Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1984
Distributed compliments of
Simplex Plaza
Gardner, MA 01441-0001 USA PER-11-900
Reprinted from the January 1984 Fire Journal@ (Vol. 78, No. 1).
Copywright@ National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA
Reprinted with permission.
Fire service, hotel, and fire protection industry rep Table 1 provides additional information on test num-
resentatives witnessed a series of 11 demonstration test bers, room numbers, dimensions, room use, fire
fires conducted September 8-10, 1982 in an old hotel scenarios, fire test methods, furnishings, and ventilation
scheduled for demolition in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. conditions.
The purpose of the fire tests was to observe the operation Nine of the eleven fires were flaming-started and two
of a retrofit automatic sprinkler system installed with were smouldering-started. In the smouldering fires,
quick-response sprinklers and polybutylene pipe and to neither test fire progressed from the smouldering stage
also observe the perlbrmance of smoke and heat detec- to the flaming stage. Test 9 was terminated after two
tors installed in various locations in the five test rooms. hours with no visible smoke and no detectors operated.
A previous article described sprinkler performance.’
This article will discuss the performance of smoke and
heat detectors during those 11 tests. Detector System Design
The fire tests were designed to simulate common hotel
fire scenarios. The following scenarios were chosen for Each test room was equipped witha series of detector
the test series: clusters consisting of a 135°F rate-of-rise/fixed-tem-
Series A: Arson (flammable liquid) fire in a hotel perature heat detector, a photoelectric smoke detector,
guest room; and an ionization smoke detector in each cluster. A typ-
Series B: Flaming-started fire in a wastepaper basket ical cluster is shown in Figure 1.
in a hotel guest room; A total of 42 detectors in 14 clusters was installed as
Series C: Arson fire involving luggage in a hotel guest shown in Figure 2. The smoke detectors used in these
room; tests were “off-the-shelf,” selected at random, and not
Series D: Hotel corridor fire tests (maid’s cart and ar- prescreened to be extra sensitive. The average sensitiv-
son);
Series E: Fire in maid’s cart in a hotel storage room;
Series F: Smouldering-started fire in a hotel guest
room.
The fire tests were conducted in five rooms on the
second floor of a vacant five-story, fire-resistive hotel.
Weather conditions during the test series included tem-
peratures ranging from 8P87”F and relative humidity
between 75-89 percent. The hotel was not air-
conditioned at the time of the test series.
Ceiling heights in the guest rooms and corridor were 8
feet, 5 inches and ceiling height in the storage room was
9 feet, 2 inches. Walls and ceiling were noncombustible
plaster on concrete.
E 6 4 5’8%” x Storage Typical hotel Maids Cigarette Doors & windows a Ceiling -
14 room maids cart, cart fire lighter placed closed. center of
9’2” with plastic (flaming through hole at mom.
ceiling trashbag filled ignition) bottom of trash-
height with newspaper, bag, igniting
cloth, and plas- newspaper.
tic shower cur-
tain. Linen
towels were on
top of the cart.
F 2.9 2 14’5%” x Guest Same as Room 1, Smouldering Test 2: energized Doors & windows a Ceiling -
12’2” room but without 1,~watt iron closed in both center of
8’5” chairs, lamp, placed on bed tests. room
ceiling end table. near pillow. a Ceiling -
height In Test 2, entryway
Test 9: energized windows in l Wall-
1,506 watt iron Room 3 were 6 below
placed on bed open. ceiling
near pillow.
Figure 2.
No. 4
\I WALKWAY / u
I \
ROOM 203 ROOM 210
TEST SITE
Legend
Table 2.
Difference
First First Between
First Photo- Heat First Second 1st c- 2nd
lonixtiun Ekctric Detrctor First TYVV TYV~ TYV~ of Difference
Response Response Response Sprinkler Detector Detector Detector Between 1st
Test Room (Time) (Time) (TimeJ Response to to to Respond Detector & Temperature (77 Smoke 5*-O ieoel
Series No. No. (Locution) (Location) (Location) (Time) Respond Respond (Time) Sprinkler Time Ceiling (S’-0) % Trans. I ObslFt.
6 7 3 I:01 I:10 II:58 1435 I P 0:09 13:34 I:00 87.6 87.8 100 -
WI1 wall wall 2:oo 87.8 87.9 89 3.5
14:OO 136.6 122.4 48 20.0
c 11 3 0:12 0:28 0:07 NIS H I 0:05 N/S 0:30 88.1 89.2 100 -
entry wiling entry 5:Oo 88.0 9c.o 90 3.2
7:00 353.6 261.5 21 37.9
c 10 1 0:12 0:3H I:09 I:09 I P 0:26 0:57 0:lO 98.6 105.7 100 -
ceiling entry entry 0:40 104.6 115.6 100 -
I:05 140.5 156.7 92 2.5
D 4 5 099 023 0:19 0:li I H o:lO 0~08 @IO 120.7 109.W 100 -
wrridor wrridor corridor 0:15 153.2 115.5’ 100 -
right lrfi right 0:20 149.3 111.7* 80 6.6
D x .5 0:e.i @5i NIA 153 1 P 033 1:29 050 89.8 90.8* 100 -
wrridor wrridor I:40 113.9 91.P 42 23.2
right right 150 151.3 93.7’ 16 42.8
E 6 4 033 a-12 212 212 I P 009 I:39 I:00 90.3 91.1 97 0.9
wiling ceiling ceiling 2:00 131.0 94.7 4 62.5
2:lO 178.8 98.6 2 69.7
F 2 2 l&:41 0:36:12 N/A NIS P I I:0829 N/S 3B:oo -91.0 91.9 94 1.9
enhy ceiling 1:WMXJ 92.8 93.5 B4 5.2
2:mOO 99.0 101.1 41 23.8
3:oo:cxl 105.3 108.4 20 38.8
-
F 9 2 Test Test Test Test Test Test Test Test
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