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INVENTORS

The modern application of the catheter was in use at least by 1868 when Dr. N.B.Sornborger patented
the Syringe and Catheter (patent #73402) with features for fastening it to the body and controlling the
depth of insertion.

David S. Sheridan was the inventor of the modern disposable catheter in the 1940s. In his lifetime he
started and sold four catheter companies and was dubbed the "Catheter King" byForbes Magazine in
1988. He is also credited with the invention of the modern "disposable" plastic endotracheal tube now
used routinely in surgery. Prior to his invention, red rubber tubes were used, sterilized, and then re-used
which often led to the spread of disease and also held a high risk of infection. As a result Mr Sheridan is
credited with saving thousands of lives.

In the early 1900s, a Dubliner named Walsh and a famous Scottish urinologist called Norman Gibbon
teamed together to create the standard catheter used in hospitals today. Named after the two creators,
it was called the Gibbon-Walsh catheter. The Gibbon and the Walsh catheters have been described and
their advantages over other catheters shown. The Walsh catheter is particularly useful
after prostatectomy for it drains the bladder without infection or clot retention. The Gibbon catheter
has largely obviated the necessity of performing emergency prostatectomy. It is also very useful in cases
of urethral fistula. A simple procedure such as dilatation of the urethra and passage of a Gibbon catheter
often causes the fistula to close. This catheter is also of use in the treatment of urethral stricture and, as
a temporary measure, in the treatment of retention of urine caused by carcinoma of the prostate

Benjamin Franklin invented a flexible catheter for his brother who had a bladder stone

CATHETER

In medicine, a catheter is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel, thereby allowing
drainage, administration of fluids or gases, or access by surgical instruments. The process of inserting a
catheter is catheterization. In can either be a thin, flexible tube-soft catheter or a larger, solid tube- hard
catheter. A catheter left inside the body, either temporarily or permanently, may be referred to as
an indwelling catheter. A permanently inserted catheter may be referred to as a permcath.Y Catheters
come in many shapes and sizes. They can provide life-sustaining bodily functions and help doctors
diagnose health problems. Medical conditions and specific areas of the body influence the types of
cathetersYused.
MATERIALS

A range of polymers are used for the construction of catheters, including silicone rubber, latex,
and thermoplastic elastomers. Silicone is one of the most common choices because it is inert and
unreactive to body fluids and a range of medical fluids with which it might come into contact. On the
other hand, the polymer is weak mechanically, and a number of serious fractures have occurred in
catheters For example, silicone is used in Foley catheters where fractures have been reported, often
requiring surgery to remove the tip left in the bladder.

USES

Placement of a catheter into a particular part of the body may allow:

*Y draining urine from the urinary bladder as in urinary catheterization, e.g., the Foley catheter or even
when the urethra is damaged as in suprapubic catheterisation.
*Y drainage of urine from the kidney by percutaneous nephrostomy[1]
*Y drainage of fluid collections, e.g. an abdominal abscess
*Y administration of intravenous fluids, medication or parenteral nutrition with a peripheral venous
catheter
*Y angioplasty, angiography, balloon septostomy, balloon sinuplasty, cardiac electrophysiology
testing, catheter ablation. Often the Seldinger technique is used.
*Y direct measurement of blood pressure in an artery or vein
*Y direct measurement of intracranial pressure
*Y administration of anaesthetic medication into the epidural space, the subarachnoid space, or
around a major nerve bundle such as the brachial plexus
*Y administration of oxygen, volatile anesthetic agents, and other breathing gases into the lungs using
a tracheal tube
*Y subcutaneous administration of insulin or other medications, with the use of an infusion
set and insulin pump
*Y A central venous catheter is a conduit for giving drugs or fluids into a large-bore catheter positioned
either in a vein near the heart or just inside the atrium.
*Y A Swan-Ganz catheter is a special type of catheter placed into the pulmonary artery for measuring
pressures in the heart.
*Y An ÷

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the uterus. They may vary in length from approximately 150 mm to 190 mm.
*Y An umbilical line is a catheter used in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) providing quick access to
the central circulation of premature infants.
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 ÷ is a medical device used for attaching catheters to various other devices.
*Y A  ÷÷ is a double or triple lumen, external catheter used for hemodialysis.
*Y An intrauterine catheter, such as a device known as a 'tom cat', may be used to insert specially
'washed' sperm directly into the uterus in artificial insemination. A physician is required to
administer this procedure.

TYPES OF CATHETERS

1.Y Urinary catheters help to assist the body by draining urine from the bladder. The doctor may
recommend a urinary catheter as either short-term or long-term use for conditions such as
urinary incontinence, urinary retention and for people with disorders including multiple
sclerosis, spinal cord injuries or dementia.
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into the bladder until urine appears in the catheter. An indwelling catheter remains intact inside
the bladder with an inflated balloon and continually drains urine. An intermittent catheter is
placed in the same way as an indwelling catheter, but it gets removed after the urine has
stopped flowing.
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The most common type of intravenous catheter is designed for peripheral access. This is the IV line
commonly put into the hand or forearm when a patient is admitted to the hospital. It is short,
approximately 3/4- to 1-inch long, and is inserted into a vein by a nurse. Peripheral IVs come in various
sizes, ranging from size 24 gauge or the smallest to size 14 gauge, the largest. Cypress College in
California describes two types of peripheral IV devices. The most common is the over-the-needle
catheter. This is inserted into a vein via a needle that has a plastic catheter around it; the needle is
withdrawn, leaving the plastic catheter in the vein. The hub of that catheter is attached to IV tubing, or a
protective cap is applied. The second type of peripheral IV catheter is a steel needle variation, often
called a "butterfly" due to the wing-like plastic tubes at the base of the needle. These are always small
gauge, and used for infants, blood draws and for smaller veins.
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Another type of IV catheter is called a midline, which is defined by NursingCenter.com as a catheter that
is from 3- to 10-inches long, and inserted by a trained nurse in the arm near the inside of the elbow. This
is threaded up inside the vein, with the tip not extending past the arm pit, or axilla. The chances of
dislodging this IV access as compared to a peripheral one are lower, as the catheter is very soft and well
imbedded in the vein. These catheters typically last for about four to six weeks. The tip of this catheter
reaches a much larger vein, causing less irritation.
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A peripherally inserted central catheter, or PICC, is a flexible catheter that is put into the elbow vein
much like the midline catheter. The difference is that this catheter is longer and guided into the vena
cava, which leads into the heart, according to DrugInfo.com. For this reason, it is called a central
catheter, meaning the fluid and medications infused go into the central circulation immediately.
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TheBody.com describes central venous catheters as those that are inserted by a physician through a vein
in the neck, upper chest or anterior chest, with the tip in the vena cava of the heart. NursingCenter.com
states that there are actually four types of central catheters: one is the PICC, while the others include a
non-tunneled external catheter, a tunneled external catheter or an implanted port. The latter two
catheters are surgically placed.