2.1.1.

Manually entering your network settings

If you don't have DHCP on your network then you can configure a static
connection. You will need to enter the network settings yourself, so
check with your network administrator or look at your router's
settings to find out which details to use.

1.

Right click the Network Manager icon in the system n

otification
area and click Edit Connections.

2.

Click the Wired tab, select the connection

and click Edit.

3.

Click the IPv4 Settings tab and choose

Manual from the
Method drop down list.

4.

Click Add and enter your IP address and

other details. Enter the address of your DNS server
too.

5.

Click Apply. The network should now

connect if you entered the settings correctly.

Information about your connection

* Internet and Networks

Right click the Network Manager icon and click

Connection Information to view details about your
connection. This is where you can find the IP address, DNS servers,
MAC address and speed of your connection.
If you have a network connection which is not working properly, you can use a fe
w tools to help
diagnose what the problem is.
Most of the tools in this section require use of the Terminal, which you can ope
n by pressing
Applications ▸ Accessories ▸ Terminal.
* 5.1.1. Get information about the current connection
* 5.1.2. Check if a connection is working properly
5.1.1. Get information about the current connection
ifconfig is intended to allow you to change the settings of your
network connections, but it can also be used to list inf
ormation about the current connection.
1.
Press Applications ▸ Accessories ▸ Terminal to open a Terminal
2.

Type ifconfig eth1 in the Terminal and press Enter, replacing eth1 with th
e name of your network interface if it is different.

* inet addr gives the current IP address of the connection

* HWaddr gives the MAC address of your network device

5.1.2. Check if a connection is working properly

A good way of checking if a connection is working properly is to ping another co
mputer on the network or the Internet.
To check if you are connected to the Internet:
1.
Press System ▸ Administration ▸ Network Tools
2.
Select the Ping tab
3.
Type ubuntu.com into the Network address box and then press Ping
4.

After a while, a graph should appear. Look at the number for Successful pa
ckets under Transmission Statistics

* 100% successful packets - Your computer should have a good connectio

n to the Internet
* Less than 100% successful - Your computer probably has a poor connec
tion to the Internet or a poor wireless signal
* 0% successful packets - Your computer has a very bad connection, or
is connected to an access point or router which is not connected to the Internet

If you get an error message which says The address 'ubuntu.com' cannot be found,
then your computer is probably not connected to the Internet or cannot reach a
DNS server.

Identifying your modem

* Internet and Networks
* Modems
Most dialup modems are not supported by Ubuntu, but drivers can be found that wi
ll enable the use of some such modems. First you need to identify what chipset y
our dialup modem is:
1.

Download scanmodem (http://linmodems.technion.ac.il/packages/scanModem.gz)

using a computer with an Internet connection.

2.

Copy the downloaded file to the Home folder of the computer with the dialu
p modem you wish to use.

3.

Open a Terminal (Applications ▸ Accessories ▸ Terminal) and type the following

commands, pressing Enter after each line:

gunzip -c scanModem.gz > scanModem

chmod +x scanModem
sudo ./scanModem
gedit Modem/ModemData.txt

4.
 A file containing information on the chipsets used by any detected modems
should open. Print or save the information.

Much more detailed information is available on the community wiki.

Connecting with a modem

* Internet and Networks
* Modems
NetworkManager doesn't currently support modem connections, so you will need to
install the gnome-network-admin package.
If you have no working Internet connection, then you will need t
o obtain this package and install it, see Downloading and installing a .deb pack
age for more information.

You will need to know the following information:

ISP Phone Number; Username; Password; Domain Name Server (DNS) addresses.

1.
Open System ▸ Administration ▸ Network
2.
Press Unlock and type your password to unlock the settings
3.
Select the Connections tab.
4.
Select Point to point connection and press Properties.
5.
Tick Enable this connection
6.
Choose Serial Modem from the Connection Type drop down.
7.
Under Internet Service Provider data, enter the phone number and dial pref
ix.
8.
Under Account Data enter your password and username.
9.
Click the Modem tab.
 10.
Choose the modem settings you require.
11.
Click OK.
12.
Select the DNS tab and enter the DNS addresses of your ISP.
13.
Click Close.

FTP
* Internet and Networks
* Connect to a server
1. Click Places ▸ Connect to Server....
2. From Service Type choose Public FTP for an
anonymous connection or FTP (With Login) if you have a u
sername.
3. Enter the server address in Server, for example ftp.ubuntu.com.
4. Enter Port and Folder if you need to, this is optional.
5. If you chose FTP (With Login) you will also need to enter a username.
6. If you want a bookmark, click the checkbox and enter a bookmark name.
7. Click Connect.
8. If you chose FTP (With Login) you will be prompted for a password.

SSH
* Internet and Networks
* Connect to a server
1. Click Places ▸ Connect to Server....
2. From Service Type choose SSH.
3. Enter the server address in Server.
4. Enter Port and Folder if you need to, this is optional.
5. Enter Username.
6. If you want a bookmark, click the checkbox and enter a bookmark name.
7. Click Connect.
8. You will be prompted for a password.

Windows Share
* Internet and Networks
* Connect to a server
1. Click Places ▸ Connect to Server....
2. From Service Type choose Windows Share.
3. Enter the server address in Server.
4. Enter Port and Folder and Domain if you need to, this is optional.
5. Enter Username. You can enter a domain and username in the format DOMAIN\u
sername.
6. If you want a bookmark, click the checkbox and enter a bookmark name.
7. Click Connect.
8. You will be prompted for a password if necessary.

WebDAV (HTTP)
* Internet and Networks
* Connect to a server
1. Click Places ▸ Connect to Server....
2. From Service Type choose WebDAV (HTTP).
3. Enter the server address in Server.
4. Enter Port and Folder and Username if you need to, this is optional.
5. If you want a bookmark, click the checkbox and enter a bookmark name.
6. Click Connect.
7. You will be prompted for a password if necessary.

Custom
* Internet and Networks
* Connect to a server
1. Click Places ▸ Connect to Server....
2. From Service Type choose Custom.
3. Enter the server address in Location (URI).
4. If you want a bookmark, click the checkbox and enter a bookmark name.
5. Click Connect.

Home Networks
* Internet and Networks
This section provides instructions on how to communicate with other computers us
ing a Local Area Network.
* 8.1. View other computers on the network
* 8.2. Share files and folders with other computers

View other computers on the network

* Internet and Networks
* Home Networks
To view computers on the network, open Places ▸ Network.
You may need to enter a username, password, and domain. You should obtain these
from your network
administrator where necessary. The username and password will no
rmally be the username and password for
a user of the computer on which you are trying to connect.
The domain can often be left blank.
See Navigating Remote Servers for more information.

To Access Network Places

* Desktop User Guide
* Working with Files
* Navigating Remote Servers
If your system is configured
to access places on a network, you can use the file manager to access the
network places.
To access network places, open the file manager and choose Places ▸ Network Server
s. A window opens that displays the network places that you
can access. Double-click on the network that you want to access.
To
access UNIX shares, double-click on the Unix Network (NFS)
object. A list of the UNIX shares available to you is displayed in the file
manager window.
To access Windows shares, double-click on the Windows
Network (SMB) object. A list of the Windows shares available to
you is displayed in the file manager window.

Share files and folders with other computers

* Internet and Networks
* Home Networks
You can share files and folders with other people on your network through Shared
Folders or Nautilus.
* 8.2.1. Sharing folders via the Shared Folders application
* 8.2.2. Sharing folders via Nautilus
* 8.2.3. Accessing shared folders via Windows
* 8.2.4. Problems connecting to shared folders in Windows
8.2.1. Sharing folders via the Shared Folders application
To share folders using the Shared Folders application:
1.

Press Applications ▸ Accessories ▸ Terminal to open a Terminal.

2.
 Type shares-admin and press Enter to open Shared Folders.

3.

You may receive a message which says Sharing services are not installed. I
f this happens, ensure that the two checkboxes in the message box are checked an
d press Install services. Sharing service support will then be downloaded and in
stalled; this may take a while.

4.

Press the button and enter your password in the Password field.

5.

Press the Authenticate button.

6.

Select the Shared Folders tab and press Add.

7.

Select the location of the folder you wish to share by changing the Path o
ption.

8.

Choose Windows networks (SMB) from the Share through option.

9.

Enter a name and comment for the shared folder.

10.
 If you would like people accessing the shared folder to be able to add, ch
ange and remove files in the folder, uncheck Read only. If you leave Read only c
hecked, people will only be able to view files in the folder.

11.

Press Share to make the shared folder available. Other people on the same
network (LAN) as you should now be able to access the folder.

See the Shared Folders Administration Tool manual for more information on managi
ng network shares.
8.2.2. Sharing folders via Nautilus
To share folders using Nautilus:
1.

Press Places ▸ Computer to open a File Browser window.

2.

Right click the folder you wish to share and select Sharing Options on the
popup menu.

3.

Check Share this folder in the Folder Sharing window. You may change the S
hare name field if you want to use a different share name.

4.

You may receive a message which says Sharing services are not installed. I
f this happens, ensure that the two checkboxes in the message box are checked an
d press Install services. Sharing service support will then be downloaded and in
stalled; this may take a while.

5.
 Select Allow other people to write in this folder if you wish to allow oth
ers to add, change, and remove files in this folder. If you leave this box unche
cked, other people will only be able to view files in this folder. You may also
fill in the Comment field.

6.

Select Guest access (for people without a user account) if you wish to all
ow guest users to access your files.

7.

Press Create share to make the shared folder available.

8.

You may receive a message stating that Nautilus needs to add some permissi
ons to the folder in order to share it. If this happens, press Add the permissio
ns automatically.

9.

Other people on the same network (LAN) as you should now be able to access
the folder.

You may receive a message which says You do not have permission to create a user
share. If this happens, contact your system administrator or configure the Folde
r sharing service (samba).
See the Shared Folders Administration Tool manual for more information on managi
ng network shares.
8.2.3. Accessing shared folders via Windows
If you would like to access a shared folder hosted on an Ubuntu computer by usin
g computers running Windows, you may have to perform some additional steps:
1.

Press Applications ▸ Accessories ▸ Terminal to open a Terminal.

2.
 Type sudo smbpasswd -a username, replacing “username” with your own username.
Press Enter to run the command.

You can find out what your username is by typing whoami into the Terminal
and then pressing Enter.

3.

Enter your password when prompted with “[sudo] password for username:” and pre
ss Enter again.

4.

When prompted with “New SMB password:”, enter the password that you would like
to use to access the shared folder and then press Enter. You can leave the pass
word blank, which will allow anyone to access the shared folder.

5.

When prompted with “Retype new SMB password:”, enter the password that you jus
t entered and then press Enter.

6.

You should now be able to connect to the shared folders on the Ubuntu comp
uter.

8.2.4. Problems connecting to shared folders in Windows

If you are unable to connect to a shared folder using Windows, try using the IP
address of the Ubuntu computer rather than its host name to access the share:
1.
 Press System ▸ Administration ▸ Network Tools and select the Devices tab.

2.

Select the name of your network connection from the Network device option
list (for example, “eth0”). If you have several network connections, you may have to
try this several times.

3.

Make a note of the number in the IP address column. It should consist of f

our numbers separated by dots (for example, “192.168.2.10”)

4.

On the Windows computer, select Start ▸ Run and type \\ipaddress in the text
box, replacing “ipaddress” with the IP address of the Ubuntu computer

5.

Press OK to connect to the shared folder.

The folder sharing service in Ubuntu that supports sharing with Windows computer
s is called Samba.
The background process, or daemon, is ca
lled smbd.

If you are still unable to access the shared folder, check that the folder shari
ng service is running on the Ubuntu computer.
In a terminal, run:
service smbd status
You should see an output like:
smbd start/running, process 123
If the service is stopped, you will see:
smbd stop/waiting
If you find that the service is stopped, try starting the service:
sudo service smbd start
More information can be found on the Ubuntu community help pages.

Internet Applications
* Internet and Networks
This section provides information on using common Internet applications, such as
web browsers and email clients.
* 9.1. Web browsing with Firefox
* 9.2. Send and receive emails
* 9.3. Instant Messaging
* 9.4. Other Internet applications
* 9.5. Design web pages

Web browsing with Firefox

* Internet and Networks
* Internet Applications
The powerful and secure Mozilla Firefox web browser is included in Ubuntu. Firef
ox features tabbed browsing, pop-up blocking, built-in search, and live bookmark
s. Also supported are popular plug-ins such as Java, Flash, and RealPlayer.
Firefox can be launched by clicking Applications ▸ Internet ▸ Firefox Web Browser.
* 9.1.1. Get addons for your Firefox
* 9.1.2. Changing the default font size
9.1.1. Get addons for your Firefox
Addons extend Firefox's capabilities, such as automatically removing adverts or
altering
the behaviour of menus.
To view a list of currently-installed plugins in the Firefox Web Browser
, open Applications ▸ Internet ▸ Firefox Web Browser and cli
ck Tools ▸ Add-ons.
* 9.1.1.1. Quickly install common plugins
* 9.1.1.2. Audio and video plugins
* 9.1.1.3. Flash multimedia plugin
* 9.1.1.4. Java browser plugin
9.1.1.1. Quickly install common plugins
It is possible to install a whole set of commonly-used restricted plugins at onc
e, by installing the Ubuntu restricted extras package.
Restricted plugins are those which cannot be distributed with Ubuntu because of
legal issues surrounding their use in some countries. Check that you are allowed
to use this software before installing it. See the Ubuntu website for more info
rmation on restricted software.
Click here to install the ubuntu-restricted-extras package.
As well as plugins and multimedia codecs, a set of Windows fonts will also be in
stalled.
The following plugins and codecs are installed by the Ubuntu restricted extras p
ackage:
* flashplugin-installer
* gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
* gstreamer0.10-pitfdll
* gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad
* gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse
* gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly
* gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse
* libavcodec-extra-52
* libmp4v2-0
* sun-java6-plugin
* ttf-mscorefonts-installer
* unrar
9.1.1.2. Audio and video plugins
Many different multimedia formats are used on the Internet and you may find that
you are unable to play some audio and video files without installing an appropr
iate plugin.
Quicktime, Real, WMV and many others are available.
1. Open Applications ▸ Ubuntu Software Center.
2. Click Sound & Video.
3. Double click each plugin or application you require and click Install.
4. You are asked for a password, then the plugin is downloaded.
9.1.1.3. Flash multimedia plugin
Click here to install the flashplugin-installer package.
9.1.1.4. Java browser plugin
Some websites use small Java programs, which require a Java plugin to be install
ed in order to run.
Click here to install the sun-java6-plugin package.
9.1.2. Changing the default font size
If you find that the size of text in Firefox is too small to read comfortably, y
ou can increase the default font size.
1. Press Edit ▸ Preferences and select the Content tab
2. Under Fonts & Colors, change the Size to a larger number (around 20 tends
to be quite comfortable to read)
3. Text on web pages should immediately look larger. Press Close
To temporarily zoom in to a web page, which will increase its text size, press V
iew ▸ Zoom ▸ Zoom In. Alternatively, hold down the Ctrl key and scroll up with your
mouse's scroll wheel, or press Ctrl++.
If you wish to enlarge the text without enlarging the other page contents, make
sure the box at View ▸ Zoom ▸ Zoom Text Only is checked.
To return the page to its normal size, press View ▸ Zoom ▸ Reset, or press Ctrl+0.

kalaivanan@kalaivanan-desktop:~$ ifconfig eth1

eth1: error fetching interface information: Device not found
kalaivanan@kalaivanan-desktop:~$ ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:24:1d:f3:32:3b
inet6 addr: fe80::224:1dff:fef3:323b/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:238 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:30 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:41249 (41.2 KB) TX bytes:8796 (8.7 KB)
Interrupt:24 Base address:0x4000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:12 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:720 (720.0 B) TX bytes:720 (720.0 B)
kalaivanan@kalaivanan-desktop:~$ ^C
kalaivanan@kalaivanan-desktop:~$

W: Failed to fetch http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/f/ffmpeg/libavu

til49_0.5.1-1ubuntu1_i386.deb
Could not resolve 'in.archive.ubuntu.com'

W: Failed to fetch http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libg/libgsm/lib

gsm1_1.0.13-3_i386.deb
Could not resolve 'in.archive.ubuntu.com'