among
27 Personality Idioms
LIFESTYLE
the top three
happiest TRAVEL
countries in the 29 Digging San Diego
world. How is LEISURE
this possible? 33 Rack Your Brain
Let’s read about
hygge and
discover the
Danish recipe
for happiness.
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COVI-D-ICTIONARY
asymptomatic – showing no symptoms infectious – an infectious disease can be contagious kənˈteɪdʒəs |ansteckend
of a disease (about a person) transmitted from a sick person to others to spread |sich ausbreiten
This and That
advice |Rat
contagious – a contagious disease can lockdown – an emergency measure safety measures |Sicherheitsmaßnahmen
spread easily from one person to another in which people are isolated from one
(e.g. by touching infected clothes/sur- another and are expected not to leave elbow |Ellbogen
faces) a given area or building greeting |Begrüßung
to cover sth |etw. bedecken
covidiot – a person who ignores advice outbreak – the sudden beginning of a dis- to flatten sth |etw. abflachen
about health and safety measures ease in a given area curve kɜːv / kɜːrv |Kurve
to hoard sth |etw. anhäufen, hamstern,
drive through testing – testing done to pandemic – the spread of a disease in
sammeln
a person sitting in the car many countries around the world
stuff |Zeug
elbow bump – touching elbow to elbow (the) rona – a slang term used for coro- herd immunity |Herdenimmunität
as a form of greeting navirus to occur |auftreten, entstehen
immune to sth |immun gegen etw.
face mask – a mask worn to cover the sanitiser – a substance used in order to vaccinated against sth |geimpft gegen etw.
nose and mouth of a person reduce/eliminate the number of bacteria/ infectious ɪnˈfekʃəs |ansteckend
viruses on a given surface
measure |Maßnahme
face shield – a mask made of transpar-
ent plastic shelter in place – instruction given to given |bestimmt
people to stay indoors until there is no in order to |um ... zu
to flatten the curve – to slow down the danger to stay indoors |drinnen bleiben
speed of spreading the disease during quarantine ˈkwɒrəntiːn / ˈkwɔːrəntiːn |
a pandemic quarantine – keeping people who might Quarantäne
be ill isolated from others in order to stop
the spread of a disease ill |krank
hamsterkauf – (German) buying and
hoarding a lot of stuff equipment |Gerät, Ausstattung
social/physical distancing – the distance supplying sth to sb |jdm. etw. liefernd
herd immunity – occurs when a lot kept between people, e.g. in the street, oxygen |Sauerstoff
of people become immune to a disease in a shop severe |akut, ernst
because they have already had it and lung |Lunge
became immune, or they have been vac- ventilator – a piece of equipment sup-
to infect sb |jdn. anstecken
cinated against it. The rest of the society plying oxygen to people with severe lung
is then less at risk of catching the disease. problems
immunity system – the body’s protection zoonotic – a disease that first spread
against diseases among animals and then started to infect
people and spread among them
4
ENGLISH MATTERS 2|2021
CAPS & HATS MICHAEL

MCINTYRE
This and That

Michael McIntyre is an English comedian born in the 70s.
baseball cap
In 2012, thanks to the popularity of his shows, he was the
hood best-paid stand-up comedian all over the world. Apart from
performing on stage, McIntyre has worked as a TV presenter
and a judge in Britain’s Got Talent. His show called Michael
McIntyre’s Big Show, which won a prestigious BAFTA award,
beanie ˈbiːni – has been broadcast on BBC One since 2016.
Mütze, beret
Käppchen, “I love doing bed time stories, but it must be tough for the
Beanie royals. ‘And then the prince and the princess banqueted with
all the kings of all the kingdoms, and they kissed on the lawn
of the magnificent palace… the end. Anyway, enough about
bowler my day, what book are we going to read?’”
earmuffs
“My son’s got two words: car and map, that’s all he can say.
‘Car, car, map, car!’ I’m fairly worried he’s trying to escape.
So if the next word is passport, we’re in serious trouble.”
balaclava
flat cap
‘’Posh hotels have a turn-down service. I had never heard
of this and there was a knock at the door and a woman said,
‘I’ve come to turn down your bed.’ To which I said, ‘Well many
top hat women have in the past. Why should you be any different?’”
bucket hat
apart from sth |außer/ the royals |die königliche
abgesehen von etw. Familie
judge |Juror, Richter to escape |fliehen
prestigious preˈstɪdʒəs / posh |nobel, schick
straw hat
fedora preˈstiːdʒəs |angesehen, turn-down service |Service
renommiert des Bettaufschlagens
broadcast |ausgestrahlt to turn down |umschlagen,
tough |hart, schwierig aufschlagen
crash helmet
headband
trapper
deerstalker
cloche
sun visor
mortarboard cap
bobble cap
fascinator
5
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Theft /θɛft/ is where the money’s at. Here,
underneath /ʌndəˈniːθ/ the bed… Three /θriː/
thousand /ˈθaʊzənd/ pounds, at least!
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Look, there! It’s the authorities /ɔːˈθɒrɪtiz/! They’re here

Language
for us, we gotta get out through /θruː/ the back door!
authorities | Behörden
to thank /θæŋk/
danken I don’t think /θɪŋk/
we’ll ever make it
thaw /θɔː/ back home. It’s been
Schmelze, Tauwetter a month /mʌnθ/,
admit you’ve got no
idea where you’re
thousand /ˈθaʊzənd/ leading us.
tausend
to admit | zugeben
smith /smɪθ/
Schmied
theme /θiːm/
Thema, Motiv
enthusiasm /ɪnˈθjuːzɪæzm/
Begeisterung
catholic /ˈkæθəlɪk/
katholisch
6
by forcing air out of two artic- to master sth |etw.
/θ/
ulators (i.e. tongue and teeth) beherrschen, meistern Sound & Speech
placed close together. must |Muss
The main difference neat |ordentlich, elegant
between the /θ/ and /f/ con- to equal sth |etw. gleich sein
sonants is the tongue position. phoneme ˈfəʊniːm |Phonem
In order to make the correct mixed up with sth |mit etw. Consonant
/θ/ sound, you have to stick verwechselt
your tongue forward. Make it understandable ˌʌndəˈstændəbl clusters
touch your upper teeth a little /ˌʌndərˈstændəbl |verständlich containing the /θ/
Mastering the /θ/ sound bit. Now just blow some air similarity |Ähnlichkeit
is an absolute must for those out of the gap you’ve just cre- voiceless |stimmlos When the /θ/ sound appears
who want to speak English ated between your tongue and vocal cords ˈvəʊkl kɔːdz / ˈvəʊkl right next to another consonant,
with a neat, natural accent. teeth. Sounds like a hiss, or kɔːrdz |Stimmbänder they form a consonant cluster.
Stop fenking people and start air escaping from a balloon? fricative |Reibelaut Clusters with the /θ/ consonant
thanking them. Remember You got it. This may seem tongue tʌŋ |Zunge often appear at the end of ordinal
that three hundred doesn’t a bit weird at first, especially consonant |Konsonant numbers. Take a look at the fol-
equal a free hundred. There’s in sentences, but with a little in order to |um ... zu lowing words: fifth /fɪfθ/, sixth
a significant difference! practice you’ll nail your /θ/s to stick sth forward |etw. nach /sɪksθ/, eighth /eɪtθ/, eleventh
The /θ/ phoneme is often in no time. vorne strecken /ɪˈlɛvnθ/, hundredth /ˈhʌndr-
mixed up with the /f/ sound The /θ/ sound is normally gap |Lücke ədθ/. These clusters can be
by non-native speakers. It’s spelled with the letters th. It hiss |Zischen pretty difficult to pronounce,
understandable, as there are can appear in any part of the to seem |scheinen so it’s definitely worth spend-
some similarities between the word – the beginning (thank weird wɪəd / wɪrd |sonderbar, ing some time mastering their
two. Both of them are voice- /θæŋk/, thaw /θɔː/, the middle seltsam pronunciation.
less, which means you don’t (pathetic /pəˈθɛtɪk/, nothing at first |anfangs
need your vocal cords to make /ˈnʌθɪŋ/), or the end (south to nail sth |etw. schaffen, cluster | Cluster, Ansammlung
them. They are also fricatives /saʊθ/, mouth /maʊθ/). hinbekommen containing sth | etw. enthaltend
– meaning they are produced to appear |auftauchen, ordinal number | Ordinalzahl,
erscheinen Ordnungszahl
thaw |Schmelze, Tauwetter definitely | definitiv, eindeutig
worth | wert
South /saʊθ/, north /nɔːθ /… It’s all the

same. Eventually we’ll get there.
Every path /pɑːθ/ leads to Rome!
eventually | letztlich, letzten Endes, schließlich
every path leads to Rome | alle Wege führen nach Rom
7
People and Lifestyle
Hygge
Danish Recipe
for Happiness
Despite 17 hours of darkness per day during
winter, Denmark consistently ranks among the
top three happiest countries in the world. How
is this possible? Let’s read about hygge and
discover the Danish recipe for happiness.
recipe ˈresəpi |Rezept

despite sth |trotz etw.
darkness |Dunkelheit
per day |pro Tag
consistently |beständig, regelmäßig
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8

The whole concept of hygge is
about appreciating the simple
pleasures in life, and can be
achieved on a shoestring budget.
9
N
owadays, we work Danish Secrets To Happy
excessively, and it Living, the CEO of the

is almost a com- Happiness Research Institute
petition to see in Copenhagen, claims that
who can be the busiest. People hygge has been called every-
are becoming corporate war- thing from the art of creating
riors, concentrated on their intimacy to the coziness of the
professional careers and on soul. According to the author,
making a fortune, and so they some of the key ingredients are
simply forget what makes togetherness, relaxation, indul-
them happy. Fortunately, gence, presence and comfort.
there are still some countries
where the pace of life is slower
and the levels of happiness How to Become
among their citizens are a Hyggespreder
really high. Let’s find out
how to enjoy life to the For those who are looking
full and feel joy every to introduce more hygge into
day. their lives, the best place to start
is the home. We need to stop
for a while and enjoy the lit-
What is tle things. The whole concept
Hygge?
1 nowadays |heutzutage
The Danish excessively |übermäßig,

concept of hyg übertrieben
ge has gained competition |Wettkampf,
steam because Konkurrenz
it offers a road warrior |Krieger
to happiness. fortunately |glücklicherweise
Although this to find out sth |etw.
word itself is herausfinden
difficult to trans- to gain steam |an Fahrt
late, it loosely gewinnen
means comfort, loosely |frei, grob
warmth and togeth- warmth wɔːmθ / wɔːrmθ |
erness, which can Wärme
be achieved by tak- togetherness |Zusammensein
ing time away from the achieved |erreicht
daily rush and enjoying daily rush |tägliche Eile
the good things in life, like to include sth |etw.
spending time with fam- einschließen
ily and friends. Some other board game |Brettspiel
examples of hygge include: beverage |Getränk
playing board games, drink- by candlelight |bei Kerzenlicht
ing hot beverages by candle- unreliable ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl |unsicher
light while reading a book, or ray of light |Lichtstrahl
walking in the park. During to throw sth |etw. schmeißen/
Denmark’s short, and often organisieren
unreliable summers, Danes 2 CEO = Chief Executive Officer |
learned how to enjoy every ray Firmenchef, Geschäftsführer
of light. They go to their sum- Copenhagen ˌkəʊpənˈheɪɡən |
mer houses, grow their own Kopenhagen
vegetables, throw big lunches to claim |behaupten
and simply enjoy every coziness |Gemütlichkeit
happy moment of their lives. according to sb |laut jdm.
Meik Wiking, the author of indulgence ɪnˈdʌldʒəns |
The Little Book of Hygge: Genuss
1 2
10

of hygge is about appreciating salads with red onion, olives indoor |Innen-, im Haus strawberry ˈstrɔːbəri |Erdbeere
the simple pleasures in life, and and tomatoes are packed up slouchy ˈslaʊtʃi |latschig, schlampig fruit crumble |
can be achieved on a shoestring for picnics, which are also very must |Muss Obststreuselkuchen
budget. We should practise popular among hygge aficiona- community |Gemeinschaft to focus on sth |sich auf etw.
hygge every day, and then our dos. Moreover, Danes often go meal |Mahl, Essen konzentrieren
level of happiness should be to pick blackberries or straw- unforgiving |gnadenlos vital |wichtig, unerlässlich
higher. If you have some free berries, so they can make their fully |völlig, voll to work your fingers to the bone
time, don’t think about your own fruit crumbles or jam. to embrace sth |etw. begrüßen, |sich die Finger abarbeiten/
duties for tomorrow, or any- annehmen wund arbeiten
thing else, but instead just snug- season |Jahreszeit to derive contentment from sth
gle up in a warm blanket, read Hygge Ending abundant əˈbʌndənt |reichlich, |sich an etw. erfreuen
a book, and sip tea. Have you ausgiebig pursuit pəˈsjuːt / pərˈsuːt |
got a cat? Great! Stroking your Hygge has this focus on chickpea |Kichererbse Streben
pet is hygge, too. Change com- being present, connected, feeling 4 onion ˈʌnjən |Zwiebel sumptuous |üppig, luxuriös
puter games for board games, warm, understood and secure. aficionado |Liebhaber, Genießer candlelit bath |Bad bei
and, of course, try to limit your Those ingredients are also vital to pick sth |etw. pflücken Kerzenschein
social media usage. Another to our mental health, and that’s blackberry |Brombeere chat |Unterhaltung, Plausch
advice: swap harsh, bright why it’s becoming so popular.
overhead lights for softer can- So, maybe next time, instead
dlelight. Most Danes associate of being at sixes and sevens Interview
hygge with flickering candles, and working your fingers to the We asked our Danish friend Majken to give her definition
which creates a special ambi- bone, just sit down and derive of hygge. This is what she answered:
ence in their homes. contentment from the small To me, hygge is spending a good and easygoing time in
things. The pursuit of everyday the company of good friends. For example, taking a walk
happiness does not always mean in a park discussing life, hanging out at a café or bar or at
Any Special a sumptuous villa by the sea, or home. We don’t need to do something special, just enjoy
Outfits? the most powerful hyper car in each other’s company. It’s a relationship based on trust and
the world, but just taking a can- mutual recognition.
Oversize is always in. dlelit bath, or enjoying a sofa- I wouldn’t say that any special dishes represent hygge.
Concepts at the core of hygge side chat with a loved one with The criteria is that you enjoy the food with others – like
fashion, include sumptuously a glass of red wine in hand.  having brunch with friends or enjoying Christmas dinner
soft mohair scarves, woollen with family. You can also relax with a snack on your own,
or cashmere socks, plenty of 3 to appreciate sth |etw. but it is more connected with the feeling of enjoyment and
black, and minimalistic jewel- schätzen relaxation. Like having a good time and sharing a mutual
lery. Remember that the more on a shoestring budget |mit recognition with the ones you’re with.
layers, the better! If you want nur ein paar Groschen, mit Then you could also break it down to different lifestyles,
to be an indoor hygge practi- kleinem Budget values and norms. I personally don’t like
tioner, a pair of hyggebusker instead |stattdessen to sit for hours and eat the Christmas
(a pair of pants one would to snuggle up in sth |sich in dishes – it’s too boring. But the others
never wear in public) and etw. einkuscheln think it’s the essence of hygge. Eating
a slouchy sweater is a must. to sip sth |etw. schlürfen, hot soup after a walk in the mountains
süffeln is personally more hygge to me.
to stroke sb/sth |jdn./etw.
Food? Lykke streicheln easygoing |unbekümmert
or Hygge? advice |Rat to hang out |abhängen, herumhängen
to swap sth |etw. austauschen to enjoy each other’s company
At the core of these notions harsh |brutal, hart |die gegenseitige Gesellschaft
of warmth, compassion, com- overhead |Decken- genießen
munity and comfort is the to associate sth with sth |etw. trust |Vertrauen
importance Danish culture mit etw. assoziieren mutual recognition
gives not only to its food, flickering |flackernd |gegenseitige Anerkennung
but the rituals with which ambience ˈæmbiəns |Ambiente dish |Gericht, Speise
meals are prepared and con- outfit |Kleidung, Klamotten brunch |Brunch
sumed. Because the winter is at the core of sth |im Kern von etw. snack |Snack, Imbiss
so unforgiving, Danes fully sumptuously ˈsʌmptʃuəsli | to break it down to sth
embrace the summer offerings. verschwenderisch, üppig |etw. auf etw.
Although the season is short, its jewellery |Schmuck herunterbrechen
produce is abundant. Chickpea layer |Schicht, Lage
3 4
11
PETA Today
Culture
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First, to find out what PETA is, it’s necessary to decode the acronym.
It stands for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, and is
an American animal rights organisation based in Norfolk, Virginia.
No doubt a lot of people have heard about this non-profit corporation,
especially when the Polish model, Joanna Krupa, took part in one of
its campaigns against the fur industry. The slogan ‘I’d rather go naked
than wear fur’ and Joanna’s naked body in the photo hit the headlines
in 2007.
to find out |heraufinden to take part in sth |bei etw. mitmachen naked |nackt
to stand for sth |für etw. stehen fur fɜː(r) |Fell to hit the headlines |Schlagzeilen
no doubt nəʊ daʊt |zweifellos industry |Industrie machen
12
L
et’s unravel the subject of PETA

and read up on the basic infor-
mation, their beginnings, some
of the most shocking campaigns
and other controversies.
Basics
PETA prides themselves on having
over 6 million supporters. The main
Culture
slogan is: ‘Animals are not ours to
experiment on, eat, wear, use for enter-
tainment, or abuse in any other way’.
This means that PETA fights against
different issues such as factory farming,
fur farming, animal testing or the use of
animals in entertainment, for example
PETA, in its campaigns, devotes a lot of time to dairy produce and how cows are maltreated
circuses. It also promotes veganism in factory farming so that people all over the world can drink milk and eat dairy.
and deals with the problem of keeping
backyard dogs on chains. It openly amongst the population. It also helped images is of a man being breastfed by
opposes speciesism. Interestingly, PETA to be established as an internation- a cow. The caption says: ‘Looks weird,
Ingrid Newkirk, a British animal rights ally known animal-rights organisation. right? It’s what you’re doing if you drink
activist, is both the founder and presi- cow’s milk. Raise your hand if you know
dent of PETA until now. that humans shouldn’t be drinking cow’s
Three Shocking breast milk. It was made for their babies,
Campaigns – not you!’.
How it All Started Another controversial step was to pub-
lish a short video which was clearly meant
Newkirk moved to Florida with her Cow’s Milk not for Humans to play with people’s emotions. At first the
parents when she was a teenager, leav- film shows a few women expressing their
ing the UK behind. After some years, in PETA, in its campaigns, devotes a lot of feelings after being raped. What follows
1980, when she was working as a volun- time to dairy produce and how cows are is the comparison of cow insemination
teer in an animal shelter in Washington, maltreated in factory farming so that peo- to rape. The statement says: ‘No mother
she met Alex Pacheco, who familiarised ple all over the world can drink milk and should have to go through this’. While
her more thoroughly with the concept of eat dairy. One of the most controversial the intention was clearly pure, the way
animal rights. At first, PETA was a small
organisation more dedicated to educat- 1 to unravel sth |etw. enträtseln, at first |zu Beginn
ing the public than to actively advocat- aufdröseln to advocate for sth |sich für
ing for animal welfare. However, a great to pride oneself on sth |sich mit etw. etw. einsetzen
change occurred when the case of the brüsten animal welfare |Tierschutz, Tierwohl
Silver Spring monkeys was revealed to supporter |Unterstützer to occur tu əˈkɜː(r) |auftreten, stattfinden
the public eye. entertainment |Unterhaltung revealed |aufgedeckt
Pacecho, in mid-1981, started vol- abuse |Missbrauch knowledge ˈnɒlɪdʒ / ˈnɑːlɪdʒ |Wissen
unteering at the Institute of Behavioral factory farming |Massentierhaltung carried out |ausgeführt
Research in Silver Spring, Maryland, to to deal with sth |sich mit testimony |Aussage
get firsthand knowledge on the experi- etw. beschäftigen it turned out |es zeigte sich
ments that were being carried out there backyard |Hof, Hinterhof to lack sth |etw. nicht haben
on monkeys. He took photos by night and chain |Kette veterinary care |tierärztliche Betreuung
talked to people working there to get their speciesism |Speziesismus to trigger sth |etw. auslösen
testimony to be used later while publicis- founder |Gründer awareness |Bewusstsein
ing the case. It turned out that monkeys to move to X |nach X umziehen/ 2 dairy ˈdeəri / ˈderi |Milch-
had been treated cruelly and lacked basic umsiedeln 3 breastfed |gestillt
veterinary care. volunteer |Freiwilliger weird wɪəd / wɪrd |seltsam, eigenartig
The photos were published by animal shelter |Tierheim to raise sth |etw. heben
Washington Post, and it was the first to familiarise sb with sth |jdn. mit etw. raped |vergewaltigt
animal-rights case to trigger a lot of vertraut machen comparison |Vergleich
controversy, as well as more awareness thoroughly ˈθʌrəli / ˈθɜːrəli |gründlich, völlig insemination |Befruchtung, Besamung
1 2 3
13
to get the message across was, to put is now unstoppable in bed. The mention of budget, which currently accounts for
it mildly, appalling. PETA, however, is him being like a tantric porn star suggests around 50 million dollars. How much
well-known for sharing distressing con- that veganism turns men into a strong, is actually spent on helping animals and
tent to reach as wide a public as possible. wild force in bed that puts women at how much goes to advertisements and
They claim cows suffer from being arti- risk of being abused. ‘For Jessica it’s too to the celebrities that, for example, took
ficially inseminated all their lives, until late’ – we hear in the video. The last state- part in the already mentioned campaign
their organisms are exhausted, and there- ment of this short 30-second film encour- ‘I’d rather go naked than wear fur’? Their
fore, useless for milk production. That’s ages viewers to learn to go vegan safely. money management is probably open to
when they are sent to the slaughterhouse. Honestly speaking, it’s not of utmost individual interpretation.
importance whether the message is that
you become full of vigour and energy
Culture
Chickens as Holocaust Victims when you give up on meat, or that it’s Last, but not Least
crucial to know how to follow a vegan
Another shocking comparison was drawn diet without any deficiencies. What truly One question that may be asked at
between chickens and Holocaust vic- draws our attention is the use of the image the end of this article is whether all the
tims. The photo presented people in the of an abused woman, which certainly for means to improving animal welfare are
concentration camp on the left side and many females triggers psychological pain effective. Do animal activists sometimes
chickens in cages on the right side. The and discomfort. do more harm than good? Does PETA help
caption reads: ‘To animals, all people animals? The answers to this question will
are Nazis’. As already mentioned, PETA be sure to sharply divide respondents. 
fights against speciesism, which is the Controversies
idea that humans are a higher species in
hierarchy than animals. PETA opponents, Apart from campaigns which are Do you know that…?
in return, accuse the organisation of the thought to be too extreme and offensive, It is estimated that the approximate
dehumanisation of humans. Whatever even by some animal lovers, PETA is also number of vegans (people who don’t
a person believes, everyone will in all known for other controversies. eat any animal products) is less than
likelihood agree that the Holocaust is One of them is euthanasia. As we can 1% of the world population: around
a matter of great delicacy and should be read on the PETA website, they resort to 78 million. However, more and more
approached with respect and considera- this when an animal cannot be helped in people are making the decision to
tion not to hurt anyone’s feelings. any other way, but sceptics claim that the go on a vegan diet. For example,
organisation simply kills animals: around the number of vegans in the UK has
85% of those that are rescued (usually cats quadrupled over the last five years,
Boyfriend Went Vegan and dogs) are put to death for no obvious and vegan equivalents of meat are
reason. Some data is even harsher and definitely on the increase.
The video on veganism, with its message, demonstrates that less than 1% of the
is somehow confusing and disturbing. rescued animals are adopted. In fact, no approximate | ungefähr
A woman is walking back home with dif- one will ever know the whole truth. to quadruple tə ˈkwɒdrʊpl | (sich)
ficulty, carrying a bag of vegetables. She Also, it might be put into consideration vervierfachen
reveals her boyfriend has gone vegan and how wisely PETA manages its annual to be on the increase | auf dem
Vormarsch sein
4 to get sth across |etw. verständlich machen without sth |ohne etw. definitely | definitiv
to put it mildly |milde gesagt to draw one’s attention to sth |jds.
appalling |entsetzlich, beängstigend Aufmerksamkeit auf etw. lenken
distressing |erschütternd female |Frau
content |Inhalt apart from sth |außer/abgesehen von etw.
artificially |künstlich offensive |beleidigend, offensiv
inseminated |befruchtet, besamt to resort to sth |auf etw. zurückgreifen
exhausted ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd |erschöpft, verbraucht to be put to death |eingeschläfert werden
slaughterhouse |Schlachthof data |Daten
to accuse sb of sth |jdm. etw. vorwerfen harsh |hart, brutal
in all likelihood |höchstwahrscheinlich to put sth into consideration |etw. in
approached |angenähert, angesprochen Betracht ziehen
to go vegan |vegan werden annual |jährlich
5 unstoppable |unaufhaltsam 6 currently |gegenwärtig
to encourage sb to do sth |jdn., ermutigen, last but not least |zu guter Letzt
etw. zu tun mean |Mittel
utmost |äußerste, höchste to improve sth |etw. verbessern
to give up on sth |auf etw. verzichten to divide sb |jdn. teilen
4 5 6
14
America
the
Culture
Peculiar
Think you know
US culture like
the back of your hand?
We beg to differ.
Prepare to
do a double take
as English Matters
presents some of
America’s most
perplexing
peculiarities.
peculiar pɪˈkjuːliə(r) |seltsam, merkwürdig

we beg to differ |wir sind anderer Ansicht
to do a double take |zweimal hingucken
perplexing |verblüffend
peculiarity |Besonderheit, Eigenart
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15
I
f you assume that your everyday shopping in the United States and needed majority works well over 40 hours per
habits are similar to those of most to measure something have probably had week, and American workers spend more
Americans, you’ve got another thing an unfortunate run-in with America’s time at work than other nationalities.
coming. US culture has a number imperial system of measurement. Looking In addition, Americans take the fewest
of oddities that foreigners often find baf- for kilometers, grams, or Celsius? Good number of vacation days. Legally speak-
fling. luck! While most of the world has stuck ing, there are no guaranteed maternity
to the metric system, the USA and only leave or paid holidays in the USA. We
two other countries remain loyal to the may find all of this alarming, but it’s
Food Fixations imperial system. perfectly normal to most Americans.
If you ever eat out in the United States,

Culture
you’ll likely find the American dining Fly Your Flag A Quaint Culture
experience to be a tad eccentric. First
off, the portion sizes will bowl you over. Next on the list is America’s love of Every country is unique, but Ameri-
On top of this, enjoying free refills at any flags, specifically the American flag. cans take their quirks to a completely
establishment is the norm. Moreover, Citizens will fly Old Glory in front of different level. If you’re planning a visit
glasses are commonly filled to the brim homes, atop skyscrapers and inside in the near future, you may be in for more
with ice to ensure that crisp taste. classrooms. For many, the US flag is than you’ve bargained for. 
a permanent fixture on their home or
business. Public spectacles like parades 1 oddity |Seltsamkeit
Imperial Idiosyncrasies and sporting events will feature the flag foreigner ˈfɒrənə(r) / ˈfɔːrənər |Ausländer
as well. Other flags for states, sports clubs baffling |rätselhaft,
Those who’ve gone driving or or universities are popular too. verwirrend
to eat out |essen gehen, außer
Haus essen
Top Tippers a tad |ein bisschen
to bowl sb over |jdm. die Sprache
Maybe you feel verschlagen
pressured to tip refill |Nachschlag
every now and filled to the brim |randvoll
then, but tip- crisp |knusprig
ping is prac- 2 to measure sth |etw. messen
tically a reli- unfortunate |unglücklich

gion for most run-in |Streit
A mer ica n s. good luck |viel Glück
Tipping waiters to stick to sth |an etw. festhalten
and waitresses atop |oben auf etw.
is the bare mini- skyscraper |Wolkenkratzer
mum. Americans fixture |Befestigung, festes Inventar
routinely tip any- tipper |Trinkgeldgeber
one performing to tip |Trinkgeld geben
a personal service. every now and then |von Zeit zu Zeit
This includes hair routinely ruːˈtiːnli |regelmäßig
stylists, bartenders, to include sb |jdn. einschließen
hotel cleaning staff, bartender |Barkeeper
taxi drivers and food amount |Menge
delivery drivers. The to creep up |höher steigen
amount that Ameri- to find out |herausfinden
cans are expected to hefty |heftig, deftig
tip has also been creep- majority |Mehrheit
ing up. 3 maternity leave |Mutterschaftsurlaub
paid holidays |bezahlter Urlaub

quaint kweɪnt |bizarr
Busy Bees unique juˈniːk |einzigartig
quirk kwɜːk / kwɜːrk |Eigenart
Outsiders a re usua lly to be in for more than you bargained for |
shocked once they find out exactly sich auf eine unangenehme Überraschung
how much Americans work. A hefty gefasst machen müssen
1 2 3
16
Good Vibes
Conversation Matters
& Celebrations
to kick back |ausspannen
Everyone loves a good celebration. Who to live it up |ausleben
doesn’t want to kick back and live it up every fete |Fete, Feier
lingo |Jargon
once in a while? Whether it’s a festival, holiday
or some other fête, this guide from English
Matters has all the useful lingo you’ll
need to have a splendid time.
Amazing Adjectives
• I’ve been feeling festive all week.
• We’ve always worn these outfits. It’s an
age-old tradition.
• I can’t remember the exact date, because
it’s a moveable feast.
• We have a proud tradition of organising folk
dances each winter.
• There’s a rich tradition of honouring our
ancestors in the southern part of my country.
outfit |Kleidung, Klamotten

moveable |beweglich
feast |Fest, Feiertag
folk dances |Volkstänze
ancestor |Vorfahre
17
A NATIONAL TRADITION
Andy: I’m happy we left home early. We found a great park- Linda: Definitely. It’d be great to take in as much as possible
ing spot and have all day to take in the Independence Day today. They’ve held this festival for the last, what, 30 years,
festivities. but there are always some new things to see.
Linda: I can’t wait for the parade. I’m on cloud nine. Look at Andy: I love how it remains traditional and nostalgic, yet
all of the banners and flags decorating the streets. mixes in new and exciting elements each year.
Andy: Yes, I’m sure it’ll be thrilling. I’m curious about the Linda: I’m so thankful dad brought us here as kids. Our small
other events that are planned for the day. Do you think there town’s proud traditions aren’t so bad, are they?
will be any live music?
Linda: I know there will be. Here’s a pamphlet explaining thrilling |spannend, aufregend
all of today’s events. We’ll even have fireworks to end the live laɪf |live
night with a bang. pamphlet |Broschüre, Flugblatt
Andy: Now that’s music to my ears. Oh, I see that there’s bang |Knall
going to be a special ceremony honouring our soldiers, too. definitely |definitiv, bestimmt
Would you like to see that?
Festivals Around the World Festive

Every country has its unique celebrations, but there are a few festivals around the world Decorations
that take the cake. For instance, everyone ought to check out the Battle of the Oranges that
takes place in the Italian city of Ivrea. Locals pelt each other with oranges in what is one of • She insisted on hav-
Europe’s largest food fights. La Tomatina, though, in the Spanish town of Buñol takes on ing streamers for the
a party-like atmosphere as 20,000 revelers hurl countless kilograms of tomatoes at one another. celebration.
Outside of Europe, the party only continues. In India, the ancient Holi celebration sees mil- • People traditionally
lions of people stage battles involving coloured powders and water. In the South Korean wear masks.
town of Boryeong, young folks congregate each July at the Mud Festival to get downright • T he government is
dirty. For a cleaner celebration, the people of Thailand mark their New Year, Songkran, by considering bringing
attacking one another with water from buckets, water guns and hoses. A fair share of soapy pyrotechnics this year.
bubbles are often thrown into the fray as well. • The city streets are
adorned with banners,
a few |ein paar ribbons and flags for
to take the cake |den Vogel abschießen the annual parade.
to pelt each other with sth |sich gegenseitig mit etw. bewerfen • The parade floats are
reveler |Feiernder usually made of papier-
to hurl sth |etw. werfen, schleudern mâché.
countless |zahllos
ancient |antik, altertümlich to insist on sth |auf etw.
involving sth |mit etw. bestehen
to congregate |ansammeln, streamer |
versammeln Luftschlange
to get downright dirty |sich richtig pyrotechnics
schmutzig machen ˌpaɪrəˈteknɪks |
hose |Schlauch Feuerwerk, Pyrotechnik
fair share of sth |eine annual |jährlich
bestimmte Menge an etw. parade float |
soapy bubble | Umzugswagen
Seifenblase papier-mache ˌpæpieɪ
the fray | ˈmæʃeɪ |Papiermaché
Getümmel
18
A NEW
Idioms for Happy Occasions
• That festival blew my mind.
• The sounds of the carnival were music to my ears.
• I’m so happy her wedding went off without a hitch.
• I’m on cloud nine.
• I’m in seventh heaven.
CULTURE
• Everyone entered into the spirit of things. Derek: Thank you for welcoming
me into your home dur-
to blow one’s mind |jdn. umhauen ing such a special occa-
to go off without a hitch |problemlos ablaufen sion for your family.
to be on cloud nine |im siebten Himmel sein Maria: You’re always welcome
to enter into the spirit of things |sich in ein bestimmtes Klima here, Derek. What do you think of
einfühlen our little fiesta so far?
Derek: It’s all so fas-
cinating. The colourful
streamers. The beauti-
Intriguing Observances ful songs. The elaborate
outfits. I love all of it.
• I’d love to experience the excitement of Mardi Gras in Maria: Well, maybe you love our outfits because you
New Orleans. aren’t wearing one. They look nice, but they’re not exactly
• My cousin’s bar mitzvah last week was the most elaborate comfortable.
party I’ve ever seen. Derek: Still, I can’t stop thinking about the cheerful atmos-
• What are you dressing up as for Halloween this year? phere that surrounds your family. At this time of year, my
• Would you like to come to one of my family’s Ramadan family is so solemn and serious. We can’t have any fun.
dinners next week? Maria: Yeah, I think my country has always done things
• I’ve heard that Chinese New Year celebrations can be in a lighthearted way. We never like it when things get
really spellbinding. too gloomy.
• I love experiencing Christmas festivities in different Derek: Well now I’m scared to invite you to any holiday
countries. dinner with my family. We’d bore you to death.
Maria: Oh, but I’d love to see how you all do things.
Mardi Gras |Fasching, Karneval There’d be different routines and different foods. There’d
to dress up |sich verkleiden be a new surprise around every corner.
spellbinding |faszinierend
outfit |Outfit, Kluft in a lighthearted way| auf eine
comfortable ˈkʌmftəbl / lockere/heitere Art und Weise
ˈkʌmfətəbl |gemütlich to get gloomy |düster werden
Noble Nouns solemn |feierlich, ernst
• The nightly fireworks shows are a real spectacle.

• Our town has a touching memorial to honour our fallen
soldiers. Synonyms for Festival
• There’s a sprawling carnival that takes place near the
capital city. • Her hometown plans out the best jamboree I’ve ever seen.
• His favourite part of the holiday is the ceremonial pro- • You should visit my country one spring to see some
cession. true revelry.
• My children enjoy the elaborate wardrobe the most. • Their galas are very formal events.
• The fiesta had such a lively atmosphere.
fireworks |Feierwerk • The holiday includes a pageant where locals can win
memorial |Denkmal, Mahnmal many prizes.
fallen |gefallen • His culture’s shindigs are much more fun than my fam-
sprawling |ausladend, ausgedehnt ily’s holidays.
to take place |stattfinden
elaborate |kunstvoll, raffiniert, aufwändig jamboree |Gaudi, Sause einschließen
wardrobe ˈwɔːdrəʊb / ˈwɔːrdrəʊb |Kleiderschrank, Garderobe revelry |Feierei, Gelage pageant ˈpædʒənt |Festzug
to include sth |etw. shindig |Rummel, Party
19
FUN IN
Words Describing Celebrations
• Their celebrations are very convivial.
THE SUN • On this day, people all around town are merry and jovial.
• My family is usually quite cold, but we’re quite buddy-
buddy and chummy once the summer festivities get
Frances: My, what a lovely wedding. What happens now? started.
Bill: Because the weather here is usually so lovely, there’s • Our Christmas parties are always cheerful and joyful.
a local custom of having a procession from the church to
a nearby beach. convivial |gesellig, fröhlich
Frances: And that’s where the venue for the wedding jovial |fröhlich, heiter
reception is? That’s very charming. buddy-buddy |kumpelhaft
Bill: During the procession, some of the older guests might chummy ˈtʃʌmi |kumpelhaft, freundlich
be chanting some traditional songs. It can be quite moving. cheerful |fröhlich
Frances: OK. I’ll try my best to listen. And what can we

expect at the reception?
Bill: Unsurprisingly, there tends to be a lot of seafood.
Other than that, it’ll probably be a convivial event. Rio’s Revelry
Frances: That sounds lovely. I’ve never been a fan of Rio de Janeiro’s Carnaval is the largest carnival of any
celebrations that are too formal. kind in the world. Right before Lent, two million partiers
Bill: I don’t think this community knows the meaning of take to the streets of Brazil’s second-largest city. Massive
the word “formal.” I think you’ll be able to kick back, relax floats are displayed in a parade, and samba dances can be
and dance the night away. enjoyed practically everywhere. The Carnaval festivities
have been held for hundreds of years and have reached an
wedding |Hochzeit iconic status throughout the city and the world.
custom |Brauch, Sitte It’s easy to assume that any tourist can just pack up and
venue |Veranstaltungsort, go to Rio’s Carnaval, but it’s a little more complicated
Lokal than that. A ticket is needed for most major events, and
wedding reception | obtaining one is easier said than done. The first problem
Hochzeitsempfang is the limited supply. With millions of partiers fighting to
to chant |singen get their hands on a ticket, most people need to plan their
seafood |Meeresfrüchte trips well in advance. The second obstacle is price. Tickets
to dance the night away | to Carnaval don’t come cheap. Certain exclusive areas, for
die ganze Nacht durchtanzen example, require tickets that cost about $250.
to take to the streets |auf die supply |Angebot, Vorrat

Straße gehen in advance |im Voraus
displayed |gezeigt, präsentiert obstacle |Hürde, Hindernis
Vibrant Verbs major |Haupt- to require sth |etw. erfordern
to obtain sth |etw. erhalten,
• Our local autumn festival falls on the second Saturday bekommen
of October.
• Her community has upheld their traditional concert for
the last 30 years.
• My neighbourhood holds a celebratory fair each year.
• This festival dates back to the 1800s.
• The event marks the start of the summer season.
• My brother observes some rather unusual holidays
because of his girlfriend.
autumn ˈɔːtəm |Herbst

community |Gemeinschaft
to uphold sth |etw. hochhalten, wahren
neighbourhood |Nachbarschaft
celebratory |feierlich, Feier-
fair |Messe, Volksfest, Jahrmarkt
20
Animal Testing
The use of animals
in experiments is
a very controversial
topic, bringing strong
emotional responses
from many people.
Animals ranging from
fish to primates are
tested on in the name
of research around
the world, primarily
for two reasons –
medical research and
cosmetic research.
The actual number
of animals used in
Controversial Debate Topics

such tests is hard to
ascertain, but current
estimates put the
number at about 100
million vertebrates
globally every year,
with 10 – 11 million of
them in the EU.
primate ˈpraɪmeɪt |Primat current |aktuell, gegenwärtig

research |Forschung estimates |Schätzungen
primarily |hauptsächlich vertebrate |Wirbeltier
actual |tatsächlich, eigentlich
to ascertain sth tu ˌæsəˈteɪn / ˌæsərˈteɪn
ˈsʌmθɪŋ |bestimmen, ermitteln
21
Those who support the testing…
It’s simply the best way biology, and therefore human life. again, but, to quote Peter Hotez, the
for us to conduct tests. In Breast cancer, brain injury, childhood Dean of the National School of Tropical
some cases, it’s the only leukemia, cystic fibrosis, multiple Medicine at Baylor College, “The way
way. Yes, supercomputers sclerosis, tuberculosis, the list goes you reduce that risk is first you show it
are getting more advanced on and on…our ability to combat does not occur in laboratory animals.”
all the time, but they are not able to all of these terrible things has come So, which would you prefer: a few tests
replicate or simulate the human brain’s as a result of animal testing. I have on mice, or the risk of Covid getting
100 billion nerve cells all connected a heart, I love animals, but I have worsened by something that is sup-
together. You need something living a brain, too – would I sacrifice an posed to prevent it?
for that – and something more complex animal (humanely) to save a dying Michael
than a tissue culture in a petri dish. You child? Of course I would. After all,
need a living organism, the closer to animal research is highly regulated Come on people, they’re
human the better. This means an ani- and the necessary laws are in place just animals! They
mal – animal testing is the only option to protect animals throughout our don’t have the ability
we have for developing our understand- research. to think or understand
ing of ourselves. Did you know that Dr. Farnstrom like humans do, so why
mice are 98% genetically similar to should they be treated like us? We’re
humans? You won’t get a better test Just look at what is going the superior beings, the top of the food
subject on a computer. on around the world chain and top of the research one, too.
Janice right now. Find me Anyone who eats meat, for a start, can-
one person who doesn’t not complain about us using animals
Look back at history – want to have a vaccine in medical research – if it wasn’t for
nearly every medical for Covid-19. I think a vaccine is the the testing on animals, many of us
breakthrough of the only way we’re going to get back to wouldn’t be alive and able to eat meat!
past century has come as a normal existence – the virus isn’t It’s also of benefit to the animals as
a result of animal testing. going to go away by itself. Well, when well, have you ever thought about that?
As a scientist, I follow facts and logic a vaccine is developed, how can we be It’s not just human diseases that get
– if we can prolong human life and sure that; one, it works? And two, it cured from animal testing – there’s
cure diseases as a result of research, doesn’t make the virus worse? There loads of animal diseases too, like rabies
we should perform it. The use of is a thing called ‘vaccine enhance- and tetanus. They’re now not affecting
animals in such research allows us to ment’ – it’s where a proposed vaccine animals so much, thanks to our testing
better understand the natural world, actually makes a disease worse. It has on them.
happened before and it could happen Donald
complex |komplex, differenziert humanely |human, menschenwürdig

Vaccine tissue culture |Gewebekultur vaccine |Impfstoff
A vaccine is a substance adminis- petri dish |Petrischale to go away by itself |von selbst wieder
tered to encourage the development breakthrough |Durchbruch verschwinden
of antibodies to a certain disease. to prolong sth |etw. verlängern enhancement ɪnˈhɑːnsmənt / ɪnˈhænsmənt
It often actually contains a small to cure sth |etw. heilen |Verbesserung, Verstärkung
amount of the virus or bacte- disease |Krankheit actually |wirklich, eigentlich, tatsächlich
ria which causes the disease. to perform sth |etw. ausführen, vornehmen to quote sb |jdn. zitieren
The word comes from the to allow sb to do sth |jdm. erlauben, etw. to occur |auftreten, erscheinen
latin ‘vacca’ meaning ‘cow’ zu tun a few |ein paar
because the cowpox virus was breast cancer |Brustkrebs to get worsened |verschlimmert
used against the smallpox virus. brain injury |Hirnverletzung werden
childhood leukemia ˈtʃaɪldhʊd luːˈkiːmiə to prevent sth |etw. verhindern
administered |Kinderleukämie food chain |Nahrungskette
| verabreicht cystic fibrosis |Mukoviszidose to complain about sth |sich wegen etw.
to encourage sth multiple sclerosis |multiple beschweren/beklagen
| fördern, unterstützen, Sklerose loads of sth |eine Menge (von) etw.
animieren tuberculosis |Tuberkulose rabies ˈreɪbiːz |Tollwut
smallpox |Pocken to combat sth |etw. bekämpfen tetanus |Tetanus (Wundstarrkrampf)
22
Those who are against it…
How could anyone do that same way as we are. Would you eat to inflict pain |Schmerzen bereiten
to an animal? They’re what a rat eats? Would you live where to justify sth |etw. rechtfertigen
living creatures, they a frog lives? No. So why would you deliberately |absichtlich, vorsätzlich
feel pain. In fact, a lot of want the medicine or shampoo that suffocating |Ersticken
experiments are designed works on these animals for yourself? burning |Verbrennen
specifically to inflict pain. How could Have you heard of thalidomide? It’s healing process |Heilungsprozess
anyone justify that? Is one pain more a sleeping pill that was responsible outcry |Aufschrei
important than another pain? Here’s for more than 10,000 birth defects in unfortunately |leider
a few things that humans deliberately human children in the ‘50s, yet in the proper |richtig, echt, ordentlich
do to animals, in the name of research: animal testing on mice, rats, guinea to stand up to sb/sth |jdm./etw. die Stirn
suffocating, burning, and cutting, just pigs, cats, and hamsters done before it bieten
to study the healing process. Imagine was approved for human use, problems to commit sth |etw. begehen
if this was done to a human. There only occurred when it was given in atrocity |Grausamkeit
would be outcry! Unfortunately, it huge doses. Or what about the arthritis nigtmare |Albtraum
happens every day to animals around drug Vioxx? Tests on mice showed it to starve sb/sth |jdn./etw. aushungern
the world, and the only outcry is the had positive effects on the heart, so it to force feeding sb/sth |jdn./etw.
one from the poor little animals being was considered safe for humans. That’s zwangsernähren
harmed. They don’t have a proper voice until 27,000 human heart attacks and to involve sth |etw. einschließen
to explain why it’s wrong, that’s why deaths resulted from it and it was pulled to stitch sth |etw. zunähen
we need to be the voice for them and from the market. Where’s the benefit eyelid |Augenlid
stand up to the animals committing behind the animal testing here, I ask justifiable ˌdʒʌstɪˈfaɪəbl / ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪəbl
these atrocities. you? Think about the flip side, too – |vertretbar, gerechtfertigt
Chris how many possible human cures have guinea pig ˈɡɪni pɪɡ |Meerschweinchen
we missed because they didn’t work approved |genehmigt, zugelassen
People like to ignore on animals? heart attack |Herzinfarkt
what’s going on behind Leanne pulled |zurückgezogen, eingezogen
those laboratory doors, the flip side |Kehrseite
probably because they As ethical beings we consent form |Einverständniserklärung

know that if they found out have the obligation to to agree to sth |etw. zustimmen
what we really do to animals, they treat other creatures conscious ˈkɒnʃəs / ˈkɑːnʃəs |bewusst
would have nightmares. But hiding ethically. Show me one advancement |Fortschritt, Entwicklung
from the truth does not justify it. So consent form from an
here’s a few facts for you – after hearing animal agreeing to tests and I’ll sup-
them, you can decide if animal testing port the research 100 percent. There’s
is wrong or not. We test on over 100 the problem, though – animals can’t Where do you
million animals a year. After we’ve consent to tests, so we cannot test on stand?
finished harming them, starving them, them. It’s cruel and it’s wrong. Donald
force feeding them, and using them, Watson states that vivisection, “is prob- Animal testing is such a hard issue
we kill them. One test on a monkey, ably the cruelest of all Man’s attack to deal with, as the arguments for
involved stitching her eyelids closed on the rest of Creation” and I agree both sides can provoke strong emo-
and attaching an electronic sensor to with him. There is a solution, though tions. As lovers of life, it’s hard to
her head – can you think of any justifi- – human testing. We have the authority deny a process (such as animal test-
able reason to do that? and conscious ability to agree to tests ing) which could be beneficial to
Jason on ourselves – if it’s not for you, don’t our health and wellbeing. Equally
worry, there are people out there who though, as lovers of life, it’s hard
Sure, sure, we need ani- are willing to be test subjects. They to justify a process (such as animal
mal testing to advance have given their consent – something testing) which is fundamentally
medicine. You’ve prob- an animal could never do. There’s an harmful to lifeforms.
ably heard that right? added bonus, too – tests on humans
Well, it’s wrong. Most deliver results that are far more useful to deal with sth |sich mit etw.
medical research is actually held back to the advancement of research than beschäftigen
by animal testing – animals are not any test on animals. to provoke sth |etw. auslösen
people, so they are not affected in the Jordan it’s hard to deny |es ist schwer, etw. zu
verweigern/abzulehnen
23
How to Be
DOWNLOAD

Assertive ZUGANGSCODE
y7e
ODER HÖR ES
DIR AN AUF
Passive, aggressive or maybe assertive?

Have you ever thought about how you
communicate? This time, English Matters gives
you some hints on how to tackle challenging
situations and stay as cool as a cucumber.
A
ssertiveness is defined as the ability to state your rights or needs positively
and constructively, without violating or undermining your own or oth-
ers’ rights. How is this possible? Well, assertive individuals are able to
get their point across without upsetting others. They express thoughts,
feelings and beliefs in direct, honest and appropriate ways.
Although being assertive is not easy for everybody, there are some guidelines for
assertive communication. If you are tired of being a people-pleaser, or maybe on the
contrary you are yelling or criticising others too much, take a closer look at some of
our assertiveness hints and try to apply the most suitable ones for you, either in the
workplace or at home.
hint on sth |Hinweis auf etw. to upset sb |jdn. verärgern

to tackle sth |etw. in Angriff nehmen direct |direkt
to stay as cool as a cucumber ˈkjuːkʌmbə(r) appropriate |angemessen, geeignet
Tips
|die Ruhe selbst sein although |obwohl

ability |Fähigkeit people-pleaser |Publikumsliebling
without sth |ohne etw. on the contrary |im Gegenteil
to violate sth |etw. verletzen to yell tu jel |schreien
to undermine sth |etw. unterminieren to apply sth |etw. anwenden
own |eigener suitable ˈsuːtəbl |geeignet, passend
to get one’s point across |seinen Standpunkt either…or… |entweder... oder...
deutlich machen
1. Speak simply and directly.

When you’re practicing assertiveness, it’s important to speak in a way that
doesn’t imply accusations or make the other person feel guilty. Don’t beat about
the bush. Be simple, direct, and concise. When asserting yourself, remember,
less is more. Meandering or long-winded explanations are not very welcome.
to imply sth |etw. suggerieren to beat about the bush |Ausflüchte

accusation ˌækjuˈzeɪʃn | machen, sich herumdrücken
Beschuldigung concise |knapp, kurz
to make sb feel guilty |bewirken, to meander tə miˈændə(r) |sich schlängeln
dass sich jd. schuldig fühlt long-winded |langwierig, umständlich
24
2. Use “I” statements when commenting on

another’s behaviour.
“You’re always late!”, “You never help me”. These are aggressive statements
which can be interpreted as judgemental and hostile. Therefore, make it a habit
to say phrases like “I think ... “ or “I feel .... “ Never use aggressive language
because these statements trigger other people, leaving them frustrated, and
finally shut down conversation. By using “I” you put the focus on yourself
and how their behaviour has affected you.
Aggressive communication: “You are never on time!”
Assertive Communication: “I’d really like you to be here on time, so we can
spend more time on this presentation.”
behaviour |Verhalten to shut sth down |etw. beenden

judgemental dʒʌdʒˈmentl |beurteilend to put the focus on oneself |den Fokus
hostile |feindlich auf sich selbst legen
therefore |deshalb, daher to affect sb |jdn. treffen, beeinflussen
to trigger sth |etw. auslösen
3. Stand up for yourself.

It won’t happen overnight, but with a little effort and preparation you can learn
how to do it. Remember that practice makes perfect. So don’t allow others to
take advantage of you; insist on being treated fairly. Here are a few examples:
”Excuse me, but I have another appointment,”
“Please turn down the radio,” or
“No thank you, I’m not interested in these products.”
to stand up for oneself |für sich selbst to allow sb to do sth |jdm. erlauben,
einstehen etw. zu tun
overnight |über Nacht, schlagartig to take advantage of sb |jdn. ausnutzen
effort |Anstrengung, Mühe to insist on sth |auf etw. bestehen
Tips
practice makes perfect |Übung macht a few |ein paar
den Meister appointment |Treffen, Verabredung
4. Choose the right time and place.

When we think about the work environment, try to schedule a special time and
discuss important issues in a private, neutral location. Avoid overgeneralisa-
tions and qualifiers, such as “always” and “never.” People are rarely always
inconsiderate, unreliable or irresponsible. These sweeping generalisations
trigger defensiveness and shut down open communication.
to schedule tə ˈʃedjuːl |planen, festlegen unreliable ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl |unzuverlässig

to avoid sth |etw. vermeiden sweeping |dramatisch, radikal
qualifier |nähere Bestimmung defensiveness |Abwehrhaltung
inconsiderate |rücksichtslos
25
5. Use appropriate body 7. Don’t say sorry when it is not
language to emphasise your necessary.
words.
Of course, it is crucial to admit our own mistakes
Body language and the way of speaking are also vital. and apologise when necessary, but over-using the
Slouching, hunching your shoulders, shuffling or word “sorry” can make your sincere apologies less
marching around will undoubtedly undermine your meaningful and may even lose you your co-workers’
message. Therefore, you should express your confi- respect. Apologising is a common trait among passive
dence and maintain eye contact. Make sure you have communicators who want to avoid confrontation at all
the person’s full attention. costs. “People pleasers” apologise because they assume
“John, I need that report by Monday morning,” is an that are wrong or want to diffuse tension. Try to elimi-
assertive statement. Try to say it slowly, audibly and nate over-apologising if you want to sound assertive.
calmly.
to admit sth |etw. zugeben
to emphasise sth |etw. to shuffle |schlurfen meaningful |bedeutungsvoll
betonen undoubtedly ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli | common |üblich, gewöhnlich
slouching ˈslaʊtʃɪŋ |krumm zweifellos trait |Merkmal, Charakterzug
dasitzend confidence |Selbstvertrauen at all costs |um jeden Preis
to hunch one’s shoulders | audibly ˈɔːdəbli |laut, hörbar to diffuse sth |etw. lockern, zerstreuen
die Schultern hochziehen
8. Listen actively.
6. Don’t Exaggerate
Try to understand the other person’s point of view
It is important to describe the results and effects of and don’t interrupt when they are explaining it to
others behaviour specifically. You shouldn’t generalise, you. Remember that effective communication rests
expand or judge. on mutual respect.
Instead of saying: “There is no point having a meeting
now. This project is hopeless!” mutual |gegenseitig
Use Assertive Communication: “We are going to have
very little time left for this meeting, as I need to leave
for another meeting at 2:00 p.m.”
to exaggerate |übertreiben To Cut a Long Story Short

Tips
to expand sth |etw. aufblähen

to judge |bewerten Being assertive is not a natural thing, and may be especially
instead of sth |anstatt von etw. difficult for those with low self-esteem. Fear that you may
harm others, or that you will experience rejection may prevent
you from acting assertively, too. This is based upon a belief
that other people’s needs, opinions, and judgements are more
Here are a few examples of important than ours. However, practicing assertiveness skills
assertive communication: will help you confront old ways of thinking, help you become
more self-confident and ultimately satisfied with fruitful and
• “I completely understand what you’re saying but I have effective communication. 
to disagree”
• “I feel frustrated when you are late for meetings. I don’t to cut a long story short |es kurz machen
like having to repeat information.” self-esteem |Selbstachtung, Selbstwertgefühl
• “Could you explain the reasoning behind your decision, to harm sb |jdn. verletzen
so I can try to understand what you’re doing” to experience sth |etw. erleben
rejection |Abweisung, Ablehnung
to disagree |widersprechen to prevent sb from sth |jdn. an etw. hindern, jdn. von etw. abhalten
reasoning |Gedankengang self-confident |selbstbewusst
26
PERSONALITY IDIOMS
Do you have a short fuse? Are you a lone wolf, or maybe – I couldn’t agree more.
a party animal? This time English Matters presents some Cheapskate – a mean person who doesn’t like spending money
colourful personality idioms which will enrich your English – My boss was always a cheapskate, even though he was
vocabulary and make you sound like a native speaker. earning $200,000 a year.
–W hat a scrooge!
Let’s start with some positive idioms to describe people you Synonyms: scrooge (n), stingy (adj.), tight-fisted (adj.)
love spending time with: Slave driver – someone who makes other people work
Culture vulture – refers to someone who is fond of culture, extremely hard.
i.e. art, theatre, literature, music etc. – My former boss was such a slave driver. I had to work
– Michael spends most of his weekends attending art exhibi- three weekends in a row.
tions and concerts. – I t’s good you handed in your notice.
– Oh yes. He’s a real culture vulture.
Good egg – good egg is a likeable person who wants to to have a short fuse |eine kurze Lunte haben, jähzornig sein
ENGLISH MATTERS Language AUSSCHNEIDEN UND SAMMELN

please everyone. party animal |Partylöwe
– Can you fetch me some coffee? to enrich sth |etw. bereichern
– I’ve already brought it for you. culture vulture ˈkʌltʃə vʌltʃə(r) / ˈkʌltʃər vʌltʃər |Kulturliebhaber
– You’re a good egg! exhibition ˌeksɪˈbɪʃn |Ausstellung
A people person – an outgoing person who gets along with good egg |famose Person
people really well and is a good listener. likeable ˈlaɪkəbl |liebenswert
– Joanna is enthusiastic and positive. I like her so much. to please sb |jdn. zufriedenstellen
– Definitely, she is a people person. to fetch sth |etw. holen
Party animal – someone who enjoys parties and goes to people person |geselliger Mensch
as many as possible. outgoing |extrovertiert, aufgeschlossen
– Are you going out again tonight? definitely |definitiv
– Of course! I’m such a party animal. go-getter |Draufgänger
Go-getter – is a person who is active, energetic, and has the to pursue sth tə pəˈsjuː / pərˈsuː ˈsʌmθɪŋ |etw. verfolgen
initiative to pursue the things they want. Go-getters are able to deal with sth |sich mit etw. beschäftigen
to deal with new or challenging situations easily. humble ˈhʌmbl |bescheiden
– I have never been a go-getter. determined |entschlossen
– Come on, don’t be so humble. You’re so determined to be on the other hand |andererseits
successful. to drive sb nuts |jdn. verrückt machen
On the other hand, if we want to say something negative subtle ˈsʌtl |subtil
about someone who drives us nuts, we may do it in a more busybody |Wichtigtuer
subtle way by using the following idioms: inquisitive ɪnˈkwɪzətɪv |neugierig
Busybody – an inquisitive person who constantly wants to to interfere |mitmischen, eingreifen, einmischen, sich einmischen
know about or interfere in the details of other people’s lives. mother-in-law |Schwiegermutter
– My mother-in-law is such a busybody – she’s always asking fuddy-duddy |altmodischer Mensch
nosy questions about my private life. old-fashioned |altmodisch
–P oor you! stick-in-the-mud |Ewiggestriger, Langweiler
Fuddy-duddy – an old-fashioned person who has not adopted to approve of sth |etw. zustimmen
certain modern customs, beliefs, or behaviours; a stick-in-the-mud wet blanket |Miesmacher, Spaßbremse
– My mother doesn’t have an e-mail address. She’s a little to discourage |entmutigen, abhalten
behind the times. attitude |Einstellung
– I know what you mean. My dad is a real fuddy-duddy who to turn down sth |etw. leiser stellen
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doesn’t approve of tattoos. armchair critic |Hobbykritiker

Wet blanket – a person who discourages fun or enjoyment advice |Rat
for other people, especially through their negative attitudes. I couldn’ agree more. |Ich bin ganz deiner Meinung.
–W e should turn down the music – our neighbours are cheapskate |Geizhals
probably trying to sleep. mean |geizig

–Y ou’re always behaving like a wet blanket. to earn |verdienen
ZUGANGSCODE
Synonyms: party pooper/spoilsport/killjoy/wallflower stingy ˈstɪndʒi |geizig, knickerig
umq
Armchair critic – someone who gives advice based on slave driver |Sklaventreiber ODER HÖR ES
theory rather than practice. in a row ɪn ə rəʊ |in Folge, nacheinander DIR AN AUF
– Our country needs more problem solvers, not only arm- to hand in one’s notice |seine Kündigung einreichen
chair critics.
that you didn’t understand the new era. Answers:
I. 1e, 2a, 3c, 4.d, 5b
II. tight-fisted – scrooge – pig-headed – stingy
4. They said you were__________, from the old school,
a good laugh – wallflower – a party animal – a people person
but obstacles.
3. You are _________ with nothing to add to the world behind the times – fuddy-duddy – old-fashioned – modern
business. party pooper – spoilsport – life and soul of the party – wallflower
2. My aunt is such a _______ . I wish she’d mind her own III. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences.
1. I love music festivals, exhibitions and art galleries. I’m a culture venue vulture.
2. I’m sick and tired of my boss. She is a real crave slave driver.
– you need to be more of a _______.
3. Be a good chicken egg and help me please.
1. You can’t just wait for opportunities to be handed to you
4. We don’t need any dry wet blankets here. We want to have fun!
IV.
Personality Idioms | PRACTICE
busybody | slave driver

1
G
I. Match the following idioms with their meanings: IV. Fill in the crossword: O
armchair critic | go-getter | stick-in-the-mud
1. killjoy 1
2. fuddy-duddy
-
3. culture vulture
4. busybody
G
2 3
5. party animal
a) an old-fashioned person who has not adopted certain 2 3
E F K
4
modern customs, beliefs, or behaviours. 4
b) someone who enjoys parties and goes to as many as
T U C I
is one word that you do not need to use:
possible. T D H L
c) someone who is fond of culture, i.e. art, theatre, literature,
music etc.. 5 E D E L
d) a nosy person who wants to know everything about others
5
e) a person who does not like other people enjoying them- P A R T Y A N I M A L J
selves 6
to be fond of sth | bardzo coś lubić
V. Complete the sentences with a proper idiom. There

- P O
6
D B U S Y B O D Y
II. Cross the odd one out:
tight-fisted – scrooge – pig-headed – stingy U K
behind the times – fuddy-duddy – old-fashioned – modern Down: D A
party pooper – spoilsport – life and soul of the party – 1. someone whose career progresses rapidly; an active and
wallflower energetic person D T
2. a conservative who is old-fashioned or dull in attitude
or appearance Y E
to meddle in sth |sich in etw. einmischen

III. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 3. someone who spoils the pleasure of others
Language WYTNIJ I ZACHOWAJ
Language
1. I love music festivals, exhibitions and art galleries. I’m 4. a miserly person
a culture venue. Across:
2. I’m sick and tired of my boss. She is a real crave driver. 5. someone who enjoys parties and goes to as many as
miserly ˈmaɪzəli/ˈmaɪzərli |geizig

3. Be a good chicken and help me please. possible
4. We don’t need any dry blankets here. We want to have fun! 6. a person who meddles in the affairs of others
apperance | wygląd V. 1. go-getter, 2. busybody, 3. armchair critics, 4. a stick in the mud
Answers: to spoil sth | psuć coś
to spoil sth |etw. verderben, ruinieren

I. 1e, 2a, 3c, 4.d, 5b miserly ˈmaɪzəli/ˈmaɪzərli | tu: skąpy
II. tight-fisted – scrooge – pig-headed – stingy to meddle in sth | mieszać się w coś
behind the times – fuddy-duddy – old-fashioned – modern
apperance |Aussehen
party pooper – spoilsport – life and soul of the party – wallflower V. Complete the sentences with a proper idiom. There
III. Correct the mistakes in the following sentences. is one word that you do not need to use:
1. I love music festivals, exhibitions and art galleries. I’m a culture venue vulture. armchair critic, go-getter, stick-in-the-mud, busybody,
2. I’m sick and tired of my boss. She is a real crave slave driver. slave driver
4. We don’t need any dry blankets here. We want to have fun!
3. Be a good chicken egg and help me please. 1. You can’t just wait for opportunities to be handed to you
4. We don’t need any dry wet blankets here. We want to have fun! – you need to be more of a _______.
IV. 2. My aunt is such a _______ . I wish she’d mind her own
business.
V. 1. go-getter, 2. busybody, 3. armchair critics, 4. a stick in the mud 3. You are _________ with nothing to add to the world
3. B e a good chicken and help me please. 6. a person who meddles in the affairs of others
but obstacles.
4. They said you were__________, from the old school,
that you didn’t understand the new era.
2. I ’m sick and tired of my boss. She is a real crave driver. possible

a culture venue. 5. someone who enjoys parties and goes to as many as
4 5 6
33
1. I love music festivals, exhibitions and art galleries. I’m Across:
Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: 4. a miserly person
ENGLISH MATTERS
III.
3. s omeone who spoils the pleasure of others
or appearance
wallflower 2. a conservative who is old-fashioned or dull in attitude
n party pooper – spoilsport – life and soul of the party – energetic person
n b ehind the times – fuddy-duddy – old-fashioned – modern 1. someone whose career progresses rapidly; an active and
person Down:
n a good laugh – wallflower – a party animal – a people
n tight-fisted – scrooge – pig-headed – stingy
Cross the odd one out: II.
to be fond of sth | etw. sehr mögen
6
selves
e) a person who does not like other people enjoying them-
5
d) a nosy person who wants to know everything about others
music etc..
c) someone who is fond of culture, i.e. art, theatre, literature,
possible.
4 b) someone who enjoys parties and goes to as many as
modern customs, beliefs, or behaviours.
3 2
a) an old-fashioned person who has not adopted certain
Language AUSSCHNEIDEN UND SAMMELN
5. party animal
4. busybody
3. culture vulture
1
2. fuddy-duddy
1. killjoy
IV. Fill in the crossword: I. Match the following idioms with their meanings:
Personality Idioms | PRACTICE
Digging
San
Travel
Diego
Tucked into America’s southwest corner, San
Diego is California’s second-largest city. Since
it may lack the fame of other, more storied
towns, San Diego just might be the state’s
best-kept secret. Head way out west with
English Matters to see what “America’s Finest
City” is all about. tucked into sth |in etw. gesteckt, gelegen
to lack sth |etw. vermissen, nicht haben
fame |Ruhm, Berühmtheit
29
P
erfect weather year-round. and The Rolling Stones have been held
Beaches on the Pacific Ocean. there as well. Petco Park is practically
All the amenities of a modern, surrounded by San Diego’s skyscrapers.
bustling city. Does this sound In addition, it’s just a stone’s throw from
too good to be true? Anyone from San San Diego Bay, making its surroundings
Diego will tell you it’s their everyday quite appealing. Walking around the
reality. What else makes San Diego a vicinity of Petco Park is a great way to
place like no other? explore San Diego.
Unlike many American metropolises,
San Diego flaunts a bona fide Old Town
An Urban Utopia that is well over 200 years old. Early
California missions and Victorian-era
Even though you may not know much houses dot the quaint streets. The Old
about San Diego, the city is home to a fair Town is still a vibrant district to this
number of attractions that have gained day. The area has some of San Diego’s
international acclaim. San Diego’s most San Diego Zoo
prominent crowd-pleaser has got to be
the San Diego Zoo. The zoo is one of the
world’s largest, buzzing with more than
4,000 animals from 800 different spe-
cies. It pioneered the open-air, cage-free
layout of exhibits in order to recreate an
animal’s natural habitat. The San Diego
Zoo lures in around 4 mln visitors a year,
making it America’s most popular zoo.
The zoo is active in conservation and
community efforts and has received a
number of prestigious awards.
The zoo is located in the expansive
Balboa Park, which is worth a look as
well. The park covers an area of 490 ha
and offers visitors all kinds of diversions
Travel
from the hustle and bustle of city life.

Over a dozen museums can be found
within the park. These are dedicated to
a wide range of themes including art,
Seaworld San Diego
science, automobiles, sports, and many
more. The collection of gardens found
within the park is just as impressive. to gain international acclaim |internationale Gedränge
Places like the rose garden, Japanese Bekanntheit erlangen dozen |Dutzend
garden and lily pond offer countless prominent |berühmt, prominent including sth |einschließlich etw.
hideaways to take a quiet stroll. Other crowd-pleaser |Publikumsliebling countless |zahllos
structures that add to the park’s splendor buzzing with sth |von etw. erfüllt hideaway |Refugium, Zufluchtsort
are a sports stadium, an amphitheatre and species ˈspiːʃiːz |Spezies, Art to take a stroll |einen Spaziergang machen
an indoor theatre. cage-free |käfigfrei indoor |Innen-, im Gebäude
An outdoor attraction that can be layout |Entwurf, Aufbau downtown |Stadtzentrum
found in downtown San Diego is Petco exhibit ɪɡˈzɪbɪt |Ausstellungsstück, Exponat to host sth |etw. beherbergen
Park. It is a baseball stadium that hosts in order to |um… zu 2 skyscraper |Wolkenkratzer
games for the San Diego Padres. Rugby, to recreate sth |etw. nachbilden a stone’s throw from sth |einen Steinwurf
football and golfing events take place in natural habitat |natürlicher Lebensraum entfernt von etw.
Petco Park, too. Concerts with big-name to lure in tə lʊə(r) / ljʊə(r) ɪn |reinlocken, appealing |attraktiv, verlockend
stars like Paul McCartney, Taylor Swift anlocken vicinity |Umgebung
community |Gemeinschaft unlike sth |anders als etw.
1 amenity |Annehmlichkeit prestigious preˈstɪdʒəs / preˈstiːdʒəs | to flaunt sth tə flɔːnt ˈsʌmθɪŋ |mit etw.
bustling ˈbʌslɪŋ |geschäftig, emsig angesehen, renommiert protzen
urban |städtisch award |Preis bona fide |echt, authentisch
a fair number of sth |eine ganze Menge an worth |wert to dot sth |etw. sprenkeln
etw. hustle and bustle |Hektik, Rummel, quaint kweɪnt |idyllisch, reizend
1 2
30
best Mexican restaurants. Those who The Picturesque Pacific and Mission Beach. Ocean Beach has a
prefer more modern activities won’t be more laid-back vibe. Expect to find a fair
disappointed. Some of the cities biggest San Diego’s proximity to the Pacific amount of hippies and progressives as
shopping centres are located in the Old Ocean means the city abounds with sce- you soak up the sun. On the other hand,
Town, too. nic beaches and coastal attractions. The Mission Beach is a hotspot for young
folks looking to socialise and mingle.
Petco Park
Don’t get upset if you have to contend
with throngs of bicyclists and rollerblad-
ers. Snorkellers will be rewarded, as this
is an ideal place to spot all kinds of sea
life next to the shore.
Another coastal treasure is Sunset
Cliffs, a neighbourhood that hides a mix
of attractions right by the ocean. As its
name suggests, the area is character-
ised by beaches bordered by sheer cliffs.
These beaches are suitable for swim-
ming and surfing, and the adjoining cliffs
boast some wonderful walking trails and
mesmerising sunset views. Moreover,
the region includes the Sunset Cliffs
Natural Park. Here, rocky outcroppings
along the coast form spell-binding arches
and caves. Each year, migrating grey
whales can even be observed from the
park’s cliffs.
Military Memorials
Balboa Park
upscale community of La Jolla is where San Diego has a special relationship
you’ll see many of the nicest beaches. with the American military. There are
Travel
La Jolla Cove is the biggest draw. The five military bases in the city’s immediate
beach here is ideal for swimming and vicinity. What does the prominent posi-
scuba diving, but the adjacent grassy tion of US forces in San Diego mean for
cliffs provide an excellent place to set tourists? There are a number of military-
up a picnic. Some beaches in La Jolla themed attractions around town. For
are hubs for surfers, whereas others have instance, the USS Midway Museum may
calmer waters for a more relaxing time.
Black’s Beach is America’s largest nud- fair |schön, (mehr als) ordentlich
ist beach. Furthermore, La Jolla has an progressive |Fortschrittlicher, Progressiver
award-winning aquarium with all kinds to soak up |etw. aufsaugen
of specimens from the Pacific Ocean. on the other hand |andererseits
Apart from La Jolla, other gorgeous folks |Leute
beaches are located at Ocean Beach to mingle |sich unter die Leute mischen
to get upset |sich aufregen
adjacent əˈdʒeɪsnt |angrenzend, to contend with sth |mit etw. kämpfen/
benachbart fertig werden
to provide sth |etw. (zur Verfügung) stellen throngs of sb |Massen von jdm.
hub |Zentrum, Mittelpunkt snorkeller |Schnorchler
whereas |wohingegen neighbourhood |Nachbarschaft
3 disappointed |enttäuscht furthermore |ferner, darüber hinaus suitable for sth |geeignet für etw.
4 picturesque |pittoresk, malerisch specimen |Exemplar, Spezimen to boast sth |etw. aufweisen können
proximity |Nähe apart from sth |abgesehen von etw. mesmerising |faszinierend
to abound with sth |voll sein mit etw. gorgeous ˈɡɔːdʒəs / ˈɡɔːrdʒəs |umwerfend, outcropping |Felszunge
upscale |vornehm, exklusiv wunderschön spell-binding |fesselnd
draw |Magnet, Attraktion 5 laid-back |locker, lässig prominent |markant, auffällig
scuba diving |Tauchen vibe |Atmosphäre to mean sth for sb |für jdn. etw. bedeuten
3 4 5
31
USS Midway
Fact File
San Diego is named after Saint

Didacus, a Spanish monk from the
1400s. Many California cities have
similar Spanish origins. For exam-
ple:
• San Francisco: named after Saint

Francis of Assisi
be one of the most impressive museums Torrey Pines • Santa Barbara: located just outside
out there. Located on an aircraft carrier Los Angeles, named after Saint
docked at a San Diego pier, the museum Barbara
lets visitors view virtually every room • San Jose: the centre of Silicon
on board the ship, from the bridge to the Valley, named after Saint John
sleeping quarters. It is also possible to • Santa Cruz: south of San Jose,
enter the cockpit of a number of naval translates to “Holy Cross”
aircraft, watch a film in a holographic
movie theatre, and experience a flight monk |Mönch
simulator. Annual attendance easily sur- origins |Ursprünge, Herkunft
Travel
passes 1 mln guests.

Another military monument that
brings in flocks of tourists is the Mount
Soledad National Veterans Memorial.
This is the only memorial that honours to surpass sth |etw. übertreffen,
all veterans, living and deceased, who übersteigen
served in America’s armed forces. This flocks |Scharen
stretches as far back as the American deceased dɪˈsiːst |verstorben
Revolution. Each veteran is honoured plaque plæk / plɑːk |Gedenktafel
with a black granite plaque. Currently, the currently |gegenwärtig, aktuell
total number of plaques exceeds 3,500. seamlessly blends the old with the new, to exceed sth |über etw. liegen
The monument’s centrepiece, though, is the laid-back with the cutting-edge. erected |errichtet
a towering 13-meter tall cross that was Tourists can choose crowded, world-class to predate sth |älter sein als etw.
erected in 1953. The cross predates the attractions, or empty segments of nature originally |ursprünglich
memorial by a few decades and originally that offer total solitude. Perhaps its lack sizzling |sehr heiß
had no military significance, but locals of fame is the city’s greatest asset. San recognition |Anerkennung
and outsiders alike now see the cross as Diego has been allowed to organically 7 seamlessly |nahtlos
the key feature of the veterans’ memorial. grow, and now the city and all of its to blend sth with sth |etw. mit etw.
dazzling draws are ripe for the picking. mischen
the laid-back |das Lockere, Lässige
Sizzling San Diego the cutting-edge |das Innovative,
6 aircraft carrier |Flugzeugträger Topaktuelle
While it may not have the recognition pier pɪə(r) / pɪr |Pier, Mole crowded |voll, vollgestopft
of other American’s cities, San Diego virtually |praktisch solitude |Einsamkeit, Einöde
is one of the best places to visit while annual |jährlich asset |Vorteil, Vorzug
travelling to the United States. The city attendance |Besucherzahl to be ripe for sth |reif für etw. sein
6 7
32
Rack Your Brain

Match the words with their Read the article America the
definitions. Peculiar and decide if the
following statements are true
1) elbow bump 2) face shield 3) immunity system or false.
4) sanitiser 5) ventilator
a) Free refills are the norm in restaurants and eateries in the
a) touching elbow to elbow as a form of greeting United States.
b) a mask made of transparent plastic b) Americans hate flags and displaying them in front of the
c) a piece of equipment supplying oxygen to people with buildings.
severe lung problems c) T
ipping is not very popular in the United States.
d) t he body’s protection against diseases d) A mericans spend more time at work than many other
e) a substance used in order to reduce/eliminate the number nationalities.
of bacteria/viruses on a given surface
refill |Nachschlag, Nachfüllung
supplying |liefernd eatery |Esslokal, Gaststätte
oxygen ˈɒksɪdʒən /ˈɑːksɪdʒən |Sauerstoff to display sth |etw. präsentieren, zeigen
severe |ernst, akaut tipping |Trinkgeldgeben
lung |Lunge Answer key: a) T, b) F, c) F, d) T
disease |Krankheit
given |bestimmt
surface ˈsɜːfɪs / ˈsɜːrfɪs |Oberfläche
Answer key: 1a, 2b, 3d, 4e, 5c

Finish
the word.
animal test............................................
Put the words in the correct column. medical breakt.....................................
human lif..............................................
jamboree | gala | festive | ceremonial | to blow one’s mind medical rese.........................................
fiesta | to be in seventh heaven | to be on cloud nine sleeping pil...........................................
Leisure
spellbinding brain inj.................................................
ner................................................. cells
Synonyms for Idioms connected Adjectives referring
li................ly atmosphere
festival with celebration to celebration wedding re..............ption
atmosphere, wedding reception
brain injury, nerve cells, lively
medical research, sleeping pill,
medical breakthrough, human life,
Answer key: animal testing,
Match the names of the caps/hats with the correct pictures.
balaclava
baseball cap earmuffs
bucket hat
Leisure
flat cap
straw hat
bucket hat ˈbʌkɪt hæt |Fischerhut, Bucket-Hut
34
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THIS AND THAT

4 This & That

Redaktionelle Leitung: Wortschatz: Anzeigenleitung:

CAPS & HATS MICHAEL

This and That

Look, there! It’s the authorities /ɔːˈθɒrɪtiz/! They’re here

by forcing air out of two artic- to master sth |etw.

South /saʊθ/, north /nɔːθ /… It’s all the

recipe ˈresəpi |Rezept

DOWNLOAD QR CODE SCANNER:

People and Lifestyle

excessively, and it Living, the CEO of the

The Danish excessively |übermäßig,

People and Lifestyle

DOWNLOAD QR CODE SCANNER:

et’s unravel the subject of PETA

peculiar pɪˈkjuːliə(r) |seltsam, merkwürdig

DOWNLOAD QR CODE SCANNER:

If you ever eat out in the United States,

tically a reli- unfortunate |unglücklich

paid holidays |bezahlter Urlaub

outfit |Kleidung, Klamotten

Festivals Around the World Festive

• The nightly fireworks shows are a real spectacle.

Frances: OK. I’ll try my best to listen. And what can we

to take to the streets |auf die supply |Angebot, Vorrat

autumn ˈɔːtəm |Herbst

Controversial Debate Topics

primate ˈpraɪmeɪt |Primat current |aktuell, gegenwärtig

complex |komplex, differenziert humanely |human, menschenwürdig

Those who are against it…

Controversial Debate Topics

DOWNLOAD QR CODE SCANNER:

Passive, aggressive or maybe assertive?

hint on sth |Hinweis auf etw. to upset sb |jdn. verärgern

|die Ruhe selbst sein although |obwohl

1. Speak simply and directly.

to imply sth |etw. suggerieren to beat about the bush |Ausflüchte

2. Use “I” statements when commenting on

behaviour |Verhalten to shut sth down |etw. beenden

3. Stand up for yourself.

4. Choose the right time and place.

to schedule tə ˈʃedjuːl |planen, festlegen unreliable ˌʌnrɪˈlaɪəbl |unzuverlässig

to exaggerate |übertreiben To Cut a Long Story Short

to expand sth |etw. aufblähen

ENGLISH MATTERS Language AUSSCHNEIDEN UND SAMMELN

doesn’t approve of tattoos. armchair critic |Hobbykritiker

probably trying to sleep. mean |geizig

busybody | slave driver

V. Complete the sentences with a proper idiom. There

to meddle in sth |sich in etw. einmischen

miserly ˈmaɪzəli/ˈmaɪzərli |geizig

to spoil sth |etw. verderben, ruinieren

2. I ’m sick and tired of my boss. She is a real crave driver. possible

from the hustle and bustle of city life.

San Diego is named after Saint

• San Francisco: named after Saint

passes 1 mln guests.

4 This & That

• The nightly fireworks shows are a real spectacle.

V. Complete the sentences with a proper idiom. There

2. I ’m sick and tired of my boss. She is a real crave driver. possible

• San Francisco: named after Saint