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APA style
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Style Guides
American Psychological Association (APA) Style is a set
of rules that authors must use when submitting papers for ACS Style Guide
publications in APA journals.[1] The APA states that they AMA Manual of Style
were developed to assist reading comprehension in the The Associated Press Stylebook
social and behavioral sciences, for clarity of The Chicago Manual of Style
communication, and to "move the idea forward with a Turabian
minimum of distraction and a maximum of precision."[2] The Elements of Style
The Elements of Typographic Style
The Publication Manual of the American Psychological
ISO 690
Association contains guidelines for every aspect of writing, MHRA Style Guide
especially in the social sciences, from determining MLA Handbook
authorship to constructing a table to avoiding plagiarism and MLA Style Manual
constructing accurate reference citations. The New York Times Manual
The Oxford Guide to Style/New Hart's Rules
The Publication Manual of the APA
The ASA Style Guide
Contents Yahoo! Style Guide

■ 1 Early editions
■ 2 Sixth Edition of the Publication Manual
■ 3 APA Style online
■ 3.1 Resources on apastyle.org
■ 3.2 Resources on the APA Style Blog
■ 3.3 Resources on social media
■ 4 Errors in the First Printing of the Sixth Edition
■ 5 Sections and subsections of papers using sixth
edition
■ 6 Headings
■ 7 Citation
■ 8 Reference list
■ 8.1 Print sources
■ 8.2 Electronic sources
■ 9 Statistical expressions in APA
■ 10 Graph and table layout
■ 11 Other non-print sources
■ 12 See also
■ 13 Notes
■ 14 References
■ 15 External links

Early editions

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The Publication Manual was established in 1929 as a seven-page document with a set of procedures to
increase the ease of reading comprehension (APA, 2009a, p. xiii).[3] Created under the sponsorship of
the United States National Research Council, its originators included psychologists, anthropologists, and
publishing professionals.

In 1952, the booklet was expanded and published as a 55-page supplement in Psychological Bulletin
with revisions made in 1957 and 1967 (APA, 1952, 1957, 1967).[4][5][6] The first edition covered word
choice, grammar, punctuation, formatting, journal publication policies, and "wrapping and
shipping" (APA, Council of Editors, 1952, p. 442).

In response to the growing complexities of scientific reporting, subsequent editions were released in
1974, 1983, 1994, and 2001. Primarily known for the simplicity of its reference citation style, the
Publication Manual also established standards for language use that had far-reaching effects.
Particularly influential were the "Guidelines for Nonsexist Language in APA Journals," first published
as a modification to the 1974 edition, which provided practical alternatives to sexist language then in
common usage.[7][8] The guidelines for reducing bias in language have been updated over the years and
presently provide practical guidance for writing about race, ethnicity, age, gender, sexual orientation,
and disability status (APA, 2009, pp. 70–77; see also APA, 2009b).[9]

Sixth Edition of the Publication Manual

The sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association was released in July 2009 after 4 years of
development. The Publication Manual Revision Task Force of the
American Psychological Association established parameters for the
revision based on published criticism, user comments,
commissioned reviews, and input from psychologists, nurses,
librarians, business leaders, publishing professionals, and APA
governance groups (APA, 2007a, 2007b).[10][11] To accomplish these
revisions, the Task Force appointed working groups of four to nine
members in seven areas: Bias-Free Language, Ethics, Graphics,
Journal Article Reporting Standards, References, Statistics, and
Writing Style (APA, 2009, pp. xvii-xviii).

Thoroughly reorganized and updated, the sixth edition was

significantly revised to incorporate the technological advances that
had affected virtually all areas of scientific communication since the
previous edition was published (APA, 2001). Specific revisions in
the sixth edition include

■ expanded ethics guidance on determining authorship, sharing data, plagiarism, and self-
plagiarism;
■ a new section on Journal Article Reporting Standards (JARS), stressing the need for precision and
consistency in reporting methodology and providing practical guidelines for achieving this
consistency;
■ new, simplified heading style for easier comprehension of online articles;
■ expanded guidelines on reducing bias in language, including a new section on presenting
historical language that is inappropriate by present standards;

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■ new guidelines for reporting inferential statistics as well as thoroughly revised and expanded
tables of statistical abbreviations and measures;
■ new procedures and examples for the electronic presentation of data;
■ new formats for electronic references, with a focus on the digital object identifier, or DOI, as the
most reliable way to locate online information;
■ expanded information about the publishing process, including a new discussion of the peer review
process;
■ all new examples and illustrative material to demonstrate revised standards of style.

APA Style online

There are multiple online aids to the sixth edition of the Publication Manual. Among them are the
following:

Resources on apastyle.org

■ Main apastyle.org (http://apastyle.apa.org/) page

■ Learning resources page (http://www.apastyle.org/learn/index.aspx) , including links to free
tutorials, an online course, and other content arranged by subject
■ Free tutorials:
■ The Basics of APA Style (http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx)
■ What's New in the Sixth Edition (http://www.apastyle.org/manual/whats-new.aspx)
■ FAQs about APA Style (http://www.apastyle.org/learn/faqs/index.aspx)
■ Online course:
■ Mastering the Sixth Edition (http://www.apastyle.org/learn/courses/4210700.aspx)

Resources on the APA Style Blog

The APA Style Blog (http://blog.apastyle.org/) is a repository for current information about APA Style.
It addresses commonly asked questions from readers as well as areas the manual may not address, such
as

■ how to cite social media (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/social-media/) , like

■ Twitter (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/twitter/) ,
■ Facebook (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/facebook/) ,
■ Kindles (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/09/how-do-i-cite-a-kindle.html) (or other e-
book readers), and
■ Wikipedia (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/wikipedia/) articles.

It also answers questions about how to cite regular references

(http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/references/) as well as electronic references
(http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/electronic-references/) .

Other topic areas include

■ databases (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/databases/)
■ how to use DOIs or digital object identifiers (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/digital-object-
identifier-doi/)

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■ grammar and usage (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/grammar-and-usage/) questions

■ Lists (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/02/lists-part-1-parallelism.html) , including how to
use
■ lettered lists (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/02/lists-part-3-lowercase-letters.html) ,
■ numbered lists (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/02/lists-part-4-numbered-lists.html) ,
■ bulleted lists (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/03/lists-part-5-bulleted-lists.html) , and
■ how to choose what type of list you need (http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2010/03/lists-
part-6-overview.html) .

The categories on the right-hand side of the blog show the different areas that have been explored, and
users can also search the site using a Google search box to find answers to their questions.

Resources on social media

The APA Style team maintains a Facebook page.[12] and a Twitter feed.[13]

Errors in the First Printing of the Sixth Edition

Despite multiple reviews of the manuscript at the copyediting and proofreading stages by senior editors,
staff realized shortly after the manual had gone to press that the sample papers contained errors. They
took prompt action to correct the errors and to post the fully corrected papers on the APA Style website
(http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/10/note-to-apa-style-community-sixth-edition-corrections.html)
where they were made available for viewing and downloading. Staff concurrently examined the rest of
the manuscript and found the following additional errors:

■ In 188 style guidelines, two errors were made, and one of these was a punctuation error.
■ In almost 1,000 examples provided to illustrate those rules, 36 errors were made (roughly half of
these occurred in the sample papers, which were subsequently corrected and posted online).
Another 10 occurred in the 374 examples that were provided in the reference chapter.
■ Five clarifications to text were made. These were not errors but rather clarified and expanded text,
for example, adding a second example for both a blog post and a blog comment.
■ Three pages of nonsignificant typographical errors were corrected. These included such things as
changing an em dash to an en dash, changing a minus sign to a hyphen, and correcting for added
space that was automatically added when a sample form was reproduced.

In the interest of transparency (and following the same procedure that was followed for the fifth edition),
staff posted all of the corrections online in a single document on October 1, 2009, and shortly thereafter
alerted users to the existence of the corrections in a blog entry
(http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2009/10/note-to-apa-style-community-sixth-edition-corrections.html) .
On the same day the corrections were posted, an individual posting to the Educational and Behavioral
Sciences Section listserv (EBBSS-L) of the American Library Association alerted readers to what she
described as the "many" errors in the first printing and speculated that "some but not all" would be
corrected in a second printing. On October 5, 2009, APA staff responded to the note clarifying that
errors were found in the sample papers, that the papers had been corrected and posted online, that the
substantive guidance in the manual was correct and accurate as printed, and that a full list of corrections
could be found at the APA Style website (http://supp.apa.org/style/pubman-reprint-corrections-for-
2e.pdf) .

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On October 13, 2009, the article "Correcting a Style Guide" was published in the online newspaper
Inside Higher Education that included interviews with several individuals who defined the errors as
"egregious" (Epstein, 2009).[14] The article, along with rumors spread on various listervs, resulted in
exaggerated accounts of both the magnitude and the extent of the errors, with some reports on
Amazon.com claiming more than 80 pages of errors had occurred.

APA responded to the increasing confusion by issuing an apology and implementing a

return/replacement program for purchasers who wished to exchange their first printing copies for second
printing copies of the Publication Manual. The first edition copies returned to APA were destroyed. The
second and all subsequent printings of the Publication Manual have been fully corrected.

Sections and subsections of papers using sixth edition

Because of changes in some areas from the fifth edition, such as References, the information listed
below should be used with caution as it does not reflect the sixth and most recent edition of the
Publication Manual or its corrected second printing.

Papers or articles following the 6th edition of The Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (APA Style) will typically include the following sections, each of which starts on a new
page:

1. Abstract
2. Text (body of paper)
3. References
4. Footnotes
5. Tables (new page for each table)
6. Figures (new page for each figure, include figure caption below the figure on the same page---this
is a change from the 5th ed.)
7. Appendices (optional---may not be present for all papers)

The guidelines for manuscript preparation can be found in Chapter 8 of the 6th edition of the Publication
Manual on p. 228. It covers margins, typeface, line spacing, and other matters.

Note that these guidelines are intended specifically for submitting to APA Journals. Many universities
have other requirements that add to or supersede the requirements in the APA Style manual.

Headings
The use of headings aids in establishing the hierarchy of the sections of a paper to help orient the reader.
Topics within a paper that have equal importance will have the same level of headings throughout the
paper. For example, in a paper with multiple experiments, the heading for the Method section for
Experiment 1 should be at the same level as the heading for the Method section for Experiment 2.

Headings can also function as an outline to reveal the paper's organization. This is particularly true when
the paper is submitted to APA journals. Also, avoid having one sub-section heading in a paper. Use at
least two subsections with any given section or none at all.

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APA’s heading style consists of five possible levels of subordination. Level 1 is the highest level and
Level 5 is the lowest level. Most papers will use two or three levels. Levels are always used
consecutively, beginning with Level 1. APA does not use the heading "Introduction" to begin a paper, as
the opening of a paper is considered by default to be the introduction.

1. Level 1: Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Headings

2. Level 2: Left-aligned, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
3. Level 3: Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with period.
4. Level 4: Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with period.
5. Level 5: Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with period.[15]

You can read more about them and see examples in the APA Style Blog category for headings
(http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/headings/) .

Citation
Reference citations in text are done using parenthetical referencing. Most usually, this involves
enclosing the author's surname and the date of publication within parentheses, separated by a comma,
generally placed immediately after the reference or at the end of the sentence in which the reference is
made. However, it is also common for the authors to be the subject or object of a sentence. In such a
case only the year is in parentheses. In all cases of citation, author name(s) are always followed
immediately by a year, and years are never presented without author name(s) immediately preceding it.
In the case of a quotation, the page number is also included in the citation.

Reference list
The APA style guide prescribes that the Reference section, bibliographies and other lists of names
should be accumulated by surname first, and mandates inclusion of surname prefixes. For example,
"Martin de Rijke" should be sorted as "de Rijke, M." and "Saif Al-Falasi" should be sorted as "Al-Falasi,
S." For names in non-English languages, follow the capitalization standards of that language. For each
of the source types below a hanging indent should be used where the first line is flush to the left margin
and all other lines are indented.

Print sources

Book by one author

■ Sheril, R. D. (1956). The terrifying future: Contemplating color television. San Diego, CA:
Halstead.

Book by two authors

■ Kurosawa, J., & Armistead, Q. (1972). Hairball: An intensive peek behind the surface of an
enigma. Hamilton, Ontario, Canada: McMaster University Press.

Chapter in an edited book

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■ Mcdonalds, A. (1993). Practical methods for the apprehension and sustained containment of
supernatural entities. In G. L. Yeager (Ed.), Paranormal and occult studies: Case studies in
application (pp. 42–64). London, England: OtherWorld Books.

Dissertation (PhD or masters)

■ Mcdonalds, A. (1991). Practical dissertation title (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University

of Florida, Gainesville, FL.

Article in a journal with continuous pagination (nearly all journals use continuous pagination)

■ Rottweiler, F. T., & Beauchemin, J. L. (1987). Detroit and Narnia: Two foes on the brink of
destruction. Canadian/American Studies Journal, 54, 66–146.

■ Kling, K. C., Hyde, J. S., Showers, C. J., & Buswell, B. N. (1999). Gender differences in self-
esteem: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 470–500. doi:10.1037/0033-
2909.125.4.470

Article in a journal paginated separately Journal Pagination

■ Crackton, P. (1987). The Loonie: God's long-awaited gift to colourful pocket change? Canadian
Change, 64(7), 34–37.

Article in a weekly magazine

■ Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28–31.

Article in a weekly magazine with DOI

■ Hoff, K. (2010, March 19). Fairness in modern society. Science, 327, 1467–1468.
doi:10.1126/science.1188537

Article in a print newspaper

■ Wrong, M. (2005, August 17). "Never gonna give you up," says mayor. Toronto Sol, p. 4.

Electronic sources

For electronic references, websites, and online articles, APA Style asserts some basic rules, including to

■ direct readers specifically to the source material using URLs which work
■ include retrieval date ONLY when content is likely to change (e.g., wikis)
■ include all other relevant APA Style details for the source

Online article based on a print source, with DOI (e.g., a PDF of a print source from a database)

■ Krueger, R. F., Markon, K. E., Patrick, C. J., & Iacono, W. G. (2005). Externalizing
psychopathology in adulthood: A dimensional-spectrum conceptualization and its implications for
DSM-V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114, 537-550. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.114.4.537

Online article based on a print source, without DOI (e.g., a PDF of a print source from a database)

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■ Marlowe, P., Spade, S., & Chan, C. (2001). Detective work and the benefits of colour versus black
and white. Journal of Pointless Research, 11, 123–127.

Online article from a database, no DOI, available ONLY in that database (proprietary content—not
things like Ovid, EBSCO, and PsycINFO)

■ Liquor advertising on TV. (2002, January 18). Retrieved from

http://factsonfile.infobasepublishing.com/

OR

■ Liquor advertising on TV. (2002, January 18). Retrieved from Issues and Controversies database.

Article in an Internet-only journal

■ McDonald, C., & Chenoweth, L. (2009). Leadership: A crucial ingredient in unstable times.
Social Work & Society, 7. Retrieved from
http://www.socwork.net/2009/1/articles/mcdonaldchenoweth

Article in an Internet-only newsletter (eight or more authors)

■ Paradise, S., Moriarty, D., Marx, C., Lee, O. B., Hassel, E., Thyme, E. J., . . . Bradford, J. (1957,
July). Portrayals of fictional characters in reality-based popular writing: Project update. Off the
Beaten Path, 7. Retrieved from http://www.newsletter.offthebeatenpath.news/otr/complaints.html

Article with no author identified (the title moves to the "author" position)

■ Britain launches new space agency. (2010, March 24). Retrieved from
http://news.ninemsn.com.au/technology/1031221/britain-launches-new-space-agency

Article with no author and no date identified (e.g., wiki article)

■ Harry Potter. (n.d.). In Wikipedia. Retrieved August 28, 2010, from

http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_Potter&oldid=380786432

Entry in an online dictionary or reference work, no date and no author identified

■ Verisimilitude. (n.d.). In Merriam-Webster's online dictionary (11th ed.). Retrieved from

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/verisimilitude

E-mail or other personal communication (cite in text only)

■ (A. Monterey, personal communication, September 28, 2001)

Book on CD

■ Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [CD]. New York, NY: Random House/Listening
Library.

Book on tape

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■ Nix, G. (2002). Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr [Cassette Recording No. 1999-1999-1999]. New
York, NY: Random House/Listening Library.

Movie

■ Gilby, A. (Producer), & Schlesinger, J. (Director). (1995). Cold comfort farm [Motion picture].
Universal City, CA: MCA Universal.

Statistical expressions in APA

Some of the more common examples are given below. Italics and spaces need to be carefully noted.

Note on Probabilities
There are two ways to report statistical probability: pre-specified probability given as a range
below the chosen alpha level and exact probability given as a calculated p-value. Since most
statistical packages calculate an exact value for p, the Publication Manual recommends that exact
p-values should be reported.

■ Example: p < .05

■ Example: p = .031 (preferred)
Exceptions, where a pre-specified probability range may be preferred, include large or complex
tables of correlations or when the p-value is particularly small (e.g., p < .001).

Reporting F-tests
General format: F([df-between], [df-within]) = [F-obtained], p = [p-value], [eta-squared obtained]
= [value].

■ Example: F(2, 50) = 9.35, p < .001, η2 = .03.

If a p-value is not significant, then the letters ns are substituted, or the precise p-value is
substituted prefaced by an equals sign.

■ Example: F(2, 50) = 1.35, ns.

■ Example: F(2, 50) = 1.35, p = .18. (preferred)

If an F-value is less than 1, thereby implying that it can never be statistically significant, then
neither the F-value itself, nor the associated p-value, is reported.

■ Example: F(2, 50) < 1.

■ Example: F < 1.

Reporting t-tests
General format: t([df error])= [t-obtained], p = [p-value], [Cohen's d obtained] = [value].

■ Example: t(9) = 2.35, p = .043, d = .70.

Reporting χ2 tests
2
General format: χ ([df error], N = [total sample size]) = [Chi-squared obtained], p = [p-value].

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■ Example: χ2(4, N = 24) = 12.4, p = .015.

Graph and table layout

■ Graphs
■ should not have tick marks for the measures
■ should have titles for the x and y axis
■ should not have an outline around the graph
■ should not have minor lines on the chart
■ The legend should either not exist if the graph is simple or should be inside the chart
■ need to be on a figure captions page, with an explanation of the data represented
■ do not have page numbers, and should have penciled in, on the back the top and the figure
caption that corresponds to it.
■ Tables
■ do have page numbers
■ do not have vertical lines

Other non-print sources

No personal communication is included in the reference list; instead, parenthetically cite the
communicator's name, the fact that it was personal communication, and the date of the communication
in your main text only.

(E. Robbins, personal communication, January 4, 2001).

A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with citation style (personal
communication, November 3, 2002).

See also
■ Citation Style Guides
■ Comparison of reference management software
ACS Style Guide

Notes AMA Manual of Style

The Associated Press Stylebook
The Chicago Manual of Style
1. ^ http://www.apa.org/pubs/authors/instructions.aspx#
Turabian
2. ^ apastyle.org APA Style (http://apastyle.apa.org/about-apa
The Elements of Style
-style.aspx) The Elements of Typographic Style
3. ^ Publication Manual of the American Psychological ISO 690
Association (6th ed.). 2009. Washington, DC MHRA Style Guide
4. ^ American Psychological Association, Council of Editors. MLA Handbook
(1952). Publication Manual of the American Psychological MLA Style Manual
Association. Psychological Bulletin, 49(Suppl., Pt. 2), 389- The New York Times Manual
449. The Oxford Guide to Style/New Hart's Rules
5. ^ American Psychological Association. (1957). Publication The Publication Manual of the APA
Manual of the American Psychological Association (Rev. The ASA Style Guide
ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

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6. ^ American Psychological Association. (1967). Publication Yahoo! Style Guide

Manual of the American Psychological Association (Rev.
ed.). Washington, DC: Author
7. ^ American Psychological Association, Task Force on Issues of Sexual Bias in Graduate Education. (1975).
Guidelines for nonsexist language in APA journals. American Psychologist, 30, 682-684.
doi:10.1037/h0076869
8. ^ APA Publication Manual Task Force. (1977). Guidelines for nonsexist language in APA journals [Change
Sheet 2]. American Psychologist, 32, 487-494. doi:v10.1037/0003-066X.32.6.487
9. ^ American Psychological Association. (2009b). Supplemental material: Chapter 3: Writing clearly and
concisely. Retrieved at http://apastyle.org/manual/supplement/index.aspx
10. ^ American Psychological Association. (2007a, April 13–14). Meeting of the Council of Editors[Agenda
book]. APA Archives, Washington, DC.
11. ^ American Psychological Association. (2007b, May 18–20). "Meeting of the Publications and
Communications Board[Agenda book]. APA Archives, Washington, DC.
12. ^ APA Style Facebook page (http://www.facebook.com/apastyle/)
13. ^ Twitter feed (@APA_Style) (http://www.twitter.com/apa_style)
14. ^ Epstein, J. (2009, October 13). Correcting a style guide: Scholars turn to style manuals for guidance in
authoring error-free manuscripts, but what happens when the manual itself is laden with errors?" Inside
Higher Education. Retrieved from [1] (http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2009/10/13/apa#)
15. ^ "The Owl At Purdue" (http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/16/).

References
■ American Psychological Association. (2010). The Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. ISBN 9781433805622
■ American Psychological Association. (2001). The Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. ISBN 9781557987914

External links
■ Learning APA Style (http://www.apastyle.org/learn/index.aspx)
■ Introduction to APA Style
(http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/hypertext/apa/introduction.html) - Hypertextual
electronic workshop hosted by the Online Writing Lab (OWL), Department of English, Purdue
University.
■ APA Style—Reference List/In-Text (pdf) (http://www.academicexperts.us/dl/APA_Style.pdf)
■ Create References APA (http://tupera.com/) - Free Generator APA references
■ APA "Citation Styles" Online Guide (http://www.cws.uiuc.edu/workshop/writers/citation/) -
Resource hosted by the Department of English, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
■ Apacite (http://www.dante.de/CTAN//help/Catalogue/entries/apacite.html) – "A BibTeX style
which closely follows American Psychological Association style citations, providing a very good
match."
■ APA.cls (http://www.ilsp.gr/homepages/protopapas/apacls.html) – Resource compiled by
Athanassios Protopapas, Institute for Language and Speech Processing (ILSP), Athens, Greece.
■ APA Guide Basics Summary (pdf) (http://www.thewritedirection.net/apaguide.net/apaguide.pdf) -
Webpage summary of APA Rules.
■ APA Style (http://www.apastyle.org/) - APA Style Online home page.
■ CiteFast (http://www.citefast.com/) - Free Citation Generator
■ "Citation Machine" (http://citationmachine.net/) – Citation style generator (APA, MLA, Chicago,
Turabian).

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■ Amacite (http://www.amacite.com/) – Automatic citation style generator and library for books
powered by Amazon.com (APA, MLA).
■ "KnightCite: A Project of Hekman Library (http://www.calvin.edu/library/knightcite/) – APA,
MLA, and Chicago Style citation generator hosted by Calvin College.
■ "NoodleBib Express" (http://www.NoodleTools.com/) – Style advice, citation creator (APA,
MLA, Chicago, Turabian).
■ Psychology with Style: A Hypertext Writing Guide (for the 5th edition of the APA Manual)
(http://www.uwsp.edu/psych/apa4b.htm) (February 1, 2007 - Version 5.014). - Teacher's Guide
compiled by Mark Plonsky, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology, University of Wisconsin–Stevens
Point.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APA_style"
Categories: Style guides | Academic style guides | Psychology publications | Style guides for American
English

■ This page was last modified on 25 March 2011 at 07:32.

■ Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms
may apply. See Terms of Use for details.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit
organization.

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