UNIT I

INTRODUCTION AND GREETINGS

Conversation

The following conversation takes place after the first Japanese class at a university in

New York. Practice the conversation with a partner.

Student A : Hello. I’m Paul Savage.

Student B : Nice to meet you. My name’s Jane, Jane Spencer.

Student A : Glad to meet you Jane. Where are you from?

Student B : I’m from San Francisco, but now I live in New Jersey. What do you do?

Student A : Right now. I’m studying law here at Columbia.

How about you ?

Student B : I’m a software designer. I work for Nintendo.

Student A : Oh, really? So why are you studying Japanese?

Student B : Well, I ‘m going to work in our Tokyo office next year. And you?

Student A : Oh, just for fun, I guess.

Practice the above conversation again, this time using information about yourself. (Use

true information if you can, or make something up).

Personal Introduction

Sample expression for self-introductions

My name is ________________________

I’m from _________________

I just arrived from ___________

I’m a researcher in biology.

I’m a ______________

I’m here to study English.

I’m an undergraduate majoring in ………………….

business economies.

I’m a graduate student in ………………………

educational psychology.

physics.

electrical and computer engineering.

I’m working on my bachelor’s degree in psychology.

I’m working on a master’s degree.

I’m in a master’s program.

I’m working on a Ph.D.

I’m in a doctoral program.

I’m not enrolled in a degree program.

I’m studying …………………………………..

I got interested in this field in high school.

I’ve always been interested in………………..

I hope to finish my degree …………………

 Informal Personal Introduction

Examples:

1. These are examples of informal personal introductions that might be given at a

party. Sarah, this is my friend Dimitri. He’s here visiting me from Belgium. We
met when we went to school together in Ohio eight years ago. Tom, I want you to
meet Patricia. She’s my co-author. We actually met each other on a tour of
museums in London six years ago and we kept in touch for a while and finally
ended up doing a book together.
2. This is an example of an informal professional introduction of a colleague at a
reception preceding a professional talk. Steve, I’d like to introduce my co-author
Patricia Miller to you. We’ve been working together for about three years now.
Besides working with me, she’s a full professor at the University of London.

BAB II
EXPRESSING GRATITUDE AND APOLOGIZING

A. Expressing Gratitude

Several ways to express our gratitude to someone, such as:

- Thank you

- Thanks a lot

- Thank you very much

- Thanks

Several ways to reply the gratitude to someone, such as:

 - You are welcome.

- That’s all right.

- Not at all.

- Do not mention it.

Examples:

1. Susan : Thanks a lot for your help, Rudi.

Rudi : you are welcome.

Susan : now… Will you go home with me this afternoon ?

Rudi : Sure.

2. Mrs. Rina : The result of your English test was not so good, Mira. You

should

study harder.

Mira : Thank you very much for your advice. I promise I will do much

better next time.

Mrs. Rina : Do not mention it.

B. Apologizing
 - Sorry!

- I am extremely sorry.

- I am sorry!

- I am really sorry!

Contoh :

1. Tono : I am sorry, I accidentally broke your ruler.

Tono : Do not worry. I still have another.

2. Asep : Sorry, I am late, Madam. We had a flat tire.

Mrs. Susi : That’s all right, Asep. Sit down, Please.

Asep : Thank you.

ASKING FOR INFORMATION

Conversation in context

Rex : Westington, please ?

Ticket clerk : Single or return, sir ?

Rex : Single, please

Ticket clerk : Seven-dollars fifty, please.

Checking on schedules

Michael : When is the next train to foxley, please ?

Clerk : There is one at seven fifty and another one at nine.

Michael : I see. And how long does the journey take, please ?

Clerk : about five hours.

Buying tickets

Peter : Two first-class tickets to Newton, Please.

Clerk : Twenty-two dollars, please.

Peter : Thank you. And which platform does the train leave from, please?

Clerk : Platform 3 sir.

Peter : Thank you.

PREVIEW

I’d like some information about the train to Miami.

Sure, how can I help you ?

Do you know what time it leaves ? it leaves at 10:55 in the morning.

How long it takes ? it takes one and a half hours.

How much it costs ? one-way is $ 0, and round –trip is $35.

Could you tell me if you have anything cheaper ? no, we do not have anything cheaper.

BAB IV
Word Structure and Morphemes

Part of linguistic competence involves the ability to construct and interpret words. The
average high school students know about 60,000 words whose form and meaning are not
derived from those of other words(Grady O William; 1997) such words – including read,
language, on, cold and if, to name but few – must be learned and stored as separate items
in the lexicon.
However countless other words can be constructed and comprehended by the application
of quite general rules to more basic words. for example, any speaker of English who
knows the meaning of the noun fax – and the verb derived from it – could form and
interpret words such as faxable (for things that can be faxed) and fax machine (for the
device that sends and receives faxes)
A.Word
Of all the units of linguistic, the word is the most familiar. As literate speakers of
English, we rarely have difficulty segmenting stream of speech sounds into words or
deciding where to leave spaces when writing a sentence. The word reliable defining
property of words is that they are smallest free forms found in language. A free form is an
element that can occur in isolation and or whose position with respect to neighboring
elements is not entirely fixed.
Example; The birds left.
The plural marker –s cannot be a word (a free form) since it must always be attached to
the end of a noun. (Element that must be attached to another form are written here with a
hyphen).

B.Morpheme
The most important component of word structure is the morpheme. Morpheme is the
smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function. The word
builder, for example, consists of two morphemes: build (with the meaning of (‘construct’)
and –er (which indicates that the entire word functions as a noun with meaning ‘one who
build’).
Similarly the word houses is made up of morphemes house (with the meaning of
‘dwelling’) and –s (with the meaning ‘more than one). Those morphemes which can
stand alone as words are said to be free morphemes, e.g. ripe and write. Those which are
always attached to another element are said to be bound morpheme. Some morphemes
derive (create) new words by either changing the meaning (happy vs unhappy, both
adjectives) or the part of speech (syntactic category, e.g. ripe, an adjective, vs ripen, a
verb) or both. These are called derivational morphemes. Other morphemes change neither
part of speech nor meaning, but only refine and give extra grammatical information about
the already existing meaning of word, for example,
cat and cats. These morphemes never create a different word but only a different form of
the same word, are called inflectional morphemes. Both derivational and inflectional
morphemes are bound morpheme forms and are called affixes. In English, the
derivational morphemes are either prefix or suffixes, but the inflectional morphemes are
all suffixes.