Code No: R05322303 Set No.

1
III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2008
HEAT TRANSFER IN BIO PROCESSORS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
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1. A plate of thickness L and thermal conductivity k is exposed to a fluid at temper-

ature T α1 with a heat transfer coefficient h1 on one side and T α2 and h2 on the
other side. Determine the one-dimensional temperature distribution in the plate.
Assume steady state and constant conductivity. [16]
2. Pure ios-butane vapors are to be condensed at 331.7 K in a horizontal tubular heat
exchanger using water as a cooling media. Determine the inside film heat transfer
coefficient based on outside diameter of tube.
Outside diameter of tube = 19 mm
Wall thickness of tube = 1.6 mm
Inlet temperature of water = 301 K
Outlet temperature of water = 315 K
Water flow rate through each tube = 0.217 kg/s [16]
3. Calculate the rate of heat loss from cubical furnace installed on concrete floor. The
outside temperature of furnace wall is 353K (800 C) and the surrounding air tem-
perature is 293K (200 C). Sides of furnace is 1 m each. Neglect convection heat loss
from base of the furnace.

Data: The properties of air at mean film temperature of 323 K (500 C):

υ= 17.95 × 10−6 (m2 /s); k = 0.0283W/(m.K); NPr = 0.698;

[16]
Cp = 1005kJ/(kg.K)
4. Dry standard steam at 2.45 bar condenses on the surface of a vertical tube of length
1m. the tube surface is at 1170 C. Calculate

(a) Film thickness at a distance 0.2 m from upper end and local heat transfer
coefficient
(b) Average heat transfer coefficient is between 0 and 0.2 m. [16]
5. Describe the working of a single pass shell-and-tube heat exchanger with a neat
diagram. What are its applications in bioprocessing ? [16]
6. (a) What is Duhring’s rule?
(b) Find the BPR of a 20% sucrose solution using the equation
BPR = 0.51 m
where m is the molality of the solution. [8+8]

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Code No: R05322303 Set No. 1
7. (a) How do you describe the medium sterilization mathematically
(b) Describe graphically how does the number of spores vary with time in batch
sterilization ? [8+8]

8. Describe the effect of temperature on batch sterilization with necessary graphs.

[16]

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Code No: R05322303 Set No. 2
III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2008
HEAT TRANSFER IN BIO PROCESSORS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. The opposite faces of plane wall of thickness, x, are maintained at T1 and T2 . The
variation of thermal conductivity with temperatures is given by k = ko (1 + bT).
Derive the expression for heat flow Q through plane wall. Assume that T1 > T2 .
[16]

2. Air at 300K (270 C) and 101.325 kPa flows over a flat plate at a viscosity of 2 m/s.
Calculate the boundary layer thickness at a distance of 20 cm and 40 cm from the
leading edge of the plate. Also calculate the mass flow that the boundary layer
between x=20 cm and x=40 cm.
Data: Viscosity of air at 300 K = 1.85 x 10−5 kg/(m.s).
Assume unit depth in z-direction [16]

3. An old fashioned ice cream kit consists of two concentric cylinders of radii Ra and
Rb . The inner cylinder is filled with milk and ice cream ingredients while the space
between the two cylinders is filled with an ice-brine mixture. Ice cream begins to
form on the inner surface of the inner cylinder. To expedite the process, would you
recommend rotating the inner cylinder? Justify your recommendation. [16]

4. (a) Discuss in detail various types of boiling for the boiling of liquids.
(b) Discuss various correlations in pool boiling heat transfer? [8+8]

5. (a) What are different methods to get the heat transfer area increased in heat
transfer equipment ?
(b) What is meant by pitch of tubes in a multi-tube heat exchanger? Explain
[8+8]

6. Write energy balance and enthalpy balance equations for a single effect Evaporator.
[16]

7. Describe systematically how do you design a batch sterilizer for sterilization of

medium. [16]

8. (a) Describe how effective is plate heat exchanger for continuous sterilization of
medium.
(b) Is plate heat exchanger useful for Batch sterilization explain? [8+8]

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Code No: R05322303 Set No. 3
III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2008
HEAT TRANSFER IN BIO PROCESSORS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A stream pipeline, 150/160 mm in diameter, is covered with a layer of insulating

material of thickness 50 mm. The temperature inside the pipeline is 393 K (1200 C)
and that of the outside surface of insulation is 313 K (400 C). Calculate the rate of
heat loss per 1 m length of pipe line.
Data: k for pipe is 50 W/(m.K) and k for insulating material is 0.08 W/(m.K).
[16]

2. Consider the flow of water over a semi-infinite plate. The free stream velocity is
0.45 m/s and the free stream temperature is 50 C. The plate is maintained at 150 C.
Determine the thermal boundary layer thickness and heat flux at a distance of 40
cm from the leading edge. [16]

3. (a) It is desired to determine the maximum heal flux that can be dissipated in a
transistor using forced convection cooling. Design consideration limit surface
temperature to 780 C. Estimate the maximum flux if the coolant is air at 220 C
with a heat transfer coefficient of 110 W/m2 0 C, and de-ionized water at
220 C with a heat transfer coefficient of 4500 W/m2 , 0 C.
(b) Compare the temperature gradient in air at the surface of the transistor with
that of water. [16]

4. Dry standard steam at 2.45 bar condenses on the surface of a vertical tube of length
1m. the tube surface is at 1170 C. Calculate

(a) Film thickness at a distance 0.2 m from upper end and local heat transfer
coefficient
(b) Average heat transfer coefficient is between 0 and 0.2 m. [16]

5. (a) What are different methods to get the heat transfer area increased in heat
transfer equipment ?
(b) What is meant by pitch of tubes in a multi-tube heat exchanger? Explain
[8+8]

6. Describe the working of a vertical tube evaporator with a neat diagram and its
applications in bioprocessing. Discuss its advantages and disadvantages. [16]

7. (a) Describe the consequences that occur if the fermentation process is invaded
by foreign microorganisms.
(b) How do you avoid contamination in a fermentation process ? [10+6]

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Code No: R05322303 Set No. 3
8. Medium at a flow rate of 2 m3 h−1 is to be sterilized by heat exchange with steam
in a continuous sterilizer. The liquid contains bacterial spores at a concentration of
5 x 1012 m−3 ; the activation energy and Arrhenius constant for thermal destruction
of these contaminants are 283 kJ/ gmol−1 and 5.7 x 1039 h−1 , respectively. A
contamination risk of one organism surviving every 60 days operation is considered
acceptable. The sterilizer pipe has an inner diameter of 0.1 m; the length of the
holding section is 24 m. The Damkohler number for the flow is 42.

(a) What sterilizing temperature is required?

(b) Find the thermal death constant for sterlization. [8+8]

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Code No: R05322303 Set No. 4
III B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, Apr/May 2008
HEAT TRANSFER IN BIO PROCESSORS
(Bio-Technology)
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
⋆⋆⋆⋆⋆

1. A plate of thickness L and thermal conductivity k is exposed to a fluid at temper-

ature T α1 with a heat transfer coefficient h1 on one side and T α2 and h2 on the
other side. Determine the one-dimensional temperature distribution in the plate.
Assume steady state and constant conductivity. [16]

2. Fuel oil in a tank is to be heated from 288.5 K to 316 K by means of steam coil. The
oil has a pour point below 288.5 K. This oil stands in the tank and circulates only
by natural convection. Exhaust steam is used and it leaves the coil at atmospheric
pressure but not cooled below 373 K. The film heat transfer coefficient for fuel oil
is 18.26 w/m2 .K and the heat transfer coefficient for condensation steam is 4070
W/( m2 .K). The fouling factors for oily steam is 0.215 (m2 .K)/W and for fuel oil is
0.123 (m2 .K)/W. The coil is required to heat 2250 kg/h of fuel oil of specific heat
3.35 kJ/(kg.K). The inside diameter of pipe is 40 mm and the outside diameter
48mm. Calculate,

(a) The overall co-efficient of heat transfer

(b) The heat transfer surface area. [16]

3. You are anxious to drink your cup of coffee; however, it is too hot. If you stir the
coffee with a spoon and set it in a circular motion, will it cool at a faster rate?
Explain in detail. [16]

4. What is the difference between film wise condensation and drop wise condensation?
Explain. [16]

5. In an extended surface heat exchanger, the heat transfer area increased by 50%
by putting a sleeve on a cylindrical pipe, and the overall heat transfer coefficient
decreased by 10%. The heat transfer coefficient of the pipe is 0.75 kW/m2 0 C, and
the temperature diference is 500 C. Find the heat transfer rate for the extended
surface heat exchanger for unit area of the cylindrical pipe. [16]

6. What is the boiling point elevation of a salt solution and driving force for heat
transfer?
Data : Salt solution boils at a temperature of 380 K (1070 C) and boiling point of
water at a pressure in the vapour space is 373 K(1000 C)
Temperature of condensing steam is 399 K (1260 C) [16]

7. (a) Distinguish between sterilization and pasteurization.

(b) Explain about continuous sterilization process. [8+8]

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Code No: R05322303 Set No. 4
8. A certain fermentation medium was sterilized in a fermenter. The heating-up took
30 min from 1000 to 1210 C and the cooling took 15 min from 1210 to 1000 C. The ∆
factor value is ∆10 /min = 12.55. The thermal death constant k1210 C is 2.54 min−1 .
The ∆ for sterilization is 43.5. Find ∆holding and holding period. [16]

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