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ĂĂŅ ÆÎİ ĔĞFĖĬĖÌĮĖİ İĞİĮĖIÊİ ĔĖ ĮĬÊÌİIĞİĞĨÌŅ IJÌ ÏĬÎĶĖĒĮÎ ĔĖ ĮĬÊÌİIĞİĞĨÌ ĊÄÇŅ OH
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ĂĂĂŅ ÆÎİ İĞİĮĖIÊİ ĔĖ ĮĬÊÌİIĞİĞĨÌ ĊÄÇŅ ŒŅ ĐÊĬĞÊĒĞĨÌ ĔĖ ĦÊ ĬIJĮÊ ĔĖ ĦÊ ĦĠÌĖÊ ĔĖ ĮĬÊÌİIĞİĞĨÌŅ 0+(
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ŒŅ ÆÎİ ĒÎÌĮĬÊĮÎİ ACCÇŅ PŅ ĆĬÎĒĖİÎ ĔĖ ĒÎÌİIJĦĮÊ ÏĬĖĴĞÊŅ C
PŅ ČĘGĞIĖÌ ÇÊĬĞFÊĬĞÎ ĔĖ ĦÎİ ĒÎÌĮĬÊĮÎİ ACCÇ ĔĖ ĊÄÇŅ ÞŅ ČĞĖİGÎİ ĬĖĦÊĮĞĴÎİ Ê ĦÊ ÎËĮĖÌĒĞĨÌ ĔĖ İĖĬĴĞĔIJIËĬĖİŇ ÊĦ
PŅŒŅ ÀÎÌİĞĔĖĬÊĒĞÎÌĖİ ÏĬĖĴĞÊİŅ İÏĖĒĮÎİ GĖÌĖĬÊĦĖİ İÊÌĖÊIĞĖÌĮÎ ĔĖ ĮĖĬĬĖÌÎİ Ķ Ê ĦÎİ ĔĖĬĖĒĜÎİ ĔĖ ÏÊİÎŅ
ĔĖ ĦÊİ ĮÊĬĞFÊİ ĔĖ ĮĬÊÌİIĞİĞĨÌŅ QŅ ÁĖİĖĪIJĞĦĞËĬĞÎ ĖĒÎÌĨIĞĒÎ FĞÌÊÌĒĞĖĬÎ ĔĖĦ ĒÎÌĮĬÊĮÎ ĊÄÇŅ
PŅPŅ ČĘGĞIĖÌ ĮÊĬĞFÊĬĞÊ ĮĠÏĞĒÎ ĊÄÇŅ RŅ ÀÎÌĮĬÊĮÊĒĞĨÌ ĔĖ İĖGIJĬÎİŅ
ĂĐŅ ĆĬĞÌĒĞÏÊĦĖİ ĮĠĮIJĦÎİ ĜÊËĞĦĞĮÊÌĮĖİ ĬĖĪIJĖĬĞĔÎİ ÏÊĬÊ ĒÎÌİĮĬIJĞĬ RH
ŔŅ ĂIÏÎİĞËĞĦĞĔÊĔ ĔĖ ĖFĖĒĮIJÊĬ ÊĔĖÌĔÊİ ÊĦ ĒÎÌĮĬÊĮÎ ĊÄÇ JC
Ķ ÎÏĖĬÊĬ ĦÊ ĦĠÌĖÊ ĔĖ ĮĬÊÌİIĞİĞĨÌŅ ĔIJĬÊÌĮĖ ĦÎİ ĮĬĖİ ÏĬĞIĖĬÎİ ÊÍÎİ ĔĖ ĴĞGĖÌĒĞÊ ĔĖĦ ĒÎÌĮĬÊĮÎŅ
ŒŅ ÀÎÌĒĖİĞĨÌ ĔĖFĞÌĞĮĞĴÊ ĔĖ ĮĬÊÌİIĞİĞĨÌ ĖĦĘĒĮĬĞĒÊŅ ĐĂŅ CĮĬÎİ ÊİÏĖĒĮÎİ ĬĖĦĖĴÊÌĮĖİ ÏÊĬÊ ĦÊ ĖHĖĒIJĒĞĨÌ ĔĖĦ ÏĬÎĶĖĒĮÎŅ
PŅ ÂİĮIJĔĞÎ ĔĖ ĞIÏÊĒĮÎ ÊIËĞĖÌĮÊĦŅ ŒŅ ÀĬÎÌÎGĬÊIÊ ĔĖ ÊĒĮĞĴĞĔÊĔĖİ ÏÊĬÊ ĦÊ ĒÎÌİĮĬIJĒĒĞĨÌ
ÞŅ ÂİĮIJĔĞÎ ĔĖ ÏĬĖOÎÏĖĬÊĮĞĴĞĔÊĔŅ ĔĖ ĦÊ ĦĠÌĖÊ ĔĖ ĮĬÊÌİIĞİĞĨÌ Ķ ÏĬÎĶĖĒĮÎ ĔĖ ĞÌGĖÌĞĖĬĠÊ
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RŅ ÀĖĬĮĞFĞĒÊĔÎ ĔĖ ĞÌĖKĞİĮĖÌĒĞÊ ĔĖ ĬĖİĮÎİ ÊĬĪIJĖÎĦĨGĞĒÎİŅ ÞŅ ĂÌİĒĬĞÏĒĞĨÌ ĔĖĦ ĒÎÌĮĬÊĮÎ ĔĖ ĒÎÌĒĖİĞĨÌ ĖÌ ĖĦ ČĖGĞİĮĬÎ Õ
ŔŅ ÀÎÌĮĬÊĮÎ ĔĖ ĞÌĮĖĬĒÎÌĖKĞĨÌ Î IÊÌĔÊĮÎ ĔĖ ĒÎÌĖKĞĨÌŅ ĔĖ ÀÎÌĒĖİĞÎÌĖİŅ +
ŘŅ ÂİĮIJĔĞÎ ĔĖ ÎÏĖĬÊĮĞĴĞĔÊĔŅ QŅ ČĞĖİGÎİ ÏÎĬ ĒÊIËĞÎİ ĬĖGIJĦÊĮÎĬĞÎİŅ GO
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arj_obnrbpb^kkb`bp^oflp, â Bbg^oablmbo^oi^iÅkb^mlorkabqbojfk^al
â Alkpqorfo* lmbo^ovj^kqbkboi^ iÅkb^ biÄ`+ kÑjbolabelo^p`lkqfkr^plkl*abkqolab
qof`^, rk^Çl`^ibka^ofl,
â Nobpq^o bi pbosfal mÑ_if`l ab qo^kpjfpfÉk â Nbopfpqfo*irbdl abpbop^k`flk^a^ mloMQG+
biÄ`qof`^abcloj^nrbd^o^kqf`bpr i^`^if+ LCPEKGL* bk kl `rj mifo `lk prp l_ifd^+
a^a*bcf`fbk`f^v`lkqfkrfa^a, `flkbp ab mobpq^obi pbosf`flabkqolab ilp
â Bbcfkfoi^ orq^vbi ^ifkb^jfbkqlab i^ iÅkb^ mi^wlpmobp`ofqlpvab^`rboal^i^pkloj^p
abqo^kpjfpfÉk, abpbdrofa^a,
â ?anrfofoilpqboobklpm^o^i^ppr_bpq^`flkbp, â Ro^kpcbofoqlq^i l m^o`f^ijbkqb bi `lkqo^ql
â Aljmbkp^o^ilpmolmfbq^oflp^cb`q^alpmlo pfkbi`lkpbkqfjfbkqlabi`lk`babkqb,
birplabpbosfarj_obp, â Qbo p^k`flk^a^ `lk jriq^p kl qof_rq^of^p
â Alkqo^q^ovj^kqbkbosfdbkqbppbdrolpab nrbprmbobk bi /.#abi^ _^pbq^ofc^of^abi
P bsfpq^ b a fq^ a ^  m l o ^ ir j k l p  ab i^ D ^`riq^a ab B b ob `e l  ab i^ S k fs b op fa ^ a  ab Jfj^

obpmlkp^_fifa^a `fsfi v ab ilp @fbkbp ab i^ ^Çl^kqboflo,

Alk`bpfÉk, â Drpflk^opb* bp`fkafopb l qo^kpcloj^opb pfk
â Qlif`fq^obi`lkpbkqfjfbkqlbp`ofqlabiAlk+ mobsf^^mol_^`fÉkbp`ofq^abi`lk`babkqb,
`babkqb `ljl m^pl mobsfl m^o^ qo^kpcbofo â Qbo ab`i^o^a^ bk fkplisbk`f^* nrb_o^a^ l
ilpabob`elpvl_ifd^`flkbpv-lprmlpf`fÉk afprbiq^,
`lkqo^`qr^i bk bi Alkqo^ql ab Alk`bpfÉk â Ll`lkqo^q^oilppbdrolpabobpmlkp^_fifa^a
@MMRQER*^pÅ`ljlm^o^kls^ork^lqla^p `fsfivabilp@fbkbpabi^Alk`bpfÉk,
prpl_ifd^`flkbplabob`elp, â Gk`rjmifobkcloj^do^sb`r^inrfbol_ifd^+
`fÉk bpq^_ib`fa^ bk bi Alkqo^qll i^p ibvbp
FO ĀÉĪÉIİĞÉĬŊ ^mif`^_ibp,
Ar^inrfbo^ ab i^p m^oqbp mrbab obplisbobi
â Ckqobd^o rk^ `^oq^ cf^kw^ _^k`^of^ m^o^ Alkqo^qlbk`^plpbmobpbkqbrkbsbkqlab
d^o^kqfw^obi`rj mifj fbkqlabm^dlabi^p crbow^ j^vlobi`r^i kl mrba^ pboprmbo^+
p^k`flkbpnrbpb^kfjmrbpq^p, albk rk mi^wlabqbojfk^alabpabnrbpb
â Ckqobd^ork^d^o^kqÅ^abDfbiArjmifjfbkql fkf`fÉbibsbkql,
abi^pl_ifd^`flkbp,
â J^c^iq^ abobkls^`fÉk abi^pd^o^kqÅ^pml+ ĢO ĈĔIÉĤĜĒÉĒĔĬŊ
ao~ dbkbo^o i^ `^ar`fa^a abi Alkqo^ql ab
Alk`bpfÉk, â Spr^ijbkqb pb ^mif`^k mbk^ifa^abp mlo
`^a^ aÅ^ `^ibka^ofl ab ^qo^pl bk bi fkf`fl
GO DĔĪĦĜIÉËĜÎIŊ abi^ mrbpq^bklmbo^`fÉk`ljbo`f^i,
â Qb^mif`^kq^j_fÄkmbk^ifa^abpmlofk`rj+
â Nlo^`rboalbkqobi^pm^oqbp, mifjfbkql*l`rj mifj fbkqlm^o`f^i*q^oaÅl*l
â Rbojfk^`fÉk abi A lkqo^ql ab Alk`bpfÉk abcb`qrlpl*abrk j^ka^qlab`lkbufÉk,
Bbcfkfqfs^, â Pb^ifw^o^`qlpnrb`lkpqfqrv^k^_rplabml+
â Tbk`fjfbkqlabi Ni^wlabiAlkqo^ql, pf`fÉkabalj fkflbkbijbo`^albiÄ`qof`l9
â Pbplir`fÉkabiAlkqo^ql, l*nrb ifjfqbk*afpqlopflkbkl obpqofkg^k*i^
if_ob`ljmbqbk`f^,
ĜO ĊĔĬÍĤĮËĜÎIŊ â Gk`rjmifol`rj mifom^o`f^i*q^oaÅ^*labcb`+
:=OH < :MN L /1.

qrlp^jbkqb il afpmrbpql bk obi^`fÉk ^ i^

â Ci Alk`babkqb mlao~ obplisbo bi `lkqo^ql
`r^kal bi `lk`bpflk^ofl fk`roo^ bk i^p pf+
drfbkqbp`lkar`q^p8
â CiAlk`babkqb`ljmorb_bnrbi^pab`i^o^+
`flkbpabi`lk`bpflk^oflplkc^ip^p,
bgb`r`fÉkabfkpq^i^`flkbpabobcrbowl,
â J^p p^ifa^p kl moldo^j^a^p ab i^ JÅkb^ ab
Ro^kpjfpfÉk nrb bu`ba^k i^p qlibo^k`f^p
pbo~k p^k`flk^a^p pbdÑk pb fkaf`^ bk i^p
Bfob`qfs^pvNol`bafjfbkqlpabMQGLCPEKGL

32 ĤĔĢÉIĒĪÍ BÉ IÉ LÉ Ĥ Ĥ Ĕ Ō Â ĒĮÉĪ ĒÍ ĊÉĦÍ Ĭ

 vklbu`irvbki^p`ljmbkp^`flkbpmloj^i^ Alpqlpablmbo^`fÉk vj^kqbkfjfbkql & MNCV '8
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ĬĨĔËİÍĬ ĔĬĨĔËĜÉĤĔĬ ĒĔĤ Ĭ Ĝ Ĭ İ ĔĦÉ FÉĪÉIİĜĹÉĒÍ ĒĔ İ Ī É I Ĭ Ħ Ĝ Ĭ Ĝ Î I ĔĤĖËİĪĜËÉ 33

 abi pfpqbj^d^o^kqfw^alabqo^kpjfpfÉk nrbpb
rqfifw^o~m^o^bi`~i`rilabi^pq^ofc^pv`ljmbk+
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m^d^jbkpr^ijbkqbvpbbk`rbkqo^`ljmrbpq^
mloilppfdrfbkqbp`ljmlkbkqbp8
&f' J^ obj rkbo^`fÉk ab i^p fksbopflkbp* `^i+
`ri^a^p`lj l^kr^ifa^aabilp`lpqlpab
fksbopfÉk lcboq^alp mlo bi ^agra f`^ q^ofl 
m^o^ rk mboflalabob`rmbo^`fÉk abe^p+
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abi /0#,
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qbkfj fbkql& AMvK ',
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&fff' Sk^ifnrfa^`fÉk^kr^im^o^fabkqfcf`^o`r^i+
nrfboabp^grpqbabofs^alabi^afcbobk`f^bk
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qo^ql QER* v ^nrbiil ob`^ra^al mloq^ofc^p
aro^kqbbi^Çl obpmb`qfsl, J^afcbobk`f^ pb
fk`lomlo^`ljl`oÄafqllaÄ_fqlbki^_^pb
q^ofc^of^abi pfdrfbkqbmboÅlal,
?pfjfpjl* ab ^`rboal `lk i^ JBCE* bk bpqb
`^pl ilp`ljmlkbkqbpab fksbopfÉk*lmbo^`fÉk
vj^kqbkfjfbkqlabi^_^pbq^ofc^of^pbabqboj f+
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j fbkqlobpriq^kqbpabilpmol`bplpabif`fq^`fÉk
pb `lkpfabo^o~k bumobp^alp ^ i^ cb`e^ ab mob+
pbkq^`fÉkablcboq^pvab_bo~kpbo^`qr^ifw^alp
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obdri^alp ^ kfsbi dbkbo^`fÉk'* bjmib^kal ilp
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@MMRQERobpmb`qfsl,
:=OH < :MN L /1.
0, Qb bkqfbkab mlo@^pbR^ofc^of^ ^i jlkql^kr^i ^ ob`lkl`bo mloi^p fkpq^i^`flkbpabi QERnrb pb rqfifw^o~ m^o^ bi
`~i`rilabi^pq^ofc^pv`ljmbkp^`flkbpabqo^kpjfpfÉk,
1, Ci GkdobplR^ofc^oflpbabqbojfk^`ljlbiGkdobplR^ofc^oflL^`flk^i*`^i`ri^albkcrk`fÉk^i^mlqbk`f^vbkbodÅ^
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34
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J^objrkbo^`fÉkabi^JÅkb^abRo^kpjfpfÉkpb
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plk abqbojfk^a^p ab ^`rboal `lk pr obpmb`+
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ab qo^kpj fpfÉk molsfpqlp & Alpql Kbafl ', Ci
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pr fksbopfÉk,
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abi QCGL nrb rp^ l pb _bkbcf`f^ abi pfpqbj^
d^o^kqfw^al& GkdobplR^ofc^ofl ',Qfkbj_^odl*
bk`^plnrbbifkdobplq^ofc^oflklpb^prcf`fbk+
qb m^o^ `r_ofo ilp `lpqlp qlq^ibp abi pfpqbj^
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c^of^ bpq~ `ljmrbpq^ mlobi GkdobplR^ofc^ofl1v
biNb^gbabRo^kpjfpfÉk2,N^o^i^abqbojfk^`fÉk
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v ab lmbo^`fÉk v j ^kqbkfj fbkql bpq^_ib`falp
bk bi Alkqo^ql QERv nrb plk bi obpriq^al abi
mol`bpl ab if`fq^`fÉk `lksl`^al mlo NPMGL+
TCPQGòL* ^ ilp `r^ibp pb ibp ^mif`^ ilp Åkaf`bp
ab ^`qr^ifw^`fÉk m^o^ j^kqbkbo `lkpq^kqb pr
s^iloob^ibkbiqfbjml,Cpq^bprk^d^o^kqÅ^ ab
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prp c^`qro^p ab prjfkfpqol ab bib`qof`fa^a mlo
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bi Qfpqbj^ E^o^kqfw^al, N^o^ q^ibp bcb`qlp* ilp
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