PENGELOLAAN KAWASAN PESISIR DAN LAUT

KULIAH KE 5 – DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS

ADJIE PAMUNGKAS ST., M.Dev.Plg.

PROGRAM STUDI PERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
2006
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MANAGEMENT NEEDS DECISIONS

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 Management
Scientific
Information
Community
Input
Government &
Models &
Legislative /
Other Stakeholder
Inputs Plans
Regulatory
Requirements Phase I
Monitoring Program
Synthesise the Total
for Implementation
Environment
Local & Management.
Background
Information Phase III
Implementation &
Initial Draft EMP & Management.
Scientific Program.

Statistical
Analysis

Final EMP
Phase II
Review Key Indicators
(Including Community & Stakeholder Input) Key Activities, Procedures, Time Scales
Program Review process/structure.

Final Draft EMP

Critical Critical
Stakeholder Environmental
Components Components

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 Sustainable Management of Coastal
Estuaries & Catchments.

Strategic Management Plan

Objectives Who are the stakeholders &

interest groups?

What are the overall goals

of the plan?

What are the specific goals

for each key aspect?

DIFFERENT
MANAGEMENT
Resources Audit Environmental resources -
water, land, flora fauna,
ecosystem diversity etc.
Review,

STYLES Human resource - expertise Re-assessment,

and intellectual base for Re-iteration.
management, data
collection, & interpretation.

Utilities or Hardware
resources - including
drainage sys., supply, other
infrastructure.

Resource character - incl.

flexibility, any dynamic
aspects.

Strategy Scenario Building

Development
Cost Benefit Analysis

Risk Assessment

Strategy Review, New iterations include

Monitoring, & consideration of the above
aspects where relevant.
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Update.
 Sustainable Management of Coastal
Estuaries & Catchments.

Strategic Management Plan

Objectives Who are the stakeholders & Stakeholders Mapping

interest groups?

What are the overall goals

Conceptual Model
of the plan?
Defining Critical Issue Model
What are the specific goals Problem Stratified Model
for each key aspect?
Conceptual Model

Conceptual Model, EMSS Æ Catchments Model Analysis, Land

Resources Audit Environmental resources -
water, land, flora fauna,
ecosystem diversity etc.
Human resource - expertise
and intellectual base for
management, data
collection, & interpretation.
Utilities or Hardware
resources - including
drainage sys., supply, other
infrastructure.
Resource character - incl.
flexibility, any dynamic
aspects.
Suitability Analysis, Environment Impacts Assessments, Threshold
Analysis, Carrying Capacity, Environment standards and
guidelines, Remote sensing and GIS, Maximum Sustainable Yield.
Review,
Re-assessment, Economic : LQ, Shift share, Economic Indicators Data, Economic
Valuation, PDRB, Input-Output Model
Re-iteration.
Social : Local Institution Analysis,
Demography : Inhabitant Density, Distribution, Projection, and
Age structure.
Cultural : Community Mapping, Participation Rural Appraisal,
Supply and Demand Analysis, Standard Analysis, Mapping
Analysis, GIS
Pollution Control, Linear Programming, Expert Choice, Land Use
Analysis, Service Area Analysis

Strategy Scenario Building

Development SWOT Analysis, Feasibility Assessment, Cost Benefit Analysis,
Cost Benefit Analysis Social Cost Benefit Analysis, Risk Assessment,

Risk Assessment

Overlaying Analysis
Strategy Review, New iterations include
Monitoring, & consideration of the above
aspects where relevant.
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Update.
EXAMPLES OF DECISION
SUPPORT SYSTEM

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STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS SCHEME

Stakeholder Mapping:
ƒResource
ƒContribution
ƒInput
ƒRole and Accessibility Participatory
Planning

Rule of Thumb of
Stakeholder Analysis
ƒInvolvement
ƒRelevant
ƒGender Sensitivity

Identification
Techniques
ƒInterview
Everyone who has interests
ƒQuestioner
or affected by management
is called STAKEHOLDER

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 STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS STAGING

• Issues’ formulation
• Long listing of Stakeholders
• Stakeholders Mapping
• Verification Analysis
• Stakeholders Approaches
• Mobilization Strategy Formulation
• Maintaining the stakeholder participation

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STAKEHOLDERS MAPPING

Pengaruh Pengaruh
Rendah Tinggi
Kepentingan Kelompok stakeholder yang Kelompok yang bermanfaat
rendah paling rendah prioritasnya untuk merumusan atau
menjembatani keputusan dan
opini
Kepentingan Kelompok Stakeholder yang Kelompok stakeholder yang
tinggi penting namun barangkali paling kritis
perlu pemberdayaan

Sumber: adaptasi dari Tools to Support

Participatory Urban Decision Making, UNCHS Habitat, Kenya, 2001

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 CONCEPTUAL MODELS
Surface run-off Groundwater Tide
Atmospheric

Depth
Hydrology/Diffuse
Sources Temp Suspended load

Humics
Turbidity
Light Point Sources

Nutrients &
Trace Elements Hydrodynamics .

Salinity
Initiation,
propagation
Sediments/Substrate Consumption/
Removal

Biomass

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CONCEPTUAL MODELS
Plantivorous Carnivorous
fish fish
Macro- (net)
zooplankton
Phytoplankton

Micro-
zooplankton

POM
DOM

Baceria

Benthic filter
feeders

Micro-
phytobenthos

Demersal fish

Benthic
Mangroves macrofauna

Macroalgae Meiofauna

Sediment
Sea grasses POM
DOM
Dugongs,
Baceria Turtles

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CONCEPTUAL MODELS

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 DEFINING THE CRITICAL ISSUES

Proposition
Tested • Dichotomous keys
No Yes
• Conceptual models
• Bayesian networks
• Dynamic models
No Yes

Outcome
No Yes Result

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 Devise & evaluate management
options (incl. modelling of catchment loads)
Reduce point source loads
Sewage
Treatment
•Using catchment models e.g.
Plants EMSS

Reduce rural stormwater loads

DNRM

Reduce urban stormwater loads

Bennett & Fearon (2002) ADJIE © 2006

 Modelling of impacts of catchment loads
on receiving water quality

Using receiving WQ models e.g. RWQM2

2000 2020

Chl a µg/L
0.00 - 0.50
>0.50 - 1.00
>1.00 - 2.00
>2.00 - 5.00
> 5.00

•Predicted Chlorophyll a
Bennett & Fearon (2002) Concentrations in Moreton Bay

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LINEAR PROGRAMMING

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DYNAMIC SYSTEMS MODELS:

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 SWOT ANALYSIS
FAKTOR EKSTERNAL
PELUANG ( O ) ANCAMAN ( T )
ANALISA TRATEGI KEBIJAKAN 1 Globalisasi dan Pasar Bebas 1 Persaingan antar Kab / Kota
2 Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah 2 Sikap pragmatis masyarakat
PENATAAN RUANG KOTA SURABAYA YANG 3 Kebutuhan adanya Jaringan antar kota / kab 3 Perenc. Pemb. memunculkan Spekulan
AKOMODATIF, 4 Membaiknya Perekonomian nasional 4 Tuntutan keterbukaan dan kebebasan
IMPLEMENTATIF, 5 Menjaga integrasi wilayah NKRI 5 Pembangunan berpihak pada Pemodal
BERKELANJUTAN DAN Arah perkembangan kota memungkinkan 6 Kuatnya pengaruh politik pada kebijak. Pemb.
BERJATI DIRI 6
perwujudan struktur kota 7 Semakin besarnya Urbanisasi

K STRATEGI ( S - O ) STRATEGI ( S – T )
E 1 Surabaya kota Pahlawan / bersejarah (nasional)
F
K 2 Memiliki kekhasan sosial budaya (arek) • Memberikan peran yang nyata dan struktural pada • Memperkuat keterpaduan antara penataan ruang
A
U 3 Partisipasi Masyarakat meningkat masyarakat dalam penataan ruang dengan kebijakan politik yang berpihak pada
K A 4 Dominasi kegiatan ekonomi kota pada lingkup Prop • Menjadikan kekhasan kota sebagai daya tarik kerja masyarakat
T T 5 Infrastruktur kota cukup memadai sama antar kota dan investasi • Memberikan insentif dan disinsentif yang jelas
O A 6 Ketersediaan produk perencanaan Tata Ruang • Memperkuat ruang ekonomi secara regional dan pada pelaku pembangunan
R N nasional. • Kerjasama antar kota / kab pada pengembangan
• Memfokuskan pembangunan kota pada ruang dengan pendekatan kekuatan bersama
I (S) perwujudan struktur kota.
N K STRATEGI ( W - O ) STRATEGI ( W - O )
T E 1 Ketersediaan anggaran pembangunan terbatas
E L 2 Pemahaman warga thd TR belum memadai • Efisiensi dan prioritas penanganan pada yang • Memperkuat sistem pengawasan dan kontrol
R E 3 Konsistensi penerapan Renc. Masih lemah memiliki multiplier effect yang melibatkan masyarakat
N M 4 Pemahaman aparat thd TR masih lemah • Menjadikan aspek keruangan sebagai tolok ukur • Memperjelas ketentuan-ketentuan pembangunan
A 5 Sistem kelembagaan penataan Ruang belum siap pembangunan sektoral (per dinas/instansi). yang bersifat fleksibel / dinamis dan yang kaku.
A
H 6 Lemahnya aspek legal (hukum) penataan ruang • Menyiapkan mekanisme legal dari proses • Pendanaan pembangunan kota dilakukan
L
A 7 Konflik pemanfaatan ruang penataan ruang kota. dengan pendekatan investasi
N 8 Pemusatan penyediaan fasilitas kota • Menyiapkan mekanisme legal untuk menarik
(W) 9 Semakin sedikitnya Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) inevstasi di pusat-pusat pertumbuhan baru.

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