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a&m*g aysmufjidrf;aom olemESifhwl\/
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----Ä----
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-------------
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---Ä----
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y&rwfa&"mwfoufoufudk uGufjcm;í Munfh½Ivdkonf½Sdaomf
cufrmrI[al om ajr"mwfEiS hf ra&maprlí zGUJ ap;rI[al om a&"mwf
oufoufudk uGufjcm;í Munfh&onf? tqif;oP²mef txnf
j'Afpkvnf; ckcHíaewwfonf/
Munfh½Iaom "r®00w¬meÓPfü tqif;oP²mef txnf
j'Afpk ckcí
H aecJv h Qif aemufü jzpfryI surf u
I kd ½Iaomtcg rxifEikd yf J
aewwfonf? y&rwftppfudk tjrifpifMu,fvSygrS tedpötppf
'ku©tppf tewåtppfudk jrifEdkifonf/
a&"mwfü 0dyóemÓPfjzpfatmif½IyHk
ajr"mwfü qdkcJhNyD;aomtwdkif; þa&"mwfüvnf; zGJUap;rI
oufouf[kqdktyfaom a&"mwftjrifpifMu,faomtcg jrifhrdk&f
r[myx0Dwpfcvk ;kH ü tuswd t
f cJ tqHtrmr½So
d nft
h wGuf rSex
f J
a&xJrmS xifjrif&aom rd;k &dyf wdr&f yd f ae0ef; v0ef;t&dyf opfyif&yd f
wdkYuJhodkY zGJUap;rI[laom tmaygvu©PmBuD; xifjrifvdrfhrnf/
jrifrh &kd af wmif r[myx0DwüYkd xifjrifEikd af omtcg vlç ewfç
jA[®mç owå0gcyfodrf;wdkYü xifrIç jrifrI tvGefvG,fvSawmhonf?
owå0goEÅmefrSm xifjrifrIom vdk&if;jzpfonf/
jrifrh &kd rf [myx0Dwu Ykd csí D jyvdu k of nfrmS owå0goEÅmefü
xifv, G jf rifv, G af tmif csv D u
kd of nf? rdro
d EÅmefü OD;acgif; ajcz0g;
xkwfjcif;aygufatmif xifvif;NyD;rS olwpfyg;oEÅmefpkudkvnf;
xdktwl xkwfcsif;aygufatmif ½Iav/
þwGifa&GUum;- tmayg[laom a&"mwfudk
"mwfaygufatmif½Ienf; t>rufNyD;\/
---------
awaZm"mwfudk pdppf½IqifjcifyHk
awaZm"mwf E S i f h yl r I - at;rI
ylrI at;rI [laomtrlt&m Mud,mrI oufoufonf
y&rwfESpf rD;tppfrnf\/
ylrIat;rI[lonfvnf; uvmyfwl r[mbkwfokH;yg;wkdYukd
&ifhrmoefpGrf;atmif aygif;aEG;rIaywnf;? tylpGrf;tat;pGrf;
ESpyf g;pko
H nfyifvQif uvmyfwrl [mbkww f u Ydk dk &ifrh matmif xuf
oefatmif toD;toD; tpGr;f owåEd iS hf jynfph MHk uatmif aygif;aEG;rI
&Sdonfcsnf;jzpfonf/
MuufO Oyrm
trd0rf;rS OíjrKHüwnf&Sdaom MuufOwkdYonf trdjzpf
olMuufru rjywf0yfí taiGUay;rS tpOftwkid ;f &ifrh moefprG ;f í
Muufoil ,ftjzpfoaYdk &mufojzifh aygufzmG ;Ekid o f nf? trdMuufru
r0yfyJ taiGUray;yJ aecJhonff&Sdaomf Muufoli,fjzpfokdY ra&muf
Ekid jf y?D trd0rf;wGi;f u xkcH ahJ om taiGUtukew
f iG f ykyjf cif;okYd a&muf
avawmhonf/
þtwl awaZm[laom þrD;"mwfonf trdMuufrESifh
wl o nf ? twl w uG j zpf a om ajr"mwf a&"mwf av"mwf
þ"mwfMuD;okH;yg;wkdYonf MuufOESpfwkdYESifh wlMuukefonf/
ajr"mwfç a&"mwfç av"mwfwkdY
rD ; "mwf E S i f h r uif ; Ed k i f j cif ;
rD;"mwfEiS thf wl wGzJ uf&rS ajr"mwf[al om cufrmrIonf
atmifjrifpGmjzpfEkdifonf? a&"mwf[laom zGJUap;rIonfvnf;
atmifjrifpmG jzpfEidk o f nf? av"mwf[al om t0Set f 0SgrIonfvnf;
atmifjrifpGmjzpfEkdifonf? rD;"mwfESifhuif;í atmifjrifpGm rjzpf
Ekid Mf uuke/f
oDwawaZm"mwfrD;\ tpD;tyGm;
r[mork'&´ ma&ç oDwma&ç urÇmukcd aH oma&wko Yd nfvnf;
oDw"mwfr;D \ tpD;tyGm;wko Yd mwnf;? oDw"mwfr;D \ tkypf ;dk csuf
ESihf qufvufjzpfymG ;um aeMu&ukeof nf? jrifrh &dk af wmifç pMu0Vm
awmifç odvmyx0D ajrMu;D wko
Yd nfvnf; oDw"mwfr;D \ tpD;tyGm;
wko
Yd mwnf;/
awaZm"mwfü 0dyóemÓPjfzpfatmif½IyHk
wpfyg;aom"mwfwEYdk iS hf ra&maESmapyJ rD;"mwfoufoufudk
½Iaomtcg at;aom0w¬KwkdYü at;rIoufoufukd &I&rnf?
yl a om0w¬ K wk d Y ü yl r I o uf o uf u k d &I & rnf ? tqif ; oP² m ef
txnfj'Af ynwfESifha&mí raeapESifh? ylrIat;rI[laom þ
y&rwfr;D "mwf\ tPkjrLrQ tqHtrm txnf0w¬K r&Sad Mumif;um;
xif&mS ;yg\/
awaZm"mwfukd 0ga,m"mwfu axmufyHhyHk
tqHtrm txnf0w¬K[lí tPkjrLrQ r&Sdonfh twGuf
aMumifh þrD;"mwfukd tjrifpifMu,faomtcgvnf; a&Munf
rSefMunf ponfwkdYü ae0ef; v0ef;t&dyf wdrf&dyf rkd;&dyfwkdYuJhokdY
ÓPftjrifrSmom MuD;us,fí txnfj'Afr&SdaMumif; xif&Sm;vdrfh
rnf? rdru
d ,
dk u
f dk &Iaomtcg ÓPfEidk ½f Hk ykid ;f í ykid ;f í&I? rdru
d ,
dk rf mS
tvif; xifjrifEkdifvQif owå0gteEÅrSmyif xifawmhonf/
þwGifa&GUum;- awaZm[laom rD;"mwfukd
"mwfaygufatmif &Ienf; t>rufjyD;\/
------Ä------
0ga,m"mwfudk pdppf &Iqifjcifjcif;
awaZm"mwfukd 0ga,m"mwfu axmufyHhyHk
rD;awmufrD;ckd;\ twGif;ü rD;"mwf\tmEkabmfaMumifh
rD;"mwfuydk if tpOfjzpfymG ;í oGm;Ekid af tmif vIUH aqmfcs;D yifrh I [laom
0ga,monfyg&Sd\? xkd0ga,mtwGufaMumifh rD;\jyefYyGm;jcif;ç
rD;&Sdef\jyefYyGm;jcif;ç rD;a&mif\jyefYyGm;jcif;ç rD;awmuf\vlvl
wufyGm;jcif;ç tckd;xGufjcif;ç tqifhqifh rD;ul;jcif;tp&Sdaom
rD;"mwf\jyefYyGm;pnfum;rIwkdYonf xif&Sm;jzpfukef\okdY xkdtwl
0ga,mrnfaom þav"mwfonf ylrlat;rI[laom rD;"mwf\
t&Sdeft0Sefaywnf;? rD;pm&Sd&mü tenf;i,fcsxm;aom rD;onf
xktd &Sed f t0Seaf Mumifh rD;pm&So d rQ tukejf yefyY mG ;Ekid o
f nf? rD;ü twGi;f
t&Sed tf 0Sen f í
hH ryGm;wJEh idk f rawmufwEhJ idk &f v dS Qif ,yfEiS hf ,yfí-
ajymif;ESifhrIwfí tyu t&Sdeft0Seful&ao;onf/
ylrI-at;rI awaZm"mwfESifh
t½Sdeft0Sef 0ga,m"mw
0ga,m"mwf
ylr&I v
dS Qif yl&edS yf [
l ek &f jdS r?J at;rI&v
dS Qif at;&Sed f at;[ke&f jdS r?J
ylrI at;rIum; wpfjcm;? t&Sdef t0Sefum;wpfjcm;? ylrIat;rIum;
y&rwfrD;"mwfwnf;? t&Sdeft0Sefum; y&rwfav"mwfwnf;/
0ga,m"mwfonf <uif;r[mbkwf 3-yg;\tiftm;
xkdt&Sdef[laom av"mwfonf uvmyfwljzpfaom ajr"mwf
a&"mwf rD;"mwfwkdY\ tm;cGefAvvnf; rnf\? xkdt[keft0Sef
yGm;&muvmyfwl r[mbkwf½kyfuvmyfwkdYonf jzpfay:í vkduf&
uke\f ? xkt d [kef t0Seo
f nf tvGex
f ufoefonf&adS omf avjyif;
rkefwkdif; jzpfav\/
0ga,m"mwf\ axmufuefcsD;yifhrI 0dw¬rÇevu©Pm
xkt
d 0Setf [keo
f nf avarGU&mavacgif;tk;H ponfwüYdk uJo h Ydk
axmufuefawmihfwif;rI csD;yifh xrf;aqmifrIjzpfí ]]0dw¬rÇe
vu©Pm}} [kusr;f *efwüYdk qkad yonf? jrifrh &dk af wmif pMu0Vmawmif
odvmyx0D ponfwkdYü&Sdaom oDw"mwfrD;onf xkdt[keft0Sef
[laom av"mwf\tpGrf;jzifh cPwkdif;cPwkdif; yGm;rsm;í urÇm
ysufonfwkdifatmif ½kyfuvmyf tqufqufwkdYukd yGm;rsm; apEkdif
onf? jrifatmif Munfh/
awaZm"mwfü 0dyóemÓPfjzpfatmif½IyHk
[',0w¬Kü jzpfay:aom wpfcck ak om pdwaf Mumifch Pcsi;f
cPcsif; wpfukd,fvkH; pdwåZ½kyfuvmyf ysHUESHYjzpfyGm;rIç OwkZ½kyf
uvmyfwYdk ysUH EY jYHS zpfymG ;rIç 0rf;xJoaYdk &mufaom tpmtm[m& "mwf
wk\
Yd wpfu, dk v f ;Hk tESt YH jym; ysUH ESjYH zpfymG ;rIç uvva&MunfrS pí
owå0gwkdY\ tpOftwkdif; wkd;yGm;pnfum;rIç tnGefYtan§muf
ay:aygufonfrpS í opfyifcsKjH rufwYdk tpOftwkid ;f wk;d yGm; pnfum;
rIwkdYonfvnf; 0ga,mvIHUaqmfrIESifh jzpfMuukefonfomwnf;/
jrifhrkd&fawmif pMu0Vmawmif r[myx0DajrMuD;rS pí
ouf&o dS ufrhJ tvk;H pkw H u Ydk dk &G&&G &G G xifatmif Munfah v? rdru
d ,
dk rf S
pí tukev f ;Hk ESaYH tmifMunf?h OD;xdyrf pS í ajcz0g;wkid f tvif;ayguf
atmifMunfh/
ynwfukd ÓPfjzifh rIwfvTifhypf&efvdkjcif;
þ"mwfvnf; qkcd jhJ y;D aom "mwfweYdk nf;wl tqHtrm[lí
tPkjrLrQr&Sdonfh twGufaMumifh a&xJrSefxJü xifaom vl&dyf
ponfuJhokdY xifjrifvdrfhrnf? rsufpdwGifjrifaeusjzpfaom tqif;
oP²mef txnfj'AfynwfMu;D ckcí H aewwfonf? t[kwrf &Sad om
xkdynwfukd ÓPfjzifh rIwfvTifhí ypfav/
þwGifa&GUum;- 0ga,m[laom av"mwfukd
"mwfaygufatmif &Ienf; t>rufNyD;\/
------Ä-----
"mwfBuD; 4-yg;wkdY\
tcsif;csif; rSDwG,fMu aus;Zl;jyKMuykH
r[mbkwfvu©Pm 4- yg;
(1) cufrmrIç (2) zGUJ ap;rIç (3) aygif;aEG;rIç (4) t&deS t
f [kerf -I
þav;ckaom tjcif;t&m trlt&mBud,mBuD;wdkYonf oabm
vu©Pmtm;jzifh toD;toD; xif&Sm;Muukef\/
wnf&mXmetm;jzifh cufrmrIukd rçwnfjyKí wpfcw k nf;uJo h Ydk
wnfMuuke\ f /
jzpftwl ysuftwl wnftwlwdkYomwnf;/
cufrmrI[al om ajr"mwf ysuq f ;Hk vQif wnf&mr&do
S nfjzpfí
<uif;aom "mwfokH;yg;vnf; ysufqkH;&awmhonf/
xdktwl zGJYap;rI[laom a&"mwf ysufqkH;vQifvnf; tzGJY
tpnf;ysuo f jzifh wpfyg;ESiwhf pfyg; axmufyHh rIuif;Muí tukev f ;Hk
ysufqkH;Muawmhonf/
aygif;aEG;í xufoefatmif jyKrI[laom rD;"mwf ysufqkH;
vQifvnf; <uif;aom "mwfokH;yg;wdkYonf rdrdwdkYoabmtwdkif;
jynfhpkHpGm rwnfEdkifMuí tukefvkH; ysufqkH;Muawmhonf/
BuhHcdkif awmifhwif;rI[laom av"mwf ysufqkH;vQifvnf;
<uif;aom "mwfwdkYonf tm;jywfí ysufqkH;Muukefawmhonf/
av"mwfr&dSu rD;"mwfuG,fqkH;jcif;
rD;[laom ylrIat;rIonf vIHUaqmfxxl wvlvlaqmif&Guf
jcif;[laom av"mwfESifhwGJ&rS jzpfEdkifonf? av"mwfr&dSvQif
tm;jywfí cPcsif; uG,fqkH;av\/
av"mwfr&dSu yx0Dpaom"mwfrsm;vnf;
uG , f q k H ; jcif ;
xdktwl cufrmrI [laom ajr"mwfonfvnf; cufrmjcif;
Mud,mudkBuhH&efY wif;&if;atmif csD;yifhaomav"mwfr&dSvQif tm;
jywfí uG,favqHk;av\? zGJUap;jcif;[laom a&"mwfonfvnf;
zGJUwG,fjcif;Bud,mudk MuHU&efYwif;&if;atmif csD;yifhaomav"mwf
r½SdvQif tm;jywfí uG,fqHk;avonf/
þum;- tjcif;t&mBu;D av;yg;wd\ Yk tcsi;f csi;f rSw
D ,
G Mf uyH?k wpfyg;
ysufvQif tukefvHk ;ysufMuyHk udk jyqdkvdkufaom tcsufwnf;/
r[mbkwf "mwfBuD; 4-yg;wdkY\ wefcdk;BuD;rm;yHk
xd"k mwfBu;D av;yg;wd\
Yk ouf½o
dS ufrhJ oEÅmefEpS yf g;wdüYk jzpfykH
qef;Mu,frIonfvnf; tpdaEÅ,s t&mjzpfí rMuHtyfrMuH&m
BuD;us,fvSpGm\? xdk"mwfav;yg;wdkY\ wefcdk;£'¨dyg'fonfvnf;
tpdaEÅ,s t&mjzpfí rMuHtyfrMuH&m BuD;us,fvSpGm\/
"mwfBuD;av;yg;ESifh vrf;oHk;oG,f
þ"mwfav;yg;udk bk&m;\enf;vrf;ESifh txiftjrif xdk;
f Qif ]]avmukwå-
xGi;f í xajrmufaygufa&mufatmif vkyMf uEH ikd v
&m t&d , m0d Z Æ m vrf ; }} ayguf\/
0dZmÆ wd\
Yk enf;vrf;ESihf xajrmufaygufa&mufatmif vkyMf uH
EdkifvQif avmuD*E¨m&D0dZÆmvrf; ayguf\/
tvwfaom avmuDenf;vrf;ESifh xajrmufaygufa&muf
atmif vkyfMuHEdkifvQif aq;vrf;ç "mwfvrf;ç pufBud,mvrf;
ayguf\/
tcsKyftjcm OD;pD;OD;udkifjzpfaom awaZm"mwf
xdk"mwfav;yg;wdkYü tcsKyftjcmOD;pD;OD;udkifum; awaZm
aywnf;? pMu0Vm urÇmajra&ESifhwuG ½kyfoP²mefESifhpyfaom
ouf½o
dS ufrt
hJ vH;k pHo
k nf awaZm\tpD;tyGm;csn;f wnf;? "mwfr;D
\tpD;tyGm; csn;f wnf;? awaZm[laom "mwfr;D \ £'ÿd g'f wefc;kd
tusKd;toGm;udk bk&m;oAÁñkwdkY\ ÓPfawmfonfom rSSDEdkif&m
ownf;/
þwGifa&GUum;- ]]pmwkr[mblwdaum}} [laom
rmwdumyk'f\ t"dyÜg,ftus,fNyD;\/
--------Ä-------
2- 'kwd,rmwdum
'G g & 6-rsKd ; ES i f h tMunf " mwf 6-yg;
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rSefMunfrSefvif; udk,fwGif;tjynfh jc,fvS,fvsuf½Sd\}} [laom
'kw, d rmwdumyk'üf ]]yoma'g=tMunf? ra@m=tMunf? tapäm=
tMunf}} tMunfa[m o'´gpk/
rSef-[laom a0g[m&
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k '´gwdw
Yk iG f r@o'´g\ emrowfteufu, dk íl ]]zvfrPf}}
[laom pum;ü ]]rPf }} [líqko d nf? xkd ]]rPf}} ukyd if ,ckumv
]]rSef}} [líqkdMuonf/
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rsufrSefrSefpkç rSefajymif;rSefpkonf OwkZ"mwfrSefwpfpkaywnf;/
owå0g\tZÑwåoEÅmeftwGif;üjzpfaom rSefpkonf ur®Z"mwf
rSefpkaywnf;/
ur® Z "mwf r S e f 6-rsd K ;
xdkur®Z"mwfrSefonf-
- pu©Kac:aom "mwfrSefwpfrsdK;ç
- aomw ac:aom"mwfrSefwpfrsdK;ç
- Cmeac:aom"mwfrSefwpfrsdK;ç
- Zd0Sg ac:aom"mwfrSefwpfrsdK;ç
- um,ac:aom"mwfrSefwpfrsdK;ç
- raem ac:aom "mwfrSefwpfrsdK;
[líajcmufrsdK; tjym;½Sd\/
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f iG ;f üwnf\/ /aomw"mwf
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wnf\/ /Zd0Sg"mwfrSefonfvQmtjyifüwnf\/ /um,"mwf
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ESv;kH tdrüf wnf\/
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ajcmufrsKd;udkyif ]]oN*ØK[f}} 'Gg&o*F[ü 'Gg&[k ac:onf/
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onfvnf; (1) tmumo'Gg& (2) r@'Gg& [lí ESpfrsKd;tjym;&Sd\/
tmumo 'G g &
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tp&Sdaom taqmufttHkwdkYonf rdrdoP²meftwdkif; xdkrSefcsyf
tjyifrSm xifvm&ukef\/
tdrw f iG ;f ü aeMuukeaf om tdro f t
l rd o
f m;wdo
Yk nf tdrw
f iG ;f ü
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jrif&uke\ f /
tdrfjyifuaeí xdkrSefwHcg;jzifh tdrfwGif;odk MunfhjyefvQif
vnf; tdrfwGif;ü&Sd&SdorQ tukefjrif&\? xdkrSefwHcg;rSm aea&mif
va&mif rD;a&mifwdkYonf rSef\taz:o[JwdkYaywnf;? xdkwHcg;
ESpfrsKd;tjynhf&Sdaom tdrfBuD;ESifhtvm;wl þwpfckwpfckaom vlU
cE¨mç ewfcE¨mç EGm;ç uGsJç qifç jrif;ç Muufç iSufç paomcE¨mpkHrSm
vnf; tmumowHcg;wpfrsKd;ç r@wHcg;wpfrsKd;-[líESpfrsKd;pD &dSMu
onf/
tMunf"mwf 6-yg;udk Oyrmjzifh ½Ienf;
tmumo wH c g;pk
tmumowHcg; qdo k nfum; cHwiG ;f aygufç vnfacsmif; aygufç
ESm&nfxGufaom ESmacgif;aygufç rsuf&nfxGufaom rsufpdayguf
tp&Sdaom 'Gg&udk;ayguf[lí qdktyfaom taygufpk-udk;aomif;
udk;axmifaom arG;nif;aygufpkonf tmumowHcg;rsKd;pkwnf;/
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--------------
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- O'wd yo0wD w d Owk /

- O'Edå yo0EdÅ {awe Moumo owå
ocFg&avmumwd Owk?
O'wd yo0wd=yGm;wwf\? £wd=þodkYaom taMumif;
aMumifh? Owk=Owkrnf\/
{awe=þ"mwfr;D aMumif?h Moumo owå ocFg& avmum=
Moumoavmuç owåavmuç ocFg&avmuwdkYonf? O'EÅd-
yo0Eå=d oHo&mü urÇmtqufquf jzpfymG ;íaeMuuke\ f ? £wd=
þodYk avmuoH;k yg;wd\
Yk jzpfymG ;&eftaMumif;jzpfaom owåad Mumif?h
Owk=Owkrnf\/
þum; toifhMuHzefíjyKaom 0dN*dK[f/
Owk E S i f h a waZm
atmufujyqdkcJhNyD;aom awaZm[kqdktyfaom "mwfrD;udk
yifqo
kd wnf;/
Moumoavmuud k zef q if ; aom awaZm"mwf
terw*¾ oHo&mü urÇmtqufqufwu Ykd kd wnfaxmifzef
qif;ayonfvnf; þ"mwfrD;yifwnf;? pMu0VmteEÅwdkYudk
zefqif;ayonfvnf; þ"mwfrD;yifwnf;? teEÅpMu0VmwGif
wpfckckaompMu0Vmü pMu0VmudkcHaom ,lZemudk;odef;ajcmuf
aomif;txk&Sdaom avjyifBuD;ç xdkavjyifBuD;ay:rSm wnfaom
,lZemav;odef;&Spfaomif;txk&Sdaom a&jyifBuD;ç xdka&jyifBuD;
ay:rSmwnfaom ,lZemESpfodef;av;aomif; txk&Sdaom odvm
yHokajrjyifBuD;ç xdkajrjyifüaygufa&mufaom jrifhrdk&fawmif
pMu0Vmawmif owå&bmefawmif [dr0EÅmawmif tkid Mf u;D ckepftikd f
r[mork'&´ mav;pif; oDwmckepfwef uRe;f Mu;D av;uRe;f uRe;f i,f
ESpfaxmif tvkH;pkHaom ajrtpk a&tpk awmtpk awmiftpk
tyg,fav;bkH vlb Y Hk ewfjynfajcmufxyf tued|wkid af tmifaom
jA[®mb
h pHk -k þtvk;H pkaH om Moumoavmuonfvnf; xk"d mwfr;D
wnfaxmifzefqif;csufomwnf;/
«owåol&da,myrokwfç t*¾nokwfç ¤if;okwfwkdY\ t|uxmç 0dok'¨dr*f
wkdYü tus,fvmaom urÇmysufrI urÇmwnfaxmifrIwkdYukd&Ií "mwfrD;
\ tpGrf;ukd odtyf\/»
awaZm\ aqmif & G u f r I o wå d
rD;- a&- av[laom tzsufokH;rsKd;wkdYwGif rD;[lonfum;
OPS"mwfr;D yifwnf;? a&zsuo f nf[&l müum;- a&[laom tmayg
ukd vkd&if;r[kwf? xkdtmaygESifh,SOfaom oDw"mwfukdom vkd&if;
wnf;? oDw"mwfrD;zsufonfukd a&zsufonf[krSwf&rnf/
avzsufaomurÇmüvnf; xkdavukdwnfaxmif zefqif;
aomolum; OPS"mwfrD;aywnf;? xkdYaMumifh urÇmukdzsufonf
vnf; "mwfrD;yifwnf;? urÇmukdwnfaxmifzefqif;ayonfvnf;
"mwfr;D yifwnf;/
þum; Moumoavmu wnfaxmifrIwnf;
--------------
owåavmuukd zefqif;aom awaZm"mwf
owåavmurSmvnf; tvGeaf o;i,fví S yuwdpu©Kjzifh
rjrifaumif;aom owå0grSpí tued| jA[®mrif;Mu;D \ cE¨muk, d f
wkdifatmif ½kyfwkdY\jzpfrIukdjrifí "mwfrD;\tpGrf;ukd odtyf\/
ouf w rf ; uk d j yKjyif a om awaZm"mwf r D ;
odyu
Hk m;- ½ky&f adS om owå0gwk\ Yd y#doaE¨cPü a&S;OD;pGm
jzpfay:aom ½kyu f vmyfwo Ydk nf a&S;uH a[mif; xlaxmifzefqif;í
jzpfay:Mu&uke\ f ? y#doaE¨\XDcPrSpí tpOftwkid ;f ½kypf ½k yk cf J
jzpfrIwnfrI wkd;rIyGm;rI t*FgMuD;i,fwnfaxmifrIwkdYonfum;
"mwfrD;\trIwkdYaywnf;? ur®Z½kyf pdwåZ½kyf tm[m&Z½kyfwkdY
onfum;- "mwfrD;wnfaxmifíay;aom ukd,ft*FgwkdYukd tpOf
vkdufí jzpfMu&ukef\? a&tkdifü a&e,fus,fíoGm;&mrSm Mum
vkdufíaygufyGm;ouJhokdYwnf;? wd&pämefrsKd;wkdYESifhwuG ½kyf&Sdaom
vlewf jA[®mowå0gwk\Yd toufwrf; twkt d &Snf &Sod nfrmS vnf;
þ "mwfrD;tcsufyifwnf;/
touf w rf ; &S n f r I E S i f h w k d r I
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arGUrI tqifhqifh&Sdí toufwrf;&SnfrI tqifhqifh&Sdayonf?
"mwfrD;\ rjidrfoufrI xkd"mwfrD;\wnf&m u&Zum,½kyf Murf;
wrf;rI tqifhqifh&Sdí toufwrf;wkdrI tqifhqifh&Sdayonf/
Zmwd e d , mr
*AÇao,suowå0gwkdYü y#doaE¨tcg trdtzwkdY\ edóE´
0w¦Kü a&maESmzufpyfí jzpfaom Owk[laom xkd"mwfrD;onf
trdrsKd; tzrsKd;okdY tpOfvkduf\? opfyifwkdYü ADZed,mr½kyfuJhokdY
owå0gwkdYü Zmwded,mr½kyfaywnf;? xkdZmwded,mraMumifh
tqif;oP²mefpaom tvk;H pko H nf trdrsK;d tzrsK;d twkid ;f omjzpfNr/J
MoZmxuf o ef & mok d Y vk d u f j cif ;
e*g;ESifh vlç udEé&mESifhvlpojzifh Zmwfrwlaom olwkdYcsif;
aygif;zuf&müum;- u&Z½kyf MoZmxufoef&mokdY Zmwd½kyfvkduf
onf[k ,lzG,f&Sd\/
þum;- owåavmu wnfaxmifrIwnf;
ocF g &avmuuk d zef q if ; aom awaZm"mwf
opfyifcsKEH , G pf aom ocFg&avmuonfum; "mwfr;D \ tpD;
tyGm;oufoufaywnf;? tvkH;pkHaom opfyifcsKHEG,f ponfwkdYukd
tOtrsK;d rsK;d ç tan§muftrsK;d rsK;d ç tñGet Yf rsK;d rsK;d ç yifpnftrsK;d rsKd ;ç
tukdif;trsKd;rsKd;ç tcuf t&Guf tyGifh toD; t&omtrsKd;rsKd;
wkdYESifhwuG urÇmysufonfwkdifatmif "mwfrD;onf wnfaxmif
zefqif;ay\? xkd"mwfrD; wnfaxmifzefqif;aom tyift&Guf
toD;tyGiw hf uYdk dk wlatmifxv k yk af &;om; jc,fv, S Ef idk af om yef;yk
q&m yef;csDq&mwkdYukd avmuü csD;rGrf;Mu&ukef\/
ocF g &ü AD Z ed , mr
owå0gwküYd Zmwde, d mr&So d uJo
h Ydk þocFg&wküYd vnf; ADZed
,mr&S\
d ? aeç vç eu©wçf wm&mMu;D ç wm&mi,fç N*Kd [Mf u;D ç N*Kd [if ,fç
paom avmutaqmufttkHpkç a&T aiG ykvJ ywåjrm; tp&Sdaom
&wemrsK;d ç oHrsK;d ç aMu;rsK;d ç jy'g;rsK;d tp&Sad om "mwfrsK;d tvk;H pko
H nf
vnf; "mwfrD;\ tpD;tyGm;omwnf;/
þum;- ocFg&avmuwnfaxmifcsufwnf;/
---------------
"mwf r D ; onf y if Owk
þokdYvQif-
O'EÅd yo0EÅd {awe Moumo owå
]]O'EÅ
ocFg&avmumwd Owk}}
[laom 0pew¬EiS t hf nD avmuok;H yg;wk\
Yd jzpfay:aMumif;
yGm;pD;aMumif;jzpfí ½kyfESifhpyfaom avmuokH;rsKd;ukd wnfaxmif
zefqif;aywwfaomaMumifh "mwfrD;ukd Owk[líqkdownf;/
awaZm"mwf r D ; trsKd ; rsKd ;
"mwf r D ; ES p f r sKd ;
xdk"mwfrD;onf tZÑwå"mwfrD;ç A[d'¨"mwfrD; [líESpfyg;
tjym;&S\
d /
tZÑwå " mwf r D ;
xdkESpfyg;wdkYwGif tZÑwå"mwfrD;onf ur®Zç pdwåZç OwkZç
tm[m&Z[líav;yg;&dS\? t0Dpdi&Jol oP²mefrSpí tued|
jA[®mo
Y P²mefwikd af tmif ZmwftrsK;d rsK;d tMurf;tEk trsK;d rsK;d tm;jzifh
xkd"mwfrD;onf teEÅrsm;jym;\/
A[d ' ¨ " mwf r D ;
A[d'¨"mwfrD;onf oDw"mwfrD;ç OPS"mwfrD;[lí tusOf;
tm;jzifh ESpyf g;jzpf\? *drmS e"mwfr;D ç 0óme"mwfr;D ç a[rEÅ "mwfr;D
[lí Owktvkdtm;jzifh okH;yg;jzpf\/
xkt
Yd wl &wkajcmufyg;qko d nfvnf; "mwfr;D ajcmufrsK;d ukyd if
qkdonf? wpfq,fhESpf&moDqkdonfvnf; "mwfrD;wpfq,fhESpf
rsKd;yifwnf;? wpf&mh&Spfe0if; qkdonfvnf; ae"mwfrD;ESifh eu©wf
"mwfrD; zufpyfí txl;taxGyGm;aom "mwfrD;rsKd; wpf&mh&SpfrsKd;
yifwnf;? we*FaEGç wevFmpaom N*dK[fMuD;&Spfyg;ç ukd;yg;[lonf
vnf; "mwfrD;tjym;yifwnf;? aA'ifusrf;ç aq;usrf;ç "mwfusrf;ç
eu©wu f sr;f ç edrw
d u f sr;f ponfwüYdk qko d rQaom avmuD a0g[m&
tjym;pkonf "mwfrD;\ trIcsnf;omwnf;/
ZmwftrsK;d rsK;d tMurf;tEk trsK;d rsK;d tm;jzifh xkAd [d'¨ "mwfr;D
onf teEÅrsm;jym;\/
"mwf r D ; q,f r sKd ;
rmwdumyk'fü "mwfrD;q,frsKd;qkdonfum;- tZÑwå"mwfrD;
av;yg;ukd oDwç OPSEpS yf g;ESihf ajrm§ uf- tZÑw"å mwfr;D &Spyf g;jzpf\?
A[d'"¨ mwfr;D onf oDwçOPSEpS yf g;&S\ d ? ESp&f yfuadk ygif;aomf "mwfr;D
q,fyg;jzpf\/
½k y f tpk t cJ w k d Y ü jzpf y suf & I y k H
ouf&SdoufrJhtvkH;pkH ½kyfpk½kyfcJ[lorQonf "mwfrD;pk
"mwfrD;cJom jzpf\? ylrIat;rI[laom xkd"mwfrD;onf tNrJvQif
xGef; awmufjcif;trIjzpfav&um; tvkH;pkHaom ouf&SdoufrJh
½kyfwkH; ½kyfcJpkonf tNrJvQif wodrfhodrfh wvQrf;vQrf; w&Sdef&Sdef
awmuf xGef;yGm;pD;í ae\? rdrdukd,fü OD;aESmufcJ rsufvkH;cJpkrS
pí ajcz0g;xd "mwfaygufatmif Munfhav? wodrfhodrfh wvQrf;
vQrf; w&Sdef&Sdef xifjrifaomt&mrsKd;ü ukd,fcE¨mESifh tjynfh&Sdaom
"mwfr;D onf topftopfaom ½kyw f u Ydk v
dk nf; uk,
d cf E¨mESihf tjynfh
tjynfhyif jzpfay:ap\? jzpfay:orQukdvnf; cPcsif;avmifí
uG,faysmufap\?
þokdY ta[mif;uG,faysmufrIESifh topfjzpfay:rItwGuf
wodrfhodrfhxif&avonf/
jzpf y suf ½ I & mü taES m if h t ,S u f
y&rw¬"r®wkdYürsufpdjzifh jrifaumif;avmufatmif vIyf&Sm;
aomw&m;[lí wpfckrQr&Sd? topf topfjzpfay:rIESifh ta[mif;
ta[mif;uG,faysmufrI a&m,Sufíaeaomt&mpkrSm rsufjrif
tm;jzifh vIyo
f nf[x
k if&onf? xonf[çk <uonf[çk usonf[çk
oGm;onf[kç vmonf[k xif&onf? tpdwftpdwf "mwfayguf
atmif jrifaomÓPf&rdS S xkt
d xifudk y,fazsmufEidk of nf? xkÓ
d Pf
onfvnf; tm;r&Sad o;aom tcgü xkÓ d Pfuydk if xkt
d xifvu dk í
f
zsufwwfao;onf/
ynwf w k d Y ck c H a ewwf j cif ;
rdrdukd,fcE¨mtwGif;ü ÓPfukdoGif;í "mwfobm0 ouf
oufukdMunfhrnf[k Munfhaomtcg xkdtxifvkdufí zsufonf
&Sad omf "mwfobm0 oufoufoYdk qkud af tmifrpl;yJ orl[ oP²me
ynwfç oEÅwdynwfwkdY ckcHíaewwfonf/
orl [ ç oP² m eynwf
orl[oP²meynwf[o
l nfum; - txnfj'Afwnf;? &Iaom
ÓPfonf txnfj'AfESifh wkdufíaevQif y&rwftppfokdY rqkduf
Ekid Nf y/D
oEÅ w d ynwf
oEÅwyd nwfqo
dk nfum;- edAmÁ efrS wpfyg;aom y&rwfppfwYdk
rnfonf rsufawmifwpfcwfrQ touf&Snfaom w&m;[lí
wpfckrQr&Sd? jzpfysuf jzpfysufwkdYcsnf;omwnf;? xkdokdYjzpfygvsuf
ysufrIjzpfrI a&m,Sufíaeaomtcg ysufqkH;avaom ta[mif;
pkEiS hf aemufjzpf topfpu
k dk wpfcw
k nf;rSw,
f í
l wpfcwk nf; xifí
aeaom ynwfonf oEÅwdynwfrnf\/
ynwf E S i f h y&rwf uJ G a tmif & I
ÓPfü þoEÅwdynwf 0ifízsufaomtcg wpfckaom
w&m;onfyif onfvkdjzpfjyefonfç [kdvkdjzpfjyefonfç onfokdY
a&mufjyefonfç [kdokdYa&mufjyefonfç vIyfonfç<uonfç xonf
pojzifh xif&avownf;? xkdYaMumifh xkdorl[ynwfç oP²me
ynwfç oEÅwdynwfpkESifh y&rwftppfukd uJGatmifcJGí &Iav/
þum; wodrfhodrfh wtdrfhtdrfh wvIyfvIyf wvSufvSuf
xiforQü ynwfrI axG;,Sufcsufukdjyqkdaom pum;pkwnf;/
tcsKyf t jcmjzpf a om awaZm"mwf r D ;
usr;f *efwüYdk Owk[í
l ac:qkad om þ"mwfr;D \ tjcif;t&m
wefc;dk tmEkabmfudk awaZm"mwf tcef;uvnf; twefi,fqcdk NhJ y/D
xkdtcef;ü qkdcJhaomt&mpkESifh þOwkt&mü tenf;i,fjyqkd
vkdufaom t&mpkukfd tukefjrifvQifyif Owk[laom þ"mwfrD;\
MuD;us,fqef;Mu,frIç qkdcJhjyD;aom avmuokH;yg;ü þ"mwfrD;
onfom tcsKyftjcmjzpfaMumif;ç avmuokH;yg;onf "mwfrD;\
tpD;tyGm; omjzpfaMumif;wkdYukd "mwfaygufatmif jrifvdrfhrnf/
þwGifa&GUum;-þukd,fMuD;onf "mwfrD;\ tpD;tyGm;omjzpf\[laom
wwd,rmwdumyk'f\ t"dyÜg,fjyD;\/
4-pwkw¬ rmwdum
tm[m& MoZm "mwfqD
]]t,Huma,m=þukd,faumifMuD;ukd? tm[ma&[d=
q,frsKd;aom "mwfqDwkdYonf? xrÇdawm=tNrJrjywf
axmufyHh tyf\}}
[laom pwkwr¬ mwdumyk'üf usr;f *efwüYdk MoZm[lívnf;
aumif;ç tm[m&[lívnf;aumif; ac:qkt d yfaom y&rwf½yk q
f D
onf&Sd\/ / xkd½kyfqDukd "mwfqDqkdownf;/
MoZmES i f h t m[m&
xdk"mwfqDonf-
O',meEÅ&H ½lyH ZaewDwd MoZm
MoZ|ruH ½lyH tm[&wDwd tm[ma&m
[laom 0dN*dK[f ESpf&yfaMumifh MoZmrnf\? tm[m&vnf;
rnf\/
O',meEÅ&=H rdrd Oyg'fonf\ tjcm;rJüh ? ½ly=H ½kyu
f ?kd Zaewd=
jzpfymG ;apwwf\? £wd=þodaYk om taMumif;aMumif?h MoZm=MoZm
rnf\/
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½Spfckudk? tm[&wd=vGefpGmaqmifwwf jzpfyGm;apwwf\? £wd=
þodkYaom taMumif;aMumifh? tm[ma&m=tm[m&rnf\/
(usrf;*efwdkYüjyqdkaom 0dN*dK[fESpf&yf)/
MoZm"mwf q D
xdk"mwfqDonf tZÑwå"mwfqDç A[d'¨"mwfqD- [líESpfyg;
½S\
d / / tZÑw"å mwfr;D ½Spyf g;ç A[d'"¨ mwfr;D ESpyf g;[lí "mwfr;D q,fyg;
jym;&um; xdk"mwfrD;\ tzufjzpfaom "mwfqDvnf; q,fyg;
yifjym;\/
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xd"k mwfqo D nf tm[m&Z ½kyu f vmyfwu Ykd kd jzpfapjcif;udpçö
umrbHkom;wdkY\ pwkork|medu½kyfcE¨mudk axmufyHhrIudpö[lí
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tqDMunf}} þtqDEpS rf sK;d wdu Yk kd jzpfymG ;apjcif;trIonf tm[m&Z
½kyfuvmyfwdkYudk jzpfapjcif;udpörnf\/
touf a rG ; rI BuD ; us,f y H k jrif E k d i f r S
umrbHkom;wdkY\ ½kyfcE¨monf tpmtm[m&ESifhuif;í
rsuaf wmifwpfcwfrQ rwnfEidk ?f xdo k Ykd rwnfEidk af omaMumifyh ifvQif
avmuütoufarG;rI[laomudpöonf tBuD;tus,fqHk;aom
udpjö zpfownf;? uke;f owå0gç a&owå0gtaygif;wd\ Yk touf½n S f
orQ aeYaeY nn vIyv f yI &f &G G tm;xkwMf u&aom trIawGukd tESUH
tjym;jrifEkdifygvQif toufarG;rIBuD;us,faMumif;udk jrifvdrfhrnf?
toufarG;rI BuD;us,faMumif;udkjrifEkdifygvQif tpmtm[m&rI
Bu;D us,af Mumif;udk jrifvrd rhf nf? tpmtm[m&rI Bu;D us,af Mumif;
udk jrifvQif þ"mwfqD\ axmufyHhrI BuD;us,faMumif;udkvnf;
aumif;ç tZÑwå½kyfcE¨mwdkY\ rsufawmifwpfcwf vQyfwpfjyufrQ
A[d'¨"mwfqD axmufyHhrIESifhuif;í rwnfEkdifaMumif;udkvnf;
aumif; jrifvdrfhrnf/
Oyrmum;- þcE¨mudk,fü½Sdaom cufrmrI El;nHhrI[laom
ajr"mwfç zGUJ ap;rI ,dpk ;D rI[al om a&"mwfç ylraI t;rI[al om rD;"mwfç
awmifhwif;pGm axmufuefrI avsmhvsJpGm axmufuefrI[laom
av"mwfç þ"mwfBu;D av;yg;onf rSex f üJ xifaomvl&yd çf a&xJü
xifaom ae&dyçf v&dyçf wdr&f yd f rd;k &dyEf iS w hf ol nf[al om atmufu
jyqdkcJhNyD;aomt&mudk ESvHk;oGif;íxm;/
aumif;uifüpdkYoufwHrnfonf ½Sd\? xGefudkif;[lívnf;
aumif;ç odMum;rif;\ykqdk;[lívnf;aumif; ac:a0:Mu\?
xdpk o
Ykd ufw[ H al om oP²mefj'Afonf ta½SUu aea&mif taemuf
u rdk;wdrfwdkuf½SdvQif taemufrdk;wdrfwkduftjyifrSm xifay:\?
taemufuaea&mif ta½SUurd;k wdrw f u kd ½f v dS Qif ta½SU rd;k wdrw
f u
kd f
tjyifrSm xifay:\? aerSjzpfonfjzpfí aeaysmufvQif aysmuf
uG,f\? rdk;wdrfwdkufukdrSD&rS jzpfEdkifonfjzpfí rdk;wdrfwdkufaysmuf
ysuv f Qif aysmufu, G \ f ? ae0ef;onf xdo k P²mefudk jzpfay:aprIjzifh
aus;Zl;jyK\? rdk;wdrfwdkufonf xdkoP²mefudk axmufyHhrIjzifh
aus;Zl;jyK\? tMuift&yftpdwfü aea&mifaysmuf\? xdkt&yf
tpdwfü xdkoP²mefonf tydkif;tydkif;jywfí uG,faysmuf\?
aea&mifvHk;vHk;uG,faysmufvQif vHk;vHk;uG,faysmuf\? tMuif
t&yftpdwüf wdrw f ukd af ysmufysu\
f ? xdt k &yf tpdwüf xdo k P²mef
onf tydkif;tydkif;jywfí aysmufuG,f\? wdrfwdkufyg;&m;aom
ae&mü yg;&m;í oGm;\? aea&mifyif xif&mS ;½Sad omfvnf; axmufyhH
aom wdrfwdkufuG,faysmufvQif cPcsif;uG,faysmufav\/
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-----------
tm[m&\axmuf y H h r I
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---------------
0rf ; rD ; usKd c suf r I u d k jyjcif ;
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----Ä----
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rodEidk Mf uonf/
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íjzpfvmrIponfjzifh þuk, d cf E¨mtwGi;f ü axGaxGvmvm rcHom
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------------
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-----------
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