A High Sensitive

MOS photo-
transistor for
area image
sensor

Project Members: Project Guide:

K.Vamsee Krishna (07J11A0420) Sasikala
Nelesh Jain (07J11A0438) Asst.Prof
P.Sharat Chandra (07J11A0459) Dept. of E.C.E, Hi-Tech College.
Abstract
Create an IMAGE SCANNER
using a phototransistor array
to detect light intensity.

Array of phototransistors are

attached to an X-Y plotter so
that they could scan a large
area.
Transmits all data to
Lab-View for processing.

Creates a digitized signal

that the scanner stores
into memory to create an
image.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Circuit Explanation

Hardware Specifications
AT Mega 644
Photo-transistors array
Steppers Motors
ULN 2003 (Driver IC’s)
LM 7805
UART (RS-232)
Power Supply
Software Specifications

KI-CAD
 Designing schematics
 Printed circuit boards (PCB).
AVR STUDIO
 Simulation
 In-circuit Emulation
LAB-VIEW
 Image Processing
PCB Design Steps
1> Open KI-CAD Software.
2> Click on Schematic Editor  Draw the
Schematic of the circuit.
3>Generate the Netlist.
4>Click on CVpcb and select the
components from the list.
5>Appropriate components can be
selected by using their 3D View.
6>Click on PCB Editor and insert generated
netlist and arrange components properly.
Generate the Gerber files and printout
of which is pasted on Copper board.
Later etching process of this board
done by placing it in FeCl2 (soln) for
removal of Copper around the tracks.
Then holes are drilled and
components are placed over them.
Using a soldering Gun all the
components are soldered on to the
board.
This makes it a complete PCB.
3D View of Final PCB
Software Coding Steps

AVR Studio 4 is an Integrated

Development Environment for
debugging AVR software.

The AVR Studio allows chip

simulation and in-circuit
emulation for the AVR family of
microcontrollers.
1>Load the complier required for code
by opening it.
2>Device and debugging platform must
be specified.
3>The IDE has several windows that
provide important information to the
user.
4>Workspace window shown has
important information about the
microcontroller.
5>Output window provides feedback to
the user. This includes messages about
the microcontroller, object file, etc.
6>Source Code Simulation Controls
IDE Toolbar

Yellow arrow
shown points
to the next
instruction to
be executed.
// Simple code turn on LEDs//

#include <avr/io.h>
int main(void)
{
// Set Port B pins as all outputs
DDRB = 0xff;
// Set all Port B pins as HIGH
PORTB = 0xff;
return 1;
}
 Compile the code
"Build -> Build" from the menu.
 Now debug the code in the simulator
Use "Build -> Build and RUN" from
the menu.
 Step through the program line by line
with "STEP INTO (F11)" button.
 Step again and notice that PORTB
becomes set to 0xff (all logical 1
output) when "PORTB = 0xff" is
executed.
LabVIEW is a platform and
development environment for
a visual programming language .

The purpose of such programming

is automating the usage of
processing and measuring
equipment in any laboratory
setup.
The programming language used
in LabVIEW, also referred to as G,
is a dataflow
programming language.

Execution is determined by the

structure of a graphical block
diagram on which the
programmer connects different
function-nodes by drawing wires.
Procedure
Using an array of phototransistors
light signal is detected .
Using 2 stepper motors we move
this array to scan the whole area.
Simultaneously signal is captured
by the Mega644 A/D converter .
 Then transmitted to Lab View
using a serial connection.
Scope
 Electrical design schematics.
 Soldering ULN2003 circuits and
Phototransistor array circuits.
 Soldered Custom PCB.
 Building mechanical part.
 Writing motor control, A/D converter and
serial connection program.
 Writing image process code.
 Debugged program.
 Interfacing NI-LabView.
Practical Applications

Main aim of our project is to scan

image completely row by row
and detect any if error in it.

It could also be used in any other

applications which requires
image precision.