Ubersetzungen von DIN-Normen Manuskriptibersetzungen Die in Kopie beigefiigte Rohtibersetzung wurde vom DIN-Sprachendienst nicht auf ihre Richtigkeit gepriift. Deshalb schlieBt das Deutsche Institut far Normung e.V. (DIN) ausdriicklich jegliche Haftung fir deren Richtigkeit bzw. Vollstndigkeit aus. Translations of DIN-Standards Typescript translations The attached typescript translation has not been checked by DIN- Sprachendienst for tts accuracy. Deutsches Institut fiir Normung e.V. (DIN) cannot, therefore, assume responsibility for its correctness or completeness. On no account shall the translation be considered authorized by DIN. Beuth Verlag GmbH Berlin « Wien « ZirichTechnical Help to Exporters TRANSLATION DIN 1451 Part 4 August 1987 ‘TYPEFACES: LINEAL LINEAR-ANTTQUA, STENCILED LETTERING FOR ENGRAVING AND OTHER PROCESSES original language version ‘Schriften Serifenlose Linear~Antiqua Schablonenschrift fur Gravieren und andere Verfahren issued by DEUTSCHE INSTITUT FUR NORMUNG Postfach 1107 D-1000 Berlin 30 WEST GERMANY Technical Help to Exporters has taken all reasonable measures to enaure tho accuracy of this translation but regrets that no responsibility can be accepted for any errot, omission or inaccuracy. In cases of doubt or Gispute, the original language text only is valid. © Technicat Help to Exporters British Standards Institution Linford Wood, Milton Keynes, MK14 6LE Tol: Milton Keynes (0908) 220022Telex: 625777UDC 003.344.292.1:003.587 DEUTSCHE NORM August 1987 DIN 1451 Part 4 Partially cupercedes the standard DIN 1451/02.51 withdrawn in August 1981 TYPEFACES: LINEAL LINEAR-ANTIQUA, STENCILED LETTERING FOR ENGRAVING AND OTHER PROCESSES Dimensions in mm 1 Field of application and pnrpase This standard applies to typefaces which by means of stencils are engraved, written or applied by means of anuller suitable method to a type plate. The purpose of this standard is to specify a uniform method of lettering using an easily legible typeface which does not date. 2 Concepts For the basic concepts of typefaces, refer to DIN 1451 Part 1. 3 Dimensions, designation The nominal size is the height h of the capital letters (see Fig. 1). Fig. 1 Typeface characteristics aH - amburg 9 AachenS ° 2 et x 3 ed a 8 a § 2 5 5 % e 3 30° favo | 12] v0 s¢o| 20 | evo| wo] zo | avo] yun) | F B 6 =e 7 en er| oo} ve " 1 |v] te | * Bom g ! | 9 iw & 3g col op] 9] of vs] ex] ve) vel cefoz| xf yaen] @ i 8 R08 oF a) levo | 12>] 10] v0] 270] aro] eco} zo] ero] xv | zro} wen | © nr) a fog | a e 8 w|o)alesls lo vifeci}orr] 1 foro ven | > 5 | pee 3 g Z Ge] ul of ele} o 3] a] en paper as a ! gs a suotsuawg ora g A S = a Be = 8 4 £8 aS a 3 & 3 ad &DIN 1451 Paart 4 1) Typeface sizes given in brackets are to be avoided where possible (see DIN 1450). If lypeface sizes above h = zU mm are required tor special applications, then by agreement these may be formed by multiplying the dimensions given in the table by the factor 10 2) In accordance with the production method used in each case, the spacing between the characters (a) may be increased by 1/2 d to 1 din the case of typefaces < 3.5 mm (see also section 6) 3) In the case of capital lettere with diacritical signs (cg 4, 8) the spacing between the datum lines (b) is to be increased to (13/7) hb - see Fig. 2 4) Im accordance with the production method used in each case, the spacing between words in the case of typeface sizes <= 3.5 mm may be increased by 1 d (see also section 6) 5) Ink writing instruments without ink grading are to be used for the graphic reproduction of typefaces in accordance with this standard using lettering stencils *). For this purpose maximum line width deviation from @ = 0.29 mm (h > 2 mm) may he 4+ 10% unless otherwise specitied the general tolerances DIN 7168 - f apply as maximum deviations. For dimensions 0.5 mm a maximun deviation of + 0.002 mm is applicable. Fig. 2 Spacing between datum lines (line spacing) i ) Information on reference cources is obtainable from: DIN-Dezugsqueilen fiir normgerechte Erzeugnisse. Postfach 1107, 1000 Rerlin 30 3DIN 1451 Part 4 4 Typefaces 4.1 ‘Typeface G (close-spaced lettering) Note: The characters may also have angular ends depending upon the production method (see also section 5). 7 tt STH eaRiny if AnEDEE GHENT? Hi on Tn te FeeDIN 1481 Part 4 4.2 Typeface H (medium-spaced lettoring) Note: The characters may also have angular ends depending upon the production method (see also section 5). fy ie W i i FALEDIN 1451 Part 4 4.3 Comparison between characters with round and angular line ends For lettering with stencils (up to typeface size 8 mm), but for single-contour engraving in each case, the lines of the characters always have rounded ends according to the tool and their diameter corresponds with the line width. Por characters with sloping lines (eg in the case of capital letters A, K, V, W, X ila.) the character width is slightly reduced compared to tne angular (double-contour) representation which shall again be compensated by changing the centre line when making up tools so that the same character width is maintained for both design types (see Fig. 3) and the centre line of the design with rounded ends is no longer in the middle of the broken line representing the character with the angular design. Fig. 3 Position of the centre line (core) 5 Dimensions of typefaces The centre line (printed in plack) in Fig. 3 (also called the equidistant or core) torms the guiding line poth for numerically controlled scribing machines and for engraving machines for producing typefaces or writing tools with round line ends, a complete illustration of which can be seen in the grid representations in sections 4.1 and 4.2.‘vhe double-contour (printed in blue) represents the angular typeface design, the dimensioning of which can be deduced as a rule from the centre line 1/7-h), which in the case information regarding the additional dimensions. In contrast to the centre coutour representalion is as such is the definition using the determined line width (a = of deviations however, or for quicker total character width, is identified by line (printed in black) the double not identical Lo the guiding Li: of the end product. The guiding Line but shall be additionally calculated and taken into account while paying attention to the selected diameter of the cutting or writing tool. Note: Existing (earlier) which therefore do pictures were used for illustration not correspond with all the details of the latest regulations.DIN 1451 Part 4 5.1 Ratios for typeface G (Details in line widths 4(= 1/7.h) tof pose al 4 er se femeeen te GOH LeleDIN 1451 Part 4DIN 1451 Part 4 5.2 Ratios for typeface H Details in line width (= 1/7.h) a | 4 = DAZE IFABI| rod a me “BESS GQuslke | “ttle a). aoe els ewe "1 he Le eC) SZ CV) SS, AN =m _ yan == t « 7 —< iD Za ra TS a i AI ali a By ol 8 ) ce TW Axa 8 3 Se, tsa tsDIN 1451 Part 4 i a oeDIN 1451 Part 4 5.3 Ratios for diacritical signs 5.3.1 Typeface G (Supplement to section 5.1) ig mst_ HaggesDIN 1451 Part 4 6 Space requirement The space required for designing letters (eq engravings) and drawings (artwork) can either be determined as a rough estimate (see section 6.1) or by calculation using individual figures (soo section 6.2). The distance between characters (a) and words (e) is to be checked if necessary using design samples referring Lo a uniform, complete typeface eg the distance between characters (a) for several combinations (eg LT, AW) may be reduced by 1 4 in comparison with the figure in table 1. 6.1 Calculation as a rough estimate 6.1.1 Line length The line length is calculated using the formule 1 = word or line length in mn : line factor (see table 2) n = number of characters h = size of typeface in m Spaces hetween words are counted as letters. Table 2 Line factor ‘wypetace 1 t G ine factor f 0.55 0.7 1DIN 1451 Part 4 Example: Typeface DIN 1451 - H6 ade in Germany fines in Permany Fig. 4 Example calculation: l=f.n.h =0.7.15.6= 63 mm 6.1.2 Field of inscription The size of a field of inscription is calculated using the following formula: Length of field L Width of field B 1 +r in mm h+Ob+k +tutyinm where: 1 and h see section 6.1.1 b = nominal distance between the datum lines (line distance 1)) x = cdge distance (r = h) in mm kK = (1/7) h supplement for ascenders in the case of capital letters with diacritical signs (eg 4, f) u = (2/7) h supplement for descenders in the case of letters in lower case (eg g, y) or with diacritical signs (eg g) in the last line. 1) see table 1 (footnote 3)) 15DIN 1451 Part 4 Example: Typeface DIN 1451 - H6 Fig. 5 Example jade in Germany| | | Calculation: L B a" + n 0 63 + 6 = 69 mm 0 h+Ob+k+ut+r=6410.3+0+0+6-= 22.3 mm. 6.2 Calculation using individual values 6.2.1 Line length The line length is calculated using the formula Z2= 251+ fe in m word length ° n distance between words (see table 1) The word length is calculated using the formula 1 =u (28,) +a (n- 2) inm where: s, = factor for character widths (s, = s/h) n = number of characters h and a (see table 1) : 8 = character widths (s = s) . h) in mm 16DIN 1451 Part 4 ‘able 3 Factors for character widths, 1 2 (Keema | em | ore ee |e |e c 043 029 | 043 | aaa | are | art | aaa | amr | ov 4 asi | os7 | a0 | 067 | o€7 | oac | anr | os | arm | 020 | oar | oa | 100 ¢ 048 029 | 043 | 04s | ort 048 | os7 [aso | as7 | os | 057 | esr | 100 oar | Ale|{cjolelefalufilsul«leclu © os7 043 - 014 | 029 | 043 | 04a | 066 | [« os | art | a7 ory, 079 | o71 | 014 | 060 | ort | 057 | 086 6 043 0.50 950 | os | aso | 050 | 043 H art | oro | a7: | 09a | ont ort [ort | we on tl2{s{4}sjej7{[sfofo % e azo | 7 088 1a | # 04 Os? : asa | ort | a {| ¢ pit i- x |? 6 021 | 074 | 014 | ane | ono 08 0. | 040 | 028 | __ [oa [oa | ow for | ow oss 014 | 04s | 057 6 oz | ori | os7 # 100 | 1.00 | as7 | ose | 050 BIelOlLAlS 6 o7t | 071 | os7 | os7 4 is | 114 | 079 | 068 | 0.75 a7Example: Typeface DIN 1451 - H6 Fig. 6 Example caicntation: Made Ika) e041 inn (6 (086 +064 +057 +057 +086 4-0 i= 584 + 258 t= 1942mm il Lah @s) +2 (e—9 iomm in 1=6 (0,29 + 0,57) + 0,86 (2-1) 12426 4086 Iosi2mm Germany {2# 0820-9 tom 150 (0,79 + 0.57 +05 + 1.0 +058 + 057 +057) + 086 (/ — 9) 19784 4 636 1=530mm i Z=BLi Be iam Made in Germany rieavswtasesees Z=s056486 Z=65.14mm 186.2.2 Fiel The size of following £ Field lengt! Field width where: b, h Z r= k= Example: Ty) DIN 1451 Part 4 d of inscription a field of inecription ie calculated using the ormula ho L=Z+r in mm Beh+=Eb+k+u+rinm , ¥ see section 6.1.2 line length (see section 6.2.1) edge distance (r = h) (1/7) h supplement for ascenders in the case of capital letters with diacritical signs (cg 4, &) (2/7) bh supplement for descenders in the case of letters in lower case (eg g, y) or diacritical signs (eg ¢) in the last line). . peface DIN 1451 - H6 Fig. 7 Example calculation he Zie inenm | Maschinenfabri Ruf: 1451 6 (0.85 + 0.66 4.0.57 +05 + 057 + 0.14 +057 + 0.57 +057 +036 + 0,64 +057 +05+0.14 40.57) +6 = 48.62em DAs Eb thew sr 642-109 +086 16 346mm 19DIN 1 Part 4 e & a Quoted standards DIN 1450 Lettering; legibility DIN 1451 Part 1 Typefaces; lineal Linear-Antiqua, general DTN 7168 Part 1 General tolerances, linear and angular dimensions Other standards DIN 825 Part 1 Dimensions of nameplates; square and rectangular name-plates DIN 1451 Part 2 Typefaces; lineal Linear-Antiqua, lettering for transportation DIN 1451 Part 3 Typefaces: lineal Linear-Antiqua, léttering for printing Previous editions DIN 1451: 04.32, 12.36, 02.40, 02.51 Amendments The following amendments have been made to the standard DIN 1451/02.51 which was withdrawn in August 1981: Standard fully revised and divided into Parte 1 to 4. Explanatory Notes Development in the manufacture and application of typefaces has necessitated the revision of DIN 1451, February 1951 edition. The increasing importance of DIN 1451 over the past 60 years in the most varied fields of application meant that preservation of the original typeface had to be closely observed when revising the existing part. Therefore prevailing taste was not a matter for discussion. Taking account of adequate legibility, it was 20DIN 1. 1 Part 4 necessary however to check the dimensions of the individual characters. Typeface G (close-spaced lettering) was incorporated into the original typeface without exception, but the characters offered were expanded in accordance with the requirements of an information flow in excess of the limits. Alongside this expansion the following modifications were made to individual characters in typeface H (mediun-spaced lettering) in favour of a more uniform typeface (the details refer to the grid spacing of 1/7 h = d selected in Fig. 2 and section 4 for example): Character Modification Lo DIN 1451/02.51 T, 0, 6, Q 1/2 a wider Q line 1/2 d longer zt upper width 1/4 d shorter s | upper width 1/2 d shorter Figure 1 1/2 a wider 1,48 1/2 4 wider As a result of Luis, tools wnich are available in principle can be applied rurther. However it is recommended that the above modifications are observed when replacing engraving or parts thereof in order to meet the requirements for a uniforn typeface independent of the manufacturer and method of production (eg engraving, photo-etching, photo typé-setting, offset printing and silk screen printing, eroding, cutting, pressing, spraying). 2aDIN 1453 Part 4 There is no copyright on producing characters in accordance with this standard in the form of type plates (sce also DIN 1451 Part 3). Internativnal patent classitication B 42 D 15/00 22