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An early effort by the Government of Malaysia to promote usage of Industrialised Building System
(IBS) and develop an Open Building System (OBS) concept as an alternative to conventional and
labor intensive construction method has yet to make a headway. Although members of the industry
are open to the idea, a major portion of the industry stakeholders are indifferent, perhaps due
to resistance towards change, insufficient information and lack of technology transfer method to
support feasibility of change to IBS. In this case, it has proven that it is difficult to introduce new
technologies and method in the construction sector when compared to other sectors. According to
Hervas et. al (2007) construction sector is known as a traditional sector that can be characterised as
reluctant and even resistant to change.
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BS is defined as a construction for every aspect of construction to a analysis and the development of
system in which components are system that make use of manufacturing standardized components.
manufactured in a factory, on or production in order to minimize
off site, positioned and assembled resource wastage and enhance value History of IBS in Malaysia
into structure with minimal additional for end users. Junid (1986), identified
site work (CIDB, 2003). Dietz, A.G.H IBS as a process by which components IBS began in early 1960s when Ministry
(1971) earlier defined IBS as total of a building are conceived, planned of Housing and Local Government
integration of all subsystem and and fabricated, transported and erected of Malaysia visited several European
components into overall process fully at site. The system includes a balanced countries and evaluate their housing
utilizing industrialized production, combination between software and development program. (Thanoon et
transportation and assembly hardware component. The software al, 2003). After their successful visit
techniques. Lessing et al, (2005) defined element include system design, which in the year 1964, the Government
IBS as an integrated manufacturing and is a complex process of studying the had launched pilot project on IBS
construction process with well planned requirement of the end user, market to speed up the delivery time and
organization for efficient management,
preparation and control over resources
used, activities and results supported
by the used of highly developed
components. Trikha (1999) defined as a
system in which concrete components
prefabricated at site or in factory are
assembly to form the structure with
minimum in situ construction. IBS is
also defined as a set of interrelated
element that act together to enable
the designated performance of the
building (Warszawski, 1999). Parid
Wardi (1997) defined IBS as a system
which uses industrialised production
techniques either in the production
of components or assembly of the
building or both. Esa and Nurudin
(1998) asserted that IBS is a continuum
beginning from utilizing craftsmen LRT station
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establishment of IBS Centre at Jalan industrialisation of the construction in the area of IBS moulds and casts,
Chan Sow Lin, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. sector and the longer term objective and assembly of components,
The obligation to implement IBS of Open Building Systems concept. It ● I B S t e s t i n g a n d e v a l u a t i o n
serves both to improve performance has been five years since the launching programme,
and quality in construction, as well as of the Roadmap and more than ● Vendor development programme,
to minimize dependency on unskilled half-way the target of industrialising ● Readiness of designers and
foreign labour in the construction construction. It is pertinent to examine consultant practices, quality control,
market. the progress and how close we are production of standard components
to the completion of the mission. in the field of IBS.
Shortcomings of IBS More importantly, it is imperative to
evaluate whether the implementation Realising the implementation of IBS is
CIDB published the IBS Roadmap 2003- of the roadmap has met the market still to make headway, CIDB through
2010 which detailed the needs and response to the IBS programme. Most Construction Research Institute of
requirements of Malaysian construction policy issues have been resolved Malaysia (CREAM) has taken the
industry. This roadmap was endorsed and implemented, while all relevant initiative to conduct three workshops
by Cabinet on October 29, 2003. The documents required to support the for the industr y. After lengthy
Roadmap is a comprehensive document programme have been developed. In deliberation with stakeholders, it was
that divided the IBS programme into particular, activities under the charge concluded that the factors contributing
the five main focus areas that reflect the of CIDB are all meeting their deadlines. to the delay of IBS implementation are
inputs needed to drive the programme, Notwithstanding these achievements, as follows:
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● It is not popular choice among appropriate training for Bumiputra ● Below 10% IBS construction
design consultants contractors involvement by Bumiputra
● L a c k o f k n o w l e d g e a m o n g ● Low off-site manufacturing of contractors
designers construc tion components to ● Mismatch between readiness of
● The need for mindset change with guarantee quality, mechanization industries and IBS targets by CIDB
proper education and standardization ● The cost depends on volume and
● Costing – chicken and egg ● To consider IBS design that promote types of projects
problem energy conservation ● Ear thquake resistant design
● Joints are not standardised making for assembly and erection of buildings (base isolation and rubber
it hard to design as the designs are components damping systems)
fixed by a particular manufacturer ● Lack of special equipment and ● No standard joint developed for
A combination of integrated
approaches and long term strategic
partnering with stakeholders tackling
specific agenda on IBS’ 5M strategies
are the way forward. Well co-ordinated
and planned R&D themes and titles
discussed in earlier section have to
be implemented simultaneously with
all players. CREAM shall take the
following actions as a prerequisite to
expedite the success of the roadmap
implementation with respect to IBS:
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● The involvement of universities, These shall include verification, will add value and expedite the
companies, organisations and research validation and certification of process implementation process.
institutes right from the onset of any on IBS components, fabricator,
IBS R&D project, factory, erector and related skills of
Acknowledgement
specialization,
● Participation and inclusion of IBS in
We would like to thank Malaysian
JKR building design, i.e. JKR IBS Design ● A technology transfer model via
IBS Steering Committee Session
must be incorporated in its Rekabentuk knowledge management adapted
2003-2005 and IBS Centre for their
Bangunan Piawai for Government from EU, Japan and Singapore
support and assistance.
quarters, schools and Government best practices in implementing IBS
administrative offices. (CREAM should
discuss this matter further with JKR on
any issues related to R&D). References
● Malaysian standard joints for IBS CIDB (2003), IBS Roadmap 2003-2010, CIDB publication
(wet or dry) must be designed and
made available for use by industry, CIDB (2003), Construction Industry Master Plan 2006-2015, CIDB publication
● CREAM initiatives to lead Centre of CREAM (2007), Strategic Management of R&D in IBS unpublished documentation
Research Excellence on IBS and act as by CREAM
One Stop Centre for R&D are critical as
CREAM (2007), Workshop on aligning R&D themes and titles to the requirement
this moves will consolidate the effort
of construction industry unpublished report by CREAM
to centralize and identify issues and
problems first hand from industry,
CIDB, (2003), National IBS Survey, 2003, CIDB publication
● The formation of R&D laboratory
Dietz, A.G.H (1971) as stated in Jaafar, S., et al (2003), Global Trends in Research,
and CORE for IBS is urgent and CREAM
Development and Construction, proceeding of The International conference
should initiate and take the lead,
On Industrilised Building System (IBS 2003), CIDB
● CREAM is to apply for double Din, (1984), Industrilised building and its application in Malaysia, proceeding
deduction status to expedite on Seminar on Prefabrication Building Construction.
participation from private entities as
they will also benefit in getting tax Esa and Nurudin (1998), Policy on industrilised building system, report on
rebates when contributing research qollocium on industrilised construction system, Kuala Lumpur.
funds,
Hervas et. al (2007), as stated in Kazi, S., (2007), Open Building Manufacturing
● Open Building System must – Core Concept and Industrial Requirement, Manubuild Consortium.
be competitive in terms of cost,
performance and quality as compared Junid, S., (1986), Industrilised Building System. Proceeding of UNESCO/FEISEAP
to proprietary system and conventional regional workshop.
methods in order to be sustainable in
the construction market, Lessing et al, (2005), as stated in Kazi, S., (2007), Open Building Manufacturing
– Core Concept and Industrial Requirement, Manubuild Consortium.
● Not reinventing the wheel on R&D
but to focus on IBS applied research, Parid Wardi (1997), as stated in Jaafar, S., et al (2003), Global Trends in Research,
Development and Construction, proceeding of The International conference
● Soft issues related to IBS On Industrilised Building System (IBS 2003), CIDB
such as marketing, social impact,
involvement of Bumiputra contractors Thanoon et al, (2003), An assessment of the industrilised building system in
in vendor development programme as Malaysia, Proceeding on IBS Seminar, UPM, Malaysia
highlighted in the roadmap should be
taken on board at the early stage, Trikha (1999), Industrilised building system: prospect in Malaysia. Proceeding of
World Engineering Congress, Kuala Lumpur.
● A complete comprehensive study on
IBS solutions encompassing the entire Warszawski, (1999), Industrilised and automated building system, Technion-Israel
value chain will ensure its success. Institute of Technology, E & FN Spon
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