SC-FDMA for 3GPP LTE uplink

Hong-Jik Kim, Ph. D.

Wireless Broadband – The New Category

ile UMTS /
Mobil 3GPP LTE
WCDM
Cellular A Wireless Broadband
HSDPA 802.20
1xEV-DO
WiMAX 802.16e
Area
Local A

802.11
802 11
Cordless WiFi n
802.11
a/b/g
WiMAX 802.16d
NG –
ed

DSL / Cable /DSL

Fixe

POTS Fiber / DLC

Voice & Messaging Broadband

Existing 2004-2006 Rollout 2006+

2 Hong-Jik Kim
 3GPP Standard

2G 2,5G 3G 3,5G 4G ?

J
Japan PDC

WCDMA HSDPA HSUPA Rel. 7

Europe GSM GPRS Rel. 5 Rel. 6 Rel. 6
LTE
R99

DL UL Multi-Carrier OFDMA
North Shared
S a ed C
CH Shared
S a ed C
CH DL MIMO O
TDMA EDGE DL/UL MIMO
America HARQ HARQ
AMC AMC

3 Hong-Jik Kim
3GPP LTE objectives
> Scalable bandwidth : 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, (15), 20MHz
> Peak data rate (scaling linearly with the spectrum allocation)
• DL (2 Rx @ UE) : 100Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation
• UL (1 Tx @ UE) : 50Mb/s for 20MHz spectrum allocation

> Spectrum efficiency

• DL : 3-4 times HSDPA for MIMO (2,2)
• UL : 2-3 times HSUPA for MIMO(1,2)

> Reference Antenna configurations (targets)

• DL : 2Tx and 2 Rx
• UL : 1 Tx and 2 Rx

> Latency
• C-plane : < 50-100ms to establish U-plane
• U-plane
U plane : < 10ms from UE to ser
server
er

> Capacity
• 200 users for 5MHz, 400 users in larger
g spectrum
p allocations ((active state))

> Mobility
• LTE is optimised for low speeds 0-15km/h but mobility is maintained for speeds up to 350km/h

4 Hong-Jik Kim
OFDMA
Nu Nc Nc Np+Nc

Bit Constellation S/P

Symbol
Stream mapping converter
to Nc-point
Subcarrier IFFT Cyclic P/S
Mapping Prefix converter

> High
g PAPR
• Need for PAPR reduction scheme especially for UL
> Various mappings from Nu data symbols to Nu subcarriers
among Nc subcarriers

> Receiver is based on FFT

5 Hong-Jik Kim
OFDM / MIMO
> OFDM – robust in dense environments
> OFDM / MIMO perfect long term marriage
> Achieves considerable increase in capacity,
capacity peak rates
& coverage

Space-Time
Space-Time
Multi-Element
- QAM Symbol Multi-Element
-
Transmitter Symbol Receiver
1 1
A A’’

Tx Antenna
er
x Encode

Rx Decoderr
B . . B’’
MIMO
. .
C Channel Matrix,H C’’
. .
. . .
. . t0 t1 t2
. .
.
Tx

. .
NT ‘Space-Time NR
Codeword’

2.5GHz, 10MHz,TDD OFDMA

MIMO (Tx:Rx) 1x1 1x2 2x2 2x4 4x2 4x4
Bits/Sec/Hz/Sector 12
1.2 18
1.8 28
2.8 44
4.4 37
3.7 51
5.1

Cornerstone Technology for WiMAX, 3GPP LTE, 3GPP2 Evol and 802.20
P
Practical
ti l Deployments
D l t with
ith 2X4 C
Configurations
fi ti – Cable
C bl & A
Antenna
t S
Solutions
l ti
6 Hong-Jik Kim
UL: Single Carrier (SC)-FDMA

> DFT-spreading of data symbols in frequency domain

> Low PAPR
> Subcarrier mapping
• Distributed mapping
• Frequency diversity
• Transmit signal similar to IFDMA
• Localized mapping
• Multi-user
Multi user diversity (frequency domain scheduling)
• transmit signal similar to narrowband single-carrier

> MMSE equalization to restore code orthogonality

7 Hong-Jik Kim
UL: Interleaved FDMA (IFDMA)
2π
j kt
T
e

can be used by different users

comb-shaped spectrum

> Also known as distributed SC-FDMA

SC FDMA
> Hybrid of single-carrier and OFDM concepts
• Low PAPR (same as single carrier)
> Orthogonal uplink as each user is assigned set of sub-carriers orthogonal
to other users
> Receiver is based on FDE (e.g. MMSE).

8 Hong-Jik Kim
Localized vs. Distributed

5/4 = 1.25 MHz Localized 5 MHz Distributed, RF = 4

Less frequency diversity 9 Larger frequency diversity
Higher FER for narrowband users 9L
Low-rate
t andd high-rate
hi h t users coexist
i t
Time domain channel has larger power peacefully
fluctuations
Difficult to choose appropriate MCS due to 9 Time domain channel has less power
rapid channel fluctuations
fluctuation
Less accurate power control
9 More stable MCS selection
Low rate user may block a high-rate
Low-rate high rate 9 More
M accurate
t power control
t l
(broadband) user from the channel,
especially if channel dependent Channel estimation becomes degraded
schedulingg is used for very large repetition factors
Narrowband filter has longer impulse Tighter frequency synchronization may
response Æ reduces “effective” CP be required
length (IFDMA only)
9 Channel estimation not degraded at
low bandwidths

9 Hong-Jik Kim
Frame structure

1 sub-frame = 0.5 msec

SB SB
CP LB#1 CP CP LB #2 CP LB #3 CP LB #4 CP LB #5 CP CP LB#6
#1 #2

> 1 sub-frame
bf = 0.5ms
05
• 6 LB (Long Block) for user / control data transfer
• 2 SB (Short
(Sh t Block)
Bl k) ffor pilot
il t / control
t ld data
t ttransfer
f

10 Hong-Jik Kim
Cluster structure, Localized FDMA

10 data sub-carriers + 5 pilot sub-carriers

1 short
h t bl
block
k

1 long block
1 TTI

Data sub-carrier

Pilot sub-carrier
Unobserved sub-carrier
sub-carrier, short blocks

11 Hong-Jik Kim
Cluster structure, Interleaved FDMA
10 data sub-carriers + 5 pilot sub-carriers per user

1 TTI

Data sub-carrier of user 1, 2 ,3 ,4

Pilot sub-carrier of user 1, 2 ,3 ,4

Unobserved sub-carrier
sub carrier, short blocks

12 Hong-Jik Kim
Simulation Parameters

¾ Frequency hopping used on a TTI basis

¾ MCS: QPSK rate ¼, ½, ¾ & 16 QAM rate ½, ¾
¾ 1 transmit, 2 receive antennas (uncorrelated)
¾ ITU PB channel@3 km/hr
¾ One turbo block per TTI
¾ TTI=0.5ms
¾ Both ideal and estimated channel running side by side
¾ Pilot overhead: 1/7
¾ Sampling Rate = 15
15.359
359 MHz (=4*3
(=4 3.84MHz)
84MHz)
¾ Pilot power boost = 3dB (i.e. pilot signal amplitude = sqrt(2)*data
signal amplitude)
amplitude), QPSK modulation with constant modulus in the
frequency domain.

13 Hong-Jik Kim
Results for Loc.FDMA, v=3km/h

0
Loc.FDMA, v=3km/h
10

-1
10
LER
BL

-2 QPSK 1/4, Perfect IR

10
QPSK 1/4
QPSK 1/2, Perfect IR
QPSK 1/2
QPSK 3/4, Perfect IR
QPSK 3/4
16QAM 1/2, Perfect IR
16QAM 1/2
16QAM 3/4, Perfect IR
16QAM 3/4
-3
10
-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
SNR
14 Hong-Jik Kim
Results for IFDMA , v=3km/h

0
iFDMA, v=3km/h
10

-1
10
BLER
R

-2
2
10 QPSK 1/4, Perfect IR
QPSK 1/4
QPSK 1/2, Perfect IR
QPSK 1/2
QPSK 3/4
3/4, Perfect IR
QPSK 3/4
16QAM 1/2, Perfect IR
16QAM 1/2
16QAM 3/4, Perfect IR
-3 16QAM 3/4
10
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
SNR
15 Hong-Jik Kim
iFDMA/Loc.FDMA with real channel estimation , v=3km/h

0
SUBBAND/DIVERSITY, Estimated channel, v=3km/h
10

-1
10
BLER
R

-2
2 iFDMA QPSK 1/4
10
Loc.FDMA QPSK 1/4
iFDMA QPSK 1/2
Loc.FDMA QPSK 1/2
iFDMA QPSK 3/4
Loc.FDMA QPSK 3/4
iFDMA 16QAM 1/2
Loc.FDMA 16QAM 1/2
iFDMA 16QAM 3/4
Loc.FDMA 16QAM 3/4
-3
10
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20
SNR
16 Hong-Jik Kim
Th k you
Thank