Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Introduction
Productions
Chains of Derivations
α1 ⇒ α2 , α2 ⇒ α3 , . . . , αm−1 ⇒ αm .
G G G
∗
Then α1 ⇒ αm or α1 derives αm in grammar G.
G
∗
In other words, ⇒ is the reflexive, transitive closure of ⇒.
G G
∗
Alternatively, α ⇒ β if β follows from α by applications of
G
zero or more more productions of P.
i
If α derives β in exactly i steps, then we write α ⇒ β.
Context Free Languages and Pushdown Automata
Language Generated by G
Table of Instructions
Moves
Let us denote:
q and pi for all 1 ≤ i ≤ m as states;
a ∈ Σ is an input symbol;
Z ∈ Γ is a stack symbol;
γi ∈ Γ∗ for 1 ≤ i ≤ m are sequences of stack symbols;
Then δ(q, a, Z ) = {(p1 , γ1 ), (p2 , γ2 ), . . . , (pm , γm )} denotes that:
the PDA is in state q;
the input symbol is a;
the top symbol on the stack is Z ; and that
the automaton can enter state qi for all 1 ≤ i ≤ m;
replace symbol Z by γi ;
advance the input head one symbol.
The leftmost (rightmost) symbol of γi is placed highest
(lowest) on the stack.
Context Free Languages and Pushdown Automata
Moves (cont’d.)
The interpretation of
is that:
the PDA is in state q;
Z is the top symbol on the stack;
inpependent of the symbol being scanned, the PDA can
replace Z by γi for all 1 ≤ i ≤ m; and
enter state pi .
Context Free Languages and Pushdown Automata
Instantaneous Descriptions
Accepted Languages
Summary