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TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM

“VULCAN CLASS”

Technical Specifications of
Underwater Module
Envirtech SpA
Venice, 15th March 2011

Envirtech Code: 20003-SPE-110.1

This document or parts of it cannot be used for scopes not authorized by Envirtech SpA that will protect its
rights.

Envirtech S.p.A. Cap. Sociale Euro 500.000 i.v.


Italy 30175 Venezia Marghera (VE) 4/A, Via Pacinotti
Phone +39 041 5313400 Fax +39 041 5313400 Branches:
CCIAA VE 03852470107 - VAT: IT03852470107 Italy 31020 Vidor (TV) , 6/8 Via Sartori
Italy 30030 Chirignago (VE) 2, Via S. Caterina
Management
Italy 17031 Albenga (SV) 69/2, Via Patrioti e-mail info@envirtech.org
Phone +39 0182 559643 Fax +39 0182 570976 web-site www.envirtech.com
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................3

2 UM VULCAN ARCHITECTURE....................................................................................................................3

3 UM FUNCTIONALITIES.................................................................................................................................6

4 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION .........................................................................................................................8


4.1 MECHANICAL FRAME ...................................................................................................................................9
4.2 SEISMIC SENSOR AND DIGITIZER ..................................................................................................................9
4.3 PRESSURE SENSOR .....................................................................................................................................12
4.4 ACOUSTIC RELEASE ...................................................................................................................................12
4.5 ACOUSTIC MODEM ....................................................................................................................................13
4.6 BATTERY HOUSING ....................................................................................................................................13
4.7 ELECTRONIC HOUSING ...............................................................................................................................14
5 UM COMPLIANT TABLE.............................................................................................................................16
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1 INTRODUCTION

In order to improve the monitoring capabilities of the Underwater Module, since 2005 Envirtech
developed the “Vulcan Class” sea bottom module integrating a seismometer, an atomic clock and
a Paroscientific high precision pressure gauge. The acquisition of high resolution pressure data
and seismic data at the same time and place, allows to discriminate the internal gravity waves from
the pressure variations generated by near seismic event. Moreover the recovery and analysis of
all data collected by the Underwater Module allows to improve the knowledge of the mechanism of
tsunami generation.
Vulcan classes devices can have different configurations: they can integrate a broad-band or
narrow band seismometer and also a hydrophone.
The configuration described in the present document is for a basic version integrating a tri-axial
seismometer for the detection of regional earthquakes in a range of about 1000 km.
The following pages provide a description of the functionalities and performances of the module.

2 UM VULCAN ARCHITECTURE

The UM Vulcan is an instrumented unit composed of a mechanical frame integrating the following
main parts:
- a high resolution pressure sensor for the accurate detection of variation of the height of the
water column;
- a three components seismometer for detection of regional earthquakes;
- an atomic clock for event synchronization;
- a mechanical release for the deployment at the seabed of the seismometer after the
touchdown of the UM;
- an high resolution digitizer with peaking algorithm for the continuous acquisition and logging
of seismic data and for the real time detection of significant seismic events;
- an electronic unit for pressure data acquisition, processing and logging: this unit integrates
a tilt sensor to verify the stability of the UM at the sea bottom and other diagnostic sensor to
verify the status of the whole system;
- a high data throughput acoustic modem for the communication with the Surface Buoy (SB);
- a battery unit to supply the electronic unit, the instruments and the acoustic modem.
- the installation/recovery subsystem composed of buoyancy line, acoustic release and
ballast: this subsystem makes the UM a free fall installation and pop up recovery system.
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The components of UM are listed in the following table

Device/Component/Part Description
Ballast Composed of a squared metal block to keep the UM stable at the sea
bottom.
Buoyancy line A line composed of a synthetic rope and syntactic foams able to lift
the system on surface at the release of the ballast in the recovery
phase.
Beacon A device equipped with ARGOS satellite transmitter providing the
position of the UM after the recovery on surface.
Mechanical Frame A light and robust metallic frame in stainless steel suitable for the
marine environment.
It integrates mechanically all the components in the present table.
Acoustic Release A mechanical release with acoustic interface to allow disconnecting
the ballast at the reception of an acoustic coded command from a
surface deck unit.
Mechanical Release A mechanical release with electrical interface to allow maximum
penetration of the seismometer inside the sea bottom
Seismometer A three components seismometer (1 Vertical and 2 Horizontal) for the
detection of regional seismic events.
Seismic digitizer A high resolution digitizer (22bits @100sps) with logging capabilities
of seismic data for 2 years. It is integrated in a titanium housing and
interfaced with the seismometer.
Atomic Clock A micro-technology low power consumption ultra-stable atomic clock
for time synchronization.
Pressure sensor High resolution (or NANO RESOLUTION) pressure sensor electrically
connected to the Electronic Unit
Electrical Unit An electronic acquisition system integrated in a titanium canister. It is
interfaced with the seismic digitizer to get seismic diagnostic data and
compressed wave forms related to seismic events. It also embeds
the atomic clock.
Tilt Sensor An high precision tilt sensor integrated in the Electronic system
Battery Unit A primary battery pack with dedicated diagnostic electronic system
integrated in a titanium canister
Acoustic Modem An underwater acoustic modem for the data link with the surface buoy
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Some drawings of the Vulcan basic version are reported hereinafter

Fig. 2.2 – UM Drawings and Pictures

The type of mechanical frame can change with


- the typology of telemetry link adopted (cable or acoustic or magneto inductive through a
mooring cable);
- the type of seismometer adopted;
- the deployment procedure of the seismometer: sometimes it is fixed on the base of the
frame, sometimes it is released at least at 1m from the UM frame.

After a detailed agreement of the requirements with the customer it is possible to define the
custom frame.
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3 UM FUNCTIONALITIES

The main functionalities provided by the UM are summarized hereinafter:

• Possibility for the UM to operate in Maintenance Mode, Normal Mode, Alarm Mode;
• In Normal Mode the software
o acquires, logs and process every 15 seconds the pressure data to detect events
over the normal tide signal;
o acquires from 20 tor 100 sps of the three components seismometer, detects events
and stores the data;
• Envirtech Property Algorithm Automatically switch in Alarm Mode in case of detection of an
event on the seismic or pressure data and automatic sending of pressure data and seismic
event wave forms (in compressed format) via acoustic link;
• Automatic switch to Normal Mode after 3 hours of the UM in Alarm Mode;
• Hourly acquisition and logging of UM Status Message composed of
o 4 averages on 15mins of the tide data;
o Hourly average and standard deviations of the three seismic components, position
of the seismic masses and other diagnostic parameter of the seismic sensor.
o Seawater temperature;
o Status sensors (internal temperature, pressure and water intrusion alarm) of
Electronic housing;
o Status sensors (battery voltage and current, internal temperature, pressure and
water intrusion alarm) of Battery housing;
o Heading and Tilt sensors data.
• Sending in Normal Mode every 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours (depending on
the user settings) of the hourly UM Status Messages.
• Management of data request of past pressure data stream or seismic data wave forms in
compressed format.
• Management of request of current status data composed of
o Current Pressure;
o Seawater temperature;
o Status sensors of Electronic housing;
o Status sensors of Battery housing;
o Heading and Tilt sensors data;
• Management of commands to
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o Set alarm detection threshold;


o Period for sending UM Status Messages;
o Switch UM in Maintenance, Normal and Alarm mode;
o Atomic Clock synchronization
• Management of bi-directional acoustic link with the Surface Buoy to send messages and to
receive commands and data requests.

The installation of the UM is free fall and the recovery for maintenance and re-installation is pop-
up. This is made possible by the buoyancy line + an acoustic release + a ballast.
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4 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

The Envirtech UM Vulcan class is an autonomous system suitable for the real time detection of
earthquakes and perturbation on the normal tide and to discriminate real tsunami waves from
seismic waves. It can be installed up to 6000mwd in Open Ocean.
The system is composed of a robust mechanical frame in stainless steel AISI316 suitable for the
marine environment, integrating the following main parts:
• Three component seismometer in a titanium housing.
• Pressure sensor Paroscientific Digiquartz with a pressure measurement resolution better
than 1mm of H2O in a water column of 7000m. The sensor is temperature compensated
and provides also high resolution temperature measurement (0.001°C).
• Spread Spectrum modulation acoustic modem providing a 5000 bps bidirectional data link
with a surface modem on a relay buoy.
• Autonomous power supply unit composed of primary lithium battery pack, protected in
Titanium housing: this battery, used in military application, assures an operative life of 24
months with the system sending an acoustic message per hour
• Data Acquisition and Control system protected in Titanium housings integrating a low
power microelectronic system for the real time data acquisition and processing of the
seismic signals and the pressure data. The electronic system includes a digitizer (22 bit
@100sps) with real time synchronization via an Atomic Clock, switch board, voltage
conditioning board, heading and tilt sensor (able to measure heading, pitch and roll with a
resolution of 0.1 deg) and diagnostic board monitoring battery voltage and current, internal
pressure, temperature and water intrusion in the Titanium housings.
• A recovery system relied on a buoyancy line, composed of 8 deep sea syntactic buoys and
an acoustic release unlocking a metal or concrete ballast of 220kg for the recovery of the
system on surface. The acoustic release can be actuated by a dedicated deck unit with
coded commands.
• The electronic unit has a proper mass memory (a set of high capacity CF card) to store all
the data acquired in 24 months.

The software in the electronic system provides the following main functionalities:
• The acquisition of the 3 seismic components (20 or 100 samples per seconds);
• The acquisition of the pressure sensor (1 sample every 15sec);
• The acquisition of the heading & tilt sensor;
• The acquisition of the diagnostic boards;
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• The real time precision clock;


• The data storage;
• The real time detection of seismic events with STA/LTA algorithm;
• The real time detection of anomalous events on the normal tide. The following algorithms
can be implemented:
o Mofjeld Algorithm that allows to detect variations of the water column in the typical
Tsunami waves period range (2-90min);
o Innovative algorithm relied on the neural network to improve the Mofjeld Algorithm
in the detection of tsunami events.
o An Envirtech property algorithm to discriminate Tsunami Waves from Seismic
Waves.
o Others algorithms on user request.
• Periodical transfer to the surface relay buoy (every hour or three hours) of a message
containing tide data, tilt data and diagnostic data of the system and of the seismic sensor;
• In case of detection of an event, alarm messages are transferred to the surface relay buoy
every few minutes. This functionality allows the rapid user validation of the collected data
and the estimation of the possible danger scenarios. The alarm messages include the high
resolution pressure data (time spaced of 15 seconds) and compressed wave forms of the
seismic data related to the detected event.

The following paragraphs detail the specification of each UM component.

4.1 Mechanical Frame

The mechanical frame can vary with the type of seismometer and the type of integration of the
seismometer. Anyway it is a robust frame in stainless steel AISI316 suitable for the corrosive deep
sea environment.

4.2 Seismic Sensor and Digitizer

The Digitizer with precision clock is an Envirtech board with the following main features.
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ENV-DIG-3-24

Device tipology Digitizer and seismic datalogger


Sizes 130mm x 110mm x 35mm
Weight 250g
Signal interfaces 4 analogue input @24bit
4 analogue input @10bit
Digital interfaces 2 serial ports RS232
1 PPS input
Static RAM memory 128kb SRAM
Mass Memory SD flash cards up to 2GB x 8

ARCHITECTURE
Processing 2 microprocessors RISC 8bit ATMEL operating at 11.0592MHz and
14.7456MHz
The first processor is dedicated to the sampling and primary data buffering
and the second processor has in chard the secondary data buffering, data
compression, data storage.
Moreover the second processor manages the user command interface.
User interface Terminal VT100 with handshake protocol x-on/x-off via RS232

DATA PROCESSING
File system FAT32
Data compression Seismic standard GSE2.0 with compression CM6
Automatic triggering STA/LTA
Continuous Datalogging User Configurable
Time synchronization Time setting with GPS (TIME DATA and 1PPS) and time stability assured
by the OCXO quartz.

ADC CONVERTER
Analogue inputs Differential / Single ended (jumper selectable)
Anti-aliasing filter Single pole RC. Standard frequency 8.8Hz selectable with a capacitors set.
Input range -1V..+1V (2 V of signal range)
Input impedance 300kohm
CMRR > 144dB
Shift between sampling on analogue 0 (simultaneous sampling)
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channels
Data transfer TTL UART at 38400baud
Quartz 11.0592MHz
OCXO ±0.05ppm in the range 0°C..50°C

POWER SUPPLY
Power voltage 8-16V
Power consumption 0.6W @12.5V
The seismic sensor usually installed is a 3 components with the following main features.

Velocity output bandwidth


30 seconds – 50 Hertz (Standard)
1s, 2s, 10s or 60s long period options
100Hz high frequency option

Velocity output sensitivity


2 × 400 V/ms-1 (Standard)
Options for 2 × 1000 or 2 × 1600 V/ms-1
Optional high-gain output (× 10)

Peak output
±10 V (20 V peak-to-peak)

Optional high gain sensitivity


2 × 10000 V/ms-1 (adjustable)

Lowest spurious resonance


450 Hz

Linearity
> 90 dB

Cross-axis rejection
2 65 dB

Electronics noise level


–172 dB (relative to 1m2s-4Hz-1)

It is installed on a dedicated titanium housing as shown in the following picture


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Fig 4.1 – Ocean Bottom Seismometer in Titanium case

4.3 Pressure Sensor

Pressure sensor is depicted in Fig 4.2.

Fig 4.2 Paroscientific Digiquartz Pressure Sensor

Technical specifications:
• Range: 7000m
• Resolution: 0.1 ppm @ 1sample/15sec
• Built-in Temperature sensor.

4.4 Acoustic Release

Acoustic release is depicted in Fig 4.3


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Fig 4.3 – Oceano 2500 Light Acoustic Release

Technical specifications:
• Super Duplex Stainless Steel
• Working Load Limit: 2500kg
• Autonomy: 6 years
• Depth: up to 6000m

4.5 Acoustic Modem

It is depicted in Fig. 4.4

Fig 4.4 – UWM 10000 Acoustic Modem

Technical specifications:
• Modulation: Spread Spectrum
• Data rate: 5000 bps
• Slant range: 10000m
• Depth: up to 7000m

4.6 Battery Housing

It is depicted in Fig 4.4


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Fig 4.4 Titanium Battery Housing

Technical specifications:
• Battery pack for electronic system (14.4V 518Ah 1Amax)
• Status board to monitor
o Internal temperature
o Internal pressure
o Water intrusion
2 battery units like this are necessary for the Vulcan class module to get a power autonomy of 2
years.

4.7 Electronic housing

It is depicted in Fig 4.5

Fig 4.5 Titanium Electronic Housing


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Technical specifications:
• Battery pack for acoustic link (25.2V 104Ah 5Amax)
• ENV-UM-ELE composed of
o CPU board
o Status board
o Switch board
o DC/DC board

An additional housing like this is foreseen in the Vulcan class module to integrate the seismic
signals digitizer and an additional battery pack (25.2V 104Ah 5Amax) for the acoustic link.
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5 UM COMPLIANT TABLE

ID Requirement Note
1 Material of the frame shall be AISI316L
2 Material of the protective housings for electronic and battery
shall be Titanium grade 5
3 The buoys of buoyancy line shall be in syntactic foam: the
use of glass sphere is not allowed
4 Acoustic release of the recovery system shall be
independent by the acoustic modem for data link UM-SB
5 Primary battery for UM electronic and acoustic modem shall
be Lithium battery
6 Acoustic Modem shall provide a slant range of 10000m
7 Pressure sensor shall provide a resolution of at least 1ppm
on a range of 7000m with a sampling period of 15sec
8 Electronic and battery housings shall be equipped with
internal status sensor to monitor internal pressure,
temperature and water intrusion
9 The UM shall be configurable to send a normal tide
message every N hours with N = 1,2,3,4,6. Tide shall be
provided as 15mins averaged values
10 In case of Alarm detection the UM shall send every 5 or 10
minutes the raw samples spaced of 15 secs. The process
shall last at least 3 hours for every alarm detection
11 Precision clock (stability o ±1ppm)
12 High resolution digitizer (22 bits@100sps)
13 Seismometer with 3 components for regional earthquake
detection
14 STA/LTA algorithm in the seismic digitizer for seismic
events detection
15 Compression and decimation of seismic events wave for
transfer of useful data via acoustic link
16 Real Time Clock syncronized via Atomic Clock for absolute
seismic data time reference.
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