ELEKTROMOTORI

1.2.13. Vrste hlađenja 1.2.13. Type of cooling 1.2.13. Kühlungsarten

Način označavanja metode hlađenja vezan je uz Designation system concerning methods of Die Bezeichnungsart der Kühlungsarten ist mit
standard IEC 60034-6. Najčešći načini hlađenja cooling refers to standard IEC 60034-6 . The most der Norm IEC 60034-6 verbunden. Die meist
su pokazani u tablici 1.16. common cooling types are shown in the Table 1.16. verwendeten Kühlungsarten sind in der Tabelle
1.16. dargestellt.
Tablica 1.16. / Table 1.16 / Tabelle 1.16.
Code Opis Description Beschreibung
IC 01
Samostalno hlađenje otvorenih Unabhängige Kühlung
Independently cooled open motors.
motora. Ventilator montiran na offener Motoren. Lüfterrad
Fan mountend on motor shaft.
osovini motora. auf der Motorwelle montiert.

IC 410
Hlađenje preko površine Oberflächenkühlung durch
Cooling over surface through
prirodnom konvekcijom i freie Konvektion und Radiation.
natural convection and radiataion.
radijaciom. Zatvoren motor je bez Geschlossener Motor ohne
Closed motor without external fan.
vanjskog ventilatora. Aussenlüfter.

IC411
Hlađenje preko ravnih i orebrenih Kühlung über gerade und
Cooling over flat and ribbed
površina kućišta motora gerippte Gehäuseoberflächen
surfaces with fan mounted on
ventilatorom, montiranim na mit einem auf der Motorwelle
motor shaft.
osovinu. montierten Lüfterrad.

IC 416

Hlađenje stranom ventilacijom sa Forced ventilated motor, with Kühlung durch Fremdbelüftung
svojim pogonom. independently driven fan. mit Eigenantrieb.

IC 418 Kühlung geschlossener Motoren

Hlađenje zatvorenih motora
u struji zraka nastalog radom
pogonskog sustava motora (npr.
pogona ventilatora).
Air stream cooled closed motors.
Cooling air stream as result of
operation of motor drive system
(e.g. fan drive).
in dem Luftstrom entstanden
durch die Arbeit des Motors.
(z.B. Aussenlüfterantrieb). Der
Motor ist ohne Lüfterhaube und
Lüfterrad.

Motori su potpuno zatvoreni, a hlađenje se
ostvaruje odvodom topline preko orebrenog
kućišta pomoću ventilatora montiranog s
vanjske strane motora na vratilo i zaštićenog
ventilatorskom kapom (IC 411 prema IEC 60034-
6). Ventilator je takvog oblika da se motor može
nazivno opteretiti bez obzira na smjer vrtnje.
Motore treba montirati uvijek tako da rashladni
zrak može oko njih nesmetano strujati. Ulazni
otvori zraka na ventilatorskoj kapi moraju biti
slobodni, a razmak od ventilatorske kape do
prepreke, koja može spriječiti ulaz zraka, smije
biti najmanje polovina osne visine motora
izražena u mm.
Motori se ne smiju postaviti pokraj toplih
Motors are completly closed, and cooling is
generated through heat transfer over the ribbed
housing with fan mounted on motor shaft outside
of the motor side and protected with a fan cap (IC
411 in acc. with IEC 60034-6). Fan is designed in
such manner that it enables motor to be loaded
with rated parameters regardless of direction of
rotation.
Motors must be mounted to enable cooling air to
stream around without any obstacle. Incoming air
openings on fan cap must be opened and distance
between fan cap and obstacle which can block air
entering must be at least half of motor frame size
rendered in mm.
Motors must not be positioned near warm objects,
Die Motoren sind völlig geschlossen und
Kühlung erfolgt durch die Wärmeabführung
über das gerippte Gehäuse mittels eines
außerhalb des Motors auf der Welle
montierten und mit der Lüfterhaube
geschützten Lüfterrades (IC 411 nach IEC
60034-6). Die Form des Lüfters ermöglicht die
Nennbelastung des Motors unabhängig von
der Drehrichtung.
Die Motoren sollen immer so aufgestellt
werden, dass die Kühlluft um diese frei
strömen kann. Die Lufteintrittsöffnungen
auf der Lüfterhaube müssen frei sein und
der Abstand der Lüfterhaube von dem
Hindernis, welcher den Lufteintritt verhindern

29
 Motor Cooling
Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled electric motors (TEFC) are air
cooled motors provided with an external fan that is fitted on the
electric motor’s own shaft. Totally Enclosed Force Ventilated
motors (TEFV) are equipped with an independently driven fan.
In some cases motors are installed in an air flow and are
without a fan. These are Totally Enclosed Air Over motors
(TEAO). The air necessary for cooling of the motor is usually
provided by the driven equipment. The Totally Enclosed Non
Ventilated electric motors (TENV) have no fan nor they are
subject of forced cooling. Some TENV motors are used for short
term duty cycle (i.e. S2-10min duty).
Electric motors with forced cooling (TEFC and TEAO) require
approximately 25 to 30 cubic metres of cooling air per minute
for 100 kW.
The following are the important features for effective electric
motor cooling (this list is not exhaustive):
—Blade shape
32 —The drive mode
—Noise generation
—Energy consumption
—Electric motor installation and maintenance.
Noise generation and energy consumption
The sound pressure level as well as energy consumption can be
reduced by using uni-directional axial fans instead of radial fans.
The reduction depends on the power and speed. The reduction
effect at 6- and 8-pole electric motors (1,000 rpm and 750 rpm)
is less significant.
Set-up and maintenance
When installing an electric motor it is important to ensure that
the motor will have sufficient supply of cooling air. It is
necessary to ensure that the air supply is not blocked in any
way and in a dusty environment regular maintenance must be
performed and motor cooling ribs cleaned in regular intervals!
Definition of terms
— Direction of rotation CW = Clockwise
(to the right when viewed from the drive end)
— Direction of rotation CCW = Counter Clockwise
(to the left when viewed from the drive end)
—TEFC = Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled / IC 411
—TEAO = Totally Enclosed Air Over / IC 418
—TENV = Totally Enclosed Non Ventilated / IC 410
—TEFV = Totally Enclosed Force Ventilated / IC 416

Blade shape
IC410
The simplest option is having the fan mounted directly on to the
electric motor shaft. The rotating speed of the electric motor
determines the speed of the fan. The required direction of
rotation is usually not specified so the standard industrial
electric motors are equipped with bi-directional fan with straight
blades (radial fan) suitable for both directions of rotation (CW or
CCW).

The drive mode

The fan can be directly driven by the electric motor (fitted on
motor’s own shaft). This is usually used for continuous use (S1
duty). IC411
If an electric motor is frequently switched on and off (for
example at S4 duty), additional heat will be generated be by the
motor especially when there is a large moment of inertia
attached to the motor’s shaft resulting in heavy start-up. Totally
Enclosed Force Ventilated motors (TEFV) are equipped with an
independently driven fan, delivering cooling air necessary to
cool the motor even when the motor is stationary. This cooling
method is often used when motors’ speed is controlled by
frequency inverters when the motors’ own fan becomes
ineffective at low speeds.

The force ventilation is suitable for a broad range of voltages. IC416

This runs from 230V 50Hz to 575V 60Hz,
3 phase; as indicated on force ventilation unit nameplate. An
additional advantage when using this unit is its high protection
class: IP66.
Note: If an electric motor runs at a half of the rated speed, the
own fan borne by the motor’s shaft will deliver only 12.5% of the
volume of the cooling air when compared with the air delivery at
the motor’s rated speed.