Draft copy

Submitted

By Pradeep kumar t

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 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

As we all know IPO – INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING is the hottest

topic in the current industry, mainly because of India being a developing

country and lot of growth in various sectors which leads a country to

ultimate success. And when we talk about country’s growth which is

dependent on the kind of work and how much importance to which sector is

given. And when we say or talk about industries growth which leads the

economy of country has to be balanced and given proper finance so as to

reach the levels to fulfill the needs of the society. And industries which have

massive outflow of work and a big portfolio then its very difficult for any

company to work with limited finance and this is where IPO plays an

important role.

This report trying to help to find out IPO performance during 2010,

what are the companies which issued during this year. How and what are

the steps taken by the companies before going for any IPO and also the role

of (SEBI) Securities and Exchange Board of India the BSE and NSE , what

are primary and secondary markets and also the important terms related to

IPO. It gives us idea of how IPO is driven in the market and what are

various factors taken into consideration before going for an IPO. And it also

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tells us how we can more or less judge a good IPO. Then we all know that

scams have always been a part of any sector you go in for which are

covered in it and also few recommendations are given for the same. It also

gives us some idea about what are the expenses that a company undertakes

during an IPO.

IPO has been one of the most important generators of

funds for the small companies making them big and given a new vision in

past and it is still continuing its work and also for many coming years.

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Chapter

INTRODUCTION

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INTRODUCTION TO IPO

IPO stands for Initial Public Offering and means the new offer of

shares from a company which was previously unlisted. This is done by

offering those shares to the public, which were held by the promoters or the

private investors prior to the IPO. In the case when other investors or

Promoter held the shares the stake holding comes down to the extent their

shares are offered to the public. In other cases new shares are issued to the

public and the shares, which are with the promoters stay with them. In both

cases the share of the promoters in the total capital comes down.

For example say there are 100 shares in a company and 50 of these

are offered to the public in an IPO then in such a case the promoter’s stake

in the company comes down from 100% to 50%. In another case the

company issues 50 additional shares to the public and the stake of the

promoter comes down from 100% to 67%.

Normally in an IPO the shares are issued at a discount to what

is considered their intrinsic value and that’s why investors keenly await

IPOs and make money on most of them. IPO are generally priced at a

discount, which means that if the intrinsic value of a share is perceived to be

Rs.100 the shares will be offered at a price, which is lesser than Rs.100 say

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Rs.80 during the IPO. When the stock actually lists in the market it will list

closer to Rs.100. The difference between the two prices is known as Listing

Gains, which an investor makes when investing in IPO and making money

at the listing of the IPO. A Bullish Market gives IPO investors a clear

opportunity to achieve long term targets in a short term phase.

What is an IPO

An IPO is the first sale of stock by a company to the public. A

company can raise money by issuing either debt or equity. If the company

has never issued equity to the public, it's known as an IPO.

Companies fall into two broad categories: private and public.

A privately held company has fewer shareholders and its owners don't have

to disclose much information about the company. Anybody can go out and

incorporate a company: just put in some money, file the right legal

documents and follow the reporting rules of your jurisdiction. Most small

businesses are privately held. But large companies can be private too. Did

you know that IKEA, Domino's Pizza and Hallmark Cards are all privately

held?

It usually isn't possible to buy shares in a private company. You

can approach the owners about investing, but they're not obligated to sell

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you anything. Public companies, on the other hand, have sold at least a

portion of themselves to the public and trade on a stock exchange. This is

why doing an IPO is also referred to a “going public”.

Public companies have thousands of shareholders and are subject to

strict rules and regulations. They must have a board of directors and they

must report financial information every quarter. In the United States, public

companies report to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In

other countries, public companies are overseen by governing bodies similar

to the SEC. From an investor's standpoint, the most exciting thing about a

public company is that the stock is traded in the open market, like any other

commodity. If you have the cash, you can invest. The CEO could hate your

guts, but there's nothing he or she could do to stop you from buying stock.

The first sale of stock by a private company to the public,

IPO’s are often issued by smaller, younger companies seeking capital to

expand, but can also be done by large privately-owned companies looking

to become publicly traded. In an IPO, the issuer obtains the assistance of an

underwriting firm, which helps it determine what type of security to issue

(common or preferred), best offering price and time to bring it to market.

IPO’s can be a risky investment. For the individual investor, it is tough to

predict what the stock will do on its initial day of trading and in the near

future since there is often little historical data with which to analyze the

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company. Also, most IPO’s are of companies going through a transitory

growth period, and they are therefore subject to additional uncertainty

regarding their future value.

Primary and Secondary markets

In the primary market securities are issued to the public and the

proceeds go to the issuing company. Secondary market is term used for

stock exchanges, where stocks are bought and sold after they are issued to

the public.

PRIMARY MARKET

The first time that a company’s shares are issued to the public, it is by

a process called the initial public offering (IPO). In an IPO the company

offloads a certain percentage of its total shares to the public at a certain

price.

Most IPO’S these days do not have a fixed offer price. Instead they

follow a method called BOOK BUILDIN PROCESS, where the offer price

is placed in a band or a range with the highest and the lowest value (refer to

the newspaper clipping on the page). The public can bid for the shares at

any price in the band specified. Once the bids come in, the company

evaluates all the bids and decides on an offer price in that range. After the

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offer price is fixed, the company allots its shares to the people who had

applied for its shares or returns them their money.

SECONDRY MARKET

Once the offer price is fixed and the shares are issued to the people,

stock exchanges facilitate the trading of shares for the general public. Once

a stock is listed on an exchange, people can start trading in its shares. In a

stock exchange the existing shareholders sell their shares to anyone who is

willing to buy them at a price agreeable to both parties. Individuals cannot

buy or sell shares in a stock exchange directly; they have to execute their

transaction through authorized members of the stock exchange who are also

called STOCK BROKERS.

Why Go Public?

Basically, going public (or participating in an "initial public offering"

or IPO) is the process in which a business owned by one or several

individuals is converted into a business owned by many. It involves the

offering of part ownership of the company to the public through the sale of

debt or more commonly, equity securities (stock).

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 Going public raises cash and usually a lot of it. Being publicly

traded also opens many financial doors:

➢ Because of the increased scrutiny, public companies can

usually get better rates when they issue debt.

➢ As long as there is market demand, a public company can

always issue more stock. Thus, mergers and acquisitions are easier to do

because stock can be issued as part of the deal.

➢ Trading in the open markets means liquidity. This makes it

possible to implement things like employee stock ownership plans, which

help to attract top talent.

Being on a major stock exchange carries a considerable amount of

prestige. In the past, only private companies with strong fundamentals could

qualify for an IPO and it wasn't easy to get listed.

The internet boom changed all this. Firms no longer needed

strong financials and a solid history to go public. Instead, IPOs were done

by smaller startups seeking to expand their businesses. There's nothing

wrong with wanting to expand, but most of these firms had never made a

profit and didn't plan on being profitable any time soon. Founded on venture

capital funding, they spent like Texans trying to generate enough

excitement to make it to the market before burning through all their cash. In

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cases like this, companies might be suspected of doing an IPO just to make

the founders rich. This is known as an exit strategy, implying that there's no

desire to stick around and create value for shareholders. The IPO then

becomes the end of the road rather than the beginning.

How can this happen? Remember: an IPO is just selling stock. It's all

about the sales job. If you can convince people to buy stock in your

company, you can raise a lot of money.

Getting In On an IPO

The Underwriting Process

Getting a piece of a hot IPO is very difficult, if not impossible. To

understand why, we need to know how an IPO is done, a process known as

underwriting.

When a company wants to go public, the first thing it does is hire an

investment bank. A company could theoretically sell its shares on its own,

but realistically, an investment bank is required - it's just the way Wall

Street works. Underwriting is the process of raising money by either debt or

equity (in this case we are referring to equity). You can think of

underwriters as middlemen between companies and the investing public.

The biggest underwriters are Goldman Sachs, Merrill Lynch, Credit Suisse

First Boston, Lehman Brothers and Morgan Stanley.

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 The company and the investment bank will first meet to negotiate the

deal. Items usually discussed include the amount of money a company will

raise, the type of securities to be issued and all the details in the

underwriting agreement. The deal can be structured in a variety of ways.

For example, in a firm commitment, the underwriter guarantees that a

certain amount will be raised by buying the entire offer and then reselling to

the public. In a best efforts agreement, however, the underwriter sells

securities for the company but doesn't guarantee the amount raised. Also,

investment banks are hesitant to shoulder all the risk of an offering. Instead,

they form a syndicate of underwriters. One underwriter leads the syndicate

and the others sell a part of the issue.

Once all sides agree to a deal, the investment bank puts together a

registration statement to be filed with the SEC. This document contains

information about the offering as well as company info such as financial

statements, management background, any legal problems, where the money

is to be used and insider holdings. The SEC then requires a cooling off

period, in which they investigate and make sure all material information has

been disclosed. Once the SEC approves the offering, a date (the effective

date) is set when the stock will be offered to the public.

During the cooling off period the underwriter puts together what is

known as the red herring. This is an initial prospectus containing all the

information about the company except for the offer price and the effective

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date, which aren't known at that time. With the red herring in hand, the

underwriter and company attempt to hype and build up interest for the issue.

They go on a road show - also known as the "dog and pony show" - where

the big institutional investors are courted.

As the effective date approaches, the underwriter and company sit

down and decide on the price. This isn't an easy decision: it depends on the

company, the success of the road show and, most importantly, current

market conditions. Of course, it's in both parties' interest to get as much as

possible.

Finally, the securities are sold on the stock market and the money is

collected from investors.

As you can see, the road to an IPO is a long and complicated one.

You may have noticed that individual investors aren't involved until the

very end. This is because small investors aren't the target market. They don't

have the cash and, therefore, hold little interest for the underwriters. If

underwriters think an IPO will be successful, they'll usually pad the pockets

of their favorite institutional client with shares at the IPO price. The only

way for you to get shares (known as an IPO allocation) is to have an

account with one of the investment banks that is part of the underwriting

syndicate. But don't expect to open an account with $1,000 and be showered

with an allocation. You need to be a frequently trading client with a large

account to get in on a hot IPO.

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 IPO – ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

The decision to take a company public in the form of an initial

public offering (IPO) should not be considered lightly. There are several

advantages and disadvantages to being a public company, which should

thoroughly be considered. This memorandum will discuss the advantages

and disadvantages of conducting an IPO and will briefly discuss the steps to

be taken to register an offering for sale to the public. The purpose of this

memorandum is to provide a thumbnail sketch of the process. The reader

should understand that the process is very time consuming and complicated

and companies should undertake this process only after serious

consideration of the advantages and disadvantages and discussions with

qualified advisors.

Advantages of going public

➢ Increased Capital

A public offering will allow a company to raise capital to use for

various corporate purposes such as working capital, acquisitions, research

and development, marketing, and expanding plant and equipment.

➢ Liquidity

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 Once shares of a company are traded on a public exchange, those

shares have a market value and can be resold. This allows a company to

attract and retain employees by offering stock incentive packages to those

employees. Moreover, it also provides investors in the company the option

to trade their shares thus enhancing investor confidence.

➢ Increased Prestige

Public companies often are better known and more visible than

private companies, this enables them to obtain a larger market for their

goods or services. Public companies are able to have access to larger pools

of capital as well as different types of capital.

➢ Valuation

Public trading of a company's shares sets a value for the company

that is set by the public market and not through more subjective standards

set by a private valuator. This is helpful for a company that is looking for a

merger or acquisition. It also allows the shareholders to know the value of

the shares.

➢ Increased wealth

The founders of the company often have the sense of increased

wealth as a result of the IPO. Prior to the IPO these shares were illiquid and

had a more subjective price. These shares now have an ascertainable price

and after any lockup period these shares may be sold to the public, subject

to limitations of federal and state securities laws.

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 Disadvantages of going Public

➢ Time and Expense

Conducting an IPO is time consuming and expensive. A successful

IPO can take up to a year or more to complete and a company can expect to

spend several hundreds of thousands of dollars on attorneys, accountants,

and printers. In addition, the underwriter's fees can range from 3% to 10%

of the value of the offering. Due to the time and expense of preparation of

the IPO, many companies simply cannot afford the time or spare the

expense of preparing the IPO.

➢ Disclosure

The SEC disclosure rules are very extensive. Once a company is a

reporting company it must provide information regarding compensation of

senior management, transactions with parties related to the company,

conflicts of interest, competitive positions, how the company intends to

develop future products, material contracts, and lawsuits. In addition, once

the offering statement is effective, a company will be required to make

financial disclosures required by the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934.

The 1934 Act requires public companies to file quarterly statements

containing unaudited financial statements and audited financial statements

annually. These statements must also contain updated information regarding

nonfinancial matters similar to information provided in the initial

registration statement. This usually entails retaining lawyers and auditors to

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prepare these quarterly and annual statements. In addition, a company must

report certain material events as they arise. This information is available to

investors, employees, and competitors.

➢ Decisions based upon Stock Price

Management's decisions may be effected by the market price of the

shares and the feeling that they must get market recognition for the

company's stock.

➢ Regulatory Review

The Company will be open to review by the SEC to ensure that the

company is making the appropriate filings with all relevant disclosures.

➢ Falling Stock Price

If the shares of the company's stock fall, the company may lose

market confidence, decreased valuation of the company may effect lines of

credits, secondary offering pricing, the company's ability to maintain

employees, and the personal wealth of insiders and investors.

➢ Vulnerability

If a large portion of the company's shares are sold to the public, the

company may become a target for a takeover, causing insiders to lose

control. A takeover bid may be the result of shareholders being upset with

management or corporate raiders looking for an opportunity. Defending a

hostile bid can be both expensive and time consuming. Once a company has

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weighed the advantages and disadvantages of being a public company, if it

decides that it would like to conduct an IPO it will have to retain a lead

Parameters to judge an IPO

Good investing principles demand that you study the minutes of

details prior to investing in an IPO. Here are some parameters you should

evaluate:-

➢ Promoters

Is the company a family run business or is it professionally owned?

Even with a family run business what are the credibility and professional

qualifications of those managing the company? Do the top level managers

have enough experience (of at least 5 years) in the specific type of business?

➢ Industry Outlook

The products or services of the company should have a good demand

and scope for profit.

➢ Business Plans

Check the progress made in terms of land acquisition, clearances

from various departments, purchase of machinery, letter of credits etc. A

higher initial investment from the promoters will lead to a higher faith in the

organization.
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 ➢ Financials

Why does the company require the money? Is the company floating

more equity than required? What is the debt component? Keep a track on

the profits, growth and margins of the previous years. A steady growth rate

is the quality of a fundamentally sound company. Check the assumptions

the promoters are making and whether these assumptions or expectations

sound feasible.

➢ Risk Factors

The offer documents will list our specific risk factors such as the

company’s liabilities, court cases or other litigations. Examine how these

factors will affect the operations of the company.

➢ Key Names

Every IPO will have lead managers and merchant bankers. You can

figure out the track record of the merchant banker through the SEBI

website.

➢ Pricing

Compare the company’s PER with that of similar companies. With

this you can find out the P/E Growth ratio and examine whether its earning

projections seem viable.

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 ➢ Listing

You should have access to the brokers of the stock exchanges where

the company will be listing itself.

Understanding the role of intermediaries

➢ Who are the intermediaries in an issue?

Merchant Bankers to the issue or Book Running Lead Managers

(BRLM), syndicate members, Registrars to the issue, Bankers to the issue,

Auditors of the company, Underwriters to the issue, Solicitors, etc. are the

intermediaries to an issue. The issuer discloses the addresses, telephone/fax

numbers and email addresses of these intermediaries. In addition to this, the

issuer also discloses the details of the compliance officer appointed by the

company for the purpose of the issue.

➢ Who is eligible to be a BRLM?

A Merchant banker possessing a valid SEBI registration in

accordance with the SEBI (Merchant Bankers) Regulations, 1992 is eligible

to act as a Book Running Lead Manager to an issue.

➢ What is the role of a Lead Manager? (pre and post issue)

In the pre-issue process, the Lead Manager (LM) takes up the due

diligence of company’s operations/ management/ business plans/ legal etc.

Other activities of the LM include drafting and design of Offer documents,

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Prospectus, statutory advertisements and memorandum containing salient

features of the Prospectus. The BRLMs shall ensure compliance with

stipulated requirements and completion of prescribed formalities with the

Stock Exchanges, RoC and SEBI including finalization of Prospectus and

RoC filing. Appointment of other intermediaries viz., Registrar(s), Printers,

Advertising Agency and Bankers to the Offer is also included in the pre-

issue processes. The LM also draws up the various marketing strategies for

the issue.

The post issue activities including management of escrow accounts,

co-ordinate non-institutional allocation, intimation of allocation and

dispatch of refunds to bidders etc are performed by the LM. The post Offer

activities for the Offer will involve essential follow-up steps, which include

the finalization of trading and dealing of instruments and dispatch of

certificates and demat of delivery of shares, with the various agencies

connected with the work such as the Registrar(s) to the Offer and Bankers

to the Offer and the bank handling refund business. The merchant banker

shall be responsible for ensuring that these agencies fulfill their functions

and enable it to discharge this responsibility through suitable agreements

with the Company.

➢ What is the role of a registrar?

The Registrar finalizes the list of eligible allottees after deleting the

invalid applications and ensures that the corporate action for crediting of
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shares to the demat accounts of the applicants is done and the dispatch of

refund orders to those applicable are sent. The Lead manager co-ordinates

with the Registrar to ensure follow up so that that the flow of applications

from collecting bank branches, processing of the applications and other

matters till the basis of allotment is finalized, dispatch security certificates

and refund orders completed and securities listed.

➢ What is the role of bankers to the issue?

Bankers to the issue, as the name suggests, carries out all the

activities of ensuring that the funds are collected and transferred to the

Escrow accounts. The Lead Merchant Banker shall ensure that Bankers to

the Issue are appointed in all the mandatory collection centers as specified

in DIP Guidelines. The LM also ensures follow-up with bankers to the issue

to get quick estimates of collection and advising the issuer about closure of

the issue, based on the correct figures.

➢ Question on Due diligence

The Lead Managers state that they have examined

various documents including those relating to litigation like commercial

disputes, patent disputes, disputes with collaborators etc. and other materials

in connection with the finalization of the offer document pertaining to the

said issue; and on the basis of such examination and the discussions with

the Company, its Directors and other officers, other agencies, independent

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verification of the statements concerning the objects of the issue, projected

profitability, price justification, etc., they state that they have ensured that

they are in compliance with SEBI, the Government and any other competent

authority in this behalf.

Current issues

SEBI simplifies IPO process – New

Companies to list in 12 days – Benefits
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has been making significant

changes to the the stock market rules and proceedings for quite some time now and

especially on the Initial public offering (IPO) front.

First, it was Applications Supported by Blocked Amount (ASBA) process which

simplified IPO applying procedures and reduced hassles of money refunds. Now, the

Sebi has decided to reduce the time between public issue closure and listing to 12 days

from existing period of up to 22 days. And, this comes to effect on May 1, 2010.

This will greatly help to reduce the reduce instances of manipulation in the pre-

listing period. Several IPOs had created havoc before and after listing due to big grey

market plays. Market operators manipulate the IPO process using the long gap in the

listing process.

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Benefits:
1. When IPO Applied thru ASBA process, your whole IPO bid money stays in your bank
account and continues to earn the interests till the IPO allotment status is out. After then,
only the money for allotted shares will be debited. So, we don’t have to worry about the
refunds from the IPO registrars for you have paid only the exact amount to the registrar.
2. With shorter IPO listing time, duration for which money locked-in your bank account
is shorter. You would see the result of IPO allotments and listings in 12 days and the IPO
money locked-in would be released sooner enabling us to apply for more IPOs than
before. Also, SEBI believes this shorter duration can bring down the grey market
manipulations of IPO listing prices.

VARIOUS TYPES OF ISSUES

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 The classification of issues can be described as below:

IPO
FPO(For
QualifiedISSUES
(For
Unlisted
Listed
Preferential
Private Companies)
Companies)
Private
Institutions
Placement
Issue
Placement
Righ
Publ
Offer
Fresh
(For
(For for
Listed
(ListedCompanies
unlisted
Fresh Cos.)
companies)
)
Placement
ic
t
Issue
Sale
Issue
Issu

es

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 Classification

Issues can be broadly classified into Public Issue, Rights Issue and

Private Placement. Public issues can be further classified into Initial Public

offerings and further public offerings. In a public offering, the issuer makes

an offer for new market investors to join their shareholders family. The

issuer company makes detailed disclosures as per the SEBI (DIP)

Guidelines, 2000 in its offer document and offers it for subscription.

The significant features of each type of Issue are illustrated below:

Initial Public Offering

IPO is when an unlisted company makes either a fresh issue of

securities or an offer for sale of its existing securities or both for the first

time to the public. This provides a listing and trading of the issuer’s

securities.

Rights Issue

It is when a listed company which proposes to issue fresh securities to

its existing shareholders as on a record date. The rights are normally offered

in a particular ratio to the number of securities held prior to the issue. This

route is best suited for companies who would like to raise capital without

diluting stake of its existing shareholders unless they do not intend to

subscribe to their entitlements. A private placement is an issue of shares or

of convertible securities by a company to a select group of persons under

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Section 81 of the Companies Act, 1956 which is neither a rights issue nor a

public issue. This is a faster way for a company to raise equity capital.

Private Placement

Private Placement of shares or of convertible securities by a listed

company is generally known by name of preferential allotment. A listed

company going for preferential allotment has to comply with the

requirements contained in Chapter XIII of SEBI (DIP) Guidelines

pertaining to preferential allotment in SEBI (DIP) guidelines which inter-

alia includes pricing, disclosures in notice etc., in addition to the

requirements specified in the Companies Act.

Further public offering

FPO is when an already listed company makes either a fresh issue of

securities to the public or an offer for sale to the public, through an offer

document. An offer for sale in such scenario is allowed only if it is made to

satisfy listing or continuous listing obligations.

Pricing of an IPO

The pricing of an ipo is a very critical aspect and has a direst impact

on the success or failure of the ipo issue. There area many factors that need

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to be considered while pricing an ipo and on attempt should be made to

reach an ipo price that is low enough to generate interest in the market and

at the sometimes, it should be high enough to raise sufficient capital for the

company.

The process for determining an optimal price for the ipo involves the

underwriting arranging share purchase commitments from leading

institutional investors.

Process

Once the final prospectus is printed and distributed to investors,

company arrangements meets with their investment bank to choose the final

offering price and size. The investment bank tries to fix an appropriate price

for the ipo depending upon the demand expected and the capital

requirements of the company.

The pricing of an ipo is a delicate balancing act as the investment

firms try to strike a balance between the company and the investors. The

lead underwriters is the responsibility to ensure smooth trading of the

company’s stock. The underwriter is legally allowed to support the pricing

of a newly issued stock by either buying them in the market or by selling

them short.

Ipo , pricing differences

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 It is generally noted, that there is alarge difference between the price

at the time of issue of an ipo, and the price when they start trading in the

secondary market.

These pricing disparities occur mostly when an ipo is considered

“hot”, or in othere words, when is appeals to a large numbers of investors.

An ipo is “hot” when the demand for it far exceeds the supply.

The imbalance between demand and supply causes a dramatic rise in

the price of each share in the first day itself, during the early hours of

trading.

Under pricing and overpricing of IPOs

Under pricing:

The pricing of an IPO at less than its market value is reffered to as

“underpricing”. Under priced IPOs helps to generate additional interest in

the stock when it first becomes publically traded. This might result in

significant gains for investors who have been allocated share at the offering

price. However, under pricing also results in loss of significant amount of

capital that could have been raised had the shares been offered at the higher

price.

Overpricing:

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 The pricing of an ipo at more than its market value is reffered to as

“overpricing”. Even “over pricing”, of shares is not as healthy option. If the

stock is offered at the higher price than what the market is willing to pay,

then it is likely to become difficult for the underwriters to fulfill their

commitment to sell shares. Furthermore, even if the underwriters are

successful in selling all the issued shares and the stocks falls in value of on

the first day itself of trading, then it is likely to lose its marketability and

hence, even more of its value.

Principal steps in an IPO

➢ Approval of BOD : approval of BOD is required for raising capital from

the public.

➢ Appointment of lead managers: the lead manager is the merchant banker

who orchestrates the issue in consultation of the company.

➢ Appointment of other intermediaries:

• Co-managers and advisors
• Underwriters
• Bankers
• Broker and principal bankers
• Registrars

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Filing the prospectus with SEBI

The prospective or the offer document communicates information

about the company and the proposed security issue to the investing public.

All the companies seeking to make a public issue have to file their offer

document with SEBI. If SEBI or public does not communicate its

observations within 21 days from the filing of the offer document, the

company can proceed with its public issue.

Filing of the prospectus with the registrar of the companies

Once the prospectus have been approved by the concerned stock

exchanges and the consent obtained from the banker, auditors, registrar,

underwriters and others, the prospective signed by the directors, must be

filed with the registrars of companies, with the required documents as per

the companies act 1956.

• Printing and dispatch of prospectus: After the prospectus

is filed with the registrar of companies, the company should print the

prospectus. The quantity in which prospectus is printed should be sufficient

to meet requirements. They should be send to the stock exchanges and

brokers so they receive them atleast 21 days before the first announcement

is made in the news papers.

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 • Filing of initial listing application: Within 10 days of filing

the prospectus, the initial listing application must be made to the concerned

stock exchanges with the listing fees.

• Promotion of the issue: The promotional campaign

typically commences with the filing of the prospectus with the registrar of

the companies and ends with the release of the statutory announcement of

the issue.

• Statutory announcement: The issue must be made after

seeking approval of the stock exchange. This must be published atleast 10

days before the opening of the subscription list.

• Collections of applications: The Statutory announcement

specifies when the subscription would open, when it would close, and the

banks where the applications can be made. During the period the

subscription is kept open, the bankers will collect the applications on behalf

of the company.

• Processing of applications: Scrutinizing of the applications

is done.

32
 • Establishing the liability of the underwriters: If the issue

is undersubscribed, the liability of the underwriters has to be established.

• Allotment of shares: Proportionate system of allotment is to

be followed.

• Listing of the issue: The detail listing application should be

submitted to the concerned stock exchange along with the listing agreement

and the listing fee. The allotment formalities should be completed within 30

days.

SIGNIFICANCE OF IPO

Investing in IPO has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Where on

one hand, high element of risk is involved, if successful, it can even result

in a higher rate of return. The rule is: Higher the risk, higher the returns.

The company issues an IPO with its own set of management objectives and

the investor looks for investment keeping in mind his own objectives. Both

have a lot of risk involved. But then investment also comes with an

advantage for both the company and the investors.

33
The significance of investing in IPO can be studied from 2 viewpoints – for

the company and for the investors. This is discussed in detail as follows:

SIGNIFICANCE TO THE COMPANY:

When a privately held corporation needs additional capital, it can

borrow cash or sell stock to raise needed funds. Or else, it may decide to

“go public”. "Going Public" is the best choice for a growing business for

the following reasons:

➢ The costs of an initial public offering are small as compared to the

costs of borrowing large sums of money for ten years or more,

➢ The capital raised never has to be repaid.

➢ When a company sells its stock publicly, there is also the

possibility for appreciation of the share price due to market factors not

directly related to the company.

➢ It allows a company to tap a wide pool of investors to provide it

with large volumes of capital for future growth.

34
 SIGNIFICANCE TO THE SHAREHOLDERS:

The investors often see IPO as an easy way to make money. One of

the most attractive features of an IPO is that the shares offered are usually

priced very low and the company’s stock prices can increase significantly

during the day the shares are offered. This is seen as a good opportunity by

‘speculative investors’ looking to notch out some short-term profit. The

‘speculative investors’ are interested only in the short-term potential rather

than long-term gains.

Eligibility norms for making these issues:

SEBI has laid down eligibility norms for entities accessing thee

primary market through public issues. There is no eligibility norm for a

listed company making a rights issue as it is an offer to the existing

shareholders who are expected to know their company.

The main entry norms for companies making a public issue (IPO or

FPO) are summarized as under:

Entry Norm (EN 1):

The company shall meet the following requirements:

a) Net tangible assets of at least Rs. 3 crores for 3 full years.

b) Distributable profits in at least three years.
c) Networth of atleast Rs. 1 crore in three years.

35
d) If change in name, atleast 50% revenue for proceding 1 year should be form
the new activity.
e) The issue size does not exceed 5 times the pre-issue networth.
To provide sufficient flexibility and also to ensure that genuine companies

do not suffer on account of rigidity of the parameters, SEBI has provided

two other alternative routes to company not satisfying any of the above

conditions, for accessing the primary market, as under:

Entry Norm 11(EN 11)

a) Issue shall be through book building route, with at least 50% to be

mandatory allotted to the Qualified Institutional Buyers (QIBs).

b) The minimum post-issue face value capital shall be Rs. 10 crore or there

shall be a compulsory market-making for at least 2 years

OR

Entry Form 111 (EN 111)

a) The ‘project’ is appraised and participated to the extent of 15 % by

Fis/Scheduled Commercial Banks of which at leat 10% comes from the

appraiser(s).

b) The minimum post-issue face value capital shall be Rs. 10 crores or there

shall be a compulsory market –making for at least 2 years.

In addition to satisfying the aforesaid eligibility norms, the company shall

also satisfy the criteria of having at least 1000 prospective allotters in its.
36
 SEBI GUIDELINES

IPO of Small Companies: Public issue of less than five crores has to

be through OTCEI (Over the Counter Exchange of India) and separate

guidelines apply for floating and listing of these issues.

37
 Public Offer of Small Unlisted Companies (Post-Issue Paid-Up

Capital upto Rs.5 crores) Public issues of small ventures which are in

operation for not more than two years and whose paid up capital after the

issue is greater than 3 crores but less than 5 crores the following guidelines

apply.

1. Securities can be listed where listing of securities is screen based.

2. If the paid up capital is less than 3 crores then they can be listed on the Over

The Counter Exchange of India (OTCEI)

3. Appointment of market makers mandatory on all the stock exchanges where

securities are proposed to be listed.

Size of the Public Issue

Issue of shares to general public cannot be less than 25%of the total issue.

Incase of IT, Media and Telecommunication sectors, this stipulation is

reduced subject to the conditions that

1. Offer to the public is not less than 10% of the securities issued.

38
2. A minimum number of 20 lakh securities is offered to the public

3. Size of the net offer to the public is not less than Rs.30 crores.

Promoters Contribution

1. Promoters should bring in their contribution including premium fully before

the issue.

2. Minimum promoter’s contribution is 20-25% of the public issue.

3. Minimum lock in period for promoter’s contribution is five years.

4. Minimum lock in period for firm allotment is three years.

Collection Centers for Receiving Applications

1. There should be at least 30 mandatory collection centers, which should

include invariably the places where stock exchanges have been established.

2. For issues not exceeding Rs.10 crores the collection centers shall be situated

at:-

• The 4 métropolitain centres vis. Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata & Chennai

• All such centres where stock exchanges are located in the region in which

the registered office of the company is situated.

Regarding allotments of shares

39
1. Net Offer the general public has to be atleast 25% of the total issue size for

listing on a stock exchange

2. It is mandatory for a company to get its shares listed at the regional stock

exchange where the registered office of the issuer is located.

3. In an issue of more than 25 crores the issuer is allowed to place the whole

issue by book-building.

4. Minimum of 50% of the Net Offer to the public has to be reserved for the

investors applying for less than 1000 shares.

5. There should be atleast 5 investors for every 1 lakh equity offered.

6. Quoting of PAN or GIR No. in application for the allotment of securities is

compulsory where monetary value of investment is Rs.50000/- or above.

7. Indian development financial institutions and Mutual Fund can be allotted

securities up to 75% of the issue amount.

8. A venture capital fund shall not be entitled to get its securities listed on any

stock exchange till the expiry of 3 years from the date of issuance of

securities.

9. Allotment to categories of FIIs and NRIs/OCBs is upto maximum of 24%,

which can be further extended to 30% by an application to the RBI-

supported by a resolution passed in the General Meeting.

Timeframes for Issue and Post-Issue Formalities

40
1. The minimum period for which the public issue is to be kept open is 3

working days and the maximum for which it can be kept open is 10 working

days. The minimum period for right issue is 15 working days and the

maximum is 60 working days.

2. A public issue is effected if the issue is able to procure 90% of the total

issue size within 60 days from the date of the earliest closure of the public

issue.

3. In case of oversubscription the company may have he right to retain the

excess application money and allot shares more than the proposed issue,

which is referred to as “green-shoe” option

4. Allotment has to be made within 30 days of the closure of the Public issue

and 42 days in case of Rights issue

5. All the listing formalities of a Public Issue have to be completed within 70

days from the date of closure of the subscription list.

Dispatch of Refund Order

1. Refund orders have to be dispatched within 30 days of the closure of the

issue.

2. Refunds of excess application money i.e. non-allotted shares have to be

made within 30 days of the closure of the issue.

Other Regulations

41
1. Underwriting is not mandatory but 90% subscription is mandatory for each

issue of capital to public unless it is disinvestment where it is not applicable.

2. If the issue is undersubscribed then the collected amount should be returned

back

3. If the issue size is more than Rs500 crores, voluntary disclosures should be

made regarding the deployment of funds and an adequate monitoring

mechanism put in place to ensure compliance.

4. There should not be any outstanding warrants for financial instruments of

any other nature, at the time of the IPO.

5. In the event of the initial public offer being at a premium and if the rights

under warrants or other instruments have been exercised within 12 months

prior to such offer, the resultant shares will be not taken into account for

reckoning the minimum promoters contribution further, the same will also

be subject to lock-in.

6. Code of advertisement as specified by SEBI should be adhered to.

7. Draft prospectus submitted to SEBI should also be submitted

simultaneously to all stock exchanges where it is proposed to be listed.

Restrictions on Allotments

1. Firm allotments to mutual funds, FII and employees are not subject to any

lock-in period.
42
2. Within 12 months of the public issue no bonus issue should be made.

3. Maximum percentage of shares, which can be distributes to employees

cannot be more than 5% and maximum shares to be allotted to each

employee cannot be more than 200.

INTRODUCTION TO CAPITAL MARKET

Capital market may be defined as a market of borrowings and lending

long term capital funds required by business firms. Capital market is the

market for financial assets that have long or indefinite maturity. In other

words it refers to all the facilities and the institutional arrangements for

borrowings and lending medium term and long term funds.

The capital market is dealing with various financial instruments that

are used for raising capital resources in capital market are known as capital

market instruments.

The various capital market instruments used by corporate entities in India

for raising resources are as following:-

Preference shares:-

Shares that carry preferrencial rights in comparison with ordinary shares are

called preference shares. Preferential rights regarding payment of dividends

43
 and the distributions of the assets of the company in the events of its

winding up in preference to equity shares.

There are six types of preference shares, which are as follows,

a) Cumulative preference shares

b) Non cumulative preference shares

c) Participating preference shares

d) Redeemable preference shares

e) Fully convertible cumulative preference shares

f) Preference share with warrants attached.

Equity shares:

Equity share, also known as ordinary shares are the shares held by the

corporate intity. Since equity shareholders face greater risk and have no

specific preferencial rights. They are given larger shares in profit through

higher dividend then those given to preference share holders that the

company’s performance is excellent. Directors declare no dividends in case

there are no profits in subsequent year. Equity shareholders also enjoy the

benefit of ploughing back of undistributed profits kept as reserve and

surplus for the purpose of business expansion. Often part of these is

44
 distributed to them as bonus shares. Such bonus shares are entitled to a

proportionate or full dividend in the succeeding year.

Debentures and bonds:

A document that either creates a debt of acknowledges it is known as

debentures. Accordingly, any documents that fulfill either of this condition

is a debenture. A debenture, issued under the common seal of the company

usually takes the form of certificate that acknowledges in debt ness of the

company.

Importance of capital market

Absence of capital market serves as deterrent factor to capital

formation and economic growth. Resources would remain idle if finances

are not funneled through capital market.

• It serves as an important sourse for the productive use of the economy’s

savings.

• It provides incentives to saving and facilitates capital formation by offering

suitable rates of interest as the price of the capital.

45
• It provides avenue for investors to invest in financial assets.

• It facilitates increase in production and productivity in the economy and

thus enhances the economic welfare of the society.

• A healthy market consisting of expert intermediaries promotes stability in

the value of securities representing capital funds.

• It serves as an important source for technological up gradation in the

industrial sector by utilizing the funds invested by the public.

Primary market reforms:

• Entry barrier for unlisted companies modified as dividend payment in

immediately preceding 3 years.

• A listed company required to meet the entry norm only if the post issue net

worth becomes morethan five times the pre-issue net worth.

• Companies required making their partly paid-up shares fully paid up of

forfeiting the same, before making a public/right issue.

• Unlisted company allowed to freely price its securities provided it has

shown net profit in the immediately preceding 3 years subject to its

fulfilling the exisiting disclosure requirements.

• The promoter’s contribution for public issues made at 20% irrespective of

the issue size.

46
• Written consent from share holders in regard to lock-in made compulsory

for securities to be offered for promoter’s contribution.

• Appointment of registrar to an issue for rights issues made mandatory.

• A provision made regarding disclosure of the share holding of the

promoters whose names figure in the paragraph on “promoters and their

background” in the offer document.

• The SEBI (Registrars to an Issue and share Transfer Agents ) Rules and

Regulations 1993 have been amended to provide for an arm’s length

relationship between the issuer and the registrars to the issue. It has now

been stipulated that no Registrar to an Issue can act as such for any issue of

securities made by any body corporate, if the Registrar to the issue and the

Issuer Company are associates.

• With a view to facilitating rising of funds by infrastructure projects, SEBI

has allowed debt instruments ot be listed on the Stock Exchanges without

prior listing of equity. Corporate with infrastructure projects and Municipal

Corporations to be exempted from the requirements of Rule 19(2b) of

securities (contract) Regulation rules to facilitate public offer and listing of

its pure debt instruments as well as debt instruments fully or partly

convertible in to equity without the requirement of prior listing of equity but

subject to conditions like investments grade ratings.

• Only body corporate to be allowed to function as Merchant Bankers

47
• Multiple categories of merchant bankers to abolished and there shall be only

one entity viz., merchant banker, presentl, the Merchant Banker allowed to

perform underwriting activity but required to seek separate registration to

function as a portfolio manager under SEBI (portfolio manager ) Rules and

Regulations, 1993.

Chapter 2
Research methodology

48
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

There is much hype of IPOs nowadays. And while considering the

previous years, the number of companies which going for IPO is increased

during 2010. There are common phenomenons among the investors today

that the return on investing in IPO is not much. Event though investor has

the storm back the IPO and yearly there are huge application received from

the investor to invest in IPO. And we also heared about that the “coal India”

IPO, etc. so now the trend is changing.

Concider following graph:

49
 One IPO that are listed in the last year have been trading at a higher

price when compare to the issue price call it a fundamentals playing out of

after the initial euphoria if you may. But, out 73 IPOs some of them are not

listed, they were withdrawn their IPO. The interesting news, was that, some

of the issues were oversubscribed, and some of the Issues got gain in their

issue price. In short, out of 73 IPOs, 16 offers listed at higher price compare

to the issue price. The re-rating of stocks by the investors reported after the

initial hype of the public offer warns out.

Somehow, the IPO 2010 is better than previous year, and some of the

IPOs are doing well in the market even after the global crisis. There are

some IPOs whose trade price and the issue price differs significantly. Some

investors are getting more money and some are loosing. The most of IPOs

issued during the year 2010 are traded at the lower prices than their issue

price. So there is a need to know the performance of the IPO. This is the

study to know the performance of the IPO that are issued during the year

2010. The problem here is to know which IPO is doing well and which are

not.

However this study has taken up for the purpose to know:-

• The IPO issued during the year 2010

• The performance of the IPO during the year.
• The investor’s information of the IPO during the year 2010
• The economical impact on IPO due to the Market condition.

50
 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY:-

The study highlights the performance of the IPO dusing the year

2010. It also deals the future prospects of IPO. It also reviews the

performance of different sector.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The objectives of the study is to know that

• Study of the IPO issued during the year 2010

• Study the overall performance of the IPO during the year 2010
• Comparison of the issue price and the trade price in particular day.
• The future prospect of IPO
Types of research

the research includes different options. They are,

1. Explorative Observational research

Fresh data can be gathered by observing the relevant actors and

settings. Under theis method the information is sought by way of

investigatos’s own direst observation withour asking from the respondents,

51
 instead of asking for the brand of wrist watch used by the respondent, may

himself look at the watch the main advantage of this method is subjective

bias is eliminated, if the observation is done accurately. Secondly

information obtained under this method related to what is currently

happening. It is not complicated either by past behaviours or future

intentions or attitudes. Thirdly, this mwthod is independent of reposdent’s

willingness to respond and as such is relatively less demanding of active

cooperation on the part of respondents. This method is particularly suitable

in studies which particularly deal with subjects who are not capble of giving

verbal reports of their feelings for one reason or the other.

2. Focus group research.

A focus group is a gathering of six to ten people who are invited to

spend a few hours with a skilled moderator to discuss a product, service,

organization, or other marketing entity. The moderator needs to be

objective, knowledgible on the issue and skilled in group dynamics.

Participants are normally paid a small sum for attending. The meeting is

typically held in pleasant surroundings and refreshments are served.

3. Survey research.

Surveys are best suited for descriptive research. Companies undertake

surveys to learn about people’s knowledge, beliefs, preferances, and

satisfaction, and to measure these magnitudes in the general population. A

company such as Mainstay might prepare its own survey instrument to

52
gather information it needs, or it might add questions to an omnibus survey

that carries the questions of several companies at much lower cost.

4. Experimental research.

The most scientifically valid research is experimental research. The

pupose of experimental research is to capture cause and effect relationships

by eliminating competing explanations of the observes findings to the

extent that the design and execution of the experiment eliminate alternative

hypothesis that might explain the results, research and HR managers can

have confidence in the conclusions. It calls for selecting matched groups of

subjects, subjecting them to different treatments, controlling extraneous

variable, and checking whether observed response differences are

satisfically significan. To ehte extent that extraneous factors are eliminated

of controlled, the observed effects can be related to variation in the

treatments.

Adopted Research Design:-

The research design that is adopted is both explanatory and

experimental research design.

The advantage behind adopting the explorative method is that is helps

on identifying the problems and is finding out the alternative solution to the

problem as herein referred to the effectiveness of the recruitment

campaign.

53
 The reason being it is also an experimental study is that is is the

testing of the attitude towards the hypothesis proposed and it is variable as

well as a study of the existing system.

Collection of Data:-

The data required for the study were obtained from,

1. Primary data
2. Secondary data.
The primary data are those data which are collected for the first time.

The primary data was collected through discussions and interviewing wit

some financial experts and bank officers. It includes the eminent

personalities dealing with IPO and some bank expert.

The secondary data and other related information published reports of

corporations like…

• Websites

• RBI Guidelines

• SEBI Guidelines

• Newspapers : Economic times, Business lines, Business standards

• Text books

• Business journals: Dalal street, capital market, ICFAI journals, etc.

54
Tools of Analysis:-

The tools which are used for this study are:

• The interviews and discussions has been done with some

financia experts, and share brokers to know the performance of the IPO

during the year 2010.

• This research study has been conducted by collecting the

secondary data from various sources like RBI bulletin, Websites, Business

journals, etc. about the FDIand interpreting the same with reference to the

year 2010.

Sampling Plan :-

Sampling may be defined as the selection of some part of an

aggregate or totality on basis of which judgement or inference about the

aggregate or totality is made. A sample design is a definite plan for

obtaining a sample from a given population. It refers to a technique or the

procedure the researcher would adopt in selecting the items for the sample.

Since it is a research kind of study about performance of the ipo

issued during the year, 2010, I have taken the sample as the total of

population. I have taken all the 73 IPOs that are issued during the year

2010.

ANALYSIS OF DATA

55
 Analysis of data has been done,

• By taking all the IPO that are issued during the year 2010.
• By taking the issue price of the data that are issued during the year 2010.
• By taking the trade price pertaining to a particular day.
• By comparing the gain or loss during the year 2010.
• By relating the data to know which sectors IPO are doing well and how the
trade price are changing significantly from the issue price.

Limitation of the study

• For this study collecting of primary data with regards to the IPOs is very
difficult. Getting the full fledged data on this topic is quite impossible.
• The study contains most of the secondary data and analysis of the same.
• The study has been taken to the performance of the IPO during the year
2010
• It only judge the performance of the IPO based on the issue price and trade
price. But there are so many reasons for the success of IPO.
• It has not dealt with the cause behind on company is getting the huge
success whether other suffers.
• It does not deal with the speculation in the capital market.

56
Chapter 3

COMPANY PROFILE

KARVY Stock Broking Limited, one of the cornerstones of the

KARVY edifice, flows freely towards attaining diverse goals of the

57
customer through varied services. It creates a plethora of opportunities for

the customer by opening up investment vistas backed by research-based

advisory services. Here, growth knows no limits and success recognizes no

boundaries. Helping the customer create waves in his portfolio and

empowering the investor completely is the ultimate goal. KARVY Stock

Broking Limited is a member of: 1) National Stock Exchange (NSE) , 2)

Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).

Member-National Stock Exchange and The Bombay Stock

Exchange .

Karvy Stock Broking Limited, one of the cornerstones of the Karvy

edifice, flows freely towards attaining diverse goals of the customer through

varied services. Creating a plethora of opportunities for the customer by

opening up investment vistas backed by research-based advisory services.

Here, growth knows no limits and success recognizes no boundaries.

Helping the customer create waves in his portfolio and empowering the

investor completely is the ultimate goal.

Stock Broking Services

They offer services that are beyond just a medium for buying and selling stocks

and shares. Instead we provide services which are multi dimensional and multi-focused

58
in their scope. There are several advantages in utilizing our Stock Broking services,

which are the reasons why it is one of the best in the country.

They offer trading on a vast platform ; National Stock Exchange and Bombay

Stock Exchange. More importantly, they make trading safe to the maximum possible

extent, by accounting for several risk factors and planning accordingly. They are

assisted in this task by our in-depth research, constant feedback and sound advisory

facilities. Their highly skilled research team, comprising of technical analysts as well as

fundamental specialists, secure result-oriented information on market trends, market

analysis and market predictions. This crucial information is given as a constant feedback

to our customers, through daily reports delivered thrice daily ; The Pre-session Report,

where market scenario for the day is predicted, The Mid-session Report, timed to arrive

during lunch break , where the market forecast for the rest of the day is given and The

Post-session Report, the final report for the day, where the market and the report itself is

reviewed. To add to this repository of information, we publish a monthly magazine

“Karvy ; The Finapolis”, which analyzes the latest stock market trends

and takes a close look at the various investment options, and products available in the

market, while a weekly report, called “ Karvy Bazaar Baatein”, keeps you

more informed on the immediate trends in the stock market. In addition, our specific

industry reports give comprehensive information on various industries. Besides this, we

also offer special portfolio analysis packages that provide daily technical advice on

scrips for successful portfolio management and provide customized advisory services to

help you make the right financial moves that are specifically suited to your portfolio.

In the future, our focus will be on the emerging businesses and to meet this objective, we

have enhanced our manpower and revitalized our knowledge base with enhances focus

on Futures and Options as well as the commodities business.

59
 depository services
The onset of the technology revolution in financial services Industry saw the

emergence of Karvy as an electronic custodian registered with National Securities

Depository Ltd (NSDL) and Central Securities Depository Ltd (CSDL) in 1998.

Karvy set standards enabling further comfort to the investor by promoting paperless

trading across the country and emerged as the top 3 Depository Participants in the

country in terms of customer serviced.

Offering a wide trading platform with a dual membership at both NSDL and

CDSL, we are a powerful medium for trading and settlement of dematerialized shares.

We have established live DPMs, Internet access to accounts and an easier transaction

process in order to offer more convenience to individual and corporate investors. A team

of professional and the latest technological expertise allocated exclusively to our demat

division including technological enhancements like SPEED-e, make our response time

quick and our delivery impeccable. A wide national network makes our efficiencies

accessible to all.

Distribution of Financial Products

The paradigm shift from pure selling to knowledge based selling drives the

business today. With our wide portfolio offerings, we occupy all segments in the retail

financial services industry.

A 1600 team of highly qualified and dedicated professionals drawn from the best

of academic and professional backgrounds are committed to maintaining high levels of

client service delivery. This has propelled us to a position among the top distributors for

60
equity and debt issues with an estimated market share of 15% in terms of applications

mobilized, besides being established as the leading procurer in all public issues.

To further tap the immense growth potential in the capital markets we enhanced

the scope of our retail brand, Karvy – the Finapolis , thereby providing planning and

advisory services to the mass affluent. Here we understand the customer needs and

lifestyle in the context of present earnings and provide adequate advisory services that

will necessarily help in creating wealth. Judicious planning that is customized to meet

the future needs of the customer deliver a service that is exemplary. The market-savvy

and the ignorant investors, both find this service very satisfactory. The edge that we have

over competition is our portfolio of offerings and our professional expertise. The

investment planning for each customer is done with an unbiased attitude so that the

service is truly customized.

Our monthly magazine, Fin polis, provides up-dated market information on

market trends, investment options, opinions etc. Thus empowering the investor to base

every financial move on rational thought and prudent analysis and embark on the path to

wealth creation.

Advisory service

Under our retail brand ‘Karvy – the Finapolis', we deliver advisory services to a

cross-section of customers. The service is backed by a team of dedicated and expert

professionals with varied experience and background in handling investment portfolios.

They are continually engaged in designing the right investment portfolio for each

customer according to individual needs and budget considerations with a comprehensive

support system that focuses on trading customers' portfolios and providing valuable

inputs, monitoring and managing the portfolio through varied technological initiatives.

This is made possible by the expertise we have gained in the business over the years.

Another venture towards being investor-friendly is the circulation of a monthly

61
magazine called ‘Karvy - the Finapolis'. Covering the latest of market news, trends,

investment schemes and research-based opinions from experts in various financial

fields .

Private client group

This specialized division was set up to cater to the high net worth individuals and

institutional clients keeping in mind that they require a different kind of financial

planning and management that will augment not just existing finances but their life-style

as well. Here we follow a hard-nosed business approach with the soft touch of dedicated

customer care and personalized attention.

For this purpose we offer a comprehensive and personalized service that

encompasses planning and protection of finances, planning of business needs and

retirement needs and a host of other services, all provided on a one-to-one basis.

Our research reports have been widely appreciated by this segment. The

delivery and support modules have been fine tuned by giving our clients

access to online portfolio information, constant updates on their portfolios as

well as value-added advise on portfolio churning, sector switches etc. The

investment recommendations given by our research team in the cash market

has enjoyed a high success rate .

KARVY CONSULTANT LTD.

As the flagship company of the Karvy Group, Karvy Consultants

Limited has always remained at the helm of organizational affairs,

pioneering business policies, work ethic and channels of progress. Having

emerged as a leader in the registry business, the first of the businesses that

62
we ventured into, we have now transferred this business into a joint venture

with Computershare Limited of Australia, the world’s largest registrar. With

the advent of depositories in the Indian capital market and the relationships

that we have created in the registry business, we believe that we were best

positioned to venture into this activity as a Depository Participant. We were

one of the early entrants registered as Depository Participant with NSDL

(National Securities Depository Limited), the first Depository in the country

and then with CDSL (Central Depository Services Limited). Today, we

service over 6 lakhs customer accounts in this business spread across over

250 cities/towns in India and are ranked amongst the largest Depository

Participants in the country. With a growing secondary market presence, we

have transferred this business to Karvy Stock Broking Limited (KSBL), our

associate and a member of

BSE NSE and HSE.

63
 Chapter 4

LIST OF IPO ISSUED DURING THE YEAR

2010

64
List of IPOs issued during the year 2010

No IPOs name Total issue

quantity price

1 Infinite computer solution 189.8 165

ltd
2 Birla shloka edutech ltd. 24.78 50
3 jubilant food works ltd 328.72 145
4 Vascon engineering ltd 199.8 165
5 Syncom health works ltd 56.25 75
6 aqua logistics 150 220
7 DB Reality ltd 1500 468
8 EMMBI polyarns ltd 38.96 40
9 NTPC Ltd 8480.1 201
10 ARSS infrastructure 103 450

projects ltd
11 Hathway cables and 666 240

datacom ltd
12 Texmo pipes and pdts ltd 45 90
13 Man infra construction 141.75 252
14 Rural electrification corp. xxxxx Xxxxx

ltd
15 United banak of india 324.98 66
16 DQ entertainment 128.16 80

(international) ltd
17 NMDC ltd 9930.45 375
18 Pradip overseas ltd 116.6 110

65
19 IL and FS transportation 700 258

network ltd
20 Persistent systems 168.01 310
21 Thamngamayil jewelry 28.79 75
22 Shree ganesh jewellary 371.02 260

house
23 Infrasoft technologies ltd 53.65 145
24 Goenka diamond and 126.51 135

jewels
25 Talwalkers better value 77.44 128

fitness ltd
25 Nitesh estates ltd 450 54
26 Tarapur transformers ltd 63.75 75
27 Mandhana industries ltd 107.9 130
28 SJVN ltd 1064.74 26
29 Jaypee infratech ltd 1650 102
30 Tara health food ltd xxxxx Xxxxxx
32 Standard chartered plc 2486.35 104
33 Fatpipe network india ltd xxxxx Xxxxx
34 Parabolic drugs ltd 200 118
35 Aster silicates ltd 53.10 118
36 Technofab engineers ltd 71.66 240
37 Hindustan media venture 270 166

ltd
38 Midfield industries ltd 59.85 133

66
39 Engineers india ltd 959.65 290
40 SKS micro fin ltd 1628.78 985
41 Bajaj corp. ltd 297 660
42 Prakash steelage ltd 68.75 110
43 Gujarath pipavat ltd 500 46
44 Indosolar ltd 357 29
45 Tirupati ink ltd 51.5 43
46 Eros international ltd 350 175
47 Career point infosystem 115 310
48 Microsec financial 1628.78 985

services ltd
49 Ramky infrastructure ltd 530 450
50 Orient green power co. ltd 900 47
51 Electrosteels ltd 248.07 11
52 Cantabile retail 105 135
53 VA TECH WABHAG ltd 125 1310
54 Tecprosystem ltd 267.91 355
55 Ashoka build con. Ltd 225 324
56 Sea TV networks ltd 50.20 100
57 Bedmutha industries ltd 91.8 102
58 Commercial engineers and 153 127

bodybuilders
59 Obroi reality ltd 1028.61 260
60 BS Transcom ltd 190.45 248
61 Prestige estate project ltd 1200 183
62 Gyscoal alloys ltd 54.67 71
63 Coal india ltd 15199.44 245

67
 64 Gravita India ltd 45 125
65 Powergrid corp. of India 2984.45 90
66 RPP infra 48.75 75
67 Moil ltd 1237.51 375
68 Claris life sciences 300 228
69 The shipping corp. of india 1164.73 140

ltd
70 A2Z maintenance 675 400
71 Ravikumar distilleries 73.6 64
72 Punchab and sind bank 470.82 120
73 C mahendra export ltd 165 110

IPOs 2010, sector wise classification ( number of IPOs 2010)

Conclusion :

Apart from previous years, Indian IPO market had a good energy, and that

showed us the result of increase in number of IPO issue, ie (in previous year

the number of IPO was 21.). The major part of IPOs were issued on

construction and engineering sector. But while taking the fund as yard stick,

mining and minerals was the most interested area.

68
Table 4.1

5.1.1 construction and engineering sector

Name of the issue Issue open closes Offer

size offer

price
(RS.Cr)
Vascon engineering ltd 199.8 27- 29- 165

jan- jan-

2010 2010
DB reality 1500 29- 3-feb- 468

jan- 2010

2010
ARSS Infrastructure 103 8- 11- 450

project ltd feb- feb-

2010 2010
Man infra construction 141.75 18- 22- 252

ltd feb- feb-

2010 2010
IL & FS transportation 700 11- 15- 258

networks mar- mar-

69
 2010 2010
Nitesh estates ltd 450 23- 27- 54

apr- apr-

2010 2010
Jaypee infra tech 1650 29- 4- 102

apr- may-

2010 2010
Technofab engineers ltd 71.66 29- 7- 240

june- july-

2010 2010
Engineers India ltd 956.65 27- 30- 290

july- july-

2010 2010
Gujarath pipav port 500 23- 26- 46

aug- aug-

2010 2010
Ramky infrastructure 530 22- 27- 450

sep- sep-

2010 2010
VA tech wabag ltd 125 22- 27- 1310

sep- sep-

2010 2010
Techpro systems 267.91 23- 28- 355

sep- sep-

70
 2010 2010
Asoka buildcon ltd 225. 24- 28- 324

sep- sep-

2010 2010
Commercial engineers 153 30- 5-oct- 127

and bodybuilders co ltd sep- 2010

2010
Oberoi reality ltd 1028.61 6- 8-oct- 260

oct- 2010

2010
Prestige estates project 1200 12- 14- 183

ltd oct- 10-

2010 2010
RPP infra projects 48.75 18- 22- 75

nov- nov-

2010 2010

Interpretation:

There are 18 companies who have come out for IPOs issues in this

industry sector. Jay pee infra had come up with highest offer. And

comparing other sectors, here is the place more IPOs issues are made during

the year 2010.

71
And some of industrial giants like prestige groups, DB reality, etc. are also

came to make their issues over here.

4.2 Banking and Finance sector

Name of issue Issue opens close Offer

size(RS.Cr) price
United bank of 324.98 23- 25- 66

India feb- feb-

2010 2010
Standard chartered 2486.35 25- 28- 104

PLC may- may-

2010 2010
SKS Micro 1628 28- 2- 985

financial services july- aug-

2010 2010
Microsec fin. 147 17- 21- 118

sep- sep-

2010 2010
Punjab and sind 470.82 13- 16- 120

bank dec- dec-

2010 2010

72
 Interpretation

In this sectors, the number of companies are which are came for IPO

is comparatively lesser than that previous sector. But the issue size were

little huge. Standard chartered PLC had come up with huge offer.

4.3 Power sectors

company Issue opens close Offer

size(RS.cr) price
NTPC Ltd 8480.1 3-feb- 5- 201

2010 feb-

2010
Tarapur transformers 63.75 26- 28- 75

apr- 4-

2010 2010
SJVN ltd 1062.74 24- 3- 26

apr- may-

2010 2010
Orient green power 900 21- 24- 47

sep- sep-

73
 2010 2010
BS transcom 190.45 6-oct- 13- 248

2010 oct-

2010
Power grid 2984.45 9- 12- 90

nov- nov-

2010 2010
A2Z maintenance 675 8- 10- 400

dec- dec-

2010 2010

Interpretation

This is another place where huge issues were happened. NTPC,

Power grid corporation, SJVN ltd were come up with huge IPO issues. And

here, the 7 companies were issued for absorbing contributing 14356 crore

rupees.

4.4 Pharmaceuticals sector and life care

company Issue opens closes Offer

size(Rs.cr) price

74
 Bajaj corp 297 2- 5- 660

aug- sep-

2010 2010
Syncom health 56.25 27- 29- 75

care jan- jan-

2010 2010
Parabolic drugs 200 14- 14- 118

june- june-

2010 2010
Claris life 300 24- 24- 228

sciences nov- nov-

2010 2010

Interpretation:

Pharmaceuticals and life care sector is an another sector where more

fund essential. During 2010 around 4 companies were issued their IPOs in

this sector. Bajaj corp. Claris life sciences are the companies who made

comparatively huge issues.

75
1.5 Steel industry
company Issue open close Offer
size(Rs.cr) price
Prakash 68.75 5-aug- 10- 110
steelage 2010 aug-
2010
Electrosteels 248.07 21-sep- 24- 11
2010 sep-
2010
Bedmutha 91.8 28-sep- 1-oct- 102
industries 2010 2010
Gyscoal alloys 54.67 13-oct- 15-oct- 71
2010 2010

Interpretation:

Steel industry is an another industry where huge investment is

needed. The interesting fact here is, all steel sector companies were waiting

till the end of first half of the year. Electro steels and gyscoal alloys are the

companies which came up with comparatively huge IPOs from this sector.

76
4.6 Computer Hardware and Software sector

Company Issue open close Offer

size(Rs.cr) price
Infinite 189.8 11-jan- 13- 165
computer 2010 jan-
solutions 2010
Birla shloka 24.78 11-jan- 13- 50
edutech 2010 jan-
2010
Persistent 168.01 17-mar- 19- 310
systems 2010 mar-
2010
Intrasoft tech. 53.65 23-mar- 26- 145
2010 mar-
2010
Careerpoint 115 16-sep- 21- 321.4
2010 mar- 5
2010

Interpretation:

Now the IT sector has been recovering from the effect of financial

crisis. Around 6 companies were initially offered, but from this Fatpipe

77
 networks India withdrew their offer. Infinite computer solutions and

persistent systems were the companies who came up with

comparatively big offer from this sector.

\4.7 Mining and minerals

company Issue open close Offer

size(Rs.cr) price
NMDC ltd 9930.45 10-mar- 12-mar- 375
2010 2010
Coal India ltd 15199.44 18-oct- 21-oct- 245
2010 2010
Moil ltd 1237.51 26-nov- 1-dec- 375
2010 2010

Interpretation :

While taking the whole IPOs, this is the section where the huge issues

where made. Around 26366.89 crore Rupees was the total size of IPOs

which made in this particular sector. And coal India ltd issues were

oversubscribed.

78
4.8 Shipping and Transport corporation

company Issue open close Offer

size(Rs.cr) price
Aqua logistics 150 25-jan- 2-feb- 220
2010 2010
The shipping 1164 30-nov- 3-dec- 140
corp. of India 2010 2010

Interpretation:

During 2010, only 2 companies were involved in this sector. Aqua

logistics and, The Shipping Corp. Of India were the companies which made

the IPOs. The Shipping Corp. of India was the company who made large

issue on this particular sector.

79
4.9 Media and entertainment sector

company Issue open close Offer

size(Rs.cr) price
Hathway cables 666 9-feb- 11- 240
and data com 2010 feb-
ltd 2010
DQ 128.16 8-mar- 10- 80
entertainment 2010 mar-
2010
Hindustan 270 5-june- 7-june- 166
media venture 2010 2010
Eros 350 19-sep- 21- 175
international 2010 sep-
media 2010
Sea TV 50.20 27-sep- 29- 100
networks ltd 2010 sep-
2010

Interpretation:

Media sector has a good role in development of a nation. During

the year 2010, around 5 companies were come up with new issues.

80
Hatchway cables and data com ltd, Eros international are companies

which are made comparatively huge issues.

4.10 Jewelry sector

Company Issue open close Off

size(Rs er
.cr) pric
e
Thangamayil 28.76 18-jan- 20-1- 75
jewelry 2010 2010
Shree ganesh 371.02 19-mar- 23-mar- 260
jewelry house 2010 2010
Goenka 126.51 23-mar- 28-mar- 135
diamond 2010 2010
C Mahendra 165 31-dec- 6-jan- 110
exports 2010 2011

Interpretation:

81
 This is an another major area of ivestment. Around 4 companies

were come up with their new issues during 2010. Shree Ganesh jewelry

was the company which made comparatively huge issues.

4.11 Retail and packing industry

Company Issue open close Off

size(Rs er
.cr) pric
e
EMMBI 38.96 1-feb- 3-feb- 40
polyarns 2010 2010
Midfield 59.85 19-jule- 21-july- 133
industries 2010 2010
Cantabile retails 105.00 22-sep- 27-sep- 135
2010 2010

Interpretation:

Retail industries are the one of the growing sector in India. During

2010 around 3 companies were come up with IPO offer, among this

cantabile retails had offered 105.00 crore through IPO.

82
4.12 Textiles sector

Company Issue open close Off

size(Rs er
.cr) pric
e
Pradip overseas 116 11-mar- 15-mar- 110
ltd 2010 2010
Mandhana 107.9 24-apr- 29-apr- 130
industries 2010 2010

Interpretation:

This is an another sector where the few IPOs issues were made. Only

two companies were made their IPOs over here. Among this mandhana

Industries has made an IPO of 116.6 crore.

4.13 miscellaneous

Company Issue Open close Off

size(Rs er
.cr) pric
e
Jubilant food 328.72 18-jan- 20-jan- 145
2010 2010
works

83
 Texmo pipes 45 16-feb- 19-feb- 90
2010 2010
and products
Talwalkers 77.44 21-apr- 23-apr- 128
2010 2010
better value

fitness ltd
Aster silicates 53.1 24-june- 28-june- 118
2010 2010
Indo solar ltd 357 13-sep- 15-sep- 29
2010 2010
Tirupati inks 51.50 16-sep- 19-sep- 43
2010 2010
Gravita india 45 1-nov- 3-nov- 125
2010 2010
Ravikumar 73.60 8-dec- 10-dec- 28.9
2010 2010 5
distilleries

Interpretation:

The companies which are not involved in other sectors are grouped

as miscellaneous sectors. In this Around 9 companies were made IPOs,

tara health food were withdrawn their issue.

84
CHAPTER 5

ANALYSIS AND INTREPRETATION

85
Total list of IPOs and fund issued

86
n IPOs name Total fund

o issued

1 Infinite computer solution 155.165

ltd

2 Birla shloka edutech ltd. 45.50

3 jubilant food works ltd 328.72

4 Vascon engineering ltd 199.8

5 Syncom food works ltd 56.28

6 aqua logistics 150

7 DB Reality ltd 1500

8 EMMBI polyarns ltd 38.96

9 NTPC Ltd 8480.10

1 ARSS infrastructure 103

0 projects ltd

1 Hathway cables and 666

1 datacom ltd

1 Texmo pipes and pdts ltd 45

1 Man infra construction 141.75

1 Rural electrification corp. XXX

4 ltd

1 United banak of india 324.98

1 DQ entertainment 128.16

6 (international) ltd

1 NMDC ltd 9930.45

1 Pradip overseas ltd 116.6

8
87
88
 sector Fund issued
Construction and engineering 9854.13
Banking and finance sector 5058.43
Power sector 14356.59
Pharmaceuticals and life care 853.25
Steel industry 463.29
Computer sector 600.24
Mining and minerals 26366.89
Shipping and transport 1314.73
Media and entertainment 1464.36
Jewelry sector 662.53
Retail and packing sector 203.81
Textiles sector 224.5
miscellaneous 1216.36

Analysis and Interpretation

While comparing previous years, 2010 was the one which never

forgettable, around 74 companies were came for IPO, and some of them

were withdrew their issue, finaly around 70 companies made their issues.

Out of 70 around 18 companies were made their issues on engineering and

construction sector. While we taking the fund issued, mining and minerals

where the sector were more funds issued. Around 26366.89 crore were

issued on that particular sector.

89
 Following table has shows clearly that, how much funds were

involved on various sector.

Analysis and Interpretation:

the issue size refers to the company has issued that much share to the

company. The above histogram shows the comparison of issue size for

sector to sector. The issue size is the indicator how the companies has get

the fund from the public. From the historical data we can get that the issue

size is concentrated on some sectors like mining and minerals ,

construction, power ,etc. while taking other sectors, these areas has good

investement scope.

% of Gain or Loss =current price-issue price x 100

Issue price
Sector wise analysis

5.1 Comparison of issue price and current price.

5.1.1 construction and engineering sector

90
 Name of the issue Issue Current %of

gain or
price price
loss

Vascon engineering ltd 165 97.88 -68.5

DB reality 468 126.9 -268.7
ARSS Infrastructure project ltd 450 519.65 +13.4
Man infra construction ltd 252 132.40 -90.3
IL & FS transportation networks 258 205.95 -25.27
Nitesh estates ltd 54 20.05 -87.3
Jaypee infra tech 102 54.45 -87.3
Technofab engineers ltd 240 117.60 -104.0
Engineers India ltd 290 279.7 -3.68
Gujarath pipav port 46 51.75 +11.11
Ramky infrastructure 450 256.15 -75.6
VA tech wabag ltd 1310 1333.35 +1.75
Techpro systems 355 299.3 -18.6
Asoka buildcon ltd 324 255.4 -26.8
Commercial engineers and 127 28.8 -340.9

bodybuilders co ltd
Oberoi reality ltd 260 227.6 -14.2
Prestige estates project ltd 183 125.5 -45.8
RPP infra projects 75 53.9 -39.14

91
 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETAION:

During 2010, construction sector was the place where the most number of

IPOs made. Around 18 companies were came with new issue. From that,

only 3 companies got gain in their issue. Rest of that all are went to below

expectation. In short , that was really a huge loss. The gainers are pointed

below:

• ARSS infra projects – 13 .4%

• Gujarat pipav – 11.11%
• VA tech – 1.75 %

5.1. 2 Banking and Finance sector

Name of issue Issue Current %of

price price gain

or
92
 loss
United bank of India 66 93.5 41.6

7
Standard chartered PLC 104 112.55 8.22
SKS Micro financial services 985 638.4 -

35.5

8
Microsec fin. 118 40.1 -33
Punjab and sind bank 120 99.75 -17.2

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION :

In this sector, around 6 companies were came up with IPO, in that

only two were went to above expectation. All others are traded lower than

their issue price. UBI has achieved 41.64% of gain in their issue price, and

standard chartered PLC made 8.22% gain in their value. In short , this

sectors has achieved little better than construction sector.

5.1.3 Power sectors

Name of issue Issue Current %of gain

price price or loss

NTPC Ltd 201 176.85 -12
Tarapur transformers 75 22.45 -70.06

93
 SJVN ltd 26 21 -19.2
Orient green power 47 24.25 -48.4
BS transcom 248 87.8 -64.59
Power grid 90 96.4 7.1
A2Z maintenance 400 234.7 -41.475

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

This was also an tragedy, during 2010, around 7 companies were come up

with new issues, among that only one get gain in their value. Powergrid

corporation was the company which made gain in their price. All others are

gone in to underpriced.

5.1.4 Pharmaceuticals sector and life care

Name of the issue Issue Current % of

price price gain or

loss
Bajaj corp 660 407.05 -38.32
Syncom health care 75 31.1 -58.53
Parabolic drugs 118 43.15 -63.45
Claris life sciences 228 169.95 -25.46

94
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

Unlike other sector, here all issues were traded lower prices than their issue

price. Around 4 companies were come up with new issues. None of them

could trade their share on a higher price than their issue price.\

5.1.5 steel industry

Name of issue Issue Current % gain or

price price loss

Prakash steelage 110 125.2 -13.8
Electrosteels ltd 11 8.95 -18.6
Bedmutha industries 102 90.75 -11
Gyscoal alloys 71 15.95 -77.5

95
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

Steel industry is the place where we need more initial fund. And its

also an very profitable business too. Even here also only one company

could achieved the gain in their value.

5.1.6 Computer Hardware and software sector

Name of issue Issue Current % of

price price gain or

loss
Infinite computer 165 154.4 -6.42

solution
Birla shloka edutech 50 16.1 -67.8

ltd
Persistent systems 310 386.95 27.8
Intrasoft technologies 145 65.1 -55.1

96
 Careerpoint 310 321.45 3.69

infosystems

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

While taking this sector, two companies were got higher price

that their issue price. Others may be the result of Great financial crisis.

5.1.7 mining and minerals

Name of issue Issue Current % of

price price gain or

loss
NMDC 375 260.6 -30.5

97
 Coal India Ltd 245 304.6 24.3
Moil ltd 375 405 8.01

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

Here out of 3 two were traded at higher price. And some of the

IPOs were oversubscribed. Unlike other sectors, the IPOs made over

this sector performed well.

8 Shipping and Transport

Name of issue Issue Current % of

price price gain or

loss
Aqua logistics 220 19.9 -90.95
The shipping corp. of 140 109 -22.142

India

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

98
 This was the place where all IPOs were traded lower than their

issue price. In short, the performance of these share was totally so poor.

9 Media and Entertainment

Name of issue Issue Current % of

price price gain or

loss
Hatchway cables and 240 120.8 -49.6

data com ltd

DQ entertainment 80 70.2 -12.25

(international) ltd
Hindustan media 166 154.95 -6.65

ventures
Eros international 175 154.9 -11.45

media
Sea TV networks 100 23.25 -76.75

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

The IPOs which made over this sector also under performed.

None of them were traded more than their face value.

99
 10 jewelers and diamond

Name of issue Issue Current % of

price price gain or

loss
Thangamayill jewelry 75 150.95 101.26
Shree ganesh jwelry 260 162.3 -37.57

house ltd
Goenka diamond and 135 59.85 -55.67

jewelry
C Mahendra exports 110 178.45 62.22

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

While taking this sectors, the performance of IPOs in this sector was

no so poor, out of 4 around two ipos were traded above than their issue

price. Among this, thangamayil jewelers got 101.26% gain, and C

Mahendra got 62.22% gain.

100
 11 Retail and packing

Name of issue Issue Current % of

price price gain or

loss
EMMBI polyarns 40 13.75 -65.6
Midfield industries 133 46.4 -65.1
Cantabil retails 135 37 -72.59

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

This was another poorest performance, out of 3, none of them got

good value. All were traded below the issue price.

13 textiles

Name of the issue Issue Current % of

price price gain

or loss

101
 Pradip overseas 110 75.6 -31.27
Mandhana industries 130 259 99.80

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

Here we could see, only two issues made, out of them one goe

excellent gain in their value, one was totally worst in result.

12 Others

Name of issue Issue Current %

price price gain

or loss
Jubilant food works 145 490.4 238.2
Texmo pipes and products 90 34.25 -61.9
Talwalkers better value 128 175.15 36.8

fitness ltd
Aster silicates 118 25.7 -78.2
Indo solar ltd 29 17.25 -40.8
Tirupati inks 43 10.13 -76
Gravita india 125 209.1 67.20
Ravikumar distilleries 64 28.95 54.7

102
 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

The companies which are not included none of previous sectors are

added with miscellaneous sector. Under this category around 8 issues are

made. And one Issues was withdrew by the company. Here some are got

good gain, some are totally failed. Jubilant food works was one company,

that traded with high gain.

5.2Top five gainers

Name of the position % of gain

issue
Jubilant food 1 238.2

works
Thangamayil 2 101.26

103
 jewlers
Mandhana 3 99.80

industries
Gravita India 4 67.20
C Mahendra 5 62.32

expots

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

The histogram shows the percentage of the gain by comparison of

issue price and the current price. Here from above chart Jubilant food works

top the list with 238.2% gain followed by Thangamayyil Jewelers with

101.26 %, followed by Mandhana Industries with the gain of 99.8%,

followed by Gravit India and C Mahendra exports gain of 67.2% and

62.32% respectively. Here from the following data we can observe that

Jubilant foodworks has traded with gain of 238.2%.

Top losers

Name of the Position % of loss

issue
Commercial 70th -340.9

104
 engineers and body

builders ltd
Nitesh estates 69th -169.3
DB reality 68th -126.9
technofab 67th 104
Aqua logistics 66th 90.95

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION:

These are the list of the company which underperforms in the market.

The bottom most company is commercial engineers and bodybuilders ltd

with decline of 340.9%, followed by Nitesh estates with 169.3% was

followed by DB reality with the decline of 126.9%. carried on by

Technofab and Aqua logistics with 104% and 90.95% respectively. So from

the following data the companies which are under performed have suffered

huge loss of around 80-340%.

OVERALL PERFORMANCE OF IPO ISSUED IN THE YEAR

2010

According to this sector wise analysis made during the year, the

performance of the IPOs was not so bad. The some of the retail

105
investors invested in the primary market during the year have lost

money as most of IPOs are quoting below their issue price. Among 70

IPOs 13 of them able to gain and rest of 57 are trading at a loss. Again

when we compare the number of IPOs issued in the year, in

construction sector out of 18 only three were got gain in their value, in

shipping and transport, retail sector, packing sector, media and

entertainment sector all IPOs were under performed. Some trent was,

the demand for Coal India, Jubilant food works are excellent, still these

shares have very good demand in the market.

So overall we can see that companies going for IPO issues are

improved while comparing previous sectors, and almost all IPOs are

underperformed due to the bad condition in the market.

106
CHAPTER 6

OBSERVATIONS & FINDINGS

107
 OBSERVATIONS AND FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

DURING THE STUDY THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS WERE

CLEARELY OBSERVED:

➢ There are increase in the number of companies going out for the public. By
comparing different years, the year 2010 shows an increasing trend in going
for public.
➢ 2010 shows that highest number of companies going for IPO.
➢ Some of the IPOs are over subscribed.
➢ And the companies could able to contribute more fund.
➢ The capital appreciation ot the initial return during the year was very bad,
almost 80% of companies issued IPOs during the year was trading less that
its offer price.
➢ The capital depreciation was many. The initial return was very frustrating.
Even the business giants also suffered loss.
➢ This year was blessed with the number of IPOs, but the performance was
not up to expectation.

108
➢ The awareness to invest in IPO was great. SEBI took some tough initiative
to overcome the IPO scam. The enthuse of the investor were in great shape.
The investor kept faith with the primary market.
➢ The sector wise results can be watch closely from the performance of
the IPO. The sector wise performance deals with best sector. The
mining and mineral sectors gives the highest return to its investors. The
capital appreciation in this sector was anonymous.
• The most expected industry where in DB reality, prestige, birla shloka were
failed.
• The IPOs which issued over, shipping and transport, media and
entertainment, medical were totally underperformed.
• The retail sector IPO was really an failure.
Seeing the performance of the IPO. All the big fun in the Industries fail
drastically. The few IPOs like Jubilant, Coal india, Thangamayyil jewelers,
etc, were performed well. The big guns like Prestige etates, Birloa shloka,
are failed drastically.
Economic impact on IPO due to the market condition is too much during
the year. As most IPOs are trading in the price lower than the issue price
because of slow down of our market due to the past effect of global crisis
and political reasons.

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 7

Chapter 7

Recommendation

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 Recommendation

From the various charts , tables and other information regarding the IPO
and its performance I can recommend the following points to judge the
performance of IPO

They are:
• Firstly invest in selected IPO and diversify the investment pattern to avoid
the risk associated with the investing
• Secondly, choose the sector effectively. Go for the financial performance of
the sector and judge with all technical tools to judge the performance of the
company and then only invest in IPO.
• Do not go by speculation. Though you can get short term advantage but for
long term its very risky.
• Before doing for the IPO issue, current market condition also taken in to
consideration
• The overall performance of the IPO gives both positive as well as negative
return to the investor. So decision to invest in IPO must taken carefully.
• From this year performance we can see the the IPO from the MINING and
Minerals are doing well, whereas….
• Never depend the big firms

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Conclusions
From the study and the research analysis made it can be convincingly concluded that:
1. IPO is one of the cheapest sources of financing.
2. All kinds of investors including small, medium and big go in for IPOs
3. The performance of the IPOs of 2010 has not been very good due to economic
recessions slump in the global market and expected revival in the IT and other sectors
not forthcoming
4. timing of the IPOs plays a very vital role in the success of the IPOs
5. Price band of the IPOs is very important and IPOs with mid cap price band have by
and large faired well during 2010
6. Extensive use of electronic media and very high absorption in IT in IPOs has made
the entire process of IPO marketing quite convenient and smooth.
7. Sector performance as foreseen by the investors also plays and major decisive role in
performance of the IPOs.
8. finally marketing of IPOs has been underlined force behind the success or failure of
the IPOs
9. and while considering the last three year trend, the IPO issue has been increasing.

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