Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MOLWICKPEDIA
Museum of the science of future
Philosophy of evolution, history and life
New paradigms of Physics, Biology and Psychology
1. The brain
3. Evolutionary psychology
{ General psychology
{ Memory and education
{ Evolution o human brain
I. THE BRAIN
I.1. Cognitive processes of the brain
The Global Cognitive Theory focuses on the consequences of the General Theory of
Conditional Evolution of Life of 1992 on the philosophy of the meta cognition. It
analyses the information systems, the cognitive aspects of the brain, and the
psychology of knowledge in relation with neuroscience and evolution of brain in
modern culture.
Regardless other possible points of view, according to the Global Cognitive Theory,
there is no difference between the terms brain and mind which doesn’t mean
denying the intrinsic liberty of Life.
Square brain - Nice
Included in the related links are the four free on-line books in which the
exposition of the Global Cognitive Theory is divided: the brain and computers, intelligence
and creativity, memory, and finally will: the processes of making decisions, and artificial
intelligence.
Also listed in the related links to the Global Cognitive Theory is the online book on
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the General Theory of the Conditional Evolution of Life. Both theories address the central
theme of intelligence, its mechanisms, origin, and evolution from various
perspectives.
There is also a link to the on-line book of the Global Scientific Method and the
philosophy of science. It includes the design of new scientific methods and the
classification of the stages and steps of the scientific method; understanding the
scientific method in the broad sense as the application of logic to the generation of
common knowledge with a high level of reliability.
The scientific method works fine in general, but it works much better in its
developmental phase than in its phase of general acceptance. All types of social
interests affect the last phase, from the realm of sociology as in the case of Darwin’s
theory, to the technician nature as in the case of the Theory of Relativity.
The last item of the related links is The EDI Study about Evolution and Design of
Intelligence, a complete statistical survey on the heritability of intelligence
performed on the fieldwork database of the Young Adulthood Study, 1939-1967
This statistical study is an empirical research about some considerations of the
Global Cognitive Theory related with the brain and evolution, in particular the definition
of intelligence.
The results of the statistical survey The EDI Study regarding an elegant
intelligence show some important considerations:
z The hereditary nature of relational intelligence is confirmed.
z The genetic information with less intellectual potential is the significant one,
as the GTCEL states regarding the concept of conditional intelligence.
z Likewise, it seems that the main functions of intelligence, or those evolving
faster, are fairly concentrated in only one chromosome.
z The most innovative element of this work on cognitive psychology is
undoubtedly the section relating to simulation. This section contains the
explanation of how the artificial intelligence quotient vectors are generated
by using the previsions of the new theory of evolution; they practically behave
like the variables that were actually observed, in despite of the intrinsic
complexity involved.
z As if that were not enough, with the due caution this subject deserves, the
existence of a finalistic or teleological evolution is scientifically proven to
agree with that indicated by the General Theory of Conditional Evolution of Life.
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Given that the current results in this book suggest a fairly radical change from
the common opinions held by the majority of the scientific community and
society, the logical deduction is that more extensive studies on cognitive
psychology using the same methodology need to be performed.
An example of further exploration of this study is found in the section that has
been added subsequently, which is related to partner choice and intelligence. In
this section a hypothesis regarding a concrete requisite of the acceptable limit of the
difference in intelligence when forming a couple, is confirmed and simultaneously reinforces
the model's overall coherence. In fact, the requirement refers to the unconscious
choice of an unknown intelligence for current cognitive psychology.
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In the first title, I will try to set out some ideas about the logic of the human
brain's activity and the ideal physiological structure for its optimisation, all the
while advising about the presence of a large intuitive component in our
reasoning.
Other common aspects discussed are the necessity both have for physiological
support, at least, to reach a high potential, the complementariness of both
functions and the constant optimisation that the system of human intellect is
subject to due to the complexity and flexibility of cognitive theory.
The following heading of the Global Cognitive Theory is dedicated to the various
concepts of intelligence and elegant intelligence as a knowledge manager:
{ I have tried to define the different forms of its internal workings from the
preconcetps and automatic responses to the responses generated by logic
and the system of language. The organization criterion chosen is the
degree of reliability associated with the response of intelligence when its
system faces a problem or requirement.
{ An approach to creativity, in the sense of creativity being formed by
complex functions or packets of basic functions of intelligence that
support certain complex abilities of the brain.
{ The next step is to speculate on the physiological structure that is most
apt to execute the required functions, its genetic nature and, as a
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The third on-line book of the Global Cognitive Theory is dedicated to the
different types of memory, functional analysis and its genetic base; giving rise
to explanations about the power of language and other intellectual capacities
and to ideas as how to improve memory and its limits.
The memory is the brain’s second major function and, undoubtedly, must be
correlated to the development of the brain. The cognitive theory of this intellectual
capacity until now has not been as developed as that of intelligence; perhaps
due to its complexity and the types of existing memories.
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This process does not appear in the functional flow-chart of the brain because
it has been studied with a different focus.
The brain intervenes in decision-making processes but our body's cells surely
get involved as well; it is like a real political system.
This vision of the system together with its sensitivity offers reasonable
explanations as to the changes observed in personal decisions without an
apparent cause, and to a certain extent, to problems that arise, such as
schizophrenia.
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Likewise, the current theories on mental structures (constructivism - Jean Piaget and
innatism - Noam Chomsky) appear to be two ways of looking at the complex
reality; as far as I am concerned, they need not be so conflicting. Furthermore, I
would not like to start discussing some of the simplifications and the rather
unfounded affirmations of innatism.
The brain is the organ responsible for carrying out superior cognitive functions.
Nevertheless, these are surely not the only functions the brain carries out, for
example, the human brain's decision-making system can feasibly contain
democratic elements with a connection to individual cells that in certain cases may
serve the purpose of a mere coordinator.
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On the contrary, I would say that this analysis tries to explain the possible
connection or conceptual identity between the present reality of the complexity of
the human brain's cognitive functions and the original essence of these vital
functions, qualities or capacities by the study of their objective evolution and its
logical requirements.
In fact, if I had to philosophically describe my ideas in this subject, I would say
that, literally speaking, they could be classified in vitalism. That is to say, that the
essence of the life implies freedom, intelligence, and memory and that, a logical
(non-random) and internal evolution has certainly existed throughout time, and
since the beginning of which we call time.
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II.4.a) Multiple functions and multiple facets
Although these characteristics can be used as synonyms, in our case, we are going
to assign them two different concepts or nuances. The multifunctional nature
refers to intelligence processes' diverse functions of analyses and information
relation. For example, the operations may be aiming to arrive at a conclusion about
an individual's specific or the result of a mathematical operation -for intelligence
this is normally the most well-known case. But it can also operate analysing and
classifying information to store in the different memory levels.
We will also consider the different way intelligence operates a part of its
multifunctional nature within human brain structure, offering somewhat certain
responses according to the operative mode it is in. A more detailed explanation
related to intelligence will be shown in the next title.
Memory also has a multifunctional nature within human brain structure, although
there are differencies with intelligence brain structure. We can cite the different
types of memory as regards to the temporal horizon with which it works:
instantaneous, short, medium, and long term. Likewise, this nature of memory will
be seen in more detail in its special section.
We understand its multifaceted nature as the different subject to which both
memory and intelligence can be applied. For example, regarding intelligence we
can cite, among others, spatial, colour, and auditory relations, logical abstraction,
multiple characterization, etc.
And as far as memory is concerned, we can mention information related to:
images, abstract concepts, linguistics, colours, etc.
These characteristics are easier to explain using computers as an example. As
previously mentioned, the central processor is used as much for the treatment of
information as for its localization, and, at the same time, to execute programs of
diverse natures. In reference to computers, there are various types of information
support and multiple subjects are stored.
For intelligence, this multifunctional and multifaceted nature allows us to delve
slightly deeper into its content or definition. We have shown that we understand
intelligence as a capacity to relate. Therefore, the group of abstract and elemental
relational functions that allow all fairly complex relation operations to be carried
out are what form intelligence.
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II.4.b) Human brain structure and efficiency
The efficiency of the brain structure is easily observed as much in intelligence as in
memory. The first supports itself on the second so as not to unnecessarily repeat a
multitude of operations; it even reaches the formation of what we could call
subprograms of automatic action, like the pre-defined responses to different
situations when driving.
We could assume that almost half of memory is devoted to storing information
about support relations directly to intelligence, independently of whether
information from the perceptions is found stored in accordance to a multiple
system of references or not.
Likewise, the memory, or better said, the memory manager, will try to save only
the information it considers relevant, that which does not already exist or save
similar information together, only adding a new nuance to already present
information. Further along, we will return this subject when discussing types of
memory.
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II.4.c) Utilization of idle resources
It is possible that conscious thought is not unique, that is, that not all of it follows
the same line of argument, there may be two or more lines simultaneously.
Moreover, I would say that human brain structure is designed to allow are almost
always at least two. It would be like the existence of a somewhat conscious thought
that is, however, in the background.
This should not be confused with situations when we are thinking about two
things at the same time; in this case, the two things are in the foreground of
thought.
On the one hand, this would be taking advantage of the system's idle resources,
and on the other, we would always have an idea in mind when we decide to stop
thinking about something or if we obtained our goal by reasoning.
A blank mind can be attributed to two simultaneous thoughts ending at the same
time, although normally I think this happens because we try to go back in a
sequence of thought; this is not always easy or feasible.
In respect to the fact that computers already do something similar and that they
are becoming more and more complicated needs no further explanation.
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II.4.d) Maintenance of cognitive capacity
Given the complexity of the intellectual system of human brain structure and the
necessity to maintain an optimum operational capacity in relation to the temporal
horizons of information, the system needs to reorganize itself daily. This cleaning
function is mainly performed while we are asleep.
Los Angeles - Skyline
(Public domain image)
The fundamental reason why we need to be asleep may be that it is a time when
the memory of work and the relational capacity are freed from a multitude of tasks
and that, for the exploitation of daily experience and its analysis faced with its
possible memorization, the two abilities are needed with a great available capacity.
Bearing in mind the human brain structure, dreams widely represent the work that the
memory manager performs when storing certain information. When it does not
know exactly what to do, because it lacks sufficient information, it recreates a
situation and tries to force the intelligence to dedicate itself; this decision affects
the way information is memorized. In this fashion, it will clean short-term memory
and not lose information considered important or feel obligated to provisionally
save all information related to a specific subject.
When intelligence does not manage to offer a clear decision for complex subjects,
people may have recurrent dreams. Certainly the subject is important and the
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adopted solution will affect on the saving of a lot of other information in different
places in the memory, or it will affect the configuration of one of the dimensions
where many references are situated.
The degree of difficulty of some relational problems may be so great that, at
certain times, the quickest solution to a problem is to forget it and try it later,
especially after sleeping. Any experienced programmer knows that, faced with an
elemental problem that seems irresolvable, you always have to try to shut down the
computer and try again.
In the first case, after sleeping, the short-term memory has been cleaned due to the
way human brain structure works. When the human brain analyses the problem again,
everything related and in agreement with the priorities or importance of each
element will be loaded; this is what allows the analysis to be notably simplified.
After restarting a computer, all the programs and variables in the memory have
disappeared and only the necessary programs and variables will be loaded. This
assures us that there is free space and that none of the variables have erroneous
values that could have been generated in the multiple tests performed by a
programmer in the development of his / her programs.
Another yet different example of the way human brain structure works is the
human eye. The eye adapts best to sudden changes in luminosity by opening and
closing the lids, that is, by restarting the system. The latter is important for those
who drive for long periods of time at night. The light from cars that travel in the
opposite direction and those that pass provoke sudden changes in the luminosity
that can be tiresome for the eyes.
However, it is very interesting to check that, if when faced with a sudden change in
light the eye blinks right at the time of the change, eyes fatigue and the discomfort
that people suffer from is reduced at least to one third. This means that there are
mechanisms that adjust to luminosity and do not cause eye fatigue; these are
optimised to work starting in the darkness, and are therefore more efficient when
given the appropriate circumstances.
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z If the parallelism between computers evolution and brain evolution are deeply
rooted, an interesting consequence in evolutionary psychology would be the
confrontation of current theses of evolution by random mutation with the
idea that an almost perfect computer like the human brain has been the fruit
of something random.
z Likewise, the evolution of computers reminds us of the proposals put forth by
the General Theory of Conditional Evolution of Life. The same parallelism will lead
us to reconsider the role of sexual differentiation in the evolutionary process:
females seem not to modify genes after their early formation, we may find
that they have specialized in what we could call hardware, and males, on the
other hand, in software; both, as we all know, interrelated and of a similar
importance.
z This vision of the brain's functions and cognitive psychology creates a large
quantity of questions in the specific field of evolutionary psychology: are
genes the most compressed expression of our memory? Does something similar to a compiler
exist in the human body and where would it be found? When is genetic information that is
to be transferred updated? Why is short-term memory cleaned in sexual relations? What
percentage of genetic information is modified in each generation?
In this sense, a special compression mechanism and information codification
could exist for its multiple transmission; once modified by the sub-system of
the memory's genetic information.
z Finally, we understand artificial intelligence as a machine's system of
decisions, created or not by human beings, showing certain intelligence, at
least apparently, and having the characteristics of a vital impulse system.
***
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***
When Globus finished the book, he received from the future
an heyelogic transversal resonance of the
para-cerebellum of Darwinoder,
sent by his friend Mª José.
Evolutionary psychology
and para-cerebellum
(Public domain image)
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