ANSWERS

9 m
63°
Chapter 36 ● opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral
n
117°
Exercise 36A ● sum of angles on a straight line is 180°
1 a
37° 10 71°
● angle at the centre of a circle is twice the angle at the ● alternate segment theorem
circumference ● in an isosceles triangle, equal angles opposite equal sides
2 b
48° 11 Yes, AB is a diameter. Angle ACB
90° (angle sum of a
● angles in the same segment triangle is 180°) and so angle ACB is the angle in a
3 c
90° semicircle.
● angle in a semicircle 12 i 73°
4 d
103° ● opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral
● opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral ii 73°
● angles in the same segment
5 e
47°
● alternate segment theorem 13 a A rectangle is a cyclic quadrilateral. All its angles are 90°
and so the sum of its opposite angles is 180°.
6 f
36°
b The rectangle is not cyclic as the sum of the pair of
● angles in the same segment
opposite angles is 179°, not 180°.
g
72°
● angle at the centre of a circle is twice the angle at the 14 106°
circumference ● alternate segment theorem
● opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral
7 h
90°
● angle in a semicircle 15 66°
i
39° ● tangents from an external point to a circle are equal in
● angle sum of triangle length
● in an isosceles triangle, equal angles opposite equal sides
8 j
90°
● alternate segment theorem
● angle in a semicircle
k
26°
● angle sum of triangle
l
26°
● angles in the same segment

669
 ANSWERS

2 2 2
3 a (x  12)  14 b (x  32)  14 c (x  52)  249
Chapter 37 3 2 13 9)
2 1
d (x  
2)  
4 e (x  2  
4

Exercise 37A 4 a 2(x  1)2  2 b 2(x  3)2  10 c 3(x  4)2  58

1 a (x  1)2  1 b (x  2)2  4 d 5(x  2)2  39 e 6(x  5)2  1
c (x  6)2  36 d (x  10)2  100
5 a 17  (x  1)2 b 13  (x  2)2 c 19  (x  3)2
e (x  12)2  144 f (x  3)2  9 2 2
g (x  4)2  16 h (x  7)2  49 d 414  (x  1)
2 e 314  (x  3

2)

i (x  9)2  81 j (x  11)2  121 6 a p
5q
7 b 7

2 a (x  3)2  1 b (x  4)2  4 7 a (x  1)2  4 b (1, 4)
c (x  7)2  39 d (x  8)2  65
8 a 7  (x  1)2 b (1, 7)
e (x  12)2  152 f (x  1)2  15 2
g (x  2)2  14 h (x  5)2  42 9 a 2(x  12)  32 b (12, 32)
i (x  20)2  380 j (x  13)2  179 10 Both values
9

670
 ANSWERS

7 6.41, 1.41 8 1.32, 5.32 9 4.19, 1.19

Chapter 38
10 0.219, 2.28
Exercise 38A 11 0.634, 2.37 12 1.22, 3.28 13 0.608, 4.11
1 a 3 14 1.63, 0.368 15 3.44, 0.436 16 0.479, 3.48
2 4 3 2 4 10 5 9 6 32 17 0.167, 1.59 18 0.135, 2.47 19 1.79, 2.79
7 a 3, 5 20 3.22, 6.22 21 6.47, 2.47 22 1.28, 6.28
8 0, 4 9 2, 32 10 12, 43 11 14, 52 23 7.42, 2.42 24 0.898, 3.90 25 9.12, 0.877
12 0, 7 13 0, 5 14 0, 1 15 0, 12 26 1.62, 0.618 27 3.23, 0.775
16 0, 53 17 1, 4 18 2, 4 19 1, 8
20 3, 4 21 2, 4 22 2, 5 23 3, 4
Exercise 38D
1 1 a 1, 3 b 6, 1 c 1.5, 2
24 12, 1 25 1, 7 26 2,  27 3, 12
1 5
2
d 3, 4 e 0, 2 f 2, 0.75
28 4, 
2 29 ,
2 1 30 5, 12 31 13, 2 g 5, 0.5 h 2, 6 i 3, 1
32 1, 12 33 1, 1
3 34 1, 1
5 35 2, 4 2 a 6.16, 0.162 b 6.46, 0.464 c 1.78, 0.281
36 5, 1 37 1, 4 38 7, 1 39 2, 4 d 0.808, 2.47 e 0.204, 1.83 f 7.77, 0.772
40 1, 6 41 3, 1 42 3, 12 43 1, 53 3 a 2, 17 b 5, 15 c 3, 24 d 1, 95 e 0, 0.5
44 3, 53 45 1, 121 46 3, 72 47 1, 4
48 3, 4 49 0, 6 50 0, 2 51 2, 5
Exercise 38E
1 11, 12 or 11, 12
52 7, 1
2 9, 13 or 9, 13

Exercise 38B 3 16 cm

1 a i 3 
19
 ii 1.36, 7.36 4 8 cm
b i 2 
11
 ii 5.32, 1.32 5 height
8 cm, base
12 cm
c i 3 
8
 ii 5.83, 0.172 6 1.5 or 5.5
d i 5 
20
 ii 9.47, 0.528
2x(x  10)
e i 1 
6 ii 1.45, 3.45 7 a  c x
15, x
5 d 10 cm
f i 5 
21
 ii 9.58, 0.417 2
8 c x
6, x
15 d 11 cm
2 a 1.58, 7.58 b 5.74, 1.74 c 12.5, 0.481
d 6.24, 1.76 e 9.52, 0.525 f 6.14, 1.14 9 b x
9, x
12 c 24 m
10 b x
4.5, x
6 c 4.5 cm
Exercise 38C 11 2.5, 0.4
1 0.764, 5.24 2 0.683, 7.32 3 0.641, 9.36 12 c x
3, x
1.25 d 5 km/h
4 1.80, 7.80 5 0.472, 8.47 6 5.16, 1.16 13 c x
1.5, x
2.5 d £1.50

671
 ANSWERS

2 a i 30, 150 ii 84.3, 275.7 iii 45, 225

Chapter 39 3 a Show one value is 19.5
Exercise 39A b 19.5, 160.5, 379.5, 520.5

1 a i 8.94 cm ii 13.6 cm iii 15.3 cm iv 15.8 cm 4 a Show one value is 107.5

b i 58.4° ii 72.9° iii 55.5° b 252.5, 107.5, 107.5, 252.5

2 a 13 cm 5 143.1, 36.9, 216.9

b i 19.8 cm ii 19.2 cm
c i 67.4° ii 38.7°
Exercise 39D
3 a i 14.1 cm ii 7.07 cm
1 a i 21.9 cm2 ii 29.2 cm2 iii 27.5 cm2
b 13.2 cm c 61.9° d 56.2°
iv 10.3 cm2 v 15.4 cm2 vi 30.0 cm2
e 14.1 cm f 70.5°
2 103 cm2
3 33.3°
Exercise 39B 4 16.8 m2
1 69.3° 5 a 11.4 cm2 b 11.4 cm2
2 a 51.3° b 49.1° c 38.7° d 90° c Both areas are the same as sin 155°
sin 25°
3 a 51.3° b 63.4° c 46.7° d 38.7° 6 a 45° b 12.7 cm2 c 102 cm2
4 78.2° 2
7 65.0 m
5 a 15.6 m 8 a 62.4 cm2 b 374 cm2
b i 26.6° ii 36.9° iii 22.6° 9 a 24.5 cm2 b 27.9 cm2 c 3.41 cm2
6 a 470 m b 171 m c 985 m d 848 m
7 a 86.5 cm b 63.9°
Exercise 39E
1 a 8.06 cm b 7.19 cm c 6.35 cm d 9.01 cm
Exercise 39C e 15.0 cm f f
6.06 cm, g
11.4 cm
1 a y 2 a 45.0° b 63.6° c 23.6° d 43.3°, 63.7°
1 3 a 13.3 cm b 39.3° c 154.7°
4 a 9.72 cm b 9.89 cm c 37.9 cm2
0.5 5 a 66.0° b 7.63 cm
6 a i 42° ii 55°
360 θ
O b 9.79 km c 11.9 km d 6.55 km
360 180 180
0.5
Exercise 39F
1 1 a 8.79 cm b 12.6 cm c 5.01 cm
d 8.42 cm e 15.3 cm f 16.1 cm
b y 2 a 54.7° b 81.2° c 46.0° d 131.2°
1 3 a 22.4 cm b 127.7° c 161 cm2
4 24.6° cm
0.5 5 52.8°
6 12.6 cm
360 180 O 180 360 θ 7 103.6°
0.5 8 a 68° b 91.0 m
9 16.7 km
1 10 7.71 cm and 11.9 cm

c y
8
Exercise 39G
6 1 a 70.5°, 59.0°, 50.5° b 42.4 cm
4 2 a 9.68 cm b 43.0° c 17.7 cm
2 3 a 7.32 cm b 6.65 cm c 79.0°

360 θ
O 4 a 6.76 cm b 75° c 13.1 cm d 19.9 cm
360 180 2 180
5 a 039° b 148°
4
6 50°
6
8 7 a 70° b 4.43°
8 a 73.2° b 26.2 m c 67.6° d 22.6°

672
 ANSWERS

b y
x
Chapter 40 y
6
Exercise 40A 4
1 a x
0, y
0 or x
1, y
2 2
b x
1, y
4 or x
3, y
0
c x
4, y
11 or x
1, y
4 x
6 4 2 O 2 4 6
d x
1, y
5 or x
5, y
9 2
2 a x
3, y
13 or x
1.5, y
0.5 y
x
4
b x
1, y
1 or x
43, y
130
6
c x
1, y
3 or x
52, y
10
d x
2, y
1 or x
1, y
2 c y
x y
e x
4, y
16 or x
2, y
4 y
x
6
f x
2, y
3 or x
83, y
595
4
3 a (1, 3) and (3, 3) b (5, 5) and (1, 5)
c (1, 4) and (4, 4) d (2, 1) and (0.5, 1) 2

4 a (3, 9) and (2, 4) b (2, 2) and (1, 1) x

6 4 2 O 2 4 6
c (1, 2) and (0.5, 0.5) d (1, 5) and (0.5, 3.5) 2
e (1, 1) and (5, 5) f (2, 1) and (0.25, 0.125)
4

Exercise 40B 6
1 a x
3 y d y
x y
4 6
2 4

2
O x
2 4 6
2
x
6 4 2 O 2 4 6
4 2
b x
2 y y
x
4
4 6
2 3 x  y
36
2 2

x
2 O 2 4 6
x 4 a x b y c i y
x ii y
 iii y
x  1
2 2
5 a y1 b
x
2
 ( y
 3)2
4
x2  8 x2
c y
2 y c y
 or y
  2
4 4
4 6 y
x1
2 7 a, b y

O x 6
4 2 2 4
2 4
d y
1 y 2
4
x
6 4 2 O 2 4 6
2 2

O x 4
4 2 2 4
2 6
4 c x
2.3, y
3.3 or x
3.3, y
2.3
2 a y
x y 8 a y x
1.8, y
3.6
y
x or x
1.8,
6 6
y
3.6
4 4

2 2

x x
6 4 2 O 2 4 6 6 4 2 O 2 4 6
2 2

4 4

6 6

673
 ANSWERS

b y 4 a i y2
13 which is impossible

8 ii y
x
7
6 8

4 6

2 4

2
x
8 6 4 2 O 2 4 6 8
2
x
8 6 4 2 O 2 4 6 8
4 2

6 4

8 6

x
6.8, y
4.2 8
or x
1.3, y
7.9 b i y2
0, so the only solution is x
6, y
0
9 a x
3, y
4 or x
4, y
3 ii y
b x
8, y
6 or x
6, y
8 x
6
8

Exercise 40C 6

1 a x
1, y
3 or x
3, y
1 4
b x
2, y
4 or x
4, y
2
2
c x
1, y
5 or x
3.4, y
3.8
d x
2, y
6 or x
6, y
2 x
8 6 4 2 O 2 4 6 8
2 a x
3, y
6 or x
6, y
3 2
b x
3, y
4 or x
4, y
3 4
c x
5, y
3 or x
5.4, y
2.2
d x
2, y
3 or x
3.6, y
0.2 6

3 a x
4.87, y
1.13 or x
1.13, y
4.87 8

b x
2.62, y
4.81 or x
5.42, y
0.790
c x
5.36, y
3.36 or x
3.36, y
5.36
d x
5.16, y
4.83 or x
6.96, y
1.23

674
 ANSWERS

Chapter 41 Exercise 41C

1 180 cm2 2 500 cm2
Exercise 41A 3 10 cm 2
4 135 cm2
1 a 36° b i 10.2 cm ii 2.6 cm 5 128 cm 2
6 25 cm2
2 a 5.4 cm b 2.6 cm 7 24 8 a 24 b 5
3 a 4.8 cm b 3.9 cm 9 a 12 b 4.5 10 18
4 a 5 cm b 3.6 cm 11 a 13.5 b 3.9 12 a 6.3 b 2.5
5 a 1.8 cm b 8.7 cm
6 a 16 cm b 7.8 cm Exercise 41D
7 a 1.2 cm b 5.6 cm 1 540 cm3 2 7000 cm3
8 a 4.2 cm b 3.8 cm 3 320 cm 3
4 1250 cm3
9 a 4.5 cm b 5.2 cm 5 625 cm 3
6 1458 cm3
10 a 6 cm b 2.4 cm 7 30 8 a 30 b 4.5
9 18 10 a 36 b 14
Exercise 41B
11 a 27 b 25 12 28
1 3.5
2 7.2
10 15 9 15
Exercise 41E
3 
 or 
 1 5000 cm3 2 180 cm2
4 9 4 10
3
11.2 6.4 8.4 11.2 3 54 cm 4 588 cm2
4 Similar because 

1.3 or 

1.75 3
8.4 4.8 4.8 6.4 5 a 12 b 81 cm
25 20 15 25 6 a 8.5 b 4.6 c 350 cm2
5 Not similar because 
 or 

15 10 10 20 7 a 6.5 b 81 cm 3

6 a 12 b 2.5 8 a 14.5 b 648 cm3

7 a 4.8 b 4.6 9 256 cm 3

8 a 6.5 b 4.8 10 144 cm2

675
 ANSWERS

Chapter 42 Exercise 42C

1 a 4 b 2.5 c 20 d 14
Exercise 42A 10
2 a 16 b 20 c 13.5 d 
1 a 15 b 7.5 3
c 9.9 d 2.25 486
3 a T
 b 81 c 2.7
2 a 2.5 b 5 N
6
 65
 6
c 7 d 8 4 a l
 b 1.875 c
6

3 a T
0.112N b 33.6 c 875 w
34048
4 a D
54A b 243 c 6 5 a f
 b 136 c 113
l
5 a T
62.5A b 112.5 c 2.88 litres
6 a 1 b 2.5 c 45 d 28.8
6 a P
3l b 1.8 c 20%
7 a 8 b 5 c 0.1 d 5
1000
Exercise 42B 8 a D

2
b 62.5 c 8.16 d 7.94
r
1 a 18 b 160 c 63 d 300
25.92
2 a 6 b 9 c 8 d 1.6 9 a I
 2
b 8 c 2.08
d
3 a A
0.165l 2
b 10.4 c 17.5 8
10 a P
2 b 32 c 0.115
r2 x
4 a H
 b 1.6 c 30
10
5 a Q
250I 2 b 2250 c 2.83
Exercise 42D
1 a 15 b 35 c 12 d 2
6 a P
1.4s2 b 875 c 35
2 a 4 b 25 c 100 d 81
7 a 54 b 33.75
c 67.5 d 3276.8 3 a 0.8 b 1.25 c 8 d 0.1
4 a 6.25 b 1 c 1 d 64
125 4
8 a y
x3 b 9.6
64 5 a T
0.894
h
 b 6.32 c 31.3 metres

676
 ANSWERS

→
Chapter 43 3 PR

10
5  
Exercise 43A
2 i ii iii iv v
4 a i 43 ii 43
B D b pq
qp
a b c i
8
10  
108
A
c
ii
C
d (p  q)  r
p  (q  r)

→ 
→ 
→ 
→
3 a i AB
56 ii BC
12
1
 iii AC
64 5 a ED has the same magnitude (length) and the same
→
direction as AB
b 5  1
4, 6  12
6 
→  →
going from A to B and then from B to C is the same as So ED
AB
n
going from A to C b i nm ii n  m  p
→
4 a y c m  n or n  m or AC
7
C
6 Exercise 43D
B
5 3 a i 20
15
ii 126 iii 10
30
iv 26
48
4

100
D
3 b i 5 ii 10 as 2m  p

2 → → 
→
2
1
4 a i OP

5   b i PQ
45 ii RS
16
20

A
x c PQ and RS are parallel and the length of RS is 4 length
O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 of PQ
→
b AD

9
3  c trapezium
5 (16, 8)

→ → 6 i a  b or b  a
d numbers in AD are three times the numbers in BC ii the midpoint of OB
→  →  →
5 a y 7 a AB, EF , GH are parallel
5 b i 5p  3q ii 6m  14n
D C 8 a 2m b 2m  n c mx d x
mn
4

3
Exercise 43E
2
→ →
1
A B
1 a i AB

3
9  ii AC
279
O x b A, B and C lie on a straight line with AC
3AB
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
2 a P(2, 4) b Q(5, 5) c R(7, 3) d S(4, 2)
→ →
b i DC

4
0  ii CB

2
3   →
e i PQ

3


→
ii SR

3

1 1
c i the same/equal
→ → f PQRS is a parallelogram as PQ and SR are parallel and
ii numbers in CB are the negative of numbers in AD equal in length

→
3 iii AB
a  b
b  a
Exercise 43B 
→
1 a
c, d
g, b
h iii AP
12(b  a)

→
2 vi 13 ii 13 iii
10
 iii OP
12a  12b
12(a  b)
iv 74 v 17 vi
80
 
→
4 iii OP
12a  12
3 a AB
25 →
b AC
25 so AB
AC i.e. Triangle ABC is isosceles iii OC
a  b
→ →
4 As AB
BC
CD
DA, ABCD is a rhombus iii OQ
12OC
12(a  b)
12a  12b
iv P and Q are the same point
Exercise 43C iv The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other

2 a 68 b 48 c 24 d 59 e 8

3
5 a A trapezium as LM and KN are parallel
b n
2m  k

677
 ANSWERS

→ →
6 a i AB
a  b b MR
m  3n
→ → →
ii AE
14 b c MR
4MQ so MR and MQ are parallel but with
→ point M in common. This means that MQR is a
iii OE
a  14
straight line
→
iv OF
b  14 a
14 a  b →
→ 8 iii NM
2b
v EF
34 a  34 b →
b EF and AB are parallel iii OS
2a  b
→
The length of EF is 34  the length of AB; that is iii OT
2b  4a
4a  2b
EF
34 AB iv S is the mid-point of OT

→
7 a i 1
2
3
m  12 n v QR
3a  2b
  18
24
QR
30
ii 
4 m  34 n
1
iii 
4 m  34 n

678
 ANSWERS

5
Chapter 44 y
4
Exercise 44A
1
1 a 8 b 28 c 17 d 2 e 
2 3
(a)
2 a 19 b 3 c 4 d 3116 e 314
3 a x2  1 b x2  3 c 2x 2
2
d 14x 2 e 3x 2  1
4 a (x  1)2 b (x  3)2 c 4x 2
d 116 x 2 e (3x –1)2 1
5 a 3x  1 b 3x  7 c 2(3x  1)
d 3x  2 e 2  3x
2 O 2 x
Exercise 44B
1 i a y
x5 b y
x4 1
ii a y
x 2  1 b y
x2  5
2 a y
x2  12
2
b y
x2  8
(b)
c Translation of 7 units vertically in the positive y direction
or
0
7  3

3 y
4
6

Exercise 44C
4
1 i a y
x3 b y
x5
ii a y
(x  3)2 b y
(x  4)2
2 2 y
(a) 4
(a) 3
O x (b)
4 2 2
2
(b)
2 1

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 x
4 1

4 y
3
8 y
7
6 6

5
(b)
4 4 (b)
3
2 2

2 O x x
2 5 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
1
2 2
(a)
(a) 3
4 4

5
6 4 a (3, 2)
b (1, 2)
c (0, 4)
8
d (0, 1)

679
 ANSWERS

5 y Exercise 44E
10 1 y
(a)
8 6
6 5
4 4
2 3
(b)

x 2
5 4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
2 1
(a) (b)
4
x
3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6
6 1

2
Exercise 44D 3
1 a y 4
4 5
3 6
(a) y
f(x)
2 2
1 (b) y
f(x) y
6 (b)
x
4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4
1 5

2 4

3 3

4 2 (a)
b y 1

4 x
4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 1

2 2

1
(b) y
f(x) 3

3 a A stretch of scale factor 2 parallel to the y axis

x
4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4
1 b A stretch of scale factor 12 parallel to the x axis

2 4 y
3x(x  2)
5 y
19 x 2
3
(a) y
f(x) 6 a y
12x 2
4
b y
4x 2
c y
7 a (5, 6)
3
(a) y
f(x) b (5, 1.5)
2
c (53, 3)
1 d (15, 3)
x
4 3 2 1 O 1 2 3 4
1 Exercise 44F
2 1 a y
(b) y
f(x)
3 1

4

2 y
(2x  3) O x
90° 180° 270° 360°
3 y
x(2  x)
4 a (3, 1) 1
b (3, 1)

680
 ANSWERS

b y b y
(i) (ii)
2 3

1 2

1
O x
90° 180° 270° 360°
1
O x
90° 180° 270° 360°
2 (ii) 1
(i)
3 a A translation of 30 units horizontally in the positive
2 a y x direction followed by a stretch of scale factor 5 parallel
to the y-axis
1
b A stretch of scale factor 12 parallel to the x axis followed
by a reflection in the x-axis
c A reflection in the y-axis followed by a stretch of scale
O 90° 180° 270° 360°
x factor 13 parallel to the y-axis
4 a y
3 cos x° b y
cos x°
1 5 a 4 b 3 c 0 d 14
e 1 f 7 g 1 h 212

681