MOLECULAR MOTION

TOPIC 12: KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER

 KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER

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Matter is made up of tiny particles

These tiny particles are always in motion

 EVIDENCE OF MOLECULAR MOTION

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Smoke particles observed to be moving in random motion
 EVIDENCE OF MOLECULAR MOTION

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Smoke particles (large)
are continuously
colliding with air
molecules (very small)

Random,
irregular motion Brownian Motion
 MOLECULAR MOTION & TEMPERATURE
At higher temperature,

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

motion of smoke
particles are more
irregular & change
direction more
frequently.

Air molecules collide Molecules have

frequently and more higher speeds at
vigorously with higher
smoke particles. temperatures.
 MOLECULAR MOTION & GAS PRESSURE

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Collisions of gas
molecules with the
Pressure of a Gas
walls of the
container.
 MOLECULAR MOTION & GAS PRESSURE
Collisions of gas

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Pressure of a Gas molecules with the walls
of the container.

Lower no. of molecules, Higher no. of molecules,

Less collision with walls, More collision with walls,
Lower gas pressure. Higher gas pressure.
PRESSURE - TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP OF A GAS

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If the volume of the Low temperature, Low pressure.
gas is kept constant High temperature, High pressure.
PRESSURE - TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP OF A GAS

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

p ∝ T
p = kT

Gas Pressure is directly proportional to its Temperature

p1 p2
= = constant k
T1 T2

!! Volume of the gas is kept constant !!

PRESSURE - TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP OF A GAS

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Lower temperature, Higher temperature,
Lower molecular speeds, Higher molecular speeds,
Less collision with walls, More collision with walls,
Lower gas pressure. Higher gas pressure.
VOLUME - TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP OF A GAS

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If the pressure of the Low temperature, Low volume.
gas is kept constant High temperature, High volume.
VOLUME - TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP OF A GAS

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

V ∝ T
V = kT

Gas Volume is directly proportional to its Temperature

V1 V2
= = constant k
T1 T2

!! Pressure of the gas is kept constant !!

VOLUME - TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP OF A GAS

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Lower temperature, Higher temperature,
Lower molecular speeds, Higher molecular speeds,
Less collision with walls, More collision with walls,
Lower volume. Higher volume.
 PRESSURE - VOLUME RELATIONSHIP OF A GAS

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Low pressure, High volume. If the temperature of
High pressure, Low volume. the gas is kept constant
PRESSURE - VOLUME RELATIONSHIP OF A GAS

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

1
p ∝ V
k
p =
V

Gas Pressure is inversely proportional to its Volume

p1V1 = p2V2 = constant k

!! Temperature of the gas is kept constant !!

 PRESSURE - VOLUME RELATIONSHIP OF A GAS

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

Higher volume, Lower volume,
More space, Less space,
Less collision with walls, More collision with walls,
Lower pressure. Higher pressure.
 SUMMARY OF THE LESSON

Prepared by Cg Edna Maria Hj Osman. E-mail: edna.maria.osman@gmail.com

p1 p2 Pressure Law Volume is
=
T1 T2 Gay-Lussac’s Law kept constant

V1 V2 Pressure is
= Charles’ Law
T1 T2 kept constant

Temperature is
p1V1 = p2V2 Boyle’s Law
kept constant