Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
O BJECTIVES 2
E XPERIMENT P ROCEDURE 2
W ORKSHEET 4
S AMPLE C ALCULATION 5
P LOT OF G RAPHS 6
D ISCUSSION 8
C ONCLUSION 10
1
O BJECTIVES
A pump is a device used to move fluids, such as liquids, gases or slurries. A centrifugal
pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the pressure of a
fluid. In order to select a pump for a particular application and use it effectively, it’s
necessary to know the pump characteristics.
The purposes of this experiment are:
a) To determine the pump characteristics Head , Pressure and efficiency versus
Flow Rate at given speed (2100 rpm and 1800 rpm).
b) To verify the speed laws: and for the same pump.
E XPERIMENT P ROCEDURE
The test rig consists a centrifugal pump drives by variable speed DC motor and the
closed-loop piping system.
The flow rate is controlled by a valve installed after the pressure pipe section and is
measured by a digital flow meter.
2
The head across the pump is measured by the pressure gauges at suction and
discharge pipe section.
The power of electric motor is measured by balancing the torque arm attached to the
stator which develops an equal and opposite torque to the rotor.
P ROCEDURE OF E XPERIMENT
1) Make sure the valve is fully closed, turn on the control panel power, and then press
the [Start] button on motor controller.
2) Adjust the frequency knob on motor controller to set the motor speed at approx. 2100
rpm.
3) Adjust the hand wheel links to fixed end of tension gauge until the marking on
moving part of tension gauge is aligned with indicator, record down the force
measured by tension gauge.
4) Take readings from Suction Pressure gauge and Discharge Pressure gauge. Usually
the dial of Suction Pressure gauge is oscillating, so the reading only can be estimated
base on average value.
5) Record down the flow rate displayed on digital flow meter.
6) Open the valve until the Discharge Pressure gauge reading is approx. 0.3 kgf/cm2,
fine tune the motor speed to initial rpm setting if necessary. Record down the
readings described in step 3) to 5).
7) Repeat above test for Discharge Pressure gauge reading at 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 kgf/cm2.
8) Repeat the whole test with another motor speed setting (1800 rpm). In this test, the
Discharge Pressure setting will be 0 (Fully open), 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 (Fully
close) kgf/cm2.
9) When test is finished, fully close the valve, adjust the motor speed to zero and then
turn off control panel power.
3
W ORK S HEET
N1 = 2110 (rpm) = 221.06 (rad/s) (Note: Pump speed N should be maintained constant for different valve settings)
Valve Setting M (kg) Suction Discharge Pressure Volume Flow Input Shaft Output Efficiency,,
Pressure, Pin Pressure, Head Rate, Q, m3/hr Power, Ps, Power, Pw, (%)
(kgf/cm2) Pout (kgf/cm2) (kgf/cm2) (KW) (KW)
N2 = 1808 (rpm) = 189.33(rad/s) (Note: Pump speed N should be maintained constant for different valve settings)
Valve Setting M (kg) Suction Discharge Pressure Volume Flow Input Shaft Output Efficiency,,
Pressure, Pin Pressure, Head Rate, Q, m3/hr Power, Ps, Power, Pw, (%)
(kgf/cm2) Pout (kgf/cm2) (kgf/cm2) (KW) (KW)
4
S AMPLE CALCULATION
Note: The sample calculation is based on 2111 rpm and Fully Open condition
1. Pressure head:
( ) ( ( ))
⁄ ⁄
2. Input Power
3. Output Power
4. Pump efficiency
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
5
P LOT OF G R APHS
a) Graph 1 – Plot H (m), Ps (kW) and versus Q (m3/s) for both speed of the pump.
14
2111 rpm
12 1808 rpm
10
Head H (m)
2
Flow Rate Q (m3/s)
0
0.0000 0.0003 0.0005 0.0008 0.0010 0.0013 0.0015 0.0018 0.0020
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Flow Rate Q (m3/s)
0
0.0000 0.0003 0.0005 0.0008 0.0010 0.0013 0.0015 0.0018 0.0020
6
0.40 Effeciency vs. Flow Rate
0.25
Effeciency
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
Flow Rate Q (m3/s)
0.00
0.0000 0.0003 0.0005 0.0008 0.0010 0.0013 0.0015 0.0018 0.0020
b) Graph 2 – Plot versus for both speeds and verify the performance law of a fluid
machinery.
0.0025 CQ vs CH
2111 rpm
0.0020 1808 rpm
CH : Head Coefficient
0.0015
0.0010
0.0005
CQ : Flow Coefficient
0.0000
0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120
7
c) Graph 3 – Plot H (m) vs. Q (m3/s) for both speed and verify the speed law by
predicting one curve from the other.
14
12
10
Head H (m)
D ISCUSSION
8
d) When plot the points on the same graph, the predicted result is quite close to
actual measurement result especially for lower speed setting (1808 rpm).
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Flow Rate Q (m3/s)
0
0.0000 0.0003 0.0005 0.0008 0.0010 0.0013 0.0015 0.0018 0.0020
9
5. Comment predicted H (m) vs. Q (m3/s) graph.
C ONCLUSION
After the experiment, I have better understanding about the pump characteristic curves,
and I felt satisfy about the experiment data as it matched with theoretical data quite well.
However, I believe the test rig can be further improved in some area to reduce the
experimental error, for instance:
The dial of suction pressure gauge is always oscillating during experiment which
greatly reduced the accuracy of read out,
The DC motor speed control knob is very sensitive to adjust, hence it’s difficult
to maintain the motor speed at a constant value throughout the whole experiment.
The tension gauge is not installed in a convenience location, which might cause
parallax error when try to align the marking to indicator.
Lastly, the suction pressure gauge and the discharge pressure gauge are installed
far away from flow control valve, which is inconvenience to monitor the reading
while adjusting the valve opening.
10