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1.0-BACKGROUND TO ROAD CIRCULATION SYSTEM
The economic wellbeing of the District is heavily dependent on an efficient
transport system. Savings in fuel consumption, time and vehicle wear and tear, as
well as increased convenience for all, results from having a District that is served
by a network of well maintained roads and streets. Social contact is also greatly
facilitated by easy access from place to place. All these factors contribute to
promoting the purpose of the Act. The management of roads, streets and the land
use activities that obtain access from them are linked. As such there needs to be
integrated management and control to ensure that the function of the road or
street is not unduly compromised, that the adverse effects of the activities within
roads and streets do not create a detriment to the environment or the amenity of
land use activities, and vice versa. Roads and streets require substantial
investment of energy and other resources in their construction and maintenance.
In addition, the activities (particularly movement of traffic) carried out within them,
are substantial consumers of energy and other resources and also contribute to
environmental degradation (e.g. through noise and emission of heat and gases).
The benefits of ease of travel by road have to be measured against the costs of
developing and maintaining the road and street resource. Ministry of Works (JKR)
and local authority have limited resources available to construct and maintain the
network. There are a number of factors within the District that influence the road
and street network. These include:
• Traffic generated by the dairy, horticulture, mining and forestry industries.
• Lack of road reserve width where large drains have been formed on either
side of the road.
• This limits the capacity of the road to accommodate large vehicles, especially
the larger milk tankers.
• Peat foundation across the Hauraki Plains.
The use of a road hierarchy classification is one method which can assist in:
• protecting the road/street resource;
• the integrated management of the road/street resource and activities with
the land use
• resource and activities; and
• setting objectives and policies that clearly state the structure within which
the resources (time,
• Materials, funds) will and can be directed to achieve the most equitable and
desired result.
The hierarchy is used as a tool to assist in:
• setting the strategy of zones to provide for land use activities;
• determining the status that activities have (i.e. the status of the road that
access is obtained
• from, determines the activity status);
• setting financial contributions for activities that generate significant levels of
traffic; and
• Developing the Services Development Plan as it applies to road and the
Annual Plan for the allocation of funds to upgrade and/or maintain roads.
The road hierarchy has been developed from the information concerning existing
traffic movement patterns, traffic types (e.g. light or heavy, seasonal or constant)
and volumes, and the potential changes in this existing traffic. The traffic
information determines the road and street design characteristics (e.g. width,
speed, gradients, number of lanes, formation), which is reflected in the status of
the road or street in the hierarchy.
2.0-SITE STUDY

Ukay Perdana is a residential neighborhood situated in Ampang, very near the

Kuala Lumpur city center. This leasehold housing estate is developed by Ukay
Land Sdn Bhd.

Ukay Perdana offers a few types of houses like 2 ½ storey semi-detached

houses, apartments and 2 ½ storey superlink houses, segregated into 4
sections, respectively called Blossom Ville, Sommer Ville, Sri Hijauan and
Summer Ville. There is also a business center dubbed Spring Ville.

Ukay Perdana is easily accessed through the MRR2 highway via Jalan Ampang
or the Ampang Elevated highway. Being in such a central location, it is easy
enough for residents to get anywhere in the city – KLCC is only a 10-minute
drive away, and so is Ampang Point. Its location is also easily accessed by
various public transportation services.

Ukay Perdana is a neighborhood situated amongst other neighborhoods, and being so

near the city central, it is quite a dense residential area. That said, its location also
lends ease because of the numerous public transportation services available, so it is
quite easy to get around, even if one doesn’t have a car. In fact, it might be easier to
get around that way, because of the traffic jams that frequently occur around the
area.
 • ensuring activities most closely related to frontage development, including

0-LITERATURE RIVEW social interaction and parking, can be given more space within precincts
where environmental and access functions should predominate.
WHAT IS A ROAD HIERARCHY?
The road hierarchy principles will assist planning agencies with:-
Roadways serve a variety of functions, including but not limited to the provision of
direct access to properties, pedestrian and bicycle paths, bus routes and catering • Orderly planning of heavy vehicle and dangerous goods routes;

for through traffic that is not related to immediate land uses. Many roads serve • Planning and provision of public transport routes;
more than one function and to varying degrees, but it is clear that the mixing of
• Planning and provision of pedestrian and bicycle routes;
incompatible functions can lead to problems. A road hierarchy is a means of
defining each roadway in terms of its function such that appropriate objectives for • identifying the effects of development decisions in and on surrounding
that roadway can be set and appropriate design criteria can be implemented. areas and roadways within the hierarchy;
These objectives and design criteria are aimed at achieving an efficient road
• Development design that facilitates urban design principles such as
system whereby conflicts between the roadway and the adjacent land use are
minimized and the appropriate level of interaction between the roadway and land Accessibility, connectivity, efficiency, amenity and safety;
use is permitted. The road hierarchy can then form the basis of ongoing planning
• assigning control over access onto traffic carrying roads to ensure safe and
and system management aimed at reducing the mixing of incompatible functions.
efficient operation for traffic;
A well formed road hierarchy will reduce overall impact of traffic by:-
• Identifying treatments such as barriers, buffers and landscaping to preserve
• concentrating longer distance flow onto routes in less sensitive locations; amenity for adjacent land uses.

• ensuring land uses and activities that are incompatible with traffic flow are Thus, in order for road hierarchy to be effective, it needs to be much more than
restricted from routes where traffic movement should predominate; just a map of colored lines. This paper presents road hierarchy principles that can
be applied to produce a powerful planning tool.
• preserving areas where through traffic is discouraged;
ROAD HIERARCHY LEVEL AND OBJECTIVE

LEVEL 1: PURPOSE

ROAD STREET

• to carry through traffic • to provide local property

LEVEL 2: FUNCTION

ARTERIAL ROAD SUB ARTERIAL ROAD COLLECTOR STREET LOCAL STREET

• through traffic movements
• longer distance traffic movements
• line haul public transport task
• primary freight and dangerous
goods routes
• regional cycle movements (off road)
• connections between local areas and
arterial roads
• connections for through traffic
between arterial roads
• access to public transport
• through movement of public
transport
• regional – local cycle movements (off
road)
• pedestrian movements
• carry traffic having a trip end within • direct access to properties
the • pedestrian movements
specific area • local cycle movements
• direct access to properties
• access to public transport
• pedestrian movements
• local cycle movements

LEVEL 3: MANAGEMENT

Highway Arterial Main Traffic Controlled Sub Arterial Main Street Major Minor Access Street Access Place
Arterial Street Distributor Distributor Collector Collector

The aim of management policies for these categories will be to facilitate:

• longer • longer • longer • connection of • connection of • connection • connection of • connection of • access to • access to
distance distance distance local areas to local areas to of residential residential individual individual
traffic traffic traffic arterial roads arterial roads local areas to streets streets with adjacent adjacent
movements movements movements • access to arterial roads with traffic traffic carrying properties properties
• regionally and • access to properties • access to carrying roads roads • access to
nationally commercial (certain Commercial • access to • access to local area
significant properties Existing cases).properties. grouped/ individual
movements Treatment may Treatment commercial adjacent
control some may properties and properties
aspects of involve community
traffic preservation facilities
operation to of
ameliorate aspects of
impacts local amenity
in balance
with traffic
operation
LEVEL 4: DESIGN
• according to relevant guidelines and codes including subdivision guidelines JKR, JBPD Guides, Malaysian Planning Standards
ANALYSIS: ROAD HIERARCHY