8051 – Serial Port

EE4380 Fall02
Class 10

Pari vallal Kannan

Center for Integrated Circuits and Systems
University of Texas at Dallas
Serial Comm. - Introduction
l Serial Vs Parallel Transfer of data
l Simplex, Duplex and half-Duplex modes
l Synchronous, Asynchronous, UART, USART
l Framing
– Start bit, Stop bit, mark (1 no signal), space (0 no signal)
– Start bit (0), LSB, MSB, Stop bit (1)
– Optional parity bit
– Stop bit can be one or two bits
l Data transfer rate
– Bps, baud
l RS232 protocol
– Non TTL compatible logic levels (-3 to –25 for 1 and +3 to +25
for 0)
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RS232 Pins
l Too many signals, but most are unused in the 8051
UART
l In non-handshaking mode, only three signals
– Pin2 : RxD – received data
– Pin3 : TxD – Transmitted data
– Pin5 : GND
l For 8051 to PC serial port (COMx) connection, use
null-modem connection
– RxD of 8051 system to TxD of PC
– TxD of 8051 system to RxD of PC
– GND to GND
– Need to set transfer mode to use software flow control
(XON/XOF)

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RS232 Line driver
l RS232 uses TLL-incompatible logic levels
l Need Line drivers to interface 8051 to Rs232
protocol
l MAX232, MAX233 most commonly used line
drivers 8051 MAX233

– Dual channels TxD 11 5 2

– Single supply, +5V operation 3

RxD 10 4
– MAX233 needs no external 5

capacitors DB-9

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8051 Serial Port
l 8051 has an internal UART
– Baud rate is set by Timer1
l Control Registers
– SBUF : Serial Buffer Register
l Data moved to SBUF is Transmitted serially
l Serial data Rx-ed is stored by 8051 in SBUF
– SCON : Serial Control Register
l Program the mode (start bit, stop bit, data bits length)
– Only Mode 1 (8, 1, 1) is of interest, as others are obsolete
l Receive enable REN
l RI and TI – Receive & Transmit Interrupt flags

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Setting the Baud rate
l Timer 1is the timing controller for serial port in 8051
l Clock for the Timer1 in the UART is
– XTAL /12 /32 = 28,800Hz (for XTAL = 11.0592MHz)
l Set SMOD bit (PCON.7) to program 8051 to use 1/16
multiplier
l XTAL / 12 / 16 = 56,700Hz
l Effectively doubles the baud rate
l Timer1 has to be programmed in
– Mode 2, 8bit auto reload mode
– Load TH1 with the required value

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Setting the Baud rate
l TH values (XTAL = 11.0592MHz)
– Baud Rate: 9600 = 28800/3 è TH1 = -3 = 0xFD
– Baud Rate: 4800 = 28800/6 è TH1 = -6 = 0xFA
– Baud Rate: 2400 = 28800/12 è TH1 = -12 = 0xF4
– Baud Rate: 1200 = 28800/24 è TH1 = -24 = 0xE8
l If SMOD (PCON.7) is set then the same values
for TH1 will give
– 19200 etc

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SCON Register
l SCON.0 = RI
– Receive interrupt flag. Valid byte is received in SBUF
l SCON.1 = TI
– Transmit interrupt flag. Byte in SBUF was completely
transmitted.
l SCON.4 = REN
– Receive enable. Set to enable reception. Clr for transmit only
l SCON.7:SCON.6 = SM0:SM1
– Serial mode setting
– 01 = Mode 1 is the widely used mode
l 8bit data, 1start bit and 1 stop bit
l All other bits to be set to 0

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Steps to Transmit a Byte
1. Program T1 for Mode2 (TMOD ß 0x20)
2. Load TH1 with the initial value (baud rate dependant)
(TH1 ß FD / FA / F4 / E8)
3. Program SCON for Mode1 (SCON ß 0x50)
4. Start Timer1 (setb TR1)
5. Clear TI
6. Load SBUF with the byte to be transferred (SBUF ß
byte)
7. Wait until TI becomes 1 (jnb TI, not_done)
8. Go back to Step5 for next byte

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Examples: Transmit a character
l Transfer ASCII “A” serially at 9600 baud
continuously
START: mov TMOD, #20H ;T1 is mode2
mov TH1, #-3 ;9600 baud
mov SCON, #50H ;8b, 1stop, 1start, REN enabled
setb TR1 ;start timer T1
AGAIN: clr TI ;ready to transmit
mov SBUF, #’A’ ;letter A is to be transmitted
HERE: jnb TI, HERE ;poll TI until all the bits are transmitted
sjmp AGAIN ;while(1) loop (forever loop)

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Steps to Receive a Byte
1. Program T1 for Mode2 (TMOD ß 0x20)
2. Load TH1 with the initial value (baud rate dependant)
(TH1 ß FD / FA / F4 / E8)
3. Program SCON for Mode1 (SCON ß 0x50)
4. Start Timer1 (setb TR1)
5. Clear RI
6. Wait until RI becomes 1 (jnb RI, not_done)
7. Store SBUF (A ß SBUF)
8. Go back to Step5 for next byte

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Example: Receive Data
l Receive bytes serially and display them on P1,
continuously.
START: mov TMOD, #20H ;T1 in mode 2
mov TH1, #-3 ;9600 baud
mov SCON, #50H ;8b, 1start, 1stop
setb TR1 ;start T1
AGAIN: clr RI ;ready to receive a byte
HERE: jnb RI, HERE ;wait until one byte is Rx-ed
mov A, SBUF ;read the received byte from SBUF
mov P1, A ;display on P1
sjmp AGAIN ;while (1)

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Serial Ports with Interrupts
l Using serial port with interrupts is THE way it was
intended to be used.
l Both the RI and TI flags raise the Serial interrupt (S0),
if S0 is enabled in IE.
– ISR for S0 is at 0x0023
l Simple Case
– Transmit is polling based (Poll TI flag) and Receive is interrupt
driven
– Transmit is interrupt driven and Receive is polling based (Poll
RI flag)
l In these cases, the ISR of S0 will check for the
appropriate flag and either copy data to or from SBUF

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Serial Ports with Interrupts
l General Case
– 8051 is in full duplex mode, I.e. receives and
transmits data continuously
– Both Transmit and Receive is interrupt driven
l Write the ISR for S0 such that
– ISR must first check which one of RI and TI raised
the S0 interrupt
– If RI is set, then read data from SBUF to a safe
place and clear RI
– If TI is set, then copy the next character to be
transmitted onto SBUF and clear TI.

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 Example : Simple case
l 8051 gets data from P1 and sends it to P2 continuously while receiving from Serial port. Serial
port data is to be displayed on P0
org 0 org 100H
ljmp MAIN ;avoid the IVT SERIAL: jb TI, TRANS
org 23H ;serial port ISR mov A, SBUF ;copy received data
ljmp SERIAL mov P0, A ;display it on P0
org 30H clr RI ;clear RI
MAIN: mov P1, #0FFH ;P1 as input port RETI
mov TMOD, #20 ;T1 in mode 2 TRANS: clr TI ;do nothing
mov TH1, #-3 ;9600 baud RETI ;ISR does not handle TX
mov SCON, #50H ; 8b, 1start, 1stop end
mov IE, #10010000B ;enable S0 interrupt
setb TR1 ;enable T1
BACK: mov A, P1
mov P2, A
sjmp BACK

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8051 Dev System Survey
l Paul’s 8051 Dev Board [http://www.pjrc.com]
– 87C52, 22MHz, 2 8255 devices, 50 I/O lines, LCD header, 30K Flash,
32K SRAM, proto area, 2 serial ports, ~80$ assembled
l Axman CME552 and CME562 [http://www.axman.com/]
– S80C552-12 CPU, 32K each of EPROM, EEPROM and SRAM, 8 A/D
inputs, 2 PWM outputs, LCD and keypad interface, 20 I/O lines, proto
area, ~120$
l New Micros [http://www.newmicros.com/ ]
– Many products, all have proto area, Cost from 40$ to 180$
l Bipom [http://www.bipom.com/ ]
– Many products, very small, no proto area, uses atmel devices with
onboard Flash and SRAM, ISP, LCD and keypad interface, 40 to 70$
l Tecel [ http://www.tecel.com/t1/]
– Many products. Very small, upto 32K SRAM and EEPROM, many I/O
lines, No proto area, $40 to $70. T1 bare board is 12$ !

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Next Class
l Interfacing analog sensors
l Interfacing Stepper Motors
l Embedded System Diagnostics

26-Sep-02 17