Comparative Study of Thums Up and Pepsi

CHAPTER 1
INDUSTRY PROFILE
Navnirman Institute of Management

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A drink or beverage is a liquid which is specifically prepared for human consumption.
In addition to filling a basic human need, beverages form part of the culture of human
society. Types of beverages:
Water
Despite the fact that all beverages contain water, water itself is not classed as a
beverage. The word beverage has traditionally been defined as not referring to water.
Alcoholic beverages
An alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethanol, commonly known as alcohol

(although in chemistry the definition of "alcohol" includes many other compounds).
Beer has been a part of human culture for 8,000 years. In Germany, Ireland, the United
Kingdom, and many other European countries, drinking beer (and other alcoholic
beverages) in a local bar or pub is a cultural tradition.
Non-alcoholic beverages
Non-alcoholic beverages are drinks that usually contain alcohol, such as beer and wine,
but contain less than 0.5% alcohol by volume. This category includes low-alcohol beer,
non-alcoholic wine, and apple cider.
Fruit juice
Fruit juice is a natural product that contains few additives, or none. Citrus products such
as orange juice and tangerine juice are very familiar breakfast beverages. Grapefruit
juice, pineapple, apple, grape, lime, and lemon juice are also familiar products. Coconut
water is a highly nutritious and refreshing juice
Many kinds of berries are crushed and their juices mixed with water and sometimes
sweetened. Raspberry, blackberry and currants are often popular juices drinks but the

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percentage of water also determines their nutritive value. Juices were probably
humankind's earliest drinks besides water. Grapes juice that was allowed to ferment
produced the alcoholic drink wine.
Fruits are highly perishable and so the ability to create juices and store them was of
significant value. Some fruits are highly acidic and mixing them with additional water
and sugars or honey was often necessary to make them palatable. Early storage of fruit
juices was labor intensive, requiring the crushing of the fruits and the mixing of the
resulting pure juices with sugars before bottling and capping them.
Orange juice and coconut water remain by far the most highly consumed juices on the
market and are there because of their valuable nutrients and hydration abilities.
Hot beverages
A hot beverage is any beverage which is normally served heated. This may be through
the addition of a heated liquid, such as water or milk, or by directly heating the
beverage itself. Some examples of hot beverages are:
• Coffee-based beverages
o Café au lait
o Cappuccino
o Coffee
o Espresso
o Frappé
o Flavored coffees (mocha etc.)
o Latte
• Hot chocolate
• Horlicks
• Hot cider

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o Mulled cider
• Glühwein
• Tea-based beverages
o Flavored teas (chai etc.)
o Green tea
o Pearl milk tea
o Tea
Soft drinks
The term "soft drink" specifies the absence of alcohol in contrast to "hard drink" and
"drink". "Drink" is nominally neutral but often connotes alcoholic content.
Beverages such as soda pop, sparkling water, iced tea, lemonade, squash, and fruit
punch are the most common soft drinks. Milk, hot chocolate, tea, coffee, milkshakes,
and tap water are not considered to be soft drinks.
Some carbonated soft drinks are available in versions that are sweetened with a sugar
substitute.
Any drink that is not hard liquor can be referred to as a 'soft drink'; however, in this
piece 'soft drink' refers to carbonated, sweetened beverages also known as soda or soda
pop. Following are the various companies which manufacture soft drinks:
• Pepsi Co.
• Coca Cola
• RC Cola
• Perrier
• Drinko
• Bundaberg
• Kirks

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Market Share in India
These two soft drink companies (Coca cola &Pepsi) acquire the major share of the soft
drink Industry and always remain in the war to get the majority of market share with
each other. These companies always be pioneer in using various innovative technology
and method to become the market leader. These companies present the world new
innovative ways of doing the marketing and how take advantage of various
opportunities and how to use your strength in a better way.
In India currently colas (carbonated soft drinks) products comprises 61% and non-cola
segment constitutes 36% of the total soft drink market whereas 2% is covered under
other various drinks like apple juice, cold coffee, cold tea etc.
Market share in U.S.A
U.S. non-alcoholic beverage market share, by volume

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CHAPTER 2
COMPANY PROFILE

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1965 Milestones
PepsiCo, Inc. is founded by Donald M. Kendall, President and Chief Executive
Officer of Pepsi-Cola and Herman W. Lay, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
of Frito-Lay, through the merger of the two companies. Pepsi-Cola was created in
the late 1890s by Caleb Bradham, a New Bern, N.C. pharmacist. Frito-Lay, Inc. was
formed by the 1961 merger of the Frito Company, founded by Elmer Doolin in
1932, and the H. W. Lay Company, founded by Herman Wale, also in 1932.
Herman Lay is chairman of the Board of Directors of the new company; Donald M.
Kendall is president and chief executive officer. The new company reports sales of
$510 million and has 19,000 employees. Major products of the new companies are:
• Pepsi-Cola Company - Pepsi-Cola (formulated in 1898), Diet Pepsi

(1964) and Mountain Dew (introduced by Tip Corporation in 1948).
• Frito-Lay, Inc. - Fritos brand corn chips (created by Elmer Doolin in
1932), Lay's brand potato chips (created by Herman W. Lay in
1938), Cheetos brand cheese flavored snacks (1948), Ruffles brand
potato chips (1958) and Rold Gold brand pretzels (acquired 1961).
• Mountain Dew launches its first campaign "Yahoo Mountain Dew ...
it'll tickle your innards."

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1970 Milestones
• PepsiCo sales pass the $1 billion mark. The company has 36,000 employees.
• PepsiCo moves from New York City to new world headquarters in Purchase,
N.Y. The new corporate headquarters feature a building by one of America's
foremost architects, Edward Durrell Stone (1902-1978), set on a campus of 144
acres amid an outdoor sculpture garden.
• Frito-Lay begins a program of expansion. Over the next decade, the company
opens, on average, more than one new plant a year.
• W.C. Fritos is introduced as Frito-Lay's new advertising mascot.
• Wilson Sporting Goods, a top name in sports equipment, joins PepsiCo. It is
divested in 1985.
• Pepsi introduces the industry's first two-liter bottle.
• Pepsi is the first company to respond to consumer preference with lightweight,
recyclable, plastic bottles.
1975 Milestones
• PepsiCo has 49,000 employees

• Pepsi Light, with a distinctive lemon taste, is introduced as an alternative to
traditional diet colas.

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1980 Milestones
• PepsiCo Food Service International (PFSI) is formed to focus on overseas

development of restaurants.
• PepsiCo now has 111,000 employees.
• First presentation of the international Donald M. Kendall Bottler-of-the-Year
Award.
• Frito-Lay begins nationwide roll-out of Grandma's brand cookies.
• Garden designer Russell Page (1906-1985) begins to extend the gardens at
PepsiCo.
• Pepsi is #1 in sales in take-home market.
1985 Milestones
• PepsiCo is now the largest company in the beverage industry. The

company has revenues of more than $7.5 billion, more than 137,000 employees.
• Pepsi-Cola products are available in nearly 150 countries and territories
around the world. Snack food operations are in 10 international markets.
• Frito-Lay expands into new headquarters in Plano, Texa

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• PepsiCo's first line of sweet snacks, Sonrics, is added in Mexico.
• The cola war takes "one giant sip for mankind," when a Pepsi "space
can" is successfully tested aboard the space shuttle.
• Pepsi's successful "Entertainment Marketing" strategy is extended, with
singers Lionel Richie and Tina Turner and actor Michael J. Fox, among others.
• Pepsi distributes products in China.
1990 Milestones
• PepsiCo stock splits three-for-one.
• PepsiCo acquires a controlling interest in Gamesa, Mexico's largest cookie
company.
• Frito-Lay advertising for Doritos brand tortilla chips features talk celebrity Jay
Leno.
• PepsiCo signs the largest commercial trade agreement in history with the Soviet
Union.
• PepsiCo profits exceed $1 billion for the first time.
1995 Milestones
• Pepsi-Cola introduces "Nothing else is a Pepsi" theme line.

• Pepsi-Cola is top ad scorer in Super Bowl.
• Mountain Dew sponsors the Grammy Awards. Theme line is "Been
There, Done That, Tried That."
• The Pepsi Lipton Tea Partnership debuts new ad campaign emphasizing
"There's only one Original."
• Pepsi-Cola introduces Smooth Moos Smoothies, a line of low-fat dairy
shakes.

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• Frito-Lay aggressively expands its low/no-fat snack segment. Baked
Lays is introduced.
• Frito-Lay tests Baked Tostitos, Rold Gold Fat Free Pretzels, Ruffles
Reduced Fat Potato Chips and Tostitos fat-free salsas and black bean dip
brands. Campaign line is "Taste the fun, not the fat."
• PepsiCo will introduce Lay's brand potato chips in 20 markets
throughout the world.
2000 Milestones
• Pepsi-Cola revives its "Pepsi Challenge" advertising campaign. Challenge includes

Pepsi One and Diet Coke as well as regular cola.
• Pepsi-Cola teams up with Yahoo Inc., the biggest web navigation company, in a
multimedia marketing campaign aimed at teens and young adults.
• Tropicana, in a joint venture with Galaxy Foods Co., will introduce an icy smoothie
soy milk-and-fruit drink, made with juice, fruit puree along with soymilk and soy
protein.
• Aquafina brand bottled water becomes the best-selling brand of single-serve bottled
water in US retail channels.
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• PepsiStuff.com, a web site for merchandise, discounts and digital music files from
biggest names in movies, music, video games, apparel and sports is launched in
joint promotion with Yahoo.
• Pepsi-Cola launches "Sierra Mist" a caffeine-free, lemon/lime soda.
2009 Milestones
• PepsiCo is named to the 'Best Companies for Multi Cultural Women' list by
Working Mother magazine
• PepsiCo joins Ceres, a leading coalition of investors, environmental groups and
public interest organizations working to address sustainability efforts
• Near East brand launches two new products—Pearled Couscous side dish and
Near East Gourmet Meal Kits
• So Be Life water introduces two new zero-calorie flavors – Acai Fruit Punch
and Mango Melon
• Pepsi celebrates its 75th anniversary in Canada
• PepsiCo honored with 'Respect Award' for its commitment to diversity by the
Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network (GLSEN)
• PepsiCo-Almarai joint ventures acquires stake in Jordanian dairy company,
Teeba
• Frito-Lay Turkey honored with 'Environment-Friendly Industrial Plant' award
from the Kocaeli Chamber of Industry
• PepsiCo creates Baked Snacks North America Business Unit to meet consumers
interest in more nutritious snacks and foods
• PepsiCo opens new Russian beverage plant in Domodedovo, the largest bottling
plant in PepsiCo's global system

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Acquisitions and divestments
Between the late-1970s and the mid-1990s, PepsiCo expanded via acquisition of
businesses outside of its core focus of packaged food and beverage brands; however it
exited these non-core business lines largely in 1997, selling some, and spinning off
others into a new company named Tricon Global Restaurants, which later became
known as Yum! Brands, Inc. PepsiCo also previously owned several other brands that it
later sold, in order to allow it to return focus to its primary snack food and beverage
lines, according to investment analysts reporting on the divestments in 1997. Brands
formerly (no longer) owned by PepsiCo include: Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, KFC, Hot 'n
Now, East Side Mario's, D'Angelo Sandwich Shops,Chevys Fresh Mex, California
Pizza Kitchen, Stolichnaya (via licensed agreement), Wilson Sporting Goods and North
American Van Lines.
The divestments concluding in 2007 were followed by multiple large-scale acquisitions,

as PepsiCo began to extend its operations beyond soft drinks and snack foods into other
lines of foods and beverages. PepsiCo purchased the orange juice company Tropicana
Products in 1998, and merged with Quaker Oats Company in 2001, adding with it the
Gatorade sports drink line and other Quaker Oats brands such as Chewy Granola Bars
and Aunt Jemima, among others.
In August 2009, PepsiCo made a $7 billion offer to acquire the two largest bottlers of
its products in North America: Pepsi Bottling Group and Pepsi Americas. In 2010 this
acquisition was completed, resulting in the formation of a new wholly owned
subsidiary of PepsiCo, Pepsi Beverages Company. Also in late 2010, the company
made its largest international acquisition when it purchased a majority stake in Wimm-
Bill-Dann Foods - a Russian food company which produces milk, yogurt, fruit juices
and dairy products.

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Competition
The Coca-Cola Company has historically been considered PepsiCo’s primary

competitor in the beverage market, and in December 2005, PepsiCo surpassed The
Coca-Cola Company in market value for the first time in 112 years since both
companies began to compete. In 2009, the Coca-Cola Company held a higher market
share in carbonated soft drink sales within the U.S. In the same year, PepsiCo
maintained a higher share of the U.S. refreshment beverage market, however, reflecting
the differences in product lines between the two companies. As a result of mergers,
acquisitions and partnerships pursued by PepsiCo in the 1990s and 2000s, its business
has shifted to include a broader product base, including foods, snacks and beverages.
The majority of PepsiCo's revenues no longer come from the production and sale of
carbonated soft drinks. Beverages accounted for less than 50 percent of its total revenue
in 2009. In the same year, slightly more than 60 percent of PepsiCo's beverage sales
came from its primary non-carbonated brands, namely Gatorade and Tropicana.
PepsiCo's Frito-Lay and Quaker Oats brands hold a significant share of the U.S. snack
food market, accounting for approximately 39 percent of U.S. snack food sales in 2009.
One of PepsiCo's primary competitors in the snack food market overall is Kraft Foods,
which in the same year held 11 percent of the U.S. snack market share.

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Products and brands
PepsiCo’s product mix as of 2009 (based on worldwide net revenue) consists of 63

percent foods, and 37 percent beverages. On a worldwide basis, the company’s current
products lines include several hundred brands that in 2009 were estimated to have
generated approximately $108 billion in cumulative annual retail sales. The primary
identifier of companies' main brands within the food and beverage industry are those
which generate annual sales exceeding $1 billion, and 19 of PepsiCo's brands met this
description as of 2009: Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew, Lay's, Gatorade, Tropicana, 7Up,
Doritos, Lipton Teas, Quaker Foods, Cheetos, Mirinda, Ruffles, Aquafina, Pepsi Max,
Tostitos, Sierra Mist, Fritos, and Walker's.
Snacks Tropicana Health Drink

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Energy Drink Quaker Oats
Aquafina mineral water Lipton tea

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Pepsi 7 up
Mirinda Mountain Dew

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History
The pharmacy of Caleb Bradham, with a Pepsi dispenser, as portrayed in a New Bern
exhibition in the Historical Museum of Bern.
Pepsi was first introduced as "Brad's Drink" in New Bern, North Carolina in 1898 by
Caleb Bradham, who made it at his home where the drink was sold. It was later named
Pepsi Cola, possibly due to the digestive enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the
recipe. Bradham sought to create a fountain drink that was delicious and would aid in
digestion and boost energy. In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from
his drugstore to a rented warehouse.
That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-
ounce bottles, and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1909, automobile race pioneer
Barney Oldfield was the first celebrity to endorse Pepsi-Cola, describing as "A bully
drink...refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race." The advertising theme
"Delicious and Healthful" was then used over the next two decades. In 1926, Pepsi
received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In 1929, the logo was
changed again.
In 1931, at the depth of the Great Depression, the Pepsi-Cola Company entered
bankruptcy - in large part due to financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly
fluctuating sugar prices as a result of World War I. Assets were sold and Roy C.
Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark.

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Eight years later, the company went bankrupt again. Pepsi's assets were then purchased
by Charles Guth, the President of Loft Inc. Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail
stores that contained soda fountains.
He sought to replace Coca-Cola at his stores' fountains after Coke refused to give him a
discount on syrup. Guth then had Loft's chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup
formula.
On three separate occasions between 1922 and 1933, the Coca-Cola Company was
offered the opportunity to purchase the Pepsi-Cola company and it declined on each
occasion.
Pepsi-Cola trademark
The original stylized Pepsi-Cola logo
The second stylized Pepsi-Cola logo

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Niche marketing
1940s advertisement specifically targeting African Americans
Walter Mack was named the new President of Pepsi-Cola and guided the company
through the 1940s. Mack, who supported progressive causes, noticed that the company's
strategy of using advertising for a general audience either ignored African Americans or
used ethnic stereotypes in portraying blacks.
He realized African Americans were an untapped niche market and that Pepsi stood to
gain market share by targeting its advertising directly towards them. To this end, he
hired Hennan Smith, an advertising executive "from the Negro newspaper field to lead
an all-black sales team, which had to be cut due to the onset of World War II. In 1947,
Mack resumed his efforts, hiring Edward F. Boyd to lead a twelve-man team. They
came up with advertising portraying black Americans in a positive light, such as one
with a smiling mother holding a six pack of Pepsi while her son (a young Ron Brown,
who grew up to be Secretary of Commerce) reaches up for one. Another ad campaign,
titled "Leaders in Their Fields", profiled twenty prominent African Americans such as
Nobel Peace Prize winner Ralph Bunche and photographer Gordon Parks.

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Boyd also led a sales team composed entirely of blacks around the country to promote
Pepsi. Racial segregation and Jim Crow laws were still in place throughout much of the
U.S.; Boyd's team faced a great deal of discrimination as a result, from insults by Pepsi
co-workers to threats by the Ku Klux Klan. On the other hand, they were able to use
racism as a selling point, attacking Coke's reluctance to hire blacks and support by the
chairman of Coke for segregationist Governor of Georgia Herman Talmadge. As a
result, Pepsi's market share as compared to Coke's shot up dramatically. After the sales
team visited Chicago, Pepsi's share in the city overtook that of Coke for the first time.
This focus on the market for black people caused some consternation within the
company and among its affiliates. They did not want to seem focused on black
customers for fear white customers would be pushed away. In a meeting at the
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, Mack tried to assuage the 500 bottlers in attendance by
pandering to them, saying, "We don't want it to become known as a nigger drink. After
Mack left the company in 1950, support for the black sales team faded.

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Marketing
• Pepsi logo (1970-87). In 1987, the font was modified slightly to a more rounded
version which was used until 1991.
• Old Pepsi can with "rounded" logo version (1987-1991).
• Pepsi logo (2003-2008).

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Atlanta beginnings (1886-1892)
Like many people who change history, John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist, was
inspired by simple curiosity. One afternoon, he stirred up a fragrant, caramel-colored
liquid and, when it was done, he carried it a few doors down to Jacobs' Pharmacy. Here,
the mixture was combined with carbonated water and sampled by customers who all
agreed -- this new drink was something special. So Jacobs' Pharmacy put it on sale for
five cents a glass.
Pemberton's bookkeeper, Frank Robinson, named the mixture Coca-Cola®, and wrote
it out in his distinct script. To this day, Coca-Cola is written the same way. In the first
year, Pemberton sold just 9 glasses. In the first year, Pemberton sold just 9 glasses of
Coca-Cola a day.
A century later, The Coca-Cola Company has produced more than 10 billion gallons of
syrup. Unfortunately for Pemberton, he died in 1888 without realizing the success of
the beverage he had created.
Over the course of three years, 1888-1891, Atlanta businessman Asa Griggs Candler
secured rights to the business for a total of about $2,300. Candler would become the
Company's first president, and the first to bring real vision to the business and the
brand.

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Beyond Atlanta (1893-1904)
Asa G. Candler, a natural born salesman, transformed Coca-Cola from an invention into
a business. He knew there were thirsty people out there, and Candler found brilliant and
innovative ways to introduce them to this exciting new refreshment. He gave away
coupons for complimentary first tastes of Coca-Cola, and outfitted distributing
pharmacists with clocks, urns, calendars and apothecary scales bearing the Coca-Cola
brand. People saw Coca-Cola everywhere, and the aggressive promotion worked. By
1895, Candler had built syrup plants in Chicago, Dallas and Los Angeles.
Inevitably, the soda's popularity led to a demand for it to be enjoyed in new ways. In
1894, a Mississippi businessman named Joseph Biedenharn became the first to put
Coca-Cola in bottles. He sent 12 of them to Candler, who responded without
enthusiasm. Despite being a brilliant and innovative businessman, he didn't realize then
that the future of Coca-Cola would be with portable, bottled beverages customers could
take anywhere. He still didn't realize it five years later, when, in 1899, two Chattanooga
lawyers, Benjamin F. Thomas and Joseph B. Whitehead, secured exclusive rights from
Candler to bottle and sell the beverage -- for the sum of only one dollar.
Safe guarding the brand (1905-1918)
Imitation may be the sincerest form of flattery, but The Coca-Cola Company was none
too pleased about the proliferation of copycat beverages taking advantage of its success.
This was a great product, and a great brand. Both needed to be protected. Advertising
focused on the authenticity of Coca-Cola, urging consumers to "Demand the genuine"
and "Accept no substitute."
The Company also decided to create a distinctive bottle shape to assure people they
were actually getting a real Coca-Cola. The Root Glass Company of Terre Haute,

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Indiana, won a contest to design a bottle that could be recognized in the dark. In 1916,
they began manufacturing the famous contour bottle.
The contour bottle, which remains the signature shape of Coca-Cola today, was chosen
for its attractive appearance, original design and the fact that, even in the dark, you
could identify the genuine article.
Imitation may be the sincerest form of flattery, but The Coca-Cola Company was none
too pleased about the proliferation of copycat beverages taking advantage of its success.
This was a great product, and a great brand. Both needed to be protected. Advertising
focused on the authenticity of Coca-Cola, urging consumers to "Demand the genuine"
and "Accept no substitute."
The Company also decided to create a distinctive bottle shape to assure people they
were actually getting a real Coca-Cola. The Root Glass Company of Terre Haute,
Indiana, won a contest to design a bottle that could be recognized in the dark. In 1916,
they began manufacturing the famous contour bottle. The contour bottle, which remains
the signature shape of Coca-Cola today, was chosen for its attractive appearance,
original design and the fact that, even in the dark, you could identify the genuine article.
The woodruff legacy (1919-1940)
Perhaps no person had more impact on The Coca-Cola Company than Robert
Woodruff. In 1923, four years after his father Ernest purchased the Company from Asa
Candler, Woodruff became the Company president. While Candler had introduced the
U.S. to Coca-Cola, Woodruff would spend more than 60 years as Company leader
introducing the beverage to the world beyond.
Woodruff was a marketing genius who saw opportunities for expansion everywhere. He
led the expansion of Coca-Cola overseas and in 1928 introduced Coca-Cola to the

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Olympic Games for the first time when Coca-Cola traveled with the U.S. team to the
1928 Amsterdam Olympics.
Woodruff pushed development and distribution of the six-pack, the open top cooler,
and many other innovations that made it easier for people to drink Coca-Cola at home
or away. This new thinking made Coca-Cola not just a huge success, but a big part of
people's lives.
The war and its legacy (1941-1959)
In 1941, America entered World War II. Thousands of men and women were sent
overseas. The country, and Coca-Cola, rallied behind them. Woodruff ordered that
"every man in uniform gets a bottle of Coca-Cola for 5 cents, wherever he is, and
whatever it costs the Company." In 1943, General Dwight D. Eisenhower sent an
urgent cablegram to Coca-Cola, requesting shipment of materials for 10 bottling plants.
During the war, many people enjoyed their first taste of the beverage, and when peace
finally came, the foundations were laid for Coca-Cola to do business overseas.
Woodruff’s vision that Coca-Cola be placed within "arm's reach of desire," was
coming true -- from the mid-1940s until 1960, the number of countries with bottling
operations nearly doubled. Post-war America was alive with optimism and prosperity.
Coca-Cola was part of a fun, carefree American lifestyle, and the imagery of its
advertising -- happy couples at the drive-in, carefree moms driving big yellow
convertibles -- reflected the spirit of the times.
The world of customer ((1960-1981)
In 1941, America entered World War II. Thousands of men and women were sent
overseas. The country, and Coca-Cola, rallied behind them. Woodruff ordered that
"every man in uniform gets a bottle of Coca-Cola for 5 cents, wherever he is, and
whatever it costs the Company." In 1943, General Dwight D. Eisenhower sent an
urgent cablegram to Coca-Cola, requesting shipment of materials for 10 bottling plants.

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During the war, many people enjoyed their first taste of the beverage, and when peace
finally came, the foundations were laid for Coca-Cola to do business overseas.
Woodruff’s vision that Coca-Cola be placed within "arm's reach of desire," was coming
true -- from the mid-1940s until 1960, the number of countries with bottling operations
nearly doubled. Post-war America was alive with optimism and prosperity. Coca-Cola
was part of a fun, carefree American lifestyle, and the imagery of its advertising --
happy couples at the drive-in, carefree moms driving big yellow convertibles --
reflected the spirit of the times.
Diet coke and new coke (1982-1989)
The 1980s -- the era of legwarmers, headbands and the fitness craze, and a time of
much change and innovation at The Coca-Cola Company. In 1981, Roberto C.
Goizueta became chairman of The Board of Directors and CEO of The Coca-Cola
Company. Goizueta, who fled Castro's Cuba in 1961, completely overhauled the
Company with a strategy he called "intelligent risk taking."
Among his bold moves was organizing the numerous U.S. bottling operations into a
new public company, Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. He also led the introduction of diet
Coke®, the very first extension of the Coca-Cola trademark; within two years, it had
become the top low-calorie drink in the world, second in success only to Coca-Cola.
One of Goizueta's other initiatives, in 1985, was the release of a new taste for Coca-
Cola, the first change in formulation in 99 years. In taste tests, people loved the new
formula, commonly called “new Coke.” In the real world, they had a deep emotional
attachment to the original, and they begged and pleaded to get it back. Critics called it
the biggest marketing blunder ever. But the Company listened, and the original formula
was returned to the market as Coca-Cola classic®, and the product began to increase its
lead over the competition -- a lead that continues to this day.

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New markets and brands (1990-1999)
The 1990s were a time of continued growth for The Coca-Cola Company. The
Company's long association with sports was strengthened during this decade, with
ongoing support of the Olympic Games, FIFA World Cup™ football (soccer), Rugby
World Cup and the National Basketball Association. Coca-Cola classic became the
Official Soft Drink of NASCAR racing, connecting the brand with one of the world's
fastest growing and most popular spectator sports.
And 1993 saw the introduction of the popular "Always Coca-Cola" advertising
campaign, and the world met the lovable Coca-Cola Polar Bear for the first time. New
markets opened up as Coca-Cola products were sold in East Germany in 1990 and
returned to India in 1993.
New beverages joined the Company's line-up, including PowerAde sports drink, Qoo
children's fruit drink and Dasani bottled water.
Coca cola now (2000- now)
In 1886, Coca-Cola® brought refreshment to patrons of a small Atlanta pharmacy. Now

well into its second century, the Company's goal is to provide magic every time
someone drinks one of its more than 500 brands. Coca-Cola has fans from Boston to
Budapest to Bahrain, drinking brands such as Ambasa, Vegitabeta and Frescolita. In the
remotest comers of the globe, you can still find Coca-Cola.
Coca-Cola is committed to local markets, paying attention to what people from

different cultures and backgrounds like to drink, and where and how they want to drink

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it. With its bottling partners, the Company reaches out to the local communities it
serves, believing that Coca-Cola exists to benefit and refresh everyone it touches.
Products and Brands
Maaza Limca Kinley soda
Minute maid Kinley mineral water Sprite

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Coca cola Thums up Fanta
Thums Up is a best-selling brand of cola in India where its bold, red thumbs up logo is
common. It is similar in flavor to other colas but has a taste reminiscent of betel nut.
Introduced in 1977 to offset the expulsion of The Coca-Cola Company and other
foreign companies from India, Thums Up, Limca, and Campa Cola gained nationwide
acceptance. The brand was bought out by Coca-Cola who re-launched it in order to
compete against Pepsi.
Background
During the late 1970s, the American cola giant Coca-

Cola abandoned operations in India rather than make a
forced sale of 60% of their equity to an Indian
company. Following this, the Parle brothers, Ramesh
Chauhan and Prakash Chauhan, along with then CEO Bhanu Vakil, launched Thums
Up as their flagship drink, adding to their portfolio of older brands Limca (lime flavor)
and Gold Spot (orange flavor). Thums Up was basically a cola drink, but the company

30
never claimed it as such. The formula was just as closely guarded as the famous Coke
formula. During the same time, the owners of Coca-Cola’s bottling plant, Pure Drinks
Ltd., launched Campa Cola and Campa Orange, both of which had a higher dose of
carbon dioxide.
Typical bottle of Thums Up
The Thums Up logo was a red 'thumbs up' hand

gesture with a slanted white sans-serif typeface. This
would later be modified by Coca-Cola with blue strokes and a more modern-looking
typeface. This was mainly done to reduce the dominant red color in their signage. The
picture shows the Thums Up Mountain or, Thums Up pahaad (in Hindi), Manmad hills
which has a natural top like the thums up logo and is a popular sight from trains. Its
famous caption until the early 1980s was, “Happy days are here again”, coined by then
famous copywriter Vasant Kumar, whose father was spiritual philosopher U. G.
Krishnamurti. The caption became "I want My Thunder." It is currently "Taste the
thunder!"
Thums Up enjoyed a near monopoly with a much stronger market share often
overshadowing its other rivals like Campa cola, Double seven and Dukes, but there
were many small regional players who had their own market. It even withstood liquor
giant United Breweries Group (makers of Kingfisher Beer) Mcdowell's Crush, which
was another Cola drink, and Double Cola.
It was one of the major advertisers throughout the 1980s. In the mid-80’s it had a brief
threat from a newcomer Double Cola which suddenly disappeared within a few years.

31
In 1990, when the Indian government opened the market to multinationals, Pepsi was
the first to come in. Thums Up went up against the international giant for an intense
onslaught with neither side giving any quarter. With Pepsi roping in major Indian
movie stars like Juhi Chawla, to thwart the Indian brand, Thums Up increased its
spending on Cricket sponsorship. Then the capacity went from 250ml to 300ml, aptly
named Maha Cola. This nickname gained popularity in smaller towns where people
would ask for "Maha Cola" instead of Thums Up. The consumers were divided where
some felt Pepsi’s mild taste was rather bland.
In 1993 Coca-Cola re-entered India after a prolonged absence from 1977 to 1993. But
Coca-Cola’s entry made things even more complicated and the fight became a three-
way battle. That same year, in a move that baffled many, Parle sold out to Coke for a
meagre US$ 60 million (considering the market share it had). Some assumed Parle had
lost the appetite for a fight against the two largest cola brands; others surmised that the
international brands seemingly endless cash reserves psyched-out Parle. Either way, it
was now Coca-Cola’s, and Coke has a habit of killing brands in its portfolio that might
overshadow it. Coca-Cola soon introduced its cola in cans which was all the rage in
India, with Thums Up introduced alongside, albeit in minuscule numbers. Later Coca-
Cola started pulling out the Thums Up brand which at that time still had more than 30%
market share.
Thums Up storms ahead
Thums Up went from being the only cola in the cantina to facing competition from both
Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Twenty-six years later it’s still a top cola in India and is one of
the strongest brands in the country across categories. The brand name’s positive
associations of victory, achievement and celebration are apparently merited as it
continues to do well despite a challenging landscape.

32
Thums Up’s first competition came in the form of Campa Cola. There were allegations
of aggressive exchanges between the two brands at street level but Thums Up (owned
by Parle at the time) apparently won the battle both on the ground and in the
consumer’s mind. Campa Cola discontinued in 2000. For a short while Thums Up’s
strong taste enjoyed success across the country with scarcely any competition; the
brand reigned supreme in the cola market (even though it did not refer to itself as a
cola). In 1990, the Indian government opened the market to international brands, and
Pepsi was the first in. Thums Up went up against the international giant for an intense
onslaught with neither side giving any quarter.
The entry of Coke, in 1993, made things even more complicated and the fight became a
three-way battle. That same year, in a move that baffled many, Parle sold out to Coke
for a mere US$ 60 million. Some assumed Parle had lost the appetite for a fight against
the two largest cola brands; others surmised that the international brands seemingly
endless cash reserves psyched-out Parle. Either way, it was now Coca-Cola’s, and Coke
has a habit of killing brands in its portfolio that might overshadow it.

33
Coca-Cola apparently did try to kill Thums Up, but soon realized that Pepsi would
benefit more than Coke if Thums Up was withdrawn from the market. Instead, Coke
decided to use Thums Up to attack Pepsi. Thums Up had the equity to take on Pepsi and
soon an all out war was on. In 2001 Thums Up took the battle to Pepsi by openly
challenging it to a blind taste test. The aggressive move was intimidating and
unexpected, turning the tables on Pepsi, which was now at the receiving end of a taste
challenge. The results from the challenge were in dispute from both ends but the battle
of the mind was won by Thums Up, whose advertising overshadowed the question of
accuracy. Still, despite its strong equity overall, the brand was losing its popularity
among the core cola drinking age group of 12 to 29 year olds.
The brand was positioned as a “manly” drink, drawing on its strong taste qualities.
Known to be a strong drink with more power packed into it than other colas, older
consumers mix it with rum for a “rum and Thums Up.”
The brand launched a campaign that focused on the strength of the drink, hoping that
the depiction as an “adult” drink would appeal to young consumers. “Grow up to
Thums Up” was a successful campaign. The brand’s market share and equity soared
northwards. The brand was unshakeable and Coca-Cola’s declaration that Thums Up
was India’s premier cola brand in terms of market share did not surprise many.
Other campaigns from Thums Up’s build on the “strength” of its cola and build
associations as a macho drink. Ads showing the Thums Up man riding through the
desert in search of a cantina that sells Thums Up rather than drink another cola stick in
the minds of many Indians and caught the imagination of youngsters who want to be
seen as men.

34
.
CHAPTER 3
THEORETICAL
FRAMEWORK

35
MARKETING MIX
Marketing mix was coined in 1953 by Neil Borden in his American Marketing
Association presidential address. However, this was actually a reformulation of an
earlier idea by his associate, James Culliton, who in 1948 described the role of the
marketing manager as a "mixer of ingredients", who sometimes follows recipes
prepared by others, sometimes prepares his own recipe as he goes along, sometimes
adapts a recipe from immediately available ingredients, and at other times invents new
ingredients no one else has tried. A prominent marketer, E. Jerome McCarthy, proposed
a Four P classification in 1960, which has seen wide use.
Product
Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo.

Invented in 1893 and introduced as "Brad's Drink", it was later renamed as Pepsi-Cola
on June 16, 1903.

36
Thums Up is a best-selling brand of cola in India, where its bold, red thumbs up logo is
common. It is similar in flavor to other colas but has a taste reminiscent of betel nut.
Introduced in 1977 to offset the expulsion of The Coca-Cola Company and other
foreign companies from India, Thums Up, Limca, and Campa Cola gained nationwide
acceptance. The brand was bought out by Coca-Cola who re-launched it in order to
compete against Pepsi.
Price
In economics and business, the price is the assigned

numerical monetary value of a good, service or asset.
Price is also central to marketing where it is one of the
four variables in the marketing mix that business people
use to develop a marketing plan. Pricing is a big part of the marketing mix. Choosing
the right price and the right pricing strategy is crucial to the marketing process. The
price of the product is not something that is fixed. On the other hand the price of the
product depends on many other factors. Some times the price of the product has got
nothing to do with the actual product itself. The price may act as a way to attract target
customers.
Pepsi

37
Pepsi again decides it price on the basis of competition. The best think about the
company Pepsi is that it is very flexible and it can come down with the price very
quickly. The company is renowned to bring the price down even up to half if needed.
But this risk taking attitude has also earned Pepsi losses. Though lowering the price
would attract the customers but it would not help them cover up the cost incurred in
production hence causing them losses. This was the situation earlier but now Pepsi is a
full-fledged and growing company. It has covered all its losses and is now growing at a
rapid rate.
Thums up
Earlier the price of thums up was costly i.e. it was decided on the cost which was spent
on making the product plus the profit and other expenses. But after the emergence of
other companies especially the likes of Pepsi, thums up started with a pricing strategy
based on the basis of competition. Nowadays more expenses are spent on advertising
soft-drink companies rather than on manufacturing.
Place
Place is a term that has a variety of meanings in a dictionary sense, but which is
principally used in a geographic sense as a noun to denote location, though in a sense of
a location identified with that which is located there.
In marketing, place refers to one of the 4 P's, defined as "the market place". It can mean
a geographic location, an industry, a group of people (a segment) to whom a company
wants to sell its products or services, such as young professional women (e.g. for
selling cosmetics) or middle-aged family men (e.g. for selling family cars).

38
Pepsi again has spread worldwide. Pepsi when entering a new market does not go in
alone but it looks for partners and mergers. Till now Pepsi has collaborated with
companies like Quaker Oats, Frito-lays, Lipton, Starbucks, etc.
Pepsi like Coke has spread all over the world. It is because of this worldwide spread
that now it is coming up with Advertisements which can be broadcasted in the different
nations in the world. The recent example with would be the Pepsi advertisements
having David Beckham as it brand ambassador.
Thums up has its market around the entire world. Its very popular in India.

39
Promotion
Promotion is one of the four aspects of marketing. Promotion comprises four
subcategories:
1. Advertising
2. Personal selling
3. Sales promotion
4. Publicity and public relations
The specification of these four variables creates a promotional mix or promotional plan.
A promotional mix specifies how much attention to pay to each of the four
subcategories, and how much money to budget for each. A promotional plan can have a
wide range of objectives, including: sales increases, new product acceptance, creation
of brand equity, positioning, competitive retaliations, or creation of a corporate image.
Pepsi has brand ambassadors such as Sachin Tendulkar, Shah Rukh Khan and Kareena
Kapoor etc. thums up has brand ambassadors such as Akshay Kumar, Salman Khan and
Cheeranjivi etc.

40
SEGMENTATION OF MARKET
A market segment consists of a group of customers who share a similar set of needs and
wants. Rather than creating the segment the marketer’s task is to identify them and
decide which one to target. Leading soft drinks thums up and Pepsi follow the similar
segmentation strategy for target marketing.
Mass Marketing
However in some of its popular product both the companies follow the mass marketing
strategy. In this type of segmentation, companies target the whole market and not any
particular segment of the population.
Target Marketing
Although the targeted group of the company is the whole population, they want to earn
more revenue from a segment than their other revenue generator sources. For this, they
recognize following bases for segmentation
1. Geographical Segmentation
• Region- Both companies treat hot countries such as Asia, Middle East and
African differently in comparison to cold countries. As in tropical countries,
consumption of soft drinks is 70% in summer and 30% in winter season while
in EUROPEAN countries its consumption is almost uniform. So soft drink
companies prefer different marketing strategies in Asian and European
countries. In countries like India and Pakistan, these companies invest huge
resources in the season of summers, and their target area is domestic users,
restaurants, school and college canteens and even rural chaupals.

41
• While in winter season their target is mainly party users and high-income
group consumers.
• Rural Vs. Urban Market- Population of Rural sector is more conscious more
about the price whereas Population of Urban sector is more conscious about the
quality and brand name of the product. So thums up and Pepsi in Year 2002
bring the 200 ml bottle at Rs.5 specifically targeted at the rural sector so that
soft drink can take place of the local drink like lemon, sugarcane juice and Tea
etc. Both the companies Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have adopted different
marketing strategy for rural and urban areas.
2. Demographic Segmentation
• Age- India is considered to be a young country i.e. average age of Indian

population is less 38 years. Thus targeting young generation can be a beneficial
marketing strategy for soft drink companies. In fact this is the case, all the major
brands like Pepsi, and thumps up, mainly target younger generation in India. In
Europe, as average population is older than Asian countries, Coca cola targeted
the older generation of the population. Similarly in USA, Pepsi targeted the
generation X (younger generation) as they comprises majority of the population
and they positioned Pepsi in the mind of youth that Pepsi is for the youth
• Gender- Gender based segmentation is very important. As taste of male and

female is different. Let’s take the example of coca cola, thumps up is promoted
as masculine soft drinks while coca cola and Fanta are having light taste and
mainly targeted for loving birds, ladies, and children. Same example is available
in Pepsi, mirinda’ orange flavor is popular among ladies, girls, and children.

42
PRODUCT MIX
A product is anything that can be offered to a market to satisfy a want or need,

including physical goods, services, experiences, events, persons, places, properties,
organizations, information, and ideas.
If we take the example of soft drink industry, then these companies not only sell soft
drinks in physical forms, but brands. A brand comprises of everything from beverages
to experiences. However in this chapter we shall try to understand and analyze the
product line and product classification of Pepsi and coca cola.
Product Life Cycle
To be able to market its product properly, a business must be aware of the product life
cycle of its product. The standard product life cycle tends to have five phases:
• Development
• Introduction
• Growth
• Maturity
• Decline
In America carbonated soft drink market is currently in the maturity stage, which is
evidenced primarily by the fact that they have a large loyal group of stable customers
but in the developing countries like carbonated soft drinks are in growth stage, which is
evidenced by looking at the per head consumption of 6 bottles in India is lagging
behind the us astounding 700 bottles per head consumption.

43
BRANDING
Brand is defined as a name, term, symbol, or design, or a combination of them,

intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to
differentiate them from those of competitors. A brand is thus a product or service that
adds dimension that differentiate it in some way, from other products or services
designed to satisfy the same need. These differences may be functional, rational, or
tangible, related to product performance of the brand. They may also be more symbolic,
emotional or intangible related to what brands represent.
1. Brand Name
A brand is the identity of a specific product, service, or business. A brand can take
many forms, including a name, sign, symbol, color combination or slogan. The word
brand began simply as a way to tell one person's cattle from another by means of a hot
iron stamp. A legally protected brand name is called a trademark. The word brand has
continued to evolve to encompass identity - it affects the personality of a product,
company or service.
2. Packaging
Thums up and Pepsi are much innovated in the packing of their product. These products
were introduced with different concept of packing. The Airtight bottle concept is given
by the Coca cola, which has revolutionized the bottling and packaging industry. These
Cola giant also introduced the different size of returnable glass bottle like 200ml, 300ml
and non- returnable plastic bottle like 600 ml, 1.5 litre and 2 litres of thums up
according to the need of the targeted customer. They also pioneer in bring Cans and
Frosted bottles in the market. Packing helps the brand to capture the desire target like

44
600ml packing is launched, as “express pack” so this is targeted to touring population
and this segment needs non-returnable bottles.
3. Labeling
Pepsi has associated it self to rich deep blue colour as blue colour represents eternal
youthness and openness that is appropriately consistence with the youth segment they
are targeting. Pepsi under the name of Project Globe Campaign spent 637 million
dollars over 5 years, to introduce the new rich deep blue colouring. So labeling helps
the brand to get attach with the targeted segment.
Attributes For Strongest Brand Share
According to a study done by scholars of HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW the

world’s strongest brands share following 10 attributes:
1. The brand excels at delivering the benefits consumers truly desire.

2. The brand stays relevant
3. The pricing strategy is based on consumer perceptions of value.
4. The brand is properly positioned.
5. The brand is consistent.
6. The brand portfolio and hierarchy make sense.
7. The brand makes use of and coordinates a full repertoire of marketing activities to
build equity.
8. The brand’s managers understand what the brand means to consumers.
9. The brand is given proper sustained support.
10. The company monitors sources of brand equity

45
Thumps Up Versus Pepsi
The latest row in the ongoing battle. The latest Coke’s strategy is to engage Pepsi in
war with Thumps up and playing safe with Coca-Cola. The latest ads of thumps up
which features Salman Khan tries to make fun of Pepsi and its sweeter taste. Pepsi also
has retaliated by its latest ad of Lehar Soda, which features a look alike of Salman Khan
at these data we can that for these two giant a lot of potential is there in developing
market which is now also untapped.

46
SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths
Pepsi and Thums up has been a complex part of world culture for a very long time. The
products image is loaded with over-romanticizing and fun, this is an image many
people have taken deeply to heart. Pepsi and Thums up are the extremely recognizable
brand, which is the greatest strength of them. Additionally there Bottling system is one
of their greatest strengths. This allows them to the conduct business on a global scale
while at the same time maintain a local approach. The bottling companies are locally
owned and operated by independent business people who are authorized to sell product
of these cola giant. PepsiCo and Coca cola are having the largest distribution network
in the world, which is also there one of the greatest strength.
Weaknesses
Weaknesses for any business need to be both minimized and monitored in order to
effectively achieve productivity and efficiency in their business activities. Although the
international sales are increases but there is getting saturation evident through the
stability in cola drink in USA market and moreover all over the world the customer
preference for cola drink is shifting towards the healthy drink is taking place. Being
addictive of cola drink is also a health problem, because drinking of carbonated soft
drink daily has an effect on your body also.

47
Opportunities
Brand recognition is the significant factor affecting Pepsi and Thums up competitive
position. Pepsi and Thums up brand are known well throughout 94% of world today. As
in developing countries the per head consumption of cola drink is very less which
evident from taking example of India. In India per head consumption is only 6 bottles
as compare to 700 bottles in USA and in Indian market only 5% of the beverage comes
under packaging. So looking at these data we can that for these two giant a lot of
potential is there in developing market which is now also untapped.
Threats
Currently, the threat of new viable competitors in the carbonated soft drink industry is
not very substantial. The threat of Substitute, however, is a very real threat. The soft
drink industry is very strong, but consumers are not necessarily married to it. Possible
substitutes that continuously put pressure on both Pepsi and Coke include tea, coffee,
juice, milk and hot chocolate. Even through the Coca cola and Pepsi control nearly 40%
of the entire beverage market, the changing health consciousness of the market could
have a serious affect. Of course, both have already diversified into these markets, but
still this Substitute will remain threat to them. Consumer buying power is also
represents a key threat to the Pepsi and Coke.

48
CHAPTER 4
RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
49
Objectives of the Study
To compare the products Pepsi (PepsiCo) and Thums up (coco cola) through consumer
survey.
The comparison study is often used in the business world as a means of identifying how
a given good or service compares to similar products offered by a competitor. In going
through the process of comparing each facet of the two items, it is often possible to
identify areas where both products perform at a similar rate of efficiency. At the same
time, comparative studies will often yield insights about areas where one product excels
in comparison with the other. Utilizing the results of the comparison study, it is possible
to develop some powerful tools that can be incorporated into corporate marketing
strategies and sales campaigns.
Type of research design: Research designs is concerned with turning the research
question into a testing project. The best design depends on our research questions.
Descriptive research design will be used as it is not possible to measure large no. of
samples. In this method the samples are observed in a natural and unchanged natural
environment.

50
Collection of data: In this study primary data is been taken. Primary data have been
collected through surveys. Personal interview technique has been used for conducting
the survey. Data collection has been done through the use of structured questionnaire.
Data collection techniques:
Sampling size - The sample size of a statistical sample is the number of observations
that constitute it. The sampling size for comparative study of Pepsi and Thums up is
100. 10 pilot surveys were also done.
Sampling Method - Convenient Sampling method was adopted for this study
Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where subjects are
selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to the researcher.
Sampling frame - In statistics, a sampling frame is the source material or device

from which a sample is drawn. It is a list of all those within a population who can be
sampled, and may include individuals, households or institutions. To compare the
products i.e. Pepsi and thums up the sampling frame was Surat city, within the Surat
city particularly in adajan area the survey was conducted to compare the two products
Sampling element - The sampling element for the study is the target audience i.e.
the people who consume soft drinks specifically Pepsi and thums up irrespective of age.
Survey tool- The survey tool used for comparing the two products is questionnaire. A
questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of a series of questions and other
prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.
The questionnaire was prepared and the Questionnaire consisted of both open and close
ended questions to elicit responses for the following areas:

51
i. Location.
ii. Age.
iii. Occupation.
iv. Monthly Income.
v. Amount spent on purchase of soft drinks
Analysis of data: The complete analysis is done through Pie charts which display
each value to total, bar graphs. A bar chart or bar graph is a chart with rectangular bars
with lengths proportional to the values that they represent.
Limitations of the Study:
• Time was not sufficient to conduct detailed study.

• Limited area was there to conduct the study.
• Respondent are very less in sample size to draw the conclusion.
• Some of the respondents were not willing to answer.
For few proper response the analysis was difficult which are as follows:
i. Chances of Switching
ii. Reason for Switching.
iii. Monthly Income.
iv. Comparative questions

52
CHAPTER 5

53
ANALYSIS AND
FINDINGS
ANALYSIS
1) How often do you take carbonated drinks?

Table 1
Time span No. of respondents

Daily 14
Fortnight 21
Weekly 31
Daily
Once in monthOnce in 34
14%
month
34% Fortnight
21%
Weekly
31% Navnirman Institute of Management
54
Fig 1: Consumption of carbonated drinks
Comments: After the survey it was found that most of the people prefer taking
carbonated drinks once in a month followed by taking it weekly then fortnight and
finally few go for taking the carbonated drinks daily.
2) Which cold drink is preferred mostly by you?

Table 2
Cold drinks No. of respondents

Pepsi 35
Thums up 27
Both 23
Others 15
Others
15%
Pepsi
35%
Both
23%
Thums up
27% Navnirman Institute of Management
55
Fig 2: Cold drink preferred by respondents
Comments: Out of 100 respondents 35 people preferred Pepsi followed by 27

preferring thums up then 23 of them using both the drinks simultaneously and there
were 15 such people who prefer other drinks such as Fanta, 7 up, Slice, Maaza etc.
3) Preference given to various criteria while selecting the cold

drink.
Pepsi
Table 3
Taste Availability Brand Image Advertisement

25
Rank 1 20 2 7 6
Rank 2 20 5 6 20 21
21 4
Rank
203 6 20 6 10
Rank 4 4 7 1 15
15
Rank 1
15
Rank 2
10 Rank 3
10
Rank 4
7 7
6 6 6 6
5
5 4 Navnirman Institute of Management
4
56 2
1
0
Taste Availability Brand im age Advertisem ent
Fig 3: Ranking according to the preferences of the respondents
Comments: While selecting the cold drink like Pepsi respondents give there first
preference to brand image followed by taste, availability and advertisement.
Thums up
Table 4
Rank 1 18 3 2 3
Rank 2 4 10 8 6
Rank 3 3 9 8 7
Rank 4 2 5 9 11
20
18
18
16
14
11 Rank 1
12
10 Rank 2
10 9 9
8 8 Rank 3
8 7
6 Rank 4
6 5
4
4 3 3 3
2 2
2
0
Taste Availability B rand image Adve rtis e me nt
Fig 4: Ranking according to the preferences of the respondents

57
Comments: After doing the survey it was found that the respondents who drink
thums up give more preference to taste and all other criteria’s are of secondary
importance.
Both
Table 5

Rank 1 12 3 3 4
12
Rank 2 11 3 5 10 5
11
Rank 3 5 4 6 7
10
Rank
10 4 4 11 4 7
8 7 7 Rank 1
6 Rank 2
6
5 5 5 Rank 3
4 4 4 4 Rank 4
4
3 3 3
0
Taste Availabilty Brand image Advertisement

58
4) Which cold drink is preferred mostly in the friend circle?
Table 6
Cold drink preferred in No. of respondents

friend circle
Pepsi 31
Thums up 34
Both 35
Both Pepsi
35% 31%
Thums up
34%

59
Fig 6: Cold drink preferred in the friend circle of the respondents
Comments: After the survey it was found that the cold drink preferred in the friend
circle of the respondent is some what both the drinks i.e. Pepsi and thums up followed
by thums up and then Pepsi.
5) How much is your consumption of cold drinks in a month?

Table 7
Consumption Pepsi Thums up Both

300ml- 600ml 15 11 6
600ml- 1.2ltr 6 6 2
1.2ltr- 2ltr 8 6 13
2ltr & above 6 4 2
16 15
14 13
12 11
10 300ml-600ml
8 600ml-1.2ltr
8
6 6 6 6 6 1.2ltr-2ltr
6 2ltr & more
4
4
2 2
2 Navnirman Institute of Management
60
0
Pepsi Thums up Both
Fig 7: Consumption of cold drinks in a month by respondents
Comments: After the survey it was found that the people who consume Pepsi
generally take 300ml- 600ml of cold drinks in a month followed by 1.2ltr – 2ltrs of cold
drink in a month. The one who consume thums up even they consume 300ml- 600ml of
cold drink in a month. It was found that the respondents who consume both the drink
consume around 1.2ltr- 2ltrs in a month.
6) During any occasion which cold drink is preferred by you

mostly?
Table 8
Cold drink preferred at No. of respondents

occasions
Pepsi 32
Thums up 28
Both 30
Others 10

61
Othe r
10%
Pe ps i
32%
Both
30%
Thum s up
28%
Fig 8: Cold drink preferred in different occasions
Comments: With the survey it was found that Pepsi is preferred by the respondents
at any occasion whether party or any festival followed by thums up even there are
people who prefer both these drinks at any occasion. Some also prefer other drinks at
different occasion such as Slice, Maaza, and Sprite etc.
7) Which packaging of cold drinks you prefer mostly?
Table 9
Packing No. of respondents

300ml 27
600ml 30
1.2ltr 18
2 ltr 300 m l
25% 27%
2ltr 25
1.2 ltr
18%
600 m l
30%
62
Pepsi Thums up Both
Definitely yes 10 6 5
Probably yes 10 9 10
Not sure 7 1 4
Probably no 4 8 3
Definitely no 4 3 1
Fig 9: Packing of cold rinks preferred by respondents
Comments: Respondents generally prefer 600 ml packaging for drinking the cold
drinks followed by the 300 ml bottles then 2ltrs bottles and finally 1.2ltrs.
8) Do promotional schemes affect the choice of cold drink?
Table 10

63
12
1010 10
10
9
8
8 Definitely yes
7
6 Probably yes
6 Not sure
5
Probably no
4 4 4
4 Definitely no
3 3
2
1 1
0
Fig 10: Influence
Pepsi of promotional
Thums schemes
up on choice
Bothof soft drinks
Comments: Through the survey it was found that most of the respondents who
consume Pepsi feel that promotional schemes affect the choice of selecting the cold
drinks where as the one who consume thums up were not sure of the statement and the
one who go for both the drinks said that it may probably affect towards the choice.
9) Does advertisement influence you to take cold drinks?
Table 11

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14 Pepsi Thums up Both
12Probably yes 10
11
11 12
Not sure 4 5 4
10 no
Probably 9 4 1
10
Definitely no 9 6 3 3 Definitely yes
8 Probably yes
6 6 Not sure
6 5 Probably no
4 4 4 4 Definitely no
4 3 3 3
2 1
0
Pepsi Thums up Both
Fig 11: Influence of advertisements on choice of soft drinks
consume Pepsi feel that advertisement probably affect the choice of cold drinks
whereas the one who consume thums up even they feel the same and also the one who
consume both drinks i.e. Pepsi and thums up.
10) Does brand endorsement influence you to take cold drinks?
Table 12

65
Fig 12: Influence of brand endorsements on choice of soft drinks
Pepsi Thums up Both

Probably yes 10
18 8
10 89
Not sure 5
10 63 31
Probably no 14 25 3
12
Definitely no 18 06 04
10
10 9
8 8 8
8 Definitely yes
6 6 Probably yes
6 5 5 5 Not sure
4 4 Probably no
4 Definitely no
3 3
2
1
0
Pepsi Thums up Both
consume these brands feel that brand endorsement may probably affect the choice of
selecting the cold drink.
11) How likely you going to use the same cold drink in future?
Table 13

66
20
18
18
16
Pepsi Thums up Both
14
Yes 23 19 18
No 12 8 5 Definitely yes
12
10 10 Probably yes
10 9 9 Not sure
8
8 Probably no
6 Definitely no
6 5
4 3 3
2
2 1 1
0 0
0
Pepsi Thums up Both
Fig 13: Chances of existing cold drink brand to be used in future by the respondents
consume Pepsi will definitely go for Pepsi in future. The one who consume thums up
will probably consume the same drink in future.
12) Would you like to recommend your favorite cold drink brand
to others?
Table 14

67
25 23
20 19
18
15
12 Yes
10
No
8
5
5
0
Pepsi Thums up Both
Fig 14: Recommendation of favorite cold drinks to others
Comments: Through the survey it was found that most of the respondents will
recommend the brand they consume to others.
13) Rating of the attributes of cold drink on basis of satisfaction
Pepsi
Table 15
Taste Brand image Availability Advertisement Quality

Poor 1 2 0 0 3
Average 7 5 3 4 3
Fairly good 9 9 6 6 7

68
Very good 12 11 15 15 12
Excellent 6 8 11 10 10
16 15
14
14
12 12
12 11
10 10 Poor
10 9 9
8 8 Average
8 7 7 Fairly good
6 6 6 Very good
6 5
4 Excellent
4 3 3 3
2
2 1
0 0
0
Taste Brand image Availabilty Advertisement Quality
Fig 15: Rating of the attributes for Pepsi
Comments: After the survey it was found that the respondents who consume Pepsi
find the advertisements are fairly good as compared to the other attributes.
Thums up
Table 16

Poor 0 0 0 1 0
Average 7 0 3 3 5
Very good 8 13 12 10 9
69
Excellent 4 2 4 8 5
14 13
12 12
12
10
10 9
Poor
88 8 8 8
8 7 Average
Fairly good
6 5 5 5 Very good
4 4
Excellent
4 3 3
2
2 1
0 00 0 0
0
Fig 16: Rating
Tasteof the attributes for Thums
Brand image up
Availability Advertisement Quality
Comments: Through the survey it was found that people consuming thums up find
the brand image good as compared the to the other attributes as thums up belongs to the
coca cola company.
Both
Table 17

70
14
Poor 0 1 120 0 0
12
Average 5 2 11 1 1 3
Very
10 good 99 11 12 98 6
Excellent 5 3 6 8 9 7 Poor
8 Average
7 7
6 6 6 Fairly good
6 Very good
5 5 5
Excellent
4 4
4
3 3
2
2
1 1 1
0 0 0 0
0
Taste Brand image Availlabilty Advertisement Quality
Fig 17: Rating of the attributes for Thums up and Pepsi both
Comments: Through the survey it was found that people consuming both the drinks
simultaneously find the availability of the cold drinks fairly good.
FINDINGS
1. People prefer drinking cold rinks once in a month, followed by drinking it weekly
then fortnight and finally there were some who go for taking it daily. People who
take cold drinks once in a month said that they don’t find cold drinks as a healthy
product.

71
2. After the analysis it was found that most the people take Pepsi, followed by thums
up and there were many who go for both the drinks. With the survey it was found
that Pepsi was much popular among the respondents.
3. While selecting Pepsi respondents said that they look for the brand image and then
other criteria’s like the taste, availability, advertisement. The respondents who drink
thums up give more preference to taste and all other criteria don’t matter to them.
Respondents who take both the drinks i.e. Pepsi and thums up give more
importance to taste followed by advertisement, brand image lastly availability. By
overall survey it can be conclude that mostly taste is given the first preference.
4. The cold drink which is preferred the most in the friend circle of the respondents
was both the brands i.e. Pepsi and Thums up. There was no any particular brand as
such of choice.
5. During any occasion the respondents prefer Pepsi whether it is any festival or party,
Followed by thums up which is preferred. They say that the brand Pepsi is so
popular that it’s on the mind while they purchase the cold drinks.
6. People generally prefer 600ml of bottle as the packaging of cold drinks they find it
enough to consume and also easy to carry and handle, followed by 300ml bottle.
Generally 300ml bottle is preferred by the people who find take cold drinks once in
a month.
7. People who consume Pepsi generally consume 300ml- 600ml amount of drink in a
month whereas who prefer thums up mostly also consume 300ml- 600ml amount of

72
drink in a month. The one who prefer both the drinks consume 1.2.ltrs-2ltrs of cold
drink.
8. the one who prefer Pepsi say that advertisements influence the choice of selecting
the cold drink whereas the one who prefer thums up were not sure of that
advertisement influences the choice or not. And people who consume both the
drinks believe that advertisements influence the choice.
9. Through the survey it was found that most of the respondents who consume Pepsi
feel that advertisement probably affect the choice of cold drinks whereas the one
who consume thums up even they feel the same and also the one who consume both
drinks i.e. Pepsi and thums up.
10. Through the survey it was found that most of the respondents who consume these
brands feel that brand endorsement may probably affect the choice of selecting the
cold drink.
11. Through the survey it was found that most of the respondents who consume Pepsi
will definitely go for Pepsi in future. The one who consume thums up will probably
consume the same drink in future.
12. Through the survey it was found that most of the respondents will recommend the
brand they consume to others.
13. Through the survey it was found that most of the respondents will recommend the
brand they consume to others.

73
14. Through the survey it was found that people consuming thums up find the brand
image good as compared the to the other attributes as thums up belongs to the coca
cola company.
15. Through the survey it was found that people consuming both the drinks
simultaneously find the availability of the cold drinks fairly good.

74
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND
RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
After the survey I would like to conclude that people generally drink less carbonated
drinks at large time span as they don’t find these carbonated drinks healthy but on the
75
same time there is no particular age group for the preference of these cold drinks. With
the survey I came to know that Pepsi is the brand which is preferred the most as
compared to Thums up. While selecting Pepsi people go for its brand image whereas
for Thums up they go for taste. In general people think that advertisements do influence
in making the choice of there favorite cold drink. The one who prefer both the brands
individually promotional schemes changes the choice of selecting the drink. The one
prefer Pepsi will definitely consume Pepsi in future but the one who consume Thums
up may or may not go for the same brand in future. The respondents said that they will
recommend their favorite brand to others. In all with the survey I found that Pepsi is
most popular product as compared to Thums up.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Pepsi, the choice of Generation next is not providing the first choice of young
generation. The target market is youth and the taste is not in relation with the taste
of target market (Pepsi is too sweet) A young generation wants something strong in
76
cold drinks & thus prefers Thums up. Pepsi should come out with some extra strong
taste to catch up maximum young generation & to become exactly Generation Next
drink.
2. Produce a range of Healthy, i.e. Sugar free or diet Alternatives.
3. People prefer thums up for its taste but the advertisements are not found appealing
so the advertisements should be made entertaining that they can penetrate in the
market. As it is in the case of Pepsi with huge brand endorsements.
4. Thums up belonging to such a company coca cola, should try bringing out some
change in the logo design and its colour and should keep on revising it.
5. Thums up should associate itself with celebrities which can help people influencing
them to drink it.

77
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Philip Kotler, Kelvin Lane Keller, Abraham Koshay and Mithileshwar Jha,
“MARKETING MANAGEMENT – A SOUTH ASIAN PERSPECTIVE,”
13TH Edition PEARSON Prentice Hall
• G.C Beri, “Marketing research” 4th edition, Tata McGraw hill
• WEBSITES:
o www.pepsi.com

78
o www.pepsico.com
o www.pepsico.com/Brands.html
o www.thecoca-colacompany.com/brands/brandlist.html
o http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/index.html

79
ANNEXURE
Respected sir/madam
I Pragya Pandey the student of Navnirman Institute Of Management

(NIM) college conducting survey for winter project as requirement of partial
fulfillment of semester (vi) on “COMPARISON OF PEPSI & THUMS UP” I

80
assure that the information given by you are strictly used for academic purpose only.
I request you to help me in gathering required information. I will be greatly thankful for
your kind co-operation.
Note: Use tick mark ( ) to answer your question.
1. How often do you take carbonated drinks?

Daily fortnight
Weekly once in a month
2. Which cold drink do you prefer the most?
Pepsi Thums up
Both Others specify
3. On what criteria do you select the drink of your choice? Rank them according to
your preference. (Rank 1 to 4)
Taste __
Availability __
Brand image __
Advertisement __
4. Which cold drink is preferred mostly in your friend circle?
Pepsi Thums up
Both Others specify
5. How much is your consumption of cold drinks in a month?

81
300ml - 600ml 600ml - 1.2ltr
1.2ltr – 2ltr 2ltr & more
6. During any occasion which cold drink is preferred by you mostly?
Pepsi Thums up
Both Others specify
7. Which packing of cold drinks you prefer mostly?
300 ml 600 ml
1.2 ltr 2 ltr
8. Does promotional schemes affect the choice of cold drink?
| | | | |
Definitely yes Probably yes Not sure Probably no Definitely no
9. Does advertisement influence you to take cold drinks?
| | | | |
10. Does brand endorsement influence you to take cold drinks?

82
| | | | |
11. How likely you going to use the same cold drink in future?
| | | | |
12. Would you like to recommend your favorite cold drink brand to others?
Yes No
13. Rate the attributes of cold drink on basis of your satisfaction.
Attributes Poor Average Fairly good Very good excellent

Taste
Brand image
Availability
Advertisement
Quality
Name: ………………………………………………………………………….
Address ………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
Age: ………………
83
Occupation: ……………………………………
Annual income:
Less than 1 Lakh 1-3 Lakh
3-5 Lakh 5 Lakh

84

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CHAPTER 1

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An alcoholic beverage is a drink that contains ethanol, commonly known as alcohol

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Market share in U.S.A

U.S. non-alcoholic beverage market share, by volume

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• Pepsi-Cola Company - Pepsi-Cola (formulated in 1898), Diet Pepsi

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• PepsiCo has 49,000 employees

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• PepsiCo Food Service International (PFSI) is formed to focus on overseas

• PepsiCo is now the largest company in the beverage industry. The

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• Pepsi-Cola introduces "Nothing else is a Pepsi" theme line.

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• Pepsi-Cola revives its "Pepsi Challenge" advertising campaign. Challenge includes

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The divestments concluding in 2007 were followed by multiple large-scale acquisitions,

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The Coca-Cola Company has historically been considered PepsiCo’s primary

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PepsiCo’s product mix as of 2009 (based on worldwide net revenue) consists of 63

Snacks Tropicana Health Drink

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Aquafina mineral water Lipton tea

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Mirinda Mountain Dew

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The second stylized Pepsi-Cola logo

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1940s advertisement specifically targeting African Americans

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• Old Pepsi can with "rounded" logo version (1987-1991).

• Pepsi logo (2003-2008).

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Safe guarding the brand (1905-1918)

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The woodruff legacy (1919-1940)

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The war and its legacy (1941-1959)

The world of customer ((1960-1981)

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Diet coke and new coke (1982-1989)

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Coca cola now (2000- now)

In 1886, Coca-Cola® brought refreshment to patrons of a small Atlanta pharmacy. Now

Coca-Cola is committed to local markets, paying attention to what people from

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Products and Brands

Maaza Limca Kinley soda

Minute maid Kinley mineral water Sprite

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During the late 1970s, the American cola giant Coca-

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Typical bottle of Thums Up