Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
INTRODUCTION
CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
CHATACTERICS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Entrepreneurship posses include certain characteristic They are listed below:
1. Adventurism
2. Risk Bearing
3. Innovation of new Ideas
4. Identification of new usage
5. Resolveness.
IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Many industries develops cold feel mainly because of their perception of the
industries climate in Kerala. Entrepreneur who have some to this state have
pointed out the following factors which are poisoning the
industries…………………………
Firstly the bureaucracy and the trade union polluted the industrial
lonospheres. The red tape cum in Government and thus raising his social
status rather entering the field of the industry.
Political awareness is very high in Kerala. The result is no single party has
been able to form a single Govt in the state. The political character of the
state is much that its administration has been under different untis tents
consisting of a conglomeration of political parties.This has creates a lot it
uncertainity of and has contribute to the relatively…………pure of
industrialization in the state.
The eldest Hindu’s who originally almost entire land in the state, were
looked upon by them as interior occupation. Hence no entrepreneurial class
could develop from among them. Kerala’s Societies the the landlord a place
of prominence. Hence even the trading classes were more interested in
acquires loaded property.
“Well began is half done “will hold well in the case of India’s
entrepreneurship.
India does not posses of good record of entreprenurship. However its image
is definitely improviding concerted effort of liberalization has amade the
countries of the world sit back and look at India develop its own branch of
entrepreneurship. In the recent part India’s status is the industrial world has
grown from humble surroundings in now the truth industrialized nation of
the world.
However India has essentially been an adoptive entrepreneur. It has
now to prepare itself which an entrepreneurship of a different order that of
the innovate type. This will require the harnessing of India true potential
through tremendous advances of science and technology. It is essential that
the Government and the people must have a more nature and fine approach
toward the concept of entrepreneurs. Then only would it be possible for
nation to match the level reached by advanced countries. A good beginning
in this direction has been and one hope the adage countries become
economic goods usual to maintain because of the efforts of entrepreneurs. In
this ebsensence may scientific discoveries would have remained as they
were it should be remember that innovation is key to entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurs have contributed many innovations is developed new product
and in the existing product and services. All these have result in economic
development by producing more employment more income, export of
product and service and making available better product and serve is to the
people.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
The procedure for setting up of small scale industrial unit is givn below.
1) Selection of product and preparation of project profiles.
2) Direct purchase of land or obtaining land the industrial estates.
3) Regiatration in case of formation of company or partnership concern.
4) Agreement with foreign collaboration if required.
5) Obtaining letter of indent or provisional SSI registration
6) Obtaining foreign collaboration approval from the Govt. of India.
7) Preparation of detailed project report.
8) Obtaining import license.
9) Applying for power connection to Kerala state electricity Board.
10) Obtaining Municipal license ( License from local authority)
11) Opening letter of credit for imported machinery and equipment, if any.
12) Selectoion of administratives and technical personal for running the
industrial unit.
13) Placement of orders for supply of local machinery.
14) Completion of civil works.
15) Delivery of importedand local machinery and equipment
16) Erection of machinery and equipments.
17) Obtaining clearance from pollution control board.
18) Trial run and commissioning of plant.
19) Start of commercial production.
20) Arrangement for sale of products.
21) Obtain industrial license or permanent SSI registration.
PROJECT FOR A
SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
1.ECONOMIC ASPECTS
2. TECHNICAL ASPECTS.
Project report should given a clear picture of the techniques required the
machinery and equipment and the sources from which they can be obtained.
3. FINANCIAL ASPECTS.
The project report should reveal the complete information regarding the
sources of financial availability the contribution of the entrepreneur etc.
4. PRODUCTION ASPECTS
The projects report should clarify details the products selected for
production and the reason for making such a selection the reports should
also be given in the reports
5. MANAGERIAL ASPECTS
3. Location
6. Production Process
7. Utilities
Water, power, steem, compressed air requirement, cost estimates,
source of utilities.
8. Transport and communication
9. Raw materials
List of raw materials requires; quality and quantity of raw materials, tie up
arrangements, alternative raw materials, if any.
10.Man power
11.Products
Product mix, estimated sales, distribution channels, competitors and their
capacities, product standard, input – output ratio, product substitute.
13. Market
Working capital required sources bear for collateral security nature and
extece of credit facilities offered and available.
1. Pre-investment Phase
2. Construction Phase
3. Normalization Phase.
In the first phase i.e., pre-investment phase comprises of three distinct phase
i.e., consumption phase, definition phase, planning and organizing phase. In
the next or second phase (construction phase) is known as implementation
phase and in the third and last phase i.e., normalization phase is also known
as clean up phase.
This is the first stage or phase where the project idea germinates. The
idea come to the mind when one seriously attending to over come certain of
either the available funds , plant capacity, expertire one is after the problems
like an ant he looks around possible that an idea suddenly flash to his mind
wishes might provide him with idea or ideas. From what ever source he gets
the ideas there are they are comared to completing ideas. Taken care of any
factory or plant which is operating at lower capacity than it has and is having
hight power consumption resulting into higher cost of production per unit.
This situation is not at all acceptable and there for it pays to go in for new
technology, replace some critical item selectively or scrap the plant
altogether and go in for lates technology when within the resource
constraints especially finance, keeping up the man power already working
and raw materials. Hence these ideas need to be examined in the spot light
of one side objectives and the constraints. Finally the business house has to
work between these extremes comprises that given the best result. This is the
fasion in which business ideas are usually conceived . A well conceived
project is sure to go a long way for brilliant success thought implementation.
This definition stage of the project to support the ida or idea generated at
conceptual stage by documentation or by defining it in concrete form. In this
phase it include quantity and quality of raw material, size or capacity of
plant, location and the site of the plant, the technology tobe employed, lay
out of projects, electrical and instrumentation works, civil engineering work,
plant utilities, man power needs and organization design, financial analysis,
schedule of implementation etc. should be considered.
This phase give an idea about what company is during because the
configuration on paper is seen that hectic activities are going on plan site.
This is project people are on work site for the first time, starting work as per
plan. Nearly 80 to 85% of total work is completed during this phase. It
include preparation, specification for equipment and machinery, placing
order for plant parts and machinery and other equipments, lining up
construction contractors, giving of construction drawing, civil construction
of equipment foundation arection of plant, machineries, electicals, piping,
plumping, instrumention, testing, trial run commissioning of plant.
This phase is very crucial and complex, need for greater co-ordination
and control.
3. NORMALISATION PHASE
In this phase transfer of project to the owner is occurred. To satisfy the client
the contractor and specialized experts are to be run several test runs. In case
the client needs to change at this stage that as to be met by the project
experts and contractors. Finally project completion accounts are closed,
material reconciliation is carried out, outstanding payments are made, if any
and all the dues are collected during this phase