Network Analysis

BPB 21103
 REVISION
Things you should know
Things you have learned in BPB11103
Things I EXPECT you to know !

v
1 Ohms law: v ∝i ⇒ =R
i
Short circuit : R = 0 , v = 0
p circuit : R = ∞ , i = 0
Open
2 Terminology used when describing
a circuit or a network.

• Branches ?
• Nodes
N d ?
• Loops ?
• Meshes ?

• Series connections ?
• Parallel connections ?
3 Ki hh ff’ L
Kirchhoff’s Laws

Kirchhoff’s current law Kirchhoff’s voltage law

KCL KVL
Σ in = 0 Σ vm = 0
4 Voltage
V lt
rules
di
division
i i and
d currentt di
division
i i

By inspection,
4 Voltage
V lt
rules
di
division
i i and
d currentt di
division
i i

By inspection,

i3 = ?
5 Δ ⇔ Y ( Star
Star-delta
delta transfomation)

When do we use this transformation?

Use it ONLY when necessary

6 Methods
M th d off circuit
i it analysis
l i :
Nodal analysis and mesh analysis

We will be using this MOST of the time

a) Nodal Analysis

Select reference node,, assign

g other
nodes with voltages

A l KCL ffor every non-reference

Apply f node
d
When will we find Supernode ?

Solve simultaneous equations

Nodal Analysis
The Node Voltage Method
1:
2:
3:
4:
 Obtain v1 and V2 by using Nodal analysis
5: method
method.
Answer
V1 = 18.97<18.43
V2 = 13.91<-161.7
13 91< 161 7
Nodal Analysis With Voltage Sources
“A supernode is formed by enclosing a
(dependent or independent) voltage
source connected between two
nonreference nodes and any elements
connected in parallel with it”

Supernode
…(1)

….(2)
(2)
….(3)
…(1)
 …(2)
(2)

Substitute eqn
q ((2)) into eqn
q ((1))

…(3)
Substitute eqn (3) into eqn (2)
6 Methods
M th d off circuit
i it analysis
l i :
Nodal analysis and mesh analysis
W will
We ill b
be using
i thi
this MOST off the
th time
ti

b) Mesh Analysis

Assign
g mesh currents

When will we find Supermesh ?

A l KVL tto th
Apply the meshes
h

Solve simultaneous equations

 Loop (Mesh) Analysis

• Loop analysis is developed by applying

KVL around loops in the circuit
circuit.

• Loop (mesh) analysis results in a system

of linear equations which must be solved
for unknown currents.
 E
Example
l ((a))

Step 1 : Identifying the Meshes

1kΩ 1kΩ

1kΩ
V1 + +
Mesh 1 Mesh 2 V2
– –
St 2 : A
Step Assigning
i i M Mesh
hCCurrents
t
1kΩ 1kΩ

1kΩ
V1 + +
I1 I2 V2
– –
Voltages from Mesh Currents
+ VR –
+ VR – I2
R R

I1 I1

VR = I1 R VR = (I1 - I2 ) R
 KVL Around Mesh 1
1kΩ 1kΩ

1kΩ
V1 + +
I1 I2 V2
– –

-V1 + (1k) I1 + (1k) (I1 - I2) = 0

(1k) I1 + (1k) (I1 - I2) = V1
 KVL Around Mesh 2
1kΩ 1kΩ

1kΩ
V1 + +
I1 I2 V2
– –

(1k)(I2 - I1) + (1k) I2 + V2 = 0

(1k)(I2 - I1) + (1k) I2 = -V2
 Matrix Notation
• The two equations can be combined into a
single matrix/vector equation.

⎡ 2000 − 1000⎤ ⎡ I1 ⎤ ⎡ V1 ⎤
⎢− 1000 2000 ⎥ ⎢ I ⎥ = ⎢− V ⎥
⎣ ⎦⎣ 2 ⎦ ⎣ 2 ⎦
 Solving the Equations
Let: V1 = 7V and V2 = 4V
Results:
I1 = 3.33
3 33 mAA
I2 = -0.33 mA
Finally
Voutt = (I1 - I2) 1kΩ = 3.66V
3 66V
6: Using
g mesh analysis,
y ,
obtain v0 in the circuit
7:
Mesh Analysis with Current Source
“ A supermesh results when two meshes
have a (dependent or independent)
current source in common ”
 E
Example
l (b)
2kΩ

2mA
1kΩ

+
12V 2kΩ 4mA
–
I0
Step 1 : Identify
y Meshes
2kΩ

2mA Mesh 3
1kΩ

+ 2kΩ
12V Mesh 1 Mesh 2 4 A
4mA
–
I0
Step 2 : Assign
g Mesh Currents
2kΩ

2mA I3
1kΩ

+ 2kΩ
12V I1 I2 4mA
–
I0
 Current Sources
• The current sources in this circuit will have
whatever voltage is necessary to make the
current correct.
correct

• W
We can’t’t use KVL around
d th
the lloop
because we don’t know the voltage.

• What to do?
 Current Sources
• The 4mA current source sets I2:
I2 = -4 mA

• The 2mA current source sets a constraint

on I1 and
d I3:
I1 - I3 = 2 mA

• We have two equations and three

unknowns. Where is the third equation?
 The
2kΩ Supermesh
The does not
Supermesh 2mA I3 include this
surrounds 1kΩ source!
this source!
+ 2kΩ
12V I1 I2 4mA
–
I0
 KVL Around the Supermesh
-12 + (2k) I3 + (1k) (I3 - I2) + (2k) (I1 - I2) = 0

((2k)) I3 + ((1k)) ((I3 - I2) + (2k)

( ) ((I1 - I2) = 12
2kΩ

2mA I3
1kΩ

+ 2kΩ
12V I1 I2 4mA
–
I0
 Matrix Notation
• The three equations can be combined into
a single matrix/vector equation.

⎡0 1 0 ⎤ ⎡ I1 ⎤ ⎡− 4mA ⎤
⎢1 0 −1 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢
I 2 = 2mA ⎥
⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣2k − 1k − 2k 2k + 1k ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ I 3 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 12V ⎥⎦
 Solution
I1 = 1
1.2
2 mA
I2 = -4 mA
I3 = -0.8
0 8 mA
A

I0 = I1 - I2 = 5.2 mA
Use mesh analysis to determine i1, i2 and i3
Tutorial : Apply mesh analysis to the circuit in
Figure 1 1, and obtain:
i- I0
ii- Voltage
g dropped
pp in 3Ω
iii- Power dissipated in 3Ω
 (1)

(2)

(3)
Substitute eqn (3) into eqn (1) & (2)
(4)
(5)
Homework/Quiz
 (1)
(2)

(3)
 (4)

Substitute eqn (2) into eqn (1)

(5)

Substitute eqn (2) into eqn (3)

(6)
Homework/Quiz