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The aim of the experiment is to determine the California Bearing Ratio of the given soil
sample. The California Bearing Ratio of a material can be defined as the load in Newtons,
expressed as a percentage of California standard values, required to allow a circular piston of
1 935mm2 to penetrate the surface of a compacted material at a rate of 1,27 mm per minute
to depths of 2,54, 5,08 and 7,62 mm. The California standard values for these depths are
13,344, 20,016 and 25,354 kN respectively. The California bearing ratio is determined
bymeasuring the load required to allow a standard piston to penetrate the surface of amaterial
compacted to its maximum dry density at its optimum moisture content.
The following apparatus were used:
Mould with collar and base plate, dry oven, 4.25mm Sieve, trowel, tamper, basin, steel
straight-edge, stop watch, sprinkler, garden trowel, balance, compression testing machine and
filter paper.
Materials that were used are water and a soil sample.
The experiment was carried out as follows:
The given sample was sieved through a 19 mm sieve. The sieved sample was then oven dried.
This implies that the soil now had zero percent moisture content. Therefore the hydroscopic
moisture need not be determined. 22 kg of the dried soil was weighed. The moisture content
at which the given sample should be compacted is its optimum moisture content. The
optimum moisture content for the given sample of soil is 5.7%. The amount of water needed
for the sample was determined as follows:
The amount of water for a 22 kg sample of soil was then found to be 1254 ml. The sample
was then mixed with the calculated amount. The sample was then divided into three thirds.
The first third was compacted into mould of known mass. The mould is referred to as mould
A. Mould A was compacted to five layers with 55 blows per layer. A representative sample
was then taken for moisture content determination and the mass of the mould and the
compacted soil were taken. The second third was compacted into a mould; mould B, of
known mass to five layers with 25 blows per layer. A representative sample was also taken
for moisture content determination and the mass of the mould and the compacted soil were
taken. The last third was compacted into a mould of known mass, mould C, to three layers
with 55 blows per layer. The mass of the mould and the compacted soil were taken. Each of
the three moulds was taken to the compaction machine for analysis. The stress-strain curve
was then drawn for each sample. And the CBR was later determined from the dry density vs.
CBR @ 2.54mm penetration.
c
From the CBR equation, ù , it can be concluded that if the CBR value is less
than 100 % then our soil will fail at lower force than a standard soil sample would fail at. It
is also true that if the CBR value is greater than 100 % then it means our soil will fail at a
higher fail than a standard soil sample would fail at.The CBR value is directly proportional to
the depth of penetrationas the depth of penetration increases the CBR approaches 100%. For
example if a 2.54 mm penetration the CBR will be 24.48 %, for a 5.08 mm penetration it is
49.96 %, and for a 7.62 mm penetration it is 87.43%.
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