SATHYABAMA UNIVERSITY

(Established under section 3 of UGC Act, 1956)

Course & Branch : B. Tech - Bio Technology

Title of the paper : 623404 Biological Control System
Semester : IV

Unit 1 (12 hrs)

Introduction to Laplace transform, Properties of transforms, Linear open loop systems: Response
of first order systems, examples of first order systems like liquid – level and mixing process.
PART – A
1. What are laplace transform?
2. Give any two examples for first order system.
3. Define transfer function.
4. Define linear resistance.
5. Give the graphical representation of function e −at u (t ) .
6. Define order of a system.
7. Define Dirac delta function.
8. Give two examples for first order systems
9. What is meant by Laplace transform?
10. Write a note on linear open loop systems.
11. What are first order reactions?
12. Give an account on Laplace Transform
13. State initial value theorem
14. Define transfer function.
15. Define linear resistance.
16. Write the expression for the time constant for mercury in glass thermometer
17. State Final value theorem.
18. Write the expression for time constant for the liquid level system.

PART – B
1. What are generalized responses for a firs order systems?
2. What are transforms? List out their properties.
3. Develop the transfer function for mercury in glass thermometer system and list out the
assumptions made in the analysis. (8)
4. Write the important properties of Transfer functions. (4)
5. Derive the expressions for the transient responses from the first order system for the step function,
impulse function and sinusoidal function.
6. Find the solution of the following set of equations using Laplace transformation technique.
dx1
= 2 x1 + 3 x 2 + 1, with x1(0) = 0
dt
dx 2
= 2 x1 + 3x 2 + e t , with x2(0) = 0
dt
7. Define Laplace transform. Discuss the properties of Laplace transforms.
8. Discuss in detail about the properties of transforms.
9. Write in detail about the response of first order system.
10. Discuss the properties of Transform
11. Write an essay on First order systems
 12. Give the graphical representation of forcing function used to find the dynamic response of control
system.
13. Derive the sinusoidal response of First Order system.
14. Consider a liquid level system whose inlet flowrate is q ft 3 / min , the outlet flowrate is q1 ft3 / min
and q2 ft3 / min. Height of the liquid in the tank is h. Derive the transfer function H/Q for the
liquid level system. The resistances are linear R1 = 2 , R2 = 5 , A=2 ft2 . H and Q are deviation
variable. Show clearly how do you derive the transfer function and supply the numerical values in
the transfer function.
15. Describe the response of first order systems.
16. A thermometer having a time constant of 1 minute is initially at 50oC. It is immersed in a
temperature bath maintained at 100oC at time t = 0.
a. Determine the temperature reading at time t = 1.2 min.
b. In the above case if at t= 1.5 min the thermometer is removed from the bath and put in a
bath at 75oC, determine the maximum temperature indicated by the thermometer.
17. Discuss about the response of a first order system to a sinusoidal input.

Unit 2 (12 hrs)

Response of first order system in series: interacting and Non-interacting systems, Second and
Higher order systems. Transportation lag.

PART – A
1. What do you mean by transportation lag?
2. Write short notes on higher order systems.
3. What is transportation lag?
4. Define Radian frequency for Second order system.
5. Define Critical damping.
6. What is transportation Lag?
7. Define Decay Ratio.
8. What are interacting and non-interacting systems?
9. Explain transportation lag
10. Write a note on transportation lag.
11. Write short notes on response of first order system in series.
12. What are higher order systems?
13. Give short note on non interacting systems.
14. What is transportation lag?
15. Define overshoot.
16. Define Radian frequency for Second order system.

PART – B
1. A step change of magnitude 6 is introduces into a system having the transfer function.
Y (s) 10
= 2 .
X ( s ) ( s + 1. 6 s + 4)
Determine
(i) Percent Overshoot, (ii) Rise Time
(iii) Maximum value of Y(t) (iv) Period of Oscillation
2. Derive the transfer functions for the two tank liquid level system for the condition both non-
interacting and interacting.
3. Give a brief account on higher order systems.
4. Write notes on interacting and non interacting systems.
 5. What is a first-order system? Explain first order system with a capacity for mass storage.
6. Discuss dynamic response of second order system, to a unit step input, in detail.
7. Discuss elaborately on interacting and non interacting systems.
8. Explain in detail about second and higher order systems.
9. Elaborate an essay on Transportation lag.
10. Consider a liquid level system whose inlet flowrate is q ft 3 / min , the outlet flowrate is q1 ft3 / min
and q2 ft3 / min. Height of the liquid is in the tank is h. Derive the transfer function H/Q for the
liquid level system. The resistances are linear R1 = 2 , R2 = 5 , A = 2 ft 2 . H and Q are deviation
variable. Show clearly how do you derive the transfer function and supply the numerical values in
the transfer function.
11. Derive the transfer function of two first order system arranged in series in interacting mode.
12. Derive the transfer function of the second order system.
13. Derive the transfer function of two first order system arranged in series in interacting mode.

Unit 3 (12 hrs)

Linear closed loop system: Control system, controller and final control elements, Transient
response of simple control system, Stability, Routh stability.

PART – A
1. What is routh stability?
2. Write notes on transient response.
3. Give an account on control values.
4. Define Negative feed back control system.
5. What is integral windup?
6. What is the significance of Servo problem?
7. What are the different components of a control system?
8. What is a transducer?
9. Explain Stability
10. Give an practical example for closed loop controller system?
11. What is meant by stability?
12. What is meant by Routh stability?
13. Write about Routh stability.
14. Mention the control elements
15. Define Negative feed back control system

PART – B
1. Discuss the various control systems and add a note about final control elements.
2. Give a detailed picture on the transient response to simple control systems.
3. (a) Develop a block diagram for a simple control system and explain the functions of its
components. (8)
(b) A pneumatic proportional controller is used to control temperature within the range of 60 to
100ºF. The controller is adjusted so that the output pressure goes from 3 psi (valve full open) to
15 psi (valve fully closed) as the measured temperature goes for 71 to 75º F with the set point held
constant. Find the gain and the proportional band. (4)
4. Construct Routh array and determine the stability of the system whose characteristic equation is
s 6 + 8s 4 + 12 s 3 + 20 s 2 + 16 s + 16 = 0 .
Also determine the number of roots lying on the right half of
s-plane, left half of s-plane and on imaginary axis.
5. Explain the concept of feedback control. What are the types of feedback controllers?
 6. Explain the concept of closed-loop control system with a block diagram Distinguish servo and
regulator problems.
7. Explain in detail about transient response of simple control system.
8. Describe elaborately about controller and final control elements.
9. Write in detail about control systems
10. Explain the need for the control System with neat diagram.
11. What are the different control configuration available explain.
12. Explain the criteria for a good control
13. (a) Give the theorems used for the Routh test.
(b) The characteristic equation of a control system is give n as follows
s3 + 6s2 + 11s + 6(1 + Kc) = 0 .
(i) Determine the value of the Kc for which the system is stable.
(ii) For the value of Kc for which the system is on the threshold of instability, determine
the roots of the characteristics equation with the help of theorem 3.
14. (a) Write the rules used reduce the Block diagram. Explain them with proof.
(b) The open loop transfer function of a control system is 4/ S(S +1) and the set point R = 2/S,
Determine (i) C(s) / R(S) (ii) C(α ) (iii) Offset (iv) C(0.5) and (v) Whether the closed loop
response is oscillatory.
15. For the control system with open loop transfer function (1+ (1/S)), (i)determine an expression for
C(t) if a unit step Change occurs in the setpoint. (ii) Sketch the response C(t) and compute C(2).
16. Discuss the Transient response of simple control system

Unit 4 (12 hrs)

Frequency response analysis of linear process: introduction, Concept – Bode diagram, Bode
stability criteria, gain and phase margin, Ziegler- Nichols technique, Control valves.

PART – A
1. Explain bode-stability criteria.
2. What is frequency response?
3. Define Gain & Phase Margin.
4. Explain Bode stability criteria
5. What is Zieger-Nichols technique
6. What is gain and phase margin?
7. What is Bode stability criteria?
8. Give the Bode diagram
9. Write short notes on gain.
10. Define BIBO stability.

PART – B
1. Explain Ziegler – Nichols technique.
2. What do you mean by frequency response analysis of linear process? Explain it.
3. (a)What are the advantages of frequency response analysis?
(b) Plot the Bode diagram for the following transfer function and obtain the gain and phase cross
over frequencies.
10
G( s) =
( s )(1 +0.4 s )(1 +0.1s )
4. Consider a unity feedback system having an open loop transfer function
K (1 +10 s )
G ( s) =
( s )(1 + s )(1 + 2 s )
2

Sketch the Nichols plot and determine the value of K so that

 (i) Gain Margin is 10 db (ii) Phase Margine is 10º]
5. What is a Bode diagram? Explain that for a first-order system.
6. Elaborate on frequency response analysis of linear process.
7. Describe Ziegler-Nichols technique.
8. Describe the Bode stability criteria
9. Elaborate Ziegler-Nicholas technique.
10. Give the Zigler Nichols controller tuning procedure and throw light on the precautions to be taken
in applying the Zigler Nichols method.

Unit 5 (12 hrs)

Instrumentation and control: Physical and chemical sensors for the medium and gases, On-line and
Off-line sensors, Process Control- Direct Regulatory Control, Cascade Control of metabolism, Advanced
Control Strategies, Programmed Batch Bioreaction

PART – A
1. What are sensors? Give its classification.
2. Discuss the cascade control of metabolism.
3. What are the types of controllers used in industrial fermentors?
4. Give two examples each for on-line and off-line sensors
5. Name any two examples of physical sensors used in bioreactors and mention the working
principle.
6. What are the main components of a fermentor?
7. What are the critical paratmeters to be monitored and controlled in a fermentor?
8. What are sensors
9. Define metabolism
10. Define Static Error.
11. Differentiate gauge pressure and absolute pressure.

PART – B
1. Explain the various types of process controls.
2. Explain programmed batch bioreaction.
3. With neat sketch, describe the construction and instrumentation details of an industrial fermentors.
4. Explain how the critical parameters have been monitored and controlled in industrial fermentors
and discuss about the various types of controllers used in it.
5. Discuss the role of instrumentation and control in process plants.
6. Write a detailed note on advanced systems available for control of bioreactors.
7. Describe the various aspects to be considered in designing a fermentor.
8. Discuss on aeration and agitation techniques used in a fermentor.
9. Describe process control
10. Write an essay on advanced control strategies.
11. (a)What are the different types of errors associated with instrumentation.
(b)Explain various types of instruments used to measure the temperature.
12. Write short notes on pressure sensors.
13. Write short notes on critical parameters controlled in a fermentor.