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Business Plan
The Guide To Writing A Business Plan is designed to help new or existing
business owners take an objective look at their business, identify areas of
strength and weakness, pinpoint needs that otherwise might be overlooked,
spot opportunities early, and begin planning how best to achieve their goals.
For a listing of our offices across the state, go to our web site at:
www.missouribusiness.net/sbdc/centers.asp
E-mail: businesscenter@missouri.edu
Call: (888) 751-2863
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About the Missouri Small Business Start-up Kit Materials July 2006
© 2006 Curators of the University of Missouri www.missouribusiness.net
Guide to Writing a Business Plan page 2
Table of Contents
PREFACE.................................................................................................... 2
INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................3
WHY WRITE A BUSINESS PLAN? ................................................................................3
WHAT IT INCLUDES ......................................................................................................4
PREFACE
The Guide To Writing A Business Plan is designed to help new or existing business owners take an
objective look at their business, identify areas of strength and weakness, pinpoint needs that otherwise
might be overlooked, spot opportunities early, and begin planning how best to achieve their goals.
Guide to Writing a Business Plan page 3
1. Who are your customers? Define your advertising budget and how it will be spent to
target market(s). promote your business.
2. Are your markets growing, steady, or
declining?
3. How large is your market share and
explain how you will capture more of it. C. THE MANAGEMENT PLAN
4. How are your markets segmented?
5. Are your markets large enough to
Answer the following in the management
support business expansion?
section of your business plan:
6. How will you attract, hold, increase
• How does your background/business
your market share? How will you
experience help you in this business?
promote the business?
7. What is your pricing strategy? • What are your weaknesses and how can
you compensate for them?
1. Competition • Who will be on the management team?
• What are their strengths/weaknesses?
Answer the following questions in your • What are their duties?
business plan: • Are these duties clearly defined?
• What are your current personnel needs?
1. Who are your five nearest direct • What are your plans for hiring and
competitors? training personnel?
2. Who are your indirect competitors? • What salaries, benefits, vacations, and
3. Explain your competitors’ strategies holidays will you offer?
used to pursue their markets. How will
yours compete with theirs?
4. What are their strengths and
weaknesses? D. THE FINANCIAL PLAN
5. How does their product or service differ
from yours? To effectively manage your finances, plan a
sound, realistic budget by determining the
2. Pricing and Sales
actual amount of money needed to open your
business (start-up costs) and the amount needed
Describe your pricing strategy and how it to keep it open (operating costs). The first step
compares to the competitors in your market. to building a sound financial plan is to devise a
Explain how you will price your products or start-up budget. Your start-up budget will
services to be profitable while keeping the usually include such one-time-only costs as
prices attractive to customers. major equipment, utility deposits, down
payments, etc. It should allow for these
3. Advertising and Public Relations
expenses:
• Personnel (costs prior to opening)
Devise a plan that uses advertising and • Legal/professional fees
networking as a means to promote your • Occupancy
business. Develop short, descriptive copy (text
• Licenses/permits
material) that clearly identifies your goods or
• Equipment
services, its location and price. Make sure the
advertisements you create are consistent with • Insurance
the image you want to project for your • Supplies
business. In your business plan, describe your • Advertising/promotions
Guide to Writing a Business Plan page 6
The financial section of your business plan • What will your sales goals and profit
should include any loan applications you’ve goals for the coming year be? If a
filed, a capital equipment and supply list, franchise, will the franchisor set your
balance sheet, breakeven analysis, pro-forma sales and profit goals? Or, will he or she
income projections (profit and loss statement) expect you to reach and retain a certain
and a pro-forma cash flow. The income sales level and profit margin?
statement and cash flow projections should
include a three-year summary, detailed by • What financial projections will you
month for the first year, and detailed by quarter need to include in your business plan?
for the second and third years.
• What kind of inventory control system
The accounting system and the inventory will you use?
control system that you will be using is
generally addressed in this section of the
business plan also. If a franchise, the franchisor
may stipulate in the franchise contract the type
Guide to Writing a Business Plan page 7
from each, reliability and frequency of created on the basis of need). One
purchase. product/service often satisfies several
• How easy or difficult is it to get needs.
necessary supplies? If it is difficult, • How long will this market need your
how will you deal with potential or product/service? If your
actual shortages? product/service a fad or continuing
• Are the prices of your supplies steady need; being phased out or created by
or fluctuating? If fluctuating, how do new technology?
you deal with changing costs? • List the characteristics of your average
• List the equipment used by the business customers: age, location (market area),
and comment on its condition. If the average income/sales, sex, life style
equipment has been appraised, include (family or single), working and other
values and state who did the appraisal. important information. The more you
understand about your market, the
G. Legal better your can see to it.
• State form of business (sole • What do customers like and dislike
proprietorship, partnership, LLC, about your product/service or business?
corporation) and status (already formed • Estimate how much the total market
or in process of formation). will spend on this or similar
• State licensing requirements (type and products/services in the next year.
licensing sources) and status (not yet
applied, applied and pending, obtained). B. Environment
• State zoning requirements and status. • Discuss any environmental factors
• State insurance requirements (type, (economic, legal, social or
source) and status. technological) that affect your market
• Have building codes been complied or product/service. Environmental
with? factors are those which have significant
• State any health code requirements. effects on your operation, but over
• Describe any other laws and regulations which you have no control (i.e., county
that affect the business. growth, rising energy costs, prices,
• Describe lease, if any. etc.).
• Trademarks, patents, licenses and
copyrights should be checked for C. Competition
legality. • Discuss your competition; number of
competitors (director or indirect), type
H. Future Plans of company (i.e., product or service),
• What are your plans for the future location, age, reputation, size (sales or
(maintain, expand, diversify, sell, etc.)? customers), market share.
• Estimate how much of your
product/service ALL the competitors
4. Market Analysis will provide in the next year.
• List major competitors (names and
A. Customers (market) addresses). Discuss their
• What is your market, or, who are your product/service, features, age of
customers (wholesalers, retailers, business, price, location/distribution,
consumers, government, etc.). reputation/image, market share, size,
• Why does this market NEED your product/service quality and marketing
product/service? (All markets are strategy.
Guide to Writing a Business Plan page 9
B. Promoting Strategy
D. Competitive Advantages and • Describe how you plan to promote your
Disadvantages product/service. State how you will
• Discuss how your product/service meets promote: advertising, direct mail,
market needs and how you can compare personal contacts, sponsoring events or
with the competition in terms of other word of mouth, trade associations,
product/service features, location, etc.).
distribution, price, other. • If you plan to advertise what media you
• Compare your estimates of the market’s will use: radio, television, newspaper,
demand and the competition’s supply. magazines, telephone book yellow
• The relationship of supply and demand pages, Internet, and/or other (billboard,
will affect your marketing and sales etc.). State why you consider the media
strategy. High demand with low supply you have chosen to be the most
usually means less competition and less effective.
advertising. Low demand and high • State the content of your promotion or
supply indicates a very competitive advertising: what your product/service
situation and a need for extensive is, why it is attractive, business
marketing. location, business hours, business phone
number, web site, and other. When you
E. Projections are designing your advertising,
• Give your projections in terms of either remember you are selling to satisfy
the number of customers, items sold, or someone’s needs. Refer back to your
contracts obtained, etc. Market Analysis on need.
7. Financial
B. Statement
• If business is an existing one, include
business tax returns and financial
statements for the last three years.
Financial statements should include:
♦ Balance Sheet
♦ Income Statement
♦ Accounts Receivable and Aging
♦ Accounts Payable and Aging
♦ Debt Schedule
♦ Reconciliation of Net Worth
• For both existing and new businesses,
project the following financial
statements for the next three years
(monthly for the 1st year, quarterly for
2nd and 3rd years).
• Operating (or Income) Statement with
explanation (sales, expenses, profit):
♦ Balance Sheet
♦ Reconciliation of Net Worth
♦ Cash Flow with Explanation
♦ Break-even Analysis
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