M-MGW Glossary of Terms

M-MGw Glossary of Terms Page 1 of 39
ABBREVIATIONS LIST 0032-AXM 101 01/6 Uen A
M-MGw Glossary of Terms

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Contents
1 Glossary of Terms
1.1 Terms
file://C:\Documents and Settings\Cholai\My Documents\Alex Lib\ALEX_TMP\1103\alex0... 6/8/2010

1 Glossary of Terms
This document contains a collection of terms and definitions related to Ericsson Media Gateway
for Mobile Networks (M-MGw). It provides a tool for further understanding of the product
information documentation. The intended reader is anyone who reads product information
related documentation.
Abbreviations and acronyms related to the M-MGw are presented in Glossary document.
1.1 Terms
A-interface A-interface is an interface
between BSC and MGw.
AAL2 Access Point (Aal2Ap) An AAL2 access point is a
high rate access point that
uses MTP-3B for signalling.
Aal2Ap terminates the
ALCAP protocol (Q.2630).
There is one Aal2Ap in a
node for every direct AAL2
connection to other node.
AAL2 Path Distribution Unit AAL2 Path Distribution Unit
handles a set of AAL2 Paths
to be used for the
connection. It is connected
to the Q.AAL2 Access Point.
AAL2 Path AAL2 Path is a Virtual
Channel Connection (VCC)
between two network
devices.
AAL2 Switch AAL2 Switch is a switch
which routes AAL2
connections. MGw may act
as an AAL2 switch. When
MGw acts as an AAL2
switch, it just forwards the
received packets to the
right direction.
Action Method or service that is
exposed by a managed
object.
Admission Control Ability of network to refuse
connections when the
demand exceeds capacity.
Alarm An indication to the
operator or higher-level
management system that a
fault has occurred which
may require some human
intervention. Alarms have
state (active or cleared),
severity (warning, minor,

major, critical) and other

attributes to aid the
operator in assessing the
importance of the alarm.
Primary alarm is an alarm
directly related to a fault
that has occurred in the
system. Secondary alarm is
issued for a fault that has
occurred due to
dependency.
Algorithm File An algorithm file contains
the algorithm logic for a
variable message in a form
that can directly be
interpreted by the
Interactive Messaging
system. When a play
request for a variable
message is received by the
Interactive Messaging
system it will use the logic
in the associated algorithm
file, together with data sent
along with the play request,
to determine which output
to generate. The execution
of the algorithm results in a
list of identifiers. All
possible identifiers are
summarized in the
configuration file.
Application Upgrade Engine (AUE) Load Modules that are used
during upgrade. The AUE:s
take care of configuration
data transition and
conversions so that the old
node configuration works
also for the new sw. They
can also be built for special
auto configuration purposes
such that sw release related
configuration changes
automatically takes place
during the upgrade.
ARMAMENT File ARMAMENT file contains
information about CPP core
load modules (LMs)which
need to be running on the
boards before the db.dat
information can be used,
and the order in which the
LMs will be started.

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Asynchronous Transfer

Mode is a cell switching
network standard. ATM is a
connection oriented full
duplex communication
network. See also AAL, VC,
VCI, VCC, VCL, VP, VPC and
VPI.
ATM Adaptation Layer 1 (AAL1) ATM Adaptation Layer 1
supports connection-
oriented services that
require constant bit rates
and have specific timing
and delay requirements.
oriented services that do
not require constant bit
rates but do have specific
timing and delay
requirements.
oriented and connectionless
variable bit rate data
services that do not require
strict timing and delay
requirements.
ATM Cross-Connect ATM Cross-Connect routes
connections between ATM
network and other
networks. MGw may act as
an ATM Cross-Connect
node.
ATM Link Control Application Part (ALCAP) Generic name for the
transport signalling protocol
used to set up and tear
down transport bearers.
ATM Service Classes Class A: Includes constant
bit rate services for
connection-oriented transfer
with end-to-end
synchronization. For
example PCM-coded voice
signals.
Class B: Includes variable
with end-to-end
synchronization. For
example VBR-coded video
signals.
Class C: Includes variable


without any requirements
for end-to-end
synchronization.
Class D: Includes variable
connectionless transfer
without any requirements
for end-to-end
synchronization.
Application Upgrade Engine (AUE) Load Modules that are only
used during upgrade. Used
for taking care of data
handling, for example
collecting or converting
data.
Autonomous System (AS) An autonomous system is
the unit of router policy,
either a single network or a
group of networks that is
controlled by a common
network administrator (or
group of administrators) on
behalf of a single
administrative entity.
Basic Message The simplest type of
interactive message which
can be transmitted, in that
it cannot be broken down
into smaller components
and will always result in the
same phrase being heard by
the user.
Board Processor (BP) Role that a processor can
have in the system. It
controls the hardware on
the board (if the board has
application hardware), and
can execute the part of the
node's intelligence that does
not require node
coordination.
Bridge Data link layer relay device.
Circuit Emulation Circuit Emulation (CE) is a
technique to tunnel TDM
traffic (time slots) through
an ATM network using
AAL1.
Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) Software architecture that
enables objects on the
network to communicate

regardless of their location,

operating system,
hardware, and language.
Common Part Convergence Sublayer (CPCS) CPCS provides services such
as padding and CRC
checking. Converge
Sublayer is divided into two
parts: Service Specific part
(SSCS) and Common Part
(CPCS).
Composite Message Composite Message is an
interactive message which
is composed of a sequence
of other messages. One or
more basic messages and
other message compositions
may be the constituents of
a message composition.
Configuration File Configuration file is used
with variable interactive
messages to map file
identities to file names. The
initial output of the
execution of an algorithm is
a set of file identities: an
algorithm always generates
the same file identity for the
same input data. The IM
system uses the
configuration file to map
each of these file identities
to a file name. Which
configuration file must be
used is defined as part of
the definition of a variable
message. This allows an
operation to generate
different output phrases, for
example, different
languages, without updating
the algorithm itself. For
performance reasons the
Algorithm File and the
Configuration File should be
stored in the same
directory.
Configuration Version (CV) Managed object that holds
the current network
element software
configuration.
Connection Endpoint (CEP) Point where a connection is
terminated. It identifies a

specific connection in a
service access point.
Connection Point Point inside a connection
where two adjacent links
come together. Performs
address translation and
forwards information
transparently between the
two interconnected links.
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) Constant Bit Rate is an ATM
service category which
supports a constant or
guaranteed rate to
transport services such as
video or voice as well as
circuit emulation which
requires strict timing control
and performance
parameters.
Continuity Check Continuity Check is used to
test integrity of the speech
path in order to verify if the
operating conditions of the
channel are acceptable.
Convergence Sublayer (CS) Convergence Sublayer is
responsible for packaging
the higher layer PDUs with
any additional information
required for the adaptation
and offering an interface to
the user. Convergence
(CPCS).
CORBA IRP Protocol standard for
network management.
CORBA Object Object whose visible part
consists of an interface,
which is described in IDL.
The CORBA interface can
specify any operation.
CORBA objects are
addressed through a CORBA
name server.
Data Persistency Data that can survive
different events such as
upgrade, restart, sessions,
request, or none.
db.dat The database backup file
contains configuration

backup data for a specific

CV in the MGw node.
Device A device is a single instance
of a MSF device type,
comprises control SW on MP
and DSP and the algorithm
on the DSP. A device is the
same as a resource. All
devices in MGw are static.
Devices are created when
the MSB is configured and
have a fixed processing
capacity and mapping to
hardware.
Device Board Module Building block that contains
a switch port and a
processor. The processor
can have the role of a board
processor.
Device Group A device group represents
all devices, even of different
types, on one MSB.
Device Pool A device pool contains
devices of the same type,
physically implemented on
several MSBs.
Device Set A device set represents all
devices of the same device
type on one MSB.
Device Type A device type is a resource
type from an O&M point-of-
view. There can be one or
several device types for
each media stream
function. Different
capabilities of a media
stream function are
gathered in the device type.
Differentiated Services Differentiated Services
(short: Diffserv) is an
architecture for providing
different types or QoS levels
for IP network traffic. The
differentiated services
architecture is based on a
simple model where traffic
entering a network is
classified and possibly
conditioned at the
boundaries of the network,
and assigned to different
behavior aggregates. Each

behavior aggregate is
identified by a single
Differentiated Services code
point (DSCP). Within the
core network, packets are
forwarded according to the
per-hop behavior (PHB)
associated with the
Differentiated Services code
point (DSCP).
Digital Cross Connect Cross-connect system used
in SDH networks.
Directory Server Logical node that is
responsible for configuration
information. It holds the
System Management
Information Model and
security information.
Domain Scope of the area in which
you are performing read or
write operations. This can
be the PLMN, the RNC, the
RBS, a WCDMA RAN cell,
the LAI, the RAI, or the SAI.
DNS Server Logical node that keeps
track of host names within a
naming domain or
subdomain. It offers the
following two services: the
mapping of names to
addresses and the mapping
of addresses to names.
Domain Name System (DNS) The domain name system is
the way that Internet
domain names are located
and translated into Internet
Protocol addresses.
DS0 Bundle A DS0 bundle represents a
list of time slots, for
example a list of time slots
on a physical E1 port.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) The Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol
provides a framework for
passing configuration
information to hosts on a
TCP/IP network. DHCP is
built on a client-server
model, where designated
DHCP server hosts allocate
network addresses and
deliver configuration

parameters to dynamically
configured hosts.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Server Logical node responsible for
dynamic host configuration.
It holds information about
addresses and assigns
addresses to hosts.
Early Packet Discard When discarding ATM cells
belonging to an AAL5 flow,
all cells belonging to an
AAL5-PDU are discarded.
This means that network
bandwidth is not wasted
transporting AAL5 packages
that cannot be successfully
assembled into an upper-
layer PDU when reaching
their final destination.
Element Management Management operations
that can be performed
through the Management
interface exposed by the
network element.
Equipment Protection Equipment protection
protects ET-MC41 board
against single HW faults by
activating the standby
board.
Equivalent Telephony Erlang Comparative measure of
traffic that does not refer to
a particular service type,
such as voice or data.
Erlang Unit of traffic intensity.
Ethernet Hub Central distribution system
for an Ethernet cabling
system. The hub adapts the
Ethernet topology to a star-
coupled cable network.
Event Occurrence of significance
to network operators, the
network elements under
surveillance, and network
management specifications.
Events do not have states.
Expansion A node is expanded when
more capacity is added to
the node. This is done by
adding new HW and by
updating the license key file
with more licenses. In some

cases it is enough to update

the license key file only.
External Cable An external cable connects
the MGw node to external
networks.
Extensible Markup Language (XML) A markup language that
describes data formats as
well as the information
model. It represents
structured data in textual
form, and is similar in
concept to HTML.
Factory Servant Interface served by the
factory, which is published
in the name service.
FCAPS Areas involved in Network
Management, including
Fault Management,
Configuration Management,
Accounting, Performance
Management, and Security.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) FTP is a standard protocol
for transferring files
between hosts in a network.
File Transfer Protocol Server Logical node that supports
the transference of files to
and from the file system in
a network element
according to the FTP
standard.
Firewall Software that protects a
computer system against
unauthorized access. A
firewall acts as a virtual
barrier between interfaces
or ports.
Fractional Transmission The fractional transmission
means configuring only a
part (fraction) of one
physical port (that is certain
time slots of E1/T1/J1) for
ATM traffic.
Full Distinguished Name (FDN) Name of a managed object
(MO) which is unique in the
managed network. It
consists of the LDN plus a
prefix identifying the node
within the network.
Gateway Interconnection of two
networks.

Gateway Control Protocol (GCP) Gateway Control Protocol

defines the protocols used
between MGw and MGC.
GCP Profile GCP Profile is used to
determine how GCP is used
and what functionality is
supported by a Virtual
Media Gateway.
General Purpose Processor Board (GPB) Product consisting of a
processor board that is
equipped with a processor
powerful enough to act as
an MP. It can also be used
as a device.
Generic M-MGw Package (GMP) The Generic M-MGw
Package versions are V2.0,
V2.1 and V3.0. GMP V2.0
and GMP V2.1 product
packages contain the Media
Gateway configurations
incorporating ATM Cross
Connect, AAL2 Switch and
Signalling Gateway
functionality. GMP V2.1
based nodes are only
attainable as a result of HW
expansion of GMP V2.0
configurations which have
been upgraded into the
relevant M-MGw SW level.
GMP V3.0 product package
contains Media Gateway HW
configurations which also
incorporate ATM Cross
Connect, AAL2 Switch and
Signaling Gateway
functionality. The M-MGw
configurations are subject
to capacity based SW
Licensing.
Generic Order Object (GOO) Configuration rules used to
transform specified product
packages into one or more
standard modules.
Grade of Service (GoS) A number of traffic
engineering variables used
to provide a measure of
adequacy of a group of
resources under specified
conditions. These grades of
service variables may be
probability of loss, dial tone
delay, and so on. The

measurement of inefficiency
of the number of resources
to mobile users is defined
as grade of service.
Granularity Period (GP) A Granularity Period (GP)
equals to the frequency with
which the performance
monitoring collects data
from the objects. Supported
granularity periods are 5
minutes, 15 minutes and 60
minutes.
Graphical User Interface (GUI) A computer environment or
program that displays, or
facilitates the display of, on-
screen options, in the form
of icons (pictorial symbols)
or menus (lists of
alphanumeric characters)
by means of which users
may enter commands.
Hub Central distribution system
for a cabling system.
High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) A popular layer 2 protocol
for transferring data reliably
over a point-to-point link.
HTTP over SSL (HTTPS) Hypertext Transfer Protocol
over Secure Socket Layer
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) HTTP is the set of rules for
transferring files (text,
graphic images, sound,
video, and other multimedia
files) on the World Wide
Web. HTTP is an application
protocol that runs on top of
the TCP/IP suite of
protocols.
IM Streamer Maintains, retrieves and
forwards, file content when
a message request is
received.
Interactive Messaging (IM) Interactive messaging (IM)
is used to provide network
messages and to facilitate
interactive services for
operators and network
providers. Messages are
stored on hard disk of a
dedicated GPB board.
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Internet Control Message
Protocol is a message

control and error-reporting

protocol between a host
server and a gateway to the
Internet. ICMP uses
Internet Protocol. ICMP
messages are processed by
the IP software and are not
directly apparent to the
application user.
Internet Inter-ORB (Object Request Broker) Protocol (IIOP) Internet Inter-ORB Protocol
is a protocol that makes it
possible for distributed
programs written in
different programming
languages to communicate
over the Internet.
Internet Protocol (IP) The Internet Protocol is the
method or protocol by
which data is sent from one
computer to another on the
Internet. IP is a
connectionless protocol.
Information Layer Specifies a generic interface
for accessing the
information model exposed
by local resources in the
network element.
Internal Cable A cable which originates in
one MGw board and
terminates in another MGw
board.
Internal Communication Path Channels between all the
processors, through which
they communicate which
each other.
Internet Key Exchange (IKE) Method by which
cryptographic keys for the
encryption and
authentication of IP packets
are exchanged and
updated, without disclosure
to third parties.
Inverse Multiplexing over ATM (IMA) IMA is a standard for cost-
effective deployment of ATM
wide-area network
technology. Inverse
Multiplexing over ATM (IMA)
provides the means to
configure a number of
E1/DS1 or J1 flows to form
a larger bandwidth
connection between two

ATM switching nodes. A

general restriction is that
the flows being part of the
same IMA group must be
provided by ports located
on the same board. IMA is
supported on ET-MC1 and
ET-MC41.
IP and ARP over ATM ”IP and ARP over ATM” is a
RFC for internetworking IP
and ATM. For more
information see RFC 2225.
IP Bearer Control Protocol (IPBCP) The setting up of IP bearer
connections towards IP core
network is done using IP
Bearer Control Protocol,
which is tunneled via GCP in
the GCP package Bearer
Control Tunneling. IPBCP is
based on ITU-T Q.1970.
IP Security Gateway (IPSec GW) Logical node used for
interoperability with non-
IPSec devices. It is used
when a host that runs IPSec
communicates with a server
that does not have IPSec
support. In this case, the
tunneling mode of the IPSec
Protocol is used.
IP Security Protocol (IPSec) Suite of protocols by which
the use of pre-packet
encryption and
authentication can be
negotiated. IPSec does not
imply any particular
encryption or authentication
algorithm, or cryptographic
key length. Cryptographic
keys can be either pre-
shared or determined by
the Internet Key Exchange
Protocol.
Iu Interconnection point
between an Radio Network
Subsystem and a Core
Network. It is also
considered as a reference
point. Denotation for UMTS
interface in 3GPP standards.
Iu Bearer Bearer used over the
WCDMA RAN CN interface
(Iu layer 2). Three types of
bearer are defined:

G Dedicated Iu bearer
used by Radio Access
Bearers.
G signalling, connection-
oriented Iu bearer
used by SCCP.
G signalling,
connectionless Iu
bearer used by SCCP.
Iu Control Plane Connection Connection used for control

signalling between WCDMA
RAN and a CN.
Iu-c User Plane Connection Connection used for CS
services between WCDMA
RAN and a CS CN.
Iu-interface Defines the payload framing
used in the communication
between the WCDMA RNCs
and M-MGw.
IuUP IuUP is a framing protocol
used between RNC and M-
MGw.
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Provides a runtime
environment for Java
programs.
Jumper Removable electrical
connection or cable,
between two points on the
same board.
Link Provides for the capability
of transferring PDUs
bidirectionally between two
connecting points.
LLP.LMID The LLP.LMID file controls
the start of the
LOADER_SERVER_LM load
module on the MP.
Load Module All code and data required
to create a program. The
code is linked, but
relocatable. The data
includes program constants,
initialized program
variables, and
environmental variables.
The Load module is handled
as a file.

Local Distinguished Name (LDN) Name of a managed object

(MO) relative to the root MO
in the node. LDN is unique
within the node.
Local File System File system that mainly has
the function of importing
and exporting data to and
from a server. Application
data is not kept in the local
file system.
Logical Channel Information stream
dedicated to the transfer of
a specific type of
information over the
interface.
M3UA Association An M3UA association refers
to an SCTP association. The
M3UA association provides
the transport for the
delivery of MTP3-User
protocol data units and
M3UA adaptation layer peer
messages. M3UA manages
the SCTP transport
associations and traffic
between an SGw and IP-
SEP, or between two IP-
SEPs.
Main Processor (MP) Role that a certain
processor can have in the
system. MPs form a cluster
that contributes to the
node's robustness and
executes the central
intelligence of the node's
application.
Main Processor Cluster (MPC) An execution platform built
of a number of Main
Processors.
Managed Component (MC) Grouping of software that
allows the system
administrator to perform
the following operations:
Monitor, Start, Restart,
Stop; order logging and
tracing; and the defining of
parameters. It is the
smallest unit that can be
deployed on separate hosts,
and is equivalent to the
following: one JVM or one
CORBA server.

Managed Object (MO) Abstract view of a resource

that is subject to
management. A managed
object is defined in terms of
the attributes it possesses,
operations it may perform,
notifications it may issue,
and interactions it may
have with other managed
objects.
Managed Object Model (MOM) The MO classes, their
attributes, and the
relationships between the
classes are defined in an
MOM. Other information
such as cardinality, initial
values, mandatory
information, value ranges,
and relationships between
managed objects are also
described.
Management Component Group Set of MCs that the system
administrator can start and
stop as one entity. Common
instance parameters can be
configured for an MC group.
MC groups are used to
define a set of instances
handling a segment or a
region.
Management Component Servant Object implementing the MC
interfaces.
Management Information Base (MIB) Instantiation of an MIM. The
MIB contains all the
managed objects and the
relations between them.
Management Information Model (MIM) A representation of the
MOM in XML format,
installed on the node. Based
on the MIM, external
management systems know
how to access the
management information in
the node.
Mb-Interface Mb-interface defines user
plane interface of IM-MGw
in IMS network.
Mc-interface Interface between MGC and
MGw.
Measurement Based Admission Control (MBAC) Measurement Based
Admission Control (MBAC)
is an optional feature for

measuring network
performance in order to
make admission control
decisions. M-MGw detects
congestion by monitoring
the packet stream. Packet
loss or Explicit Congestion
Notification (ECN) marking
of packets are interpreted
as indications of congestion.
If M-MGw detects that the
packet drop rate is above a
configured threshold, it will
start blocking call bearer
setup attempts between
itself and the concerned
remote site, until the packet
drop rate has decreased
below the threshold. When
the estimate is above a
configurable threshold
value, the bearer setup
attempts are rejected
towards the appropriate
remote site until the rate
has decreased below the
threshold. MBAC packet loss
counting parameters are
defined in MgwApplication
MO (QoS). Emergency calls
override the MBAC and are
always accepted.
Media Gateway (MGw) Media Gateway converts
media provided in one type
of network to the format
used in another type of
network.
Media Gateway Controller (MGC) The entity that requests
services from M-MGw using
the Gateway Control
Protocol. Sometimes also
called as MSC Server.
Media Stream Channel The transmission of a media
stream between an MGw
and another node requires a
media stream channel
between the nodes. Media
stream channel corresponds
thus to for example a TDM
time slot or an AAL2
connection.
A normal two party call thus
uses 2 media stream
channels in an MGw. A four

party conference call uses 4

media stream channels. A
call for listening to a
recorded weather forecast
(recording stored in the
MGw) uses 1 media stream
channel.
The Simultaneous Call
Capacity (SCC) which is
licensed by operator
corresponds to roughly half
the number of media
stream channels because
most of the traffic consists
of two party calls.
The media stream channel
concept is not coupled with
the used media stream
bandwidth. The bandwidth
of media stream channel
depends on the usage such
as for example PCM coded
speech over TDM or AMR
coded speech over AAL2
connection.
An AAL2 transit connection
(not controlled by GCP) is
not considered a media
stream in the licensing
context and is not subject
to licensing.
Metadata Term generally used in the
CORBA specification, which
denotes the information
contained in the IDL
specification. By enquiring a
metadata repository, an
application can dynamically
issue requests to objects
without requiring IDL
interface-specific stubs to
be linked in. Similar
information is also acquired
for managed objects, and
then stored in the MIM.
M-MGw Node Manager (NM) The M-MGw Node Manager
is a web-based client
application, which provides
graphical user interface for
management of single
node. This includes alarm
management, configuration,
backup, logging, and

maintenance of hardware
and software.
Mn-Interface Mn-interface defines control
plane interface between
MGCF and IM-MGw for
controlling connections for
CS-IMS interworking.
Module Several instances of
applications that handle all
the functions for a certain
part of the network.
MO-script MO-scripts are text files
that contain MO related
CREATE, SET and ACTION
statements plus parameters
for the attributes.
Multihomed Having two or more
network connections to the
same type of network. For
example, a server may have
two or more connections to
the LAN in order to improve
performance. A server may
also provide service to two
distinct LAN segments that
are not allowed to
communicate with each
other. Connecting a network
to two ISPs for fault
tolerance is also called
multihoming
Multiplex Section Protection (MSP) Multiplex Section Protection
protects the STM-1
interface against link
failures.
Multiprotocol Encapsulation over AAL5 ATM Adaptation Layer 5
(AAL5) is able to carry
protocols over ATM
network. There is two
different methods to do
this. The first method allows
the multiplexing of multiple
protocols over a single ATM
virtual circuit and is called
logical link control (LLC)
encapsulation. The second
method describes how each
protocol is carried over a
separate ATM virtual circuit
(VC) and is known as VC-
based multiplexing. The
protocols are then
transmitted over an ATM

network using either

switched virtual circuits
(SVCs) or permanent virtual
circuits (PVCs).
Name Server Name server in CPP, which
is used for publishing tasks
and servers of the MPC. It
provides the possibility for
software on any processor
to find a process of the
MPC, regardless of which
processor currently
executes the process.
Nb-interface Interface between two MGw
nodes.
NbUP NbUP is a framing protocol
based on IuUP. NbUP is
used between two Media
Gateways.
NCLI Command File The NCLI Command File is a
script file containing NCLI
commands. Using the NCLI
Command File makes it
possible to enable batch
processing and perform
mass configuration in a
controlled way.
Network Element (NE) A physical node in a
network.
Network Management System (NMS) System that manages more
than one subnetwork.
Network Time Protocol (NTP) Network Time Protocol is a
protocol that is used to
synchronize computer clock
times in a network of
computers.
Node Command Line Interface (NCLI) NCLI is an M-MGw feature
that enables users to
configure Managed Objects
(MOs) of an M-MGw node
with a Command Line
Interface.
Notification Transport of events from

event producer to
consumer. Notifications can
be used to carry general
event messages, alarms,
performance data, or value
changes from the system to
the actor. As soon as there
are new events, the

producer sends them to the

consumer.
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) OSPF is a link-state routing
protocol. It is designed to
be run in a single
Autonomous System. Each
OSPF router maintains an
identical database
describing the Autonomous
System's topology. From
this database, a routing
table is calculated by
constructing a shortest-path
tree.
Operation Support System for Radio and Core (OSS-RC) The Operation Support
System for Radio and Core
is a common network
management system for
UTRAN, UMTS circuit-
switched core network,
UMTS packet switched core
network and GSM core
network.
ORB Threading Threading model that has a
dedicated reader thread
serving each connection and
a pool of worker threads.
On request, one worker
thread is allocated from the
pool and scheduled to serve
the request. If there is no
free worker thread, the
request is queued.
Path MTU Discovery Path MTU Discovery is a
RFC which describes a
technique for dynamically
discovering the maximum
transmission unit (MTU) of
an arbitrary internet path.
For more information see
RFC 1191.
PCM System Number The PCM System Number is
the unique identifier for the
TDM Termination Group,
and is used with the time
slot number to create the
TDM termination Id.
Performance Event Handler Informs the user about the
availability of performance
events. When the
performance event handler
receives a performance
notification either from a

server application or from a

in another node, it
distributes the event to all
users that have a
subscription to that event.
Performance Event Subscription List For every new performance
event user in a node, a new
performance event
subscription is created in
the performance event
handler. Besides
performance event
subscriptions, the
also has an object called the
performance event
subscription list, which
contains a list of all
performance event
subscribers.
Performance Management (PM) Counter Performance measurements
in M-MGw are based on PM
counters. The M-MGw uses
the following types of PM
counters:
-Gauge: Indicates as an
absolute value the amount
of certain resources in use
at the end of the
performance measurement
period. Gauges are stepped
both up and down. Gauges
will never roll over.
Sometimes gauges are also
referred to as level
counters.
- Peg: Indicates the number
of occurred events. Peg
counters are always
stepped upwards. The
absolute value increase of a
peg counter during a
measurement period is
calculated from the
difference of the counter
value at the end of this
measurement period
subtracted by the counter
value at the end of the
previous performance
measurement period. Peg
counters roll over when
their maximum value is

exceeded. For 31–bit

counters the roll over value
is 2,147,483,647.
Performance Monitoring Scheduled scanning of
measurement attributes in
the network.
Performance Notification When a performance event
occurs, the server
application sends a
performance notification to
the Performance Event
Handler.
Performance Recording Allows the Performance
Management user to create
subscriptions to predefined
event groupings, such as
Mobile Traffic Recording and
Cell Traffic Recording.
Performance Statistics Allows the Performance
Management user to create
subscriptions to predefined
counters, counter groups,
thresholds, and related
alarms at node and network
level.
Performance Statistics Subscription List For every new Performance
Statistics subscriber in a
node, a new Performance
Statistics subscription is
created in the Performance
Statistics application.
Besides the Performance
Statistics subscriptions, the
Performance Statistics
application also has an
object called Performance
Statistics subscription list,
which contains a list of all
the Performance Statistics
subscriptions.
Physical Element Management Management of a physical
node. Physical Element
Management is applicable
only to the Equipment view
of the system.
Planned Configuration Allows for virtual network
planning, using the same
tools as for real network
planning, without disturbing
real network operation. A
planned configuration has a
name, and contains

information about when it is

created. It can also contain
other kinds of configuration
information.
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) PDH is a multiplexing
technology that allows
multiple 2-Mbit/s channels
to be bit interleaved. The
interleaving is controlled by
the information bits. The
receiver discards these bits
once the signals have been
demultiplexed.
Presentation Layer Provides the interface to the
external WCDMA RAN
system actors. It also
provides data presentation
and operator interaction.
Process Smallest, separately
executable part in an OSE
Delta system. It has a
priority level, a mail box,
and an execution state.
Processing Gain (PG) Ratio of transmitted
bandwidth to information
bandwidth.
Product Package Set of functions, features,
services, or characteristics
carrying a customer value.
An item that Ericsson
licenses.
Program Executing code in a load
module, when it is
executing. It is made up of
one or several processes.
Q.2630 Specific transport signalling
protocol used to set up and
release AAL2 transport
bearers. Q.2630 is often
also referred as Q.AAL2.
Q.AAL2 Specific transport signalling
protocol used to set up and
release AAL2 transport
bearers. Q.AAL2 is often
also referred as Q.2630.
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) The Real-Time Transport
Protocol is an Internet
protocol standard that
specifies a way for
programs to manage the
real-time transmission of

multimedia data over either

unicast or multicast network
services.
RebootNodeUpgrade This method makes an
upgrade of the whole node
at the same time. All kinds
of SW on all boards can be
changed by means of a
node restart. Prior to the
restart, all reconfigurations
have been done and stored
in the database which is
saved to the disk for
availability at the node
restart.
RebootPiuUpgrade (RebootPlugInUnitUpgrade) By using this method it is
possible to upgrade SW on
selected boards in the node.
If several or all boards are
to be upgraded, it can be
made in a sequence so that
no complete system outage
is perceived.
Relative Distinguished Name (RDN) Name of a managed object
(MO) which is unique
relative to its nearest
parent in the MO naming
tree.
Relay Device capable of receiving
and transmitting
information for another
user.
Relaying Process of receiving and
transmitting information for
another user.
Remote Site The remote site is identified
by comparing a selectable
part of an IP address, which
has been configured in the
M-MGw as identifying a
network, with the remote IP
address which is received
via control plane during
bearer setup negotiation.
This part of the IP address
would typically identify the
subnet at the remote site.
The part of the IP address
that is used for the site
identification, the "site
mask", is configurable in
the M-MGw.

Repeater Device that receives a

signal and amplifies it for
retransmission at the
Physical layer.
Replaceable Unit Device boards, fans,
subracks, cabinets, and
processor boards.
Resource Access Resource access owns and
controls all media stream
devices. There are two
types of resource accesses,
IMRA and GRA.
Resources Objects for management.
For applications, the system
resources are represented
as managed objects.
Result Output Period (ROP) A Granularity Period (GP)
specifies how often a
performance statistics file
(XML) is produced. This
period is referred to as a
Result Output Period (ROP).
Thus the ROP interval is 5
minutes, 15 minutes or 60
minutes according to the
GP.
Roaming Process in which a UE
registers and receives
services in a PLMN other
than its home PLMN.
Rollback A method that allows the
system to recover to the
previous version of the
software automatically in
case of unsuccessful
software upgrade.
Route Parameter Group Route parameter group is a
container for route
parameter sets, thus
defining the characteristics
of the MSF devices used in
TDM group. It may be
associated with one or more
TDM Termination Groups.
Route Parameter Set A set of route parameters
for one device type.
Router Network layer relaying or
routing device; for example,
an IP router used for
routing of IP packages.
Routers shift packets from

one interface or port to

another and make only
minimal modifications to the
packets themselves.
Run Command File The Run Command File is
an application in Node
Manager which is used for
executing configuration MO-
scripts which configure the
node.
Scanner To be able to collect PM
statistics from M-MGw, PM
counters are grouped into
scanners. A scanner is a
small program used to
periodically collect the
values of a predefined set of
PM counters and dump the
collected PM statistics in an
XML file.
Schema Set of managed object
classes, with properties and
associations that are
applicable to a given
context. The schema is
represented by the MIM.
SCTP Association A protocol relationship
between SCTP endpoints,
composed of the two SCTP
endpoints and protocol
state information including
Verification Tags and the
currently active set of
Transmission Sequence
Numbers (TSNs), and so on.
An association can be
uniquely identified by the
transport addresses used by
the endpoints in the
association. Two SCTP
endpoints must not have
more than one SCTP
association between them
at any given time.
SCTP Endpoint The logical sender or
receiver of SCTP packets.
On a multi-homed host, an
SCTP endpoint is
represented to its peers as
a combination of a set of
eligible destination
transport addresses to
which SCTP packets can be

sent and a set of eligible

source transport addresses
from which SCTP packets
can be received. All
transport addresses used by
an SCTP endpoint must use
the same port number, but
can use multiple IP
addresses. A transport
address used by an SCTP
endpoint must not be used
by another SCTP endpoint.
In other words, a transport
address is unique to an
SCTP endpoint.
Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) SFTP is a protocol for
transferring files securely
between hosts in a network.
Secure Shell (SSH) SSH is a network protocol
that allows establishing a
secure channel between a
local and a remote
computer. SSH provides
confidentiality and integrity
of data exchanged between
the two computers using
encryption and message
authentication codes
(MACs).
Secure Socket Layer (SSL) A security protocol that

provides authentication,
integrity and encryption
services between two
communicating applications.
Segment Part of the software that is
memory protected as one
piece. If you suspect
memory violation and you
want to restart that
software, a segment is the
smallest piece of code that
is used to restart. A
segment can hold one
program.
Segmentation and Reassembly (SAR) Segmentation and
Reassembly is one of the
two sublayers of AAL. It is
responsible for
segmentation and
reassembly of the higher
layer PDUs.

Service Access Point (SAP) Point at which a user

accesses a connection in the
Service layer. The SAP
provides the user with the
means to access one or
several concurrent
connections.
Service Layer Provides a task-oriented
support for the
management of the system
resources. A service in the
Service layer is called a
service object.
Service Object Service in the Service layer,
which is typically a CORBA
object.
Service Specific Convergence Sublayer (SSCS) SSCS is service dependent.
SSCS provides services
such as assured data
transmission based on
retransmissions. Converge
(CPCS).
Session Message sequence between
two users that occurs as a
sequence in some larger
transaction.
Session Servant Object created by the
factory when a client
connects. It then handles all
client requests during the
session.
Signalling Connection The connection used to
carry signalling traffic.
Signalling Gateway (SGW) signalling Gateway performs
conversions between
different signalling transport
technologies.
Signalling Link (SL) The SS7 signalling channel
between two signalling
terminals, SP (Signalling
Point) or STP (Signalling
Transfer Point), is identified
as a signalling link.
Signalling Link Set One or more SL (Signalling
Links) between SP
(Signalling Point) or STP
(Signalling Transfer Point)

are identified as a Signalling

Link Set.
Signalling Point (SP) A Signalling Point is a node
in the SS7 network. It is
either the originating or
terminating point.
Signalling Route (SR) A predetermined path
described by a succession of
signalling points that may
be transversed by signalling
messages directed by a SP
(Signalling Point) towards a
specific destination point.
Signalling Route Set The combination of all the
permitted SR (Signalling
Route) that may be used to
pass signalling messages
from a SP (Signalling Point)
to a specific destination.
Single Logon Once a user is identified,
authenticated, and granted
the right to log on to O&M
applications, there is no
further need to log on to
the specific applications
executing in the network
elements. From an
administrator's perspective,
all access rights can be
managed from a central
point, and there is no need
to log on every object to
change its security setting.
Single Logon Server (SLS) Logical node supporting
single logon functionality.
Special-purpose Processor Processor that is dedicated
to application processing
and generally also to user
plane-oriented processing.
Specified Product Package Unique string of ordering
parameters, output from
PCAT once the Product
Package selection is made
based on the customer
order.
Standard Module Unique set of one or more
products that is
preconfigured, pretested,
and pre-engineered for use
in assembly and supply, to
fulfill a customer order.

Static Admission Control (SAC) Static Admission Control

(SAC) calculates the
currently allocated
bandwidth for all media
channels that use IP
payload transmission.
Bandwidth amount
summation is done for each
IP call setup and bandwidth
subtraction is done for each
IP call release. If the node
has exceeded the maximum
bandwidth value, the call
setup is not allowed until
the used bandwidth is again
decreased below the
threshold limit.
The meaning of the SAC

feature is to limit the total
IP traffic out/in from the M-
MGw node to the operator
configurable maximum
limit. Emergency calls
override the Static
Admission Control and are
always accepted.
Structured/Channelized Interfaces Structured/channelized

interfaces are physical
interfaces in CPP. Physical
interfaces in CPP can be
divided into categories:
Unstructured interfaces and
structured/channelized
interfaces. In the
structured/channelized
interface, one physical
interface contains several
logical physical interfaces.
Subnetwork Network within the core
network system, such as M-
MGw or GPRS, that is
managed by several
administrative nodes or
sites.
Switch System used for
establishing paths and
switching data from one
inlet to one or several
outlets. One example is an
ATM switch used for
switching of ATM cells.

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) SDH specifies how payload

data is framed and
transported synchronously
across optical fiber
transmission links without
requiring all the links and
nodes to have the same
synchronized clock for data
transmission and recovery.
TDM Cross-connect TDM cross-connect means
establishment of a semi
permanent connection
between two 64 Kbit/s
timeslots on any TDM ET in
the M-MGw. In the M-MGw,
TDM cross-connect
functionality is typically
used for transporting
signalling channels through
the M-MGw towards the
MSC server.
TDM Termination Group TDM Termination Group is a

grouping of TDM
Termination Ids on the
same physical ET port.
There can be from one to
32 terminations configured
per group. Typically one
TDM Termination group is
one DS0 Bundle.
Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM) TDM is a method of putting
multiple data streams in a
single signal by separating
the signal into many
segments, each having a
very short duration. Each
individual data stream is
reassembled at the
receiving end based on the
timing.
Telnet Telnet is TCP/IP based
application protocol that
enables a terminal to
interact with a program that
is running in another
computer.
Termination A termination defined in
GCP is a logical entity that
sources and/or sinks media
streams. A termination is
described by a number of
characterizing properties,

which are grouped in a set

of descriptors that are
included in commands.
Terminations have unique
identities (TerminationsIDs)
assigned by the Media
Gateway at the time of their
creation. Termination is a
logical representation of a
resource.
Thin Client Web-based client
application interface.
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) TCP is the basic
communication language or
protocol of the Internet. It
can also be used as a
communications protocol in
a private network.
Traffic Intensity The instantaneous traffic
intensity in a pool of
resources at given instant
of time.
Traffic Descriptor Traffic Descriptor describes
the traffic parameters of
ATM connection.
Transport Address A Transport Address is
traditionally defined by
Network Layer address,
Transport Layer protocol
and Transport Layer port
number. In the case of
SCTP running over IP, a
transport address is defined
by the combination of an IP
address and an SCTP port
number (where SCTP is the
Transport protocol).
Transport Layer Security (TLS) A security protocol that
provides privacy and data
integrity between two
communicating applications.
Authentication feature is
optional.
User Equipment (UE) User Equipment is a
WCDMA Mobile station.
Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR) Unspecified Bit Rate is an
ATM service category which
does not specify traffic
related service guarantees.
Unspecified Bit Rate+ (UBR+) UBR+ guarantees a certain
bandwidth. If higher

bandwidth is used it will be

handled as UBR.
Unstructured Interfaces Unstructured interfaces are
physical interfaces in CPP.
Physical interfaces in CPP
can be divided into
categories: Unstructured
interfaces and
Structured/channelized
interfaces. In the
unstructured interface the
client traffic is mapped into
one fixed bandwidth pipe.
Update Update is a type of upgrade
wich only updates the HW
related configuration. It re-
configures the node PiuType
MOs, Repertoire MOs and
RPU MOs according to the
corresponding UCF. The
purpose is to enable
introduction of new
hardware without causing
any restarts, except on the
added HW.
Upgrade Node SW is upgraded from
one release to a higher
release. Typically this
means introduction of new
functionality and support for
new HW but it can also
mean correction of existing
functionality.
Upgrade Control File (UCF) The Upgrade Control File
holds the instructions for
corresponding UP on how to
upgrade the system to
related SW release. This
includes the upgrade
sequences, SW
configuration information on
board level and information
of all SW to be loaded on
the boards, including the
AUEs. The UCF contains
dedicated sequences for all
supported from states and
upgrade types. Each
sequence holds information
of how the upgrade shall
proceed, what AUEs to start
and when to send activating
triggers to the upgrade
actors.

Upgrade Package (UP) The upgrade Package is a

container in which all SW
for a related release is
included. The UP also
includes dedicated
instructions for the
automatic upgrade process.
These are found in a file
called UCF.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) User Datagram Protocol is a
communications protocol
that offers a limited amount
of service when messages
are exchanged between
computers in a network that
uses the Internet Protocol.
UDP is an alternative to the
Transmission Control
Protocol.
Variable Message A variable message is an
interactive message whose
meaning is determined in
the exchange, but whose
actual contents is
determined during each call
using that message.
Virtual Channel (Virtual Circuit) (VC) A Virtual Channel is a logical
channel created to ensure
reliable communication
between two network
devices. Virtual circuits are
created dynamically or they
are permanent. Virtual
circuits are used in ATM.
Each Virtual Channel (VC)
goes through one or
number of Virtual Paths.
Virtual path also groups
Virtual Channels.
Virtual Channel Connection (VCC) Virtual Channel Connection
is a logical circuit that
carries data between two
end points in an ATM
network. VCC is build up of
VCLs.
Virtual Channel Cross-Connection Virtual Channel Cross-
Connection is a virtual
channel connection routed
through an ATM switch.
Virtual Channel routing is
carried out either at VC
cross-connect or switch.

Virtual Channel Identifier (VCI) The VPI and VCI fields

represent the routing
information within the ATM
cell.
Virtual Channel Link (VCL) Virtual Channel Link is a
connection between two
ATM devices. A VCC is build
up of one or more VCLs.
Virtual Container (VC) Virtual Container is a data
package. Virtual Containers
are used in SDH and they
are carried in SDH payload.
Virtual Path (VP) A virtual path is a logical
path between two network
elements. Virtual path
groups Virtual Channels.
Virtual paths are used in
ATM. One STM-1 / OC-3 link
is divided into a number of
Virtual Paths.
Virtual Path Connection (VPC) Virtual Path Connection
groups Virtual Channel
Connections.
Virtual Path Identifier (VPI) The VPI and VCI fields
represent the routing
information within the ATM
cell.
Virtual Path Link (VPL) Within a virtual path, a
group of unidirectional VCLs
with the same end points.
Grouping VCLs into VPLs
reduces the number of
connections to be managed,
thereby decreasing network
control overhead and cost.
A VPC is made up of one or
more VPLs.
Virtual Media Gateway (VMGw) A physical Media Gateway
may be partitioned into one
or more Virtual Media
Gateways. Each of the
virtual Media Gateways
appears to the MGC as a
complete Media Gateway
client.
VMGw Pool A VMGw pool can contain
one or more VMGws. Each
VMGw pool runs on a
different General Purpose
Processor Board (GPB),
which enables efficient
processor usage and

redundant system
architecture. Each VMGw is
assigned to a VMGw pool.
VoIP-Interface VoIP-interface is a common
term covering user plane
interface of IM-MGw in IMS
network and a user plane
interface between MGw and
external IP based wireline
network or PLMN.

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ABBREVIATIONS LIST 0032-AXM 101 01/6 Uen A

M-MGw Glossary of Terms

© Copyright Ericsson AB 2007. All Rights Reserved

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major, critical) and other

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Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Asynchronous Transfer

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bit rate services for

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regardless of their location,

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backup data for a specific

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cases it is enough to update

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Gateway Control Protocol (GCP) Gateway Control Protocol

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control and error-reporting

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ATM switching nodes. A

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Iu Control Plane Connection Connection used for control

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Local Distinguished Name (LDN) Name of a managed object

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Managed Object (MO) Abstract view of a resource

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party conference call uses 4

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network using either

Notification Transport of events from

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producer sends them to the

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server application or from a

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exceeded. For 31–bit

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information about when it is

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multimedia data over either

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Repeater Device that receives a

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one interface or port to

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sent and a set of eligible

Secure Socket Layer (SSL) A security protocol that

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Service Access Point (SAP) Point at which a user

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are identified as a Signalling

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