Art Appreciation Study Quiz #3

Beau Connors

1. Lorenzo Ghiberti, Donatello’s teacher, won the competition

to design the doors of the baptistery for the cathedral of

Florence. The innovation discovered in between 1401 and

1425 was the system of linear perspective. It had been

discovered, described, and published, and Ghiberti took full

advantage of the possibilities he could apply to his new set

of doors.

2. The three dominating ideas of the Florentine Renaissance

were classical humanism, scientific naturalism, and

individualism.

3. Filippo Brunelleschi created linear perspective.

4. The artist Piero della Francesca was the first to correctly use

linear perspective in a painting.

5. The term “Renaissance Man” means a man who has broad

intellectual interests and is accomplished in areas of both

 the arts and the sciences. Leonardo Da Vinci was recognized

as being the first with this title.

6. Botticelli became the most representative artist of the

humanistic thought that dominated the latter part of the

fourteenth century. He painted not for a large public, but for

a cultivated audience of initiates.

7. The statue of David differs from older Greek sculpture in

many ways. The Greeks knew how bodies looked on the

outside, and Michelangelo knew how they looked on the

inside, and how they worked, because he studied human

anatomy and had dissected corpses. He translated his

knowledge into a figure that seems to be made of muscle

and flesh and bone, although it was made out of marble. It

has a tension of energy that Greek art failed to capture.

David is not so much standing in repose as standing in

readiness. Classical Greek sculptures tended to have calm

and even vacant facial expressions, but David is young and

vibrant, and has somewhat of an angry expression on his

face. Michelangelo created this sculpture.

8. The Northern Renaissance happened in northern countries of

France. Instead of the exciting series of discoveries that

make the Italian Renaissance such a good story, the

Northern Renaissance style evolved gradually out of the late

Middle Ages, as artists became increasingly entranced with

the myriad details of the visible world and better and better

at capturing them. The Italian Renaissance artists lived

among the ruins of Rome, and shared the Italian’s sense of a

personal link to the creators of the Classical past.

9. Comparing Tintoretto’s versions of The Last Supper to

Leonardo’s High Renaissance fresco, you can see what was

internalized, subtle, and intellectual has her become

externalized, exaggerated, and emotional. Tintoretto’s work

used the dramatic use of light, the theatricality, the

heightened emotionalism, and even the diagonal

composition were all new stylistic achievements that

Leonardo didn’t create.

10. Teresa was a Spanish mystic, founder of a strict order

of nuns, and an important figure in the Counter-Reformation.

 She claimed to be subject for many years to religious

trances, in which she saw visions of Heaven and Hell and

was visited by angels. It is in the throes of such a vision that

Bernini has portrayed her.

11. Renaissance art focused on classical humanism,

scientific naturalism, and individualism. Some of the qualities

most frequently associated with the Baroque are grandeur,

sensuous richness, drama, vitality, movement, tension,

emotional exuberance, and a tendency to blur distinctions

between the carious arts.

12. The catalyst for the shift to Baroque Art happened in a

series of events. The Council of Trent met to meet the

challenge of the Reformation and its threat to the Catholic

Church. As a result of the council's recommendations, bold

humanistic thinking was transformed into violent reaction.

The Counter Reformation led to a strict adherence to church

doctrines.

13. Two key artists of the Baroque Period were Caravaggio

and Bernini. They were considered to be the most important.

14. Borromini inverted the whole system of Greek and

Roman architecture, without offering a substitute.

15. One follower of Caravaggio was Rubens.

16. The Palace of Versailles occupies around 200 acres,

including the extensive formal gardens and several grand

chateaux.

17. The main characteristics of Aristocratic Baroque came

from Louis XVI. Paris became the intellectual and aristocratic

capitol of the world during the reign of him. He held total

control and absolute power over the state. He was pompous

and pretentious and his portrait formed part of the illusion

behind the divine right of kings. The Versailles Palace was a

symbol of his absolute monarchy.

18. The word “Rococo” was a play on the word baroque, but it

also refers to the French words for rocks, and shells, forms

that appeared as decorative motifs in architecture, furniture,

and occasionally in painting.

19. The defining characteristics of the Rococo style were that it

was more intimate, suitable for the aristocratic home and

the drawing room. Baroque colors are intense; Rococo leans

more toward the gentle pastels. Baroque is large in scale,

massive, dramatic; Rococo has a smaller scale and a

lighthearted, playful quality.

20. Important artist of the Rococo style were Watteau,

Boucher, Fragonard, Houdon, and Chardin.

21. Genre painting is based on scenes from everyday life,

of ordinary people in work or recreation, depicted in

generally a realistic manner.

22. Jacques-Louis David made the painting “The Oath of the

Horatii.” He painted virtues associated with the Roman

Republic. Europe was newly fascinated by the Classical past,

and their interest was encouraged by rulers and social

thinkers hoping to foster civic virtues such as patriotism,

stoicism, self sacrifice, and frugality. In the painting, all of

these traits were exhibited.

23. Elisabeth Vigee- Lebrun was the queen’s favorite

portrait painter. Inspired in part by the sparseness of

classical costume, and in part by an ideal of the “innocent

country girl” she coaxed her highborn models. The image

confirmed the public’s worst suspicions: their queen was

frivolous and flirtatious. The country soon went into a

revolution and the queen was hung at the guillotine.

24. Marat was a revolutionary leader in the Neoclassicism

period. He pursued the goal of wiping out France’s greedy

and corrupt aristocracy. He was responsible for the

execution by guillotine of hundreds of people. Because of a

painful skin ailment, Marat spent his days in the bathtub,

which was fitted out with a wiring desk so he could work, and

there he received callers. A woman gained entry to his

apartment and stabbed him to death. He is shown in the

death of Marat as a secular Christ martyred for the

revolution.