CSE 6080: Assignment Research Paper: Referencing Style

Department of Computer Science &

Engineering

Academic Research Harvard Referencing

Tutorial

Prepared By : Shanjit S Soomarooah

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CSE 6080: Assignment Research Paper: Referencing Style

Harvard Author Date Referencing

Books
On this Page:

• A book with one author

• A book published in a second or subsequent edition
• A book by two or three authors
• A book by four or more authors
• An edited book
• One volume of a multi-volume work
• A book with no author given
• A book or work by an association or institution
• Indirect citations
• Citing more than one author at one point in the text

Elements of the citation

Author(s) of book - surname and initials Year of publication, Title of book - italicised,
Edition, Publisher, Place of publication.

A book with one author

Citing example:

Kizza (2002) examines the motives for cybercrime and its cost.

Cyber attacks may be categorized according to motive (Kizza 2002).

Reference list:
Kizza, JM 2002, Computer network security and cyberethics, McFarland, Jefferson, N.C.

A book published in a second or subsequent edition

Citing example:

Fenna (2004) looks at the three phases of the policy making process.

Reference list:
Fenna, A 2004, Australian public policy, 2nd edn, Pearson Education Australia, Frenchs
Forest, NSW.

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CSE 6080: Assignment Research Paper: Referencing Style

A book by two or three authors

Citing example:

Coates and Holroyd (2003) look at national patterns of internet use.

Japan has developed a technology well suited to local conditions (Coates & Holroyd
2003).

Note: & is used to link the authors'names within the brackets, but not when they appear
as part of the sentence.

Reference list:
Coates, K & Holroyd c 2003, Japan and the internet revolution, Palgrave Macmillan,
New York.

A book by four or more authors

Citing example:

The Pepsi example illustrates the importance of economic relationships in formulating

strategy (Besanko et al. 2003).

Note: et al. (and others) may be used in place of additional authors names in the text of
your essay, but all the names must be written in the reference list citation.

Reference list:
Besanko, D, Dranove, D, Shanley, M & Schaefer, S 2003, Economics of strategy, 3rd
edn, J.Wiley, New York.

An edited book

Citing example:

The volume edited by Watts (2003) includes chapters examining the general impact of
computer technologies, and their particular application to education.

Reference list
Watts, MM (ed.) 2003, Technology: taking the distance out of learning, Jossey-Bass, San
Francisco.

Denzin, NK & Lincoln, YS (eds) 2003, The landscape of qualitative research: theories
and issues, 2nd edn, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.

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CSE 6080: Assignment Research Paper: Referencing Style

One volume of a multi-volume work

Citing example:

Volume 4 of this work (Pfeiffer, 1991, pp. 71-73) includes an overview of the Hawthorne
Studies.

Reference list
Pfeiffer, JW (ed.) 1991, Theories and models in applied behavioural science, vol. 4,
Organizational, Pfeiffer, San Diego.

A book with no author given

Citing example:

Notes, references and bibliographies are dealt with in Chapter nine (Style manual for
authors, editors and printers 1996).

Note: the title is used in both the reference list and citation.

Reference list:
Style manual for authors, editors and printers 1996, 5th edn, Australian Government
Publishing Service, Canberra.

A book or work by an association or institution

Citing example:

Short bibliographies of the artists are also provided (National Gallery of Australia 1997).

Reference list:
National Gallery of Australia 1997, The eye of the storm: eight contemporary indigenous
artists, 2nd edn, National Gallery of Australia, Canberra.

Indirect citations

These occur when the work of another author is cited by an author you have referred to,
(i.e. you have not consulted the original work.)

Citing example:

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CSE 6080: Assignment Research Paper: Referencing Style

Allen (cited in Wyn & White p. 8) argues that it is "change in society which explains
relations between different ages".

Reference list:

• Provide details of the author who has done the citing:

Wyn, J & White, R 1997, Rethinking youth, Allen & Unwin, St Leonards, NSW.

• You may also provide details of the cited work if it might be of interest to readers:

Allen, S 1968, 'Some theoretical problems in the study of youth', Sociological Review, vol.
16, no.3, pp. 319-331.

Citing more than one author at one point in the text

Citing example:

Other studies of globalization focus on its cultural and human implications (Bauman
1998; Tomlinson 1999).

Note:

• It is recommended that the authors' names be ordered alphabetically inside the

brackets.
• Use a semicolon to separate the works cited inside the brackets.

Reference list:
Bauman, Z 1999, Globalization and culture, Polity Press, Oxford.

Tomlinson, J 1999, Globalization: the human consequences, Routledge, London.

A chapter in a book
Elements of the citation

Author(s) of chapter - surname and initials Year of publication, 'Title of chapter - in

single quotation marks' [in] Author of book (if different), Title of book - italicised,
Edition, Publisher, Place of publication, (optional) page numbers.

Citing example:

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CSE 6080: Assignment Research Paper: Referencing Style

The case for a relational concept of youth is argued by Wyn and White (1997) in their
chapter 'The concept of youth'.

Reference list:
Wyn, J & White, R 1997, 'The concept of youth', in Rethinking youth, Allen and Unwin,
Sydney

A chapter in an edited book

Citing example: In text:

Maid (2003) critically assesses the role of computer technologies in distance learning.

Reference list:
Maid, BM 2003, 'No magic answer', in M Watts (ed.), Technology: taking the distance
out of learning, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

Note: the initials of the editor precede her surname, as this name is not crucial to the
order of the item in the reference list.

Journal articles
On this page:

• Print version
• Elements of the citation
• Accessed from a journal database in the same format as the original (PDF)
• Accessed from a website in the same format as the original (PDF)
• Accessed from a site which provides a electronic-only version of a journal
• Accessed from a website in a format different from the print version (HTML) -
may not give page numbers or page range.

Print version

Elements of the citation

Author(s) of article -surname and initials Year of publication, 'Title of article - in single
quotation marks', Journal name - italicised, volume number, issue number, page
number(s).

Citing example: In text:

Parikh and Verma (2002) provide one analysis of the use of the Internet in supporting
learning.

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CSE 6080: Assignment Research Paper: Referencing Style

Note: the & is not used when the authors' names appear as part of the sentence.

Reference list:
Parikh, M & Verma, S 2002, 'Utilizing Internet technologies to support learning: an
empirical analysis', International Journal of Information Management, vol. 22, no.1, pp.
27-46.

Accessed from a journal database in the same format as the original (PDF)

Citing example: In text:

'The processes by which Australia's water resources are allocated have undergone
fundamental changes over the last two decades' (Bennett, 2003, p. 237).

Reference list:
Bennett, J 2003, 'Environmental values and water policy', Australian Geographical
Studies, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 237-250, viewed 8 Nov 2004, http://www.catchword.com/

Note:Provide the URL of the main entrance to the database service.

Accessed from a website in the same format as the original (PDF)

Citing example: In text:

"Philosophy for Children is based on the idea that children can explore value and make
meaning ... in a community" (Sprod, 1999, p. 14).

Reference list:
Sprod, T 1999, 'Philosophy, young people and well-being', Youth Studies Australia,
vol.18, no. 2, pp. 12-16, viewed 28 October 2004,
<http://www.acys.utas.edu.au/ysa/articles/index.html>.

Accessed from a site which provides a electronic-only version of a journal

Citing example: In text:

The table provided by Keneley (2004) illustrates the structure of business in Western
District towns in 1890.

Reference list:
Keneley, M 2004, 'The dying town syndrome: a survey of urban development in the
Western District of Victoria 1830 - 1930', Electronic Journal of Australian and New

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CSE 6080: Assignment Research Paper: Referencing Style

Zealand History, viewed 10 December 2004,

<http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/articles/keneley3.htm>.

Accessed from a website in a format different from the print version

(HTML) - may not give page numbers or page range.

Citing example: In text:

In her conclusion, Valentine (2004) stresses the importance of challenging policies which
limit access to higher education.

Reference list:
Valentine, D 2004, 'Access to higher education: a challenge to social work educators',
Journal of Social Work Education, vol. 4, no. 2, viewed 12 December, 2004, <
http://www.cswe.org/>.

Newspaper articles
Author known

Elements of the citation

Author(s) of article - surname and initials Year of publication, 'Title of article - in single
quotation marks', Newspaper name - italicised, day month, page number(s).

Citing example: In text:

Cauchi (2004) reports on the Global Amphibian Assessment study.

Reference list:
Cauchi, S 2004, 'World's green markers on the brink', The Age, 16 October, p. 10.

Author not known

Citing example: In text:

The Age (16 October 2004, p. 10) reports on the Global Amphibian Assessment study.

Reference list

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CSE 6080: Assignment Research Paper: Referencing Style

If the newspaper article does not have an author, do not provide details in the Reference
list. Give a citation only

Newspaper article accessed from a database - format not identical to

original

Citing example: In text:

Gee (2004) looks at the significance of a recent archaeological excavation on the

Indonesian island of Flores.

Reference list
Gee, H 2004, 'A breed apart', The Age, 29 October, first edition, A3, viewed 10
December, 2004, http://global.factiva.com

Note: Provide the URL of the main entrance to the database service.

Conference papers
Published paper

Elements of the citation

Author(s) of paper -surname and initials Year of publication, 'Title of paper - in single
quotation marks' [in] Editor (if applicable), Title of published proceeding which may
include place held and date(s) - italicised, Publisher, Place of publication, Page numbers.

Citing example: In text:

Common (2001) addresses the key theme of the conference.

Reference list
Common, M 2001, 'The role of economics in natural heritage decision making', in
Heritage economics: challenges for heritage conservation and sustainable development
in the 21st century: proceedings of the International Society for Ecological Economics
conference, Canberra, 4 July 2000, Australian Heritage Commission, Canberra.

Unpublished papers

Citing example: In text:

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CSE 6080: Assignment Research Paper: Referencing Style

Byas (2003) concludes that there is little evidence that child-focussed guidelines have had
an appreciable effect within the court or beyond it.

Reference list
Byas, A 2003, 'Family law: old shadows and new directions', paper presented to the
eighth Australian Institute of Family Studies Conference, Melbourne, 12-14 February.

Encyclopaedia and dictionaries

Provide citations only, if

• no author or an entry in an encyclopaedia is named

• a dictionary is being cited

Citing example:

The Macquarie dictionary (1997) defines it as ... ...

(The Cambridge encyclopaedia of the English language 1995)

Named author of an encyclopaedia entry

Citing example: In text:

According to Townsend (1982, p. 160), Stein's innovations in style make strict

classification of her work difficult.

Reference list
Townsend, J 1982, 'Gertrude Stein', in L. Mainiero (ed.), American women writers: a
critical reference guide from colonial times to the present, vol. 4, pp. 153-161, Ungar,
New York.

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