Africa Rice - 2008-2010 - Overview

CGIAR
Medium Term Plan

2008–2010
Charting the Future of Rice

in Africa
June 2007
Africa Rice Center (WARDA)

01 B.P. 2031, Cotonou Benin
Tel (229) 21.35.01.88 – Fax (229) 21.35.05.56
Contents
CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................................... I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................. 1
PROGRAM 1 – INTEGRATED RICE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS............................................................................ 3
PROJECT 1: ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY AND STABILITY OF UPLAND RICE-BASED SYSTEMS .............................................. 3
PROJECT 2: SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION OF LOWLAND RICE-BASED SYSTEMS FOR ENHANCED LIVELIHOODS..................... 3
PROJECT 3: ENHANCING THE PERFORMANCE OF IRRIGATED RICE-BASED SYSTEMS IN AFRICA ........................................... 3
PROGRAM 2 – RICE POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT ......................................................................................... 4
PROJECT 4: RICE POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON FOOD SECURITY AND POVERTY REDUCTION ................................. 4
PROJECT 5: ADAPTATION TO HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON RICE-BASED LIVELIHOODS ................................. 4
PROJECT 6: PARTNERSHIPS, LEARNING AND INNOVATION SYSTEMS ............................................................................ 5
1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 7
1.1. A SUSTAINABLE INCREASE IN RICE PRODUCTION IN AFRICA ............................................................................... 7
1.2. CONSTRAINTS TO SUSTAINABLE RICE PRODUCTION IN AFRICA............................................................................ 7
1.3 INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC GOODS................................................................................................................... 8
2. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2006 ................................................................................................... 9
2.1 PROGRAM-LINKED ACHIEVEMENTS .............................................................................................................. 9
2.1.1 PROGRAM 1: INTEGRATED PRODUCTION SYSTEMS........................................................................................ 9
2.1.2 PROGRAM 2: RICE POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT .......................................................................................... 10
2.1.3 PROGRAM SUPPORT UNITS ................................................................................................................... 10
2.1.3.1 GENETIC RESOURCES UNIT ................................................................................................................ 10
2.1.3.2 BIOSAFETY AND PLANT QUARANTINE ................................................................................................... 11
2.1.3.3 TRAINING, INFORMATION AND LIBRARY SERVICES (TILS) ........................................................................... 11
3. AFRICA RICE CENTER (WARDA) INVOLVEMENT IN CHALLENGE PROGRAMS ........................................... 11
3.1 HARVESTPLUS CP ................................................................................................................................. 12
3.2 GENERATION CP ................................................................................................................................... 12
3.3 WATER AND FOOD CP ........................................................................................................................... 13
3.4 SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA CP ....................................................................................................................... 13
4. AFRICA RICE CENTER (WARDA) INVOLVEMENT IN SYSTEMWIDE PROGRAMS ........................................ 13
4.1 SYSTEMWIDE INITIATIVE ON HIV/AIDS AND AGRICULTURE (SWIHA) ................................................................ 13
4.2 INLAND VALLEY CONSORTIUM .................................................................................................................. 14
4.3 SYSTEMWIDE LIVESTOCK PROGRAM ........................................................................................................... 14
4.4 ON-LINE LEARNING RESOURCE PROJECT (INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY – KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT) ......................................................................................................................................... 14
4.5 CONSORTIUM FOR SPATIAL INFORMATION (ICT-KM) .................................................................................... 14
4.6 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) .................................................................................................... 14
4.7 PROPOSED SYSTEMWIDE PROGRAM TO COMBAT DESERTIFICATION: OASIS .......................................................... 15
5. OUTLOOK FOR 2007 .............................................................................................................................. 15
5.1 PROJECTS BEGUN IN 2006 ...................................................................................................................... 15
5.2 PROJECTS COMPLETED IN 2006 ................................................................................................................ 15
5.3 COLLABORATION ................................................................................................................................... 16
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AFRICA RICE MTP 2008-2010
5.3.1 WARDA–IRRI–CIAT COLLABORATION .................................................................................................. 16
5.3.2 COLLABORATION WITH NARS ............................................................................................................... 16
5.3.3 ROLE OF PARTNERS IN PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION ...................................................................................... 16
5.3.4 OTHER COLLABORATION ....................................................................................................................... 17
6. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND PRIORITY SETTING ............................................................................ 17
7. RESEARCH PRIORITY SETTING AND PLANNING ...................................................................................... 17
7.1 RESEARCH DAYS .................................................................................................................................... 18
7.2 THEMATIC GROUPS ................................................................................................................................ 18
7.3 CONSORTIUM STEERING COMMITTEE OF IVC ............................................................................................... 18
7.4 STEERING COMMITTEE OF THE AFRICAN RICE INITIATIVE ................................................................................. 18
7.5 STEERING COMMITTEE OF ROCARIZ ......................................................................................................... 19
7.6 STEERING COMMITTEE OF ECARRN .......................................................................................................... 19
7.7 STEERING COMMITTEE OF SYSTEMWIDE INITIATIVE ON HIV/AIDS AND AGRICULTURE............................................ 19
7.8 AFRICA RICE CENTER (WARDA) ROLE IN ACTIVITIES BEYOND THE CGIAR SYSTEM PRIORITIES .................................. 20
8. FINANCING PLAN................................................................................................................................... 20
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................. 26
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This MTP based on the Center‘s strategic plan 2003-2010 takes full account of the greatly increased
involvement of WARDA in all regions of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) at the request of both its Council of
Ministers and national agricultural research systems (NARS) in the 17 member countries of WARDA and in
many non-member countries. It also takes account of the evolution of the CGIAR in SSA to embrace more
intensive cooperation between centers and their national and international partners.
The MTP recognizes and serves as an associated tool in the implementation of the Regional Plan for
Collective Action, formerly the West and Central Africa MTP in conjunction with our partners. As a key
mover in the development of the MTP for West Africa, WARDA is particularly cognizant of the latest
CGIAR System Priorities and has readily adopted these as underpinning for the Center‘s continuing
engagement with poverty in SSA and the creation and dissemination of the many pertinent international and
regional public goods being produced by the Center. At all times the Center also recognizes the important
roles it can play in meeting Millennium Development Goals and the five ‗pillars‘ of NEPAD‘s CAADP.
In partnership with ASARECA, WARDA activated the ECARRN rice network with a coordinator based in
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and is now entering new collaboration with IRRI and the Japanese Government in
eastern Africa and with IRRI and CIAT in West Africa. The CCER on Partnerships praised WARDA model
for producing highly diversified partnerships with all levels of the rice sector, including farmers.
Recommendations from the CCER, especially to strengthen the ROCARIZ and ARI networks, are being
taken on board. WARDA was winner of the South-South Triangular Partnership Award by the United Nations
in December 2006, thereby reaffirming the Center‘s strength in this field.
Underpinning the MTP period and beyond are four key elements:
Pursuit of coherence and excellence in a number of core research areas aimed at producing
desirable international public goods.
Adaptation of the network-based model for research collaboration.
Enhancing the institutional capacity of national agricultural research and extension systems
(NARES) through training and human resource development.
Direct engagement with the rice development sector.
Together these build towards WARDA‘s strategic goal to ―significantly increase the quality, usefulness and
availability of knowledge and technology within the rice sector to support the poor in Africa.‖as stated in the
strategic plan.
WARDA will continue to strive to make locally produced rice (especially NERICAs) competitive in price and
quality through reduction in local rice production costs, increased quality and cleanliness and consequent
higher market desirability. Confirmation of the progress achieved by past efforts of the Center in
disseminating NERICAs and promoting policy change was received in March 2007 when the FAO Rice
Market Monitor highlighted NERICA adoption as one of the key reasons for the marked increase in
production of rice in Africa in both 2005 and 2006. Improved policies in seven key rice-producing countries
as well as favorable weather also contributed to the increases in home-produced rice, according to FAO.
The preparatory processes have resulted in a Medium Term Plan that WARDA feels is fully engaged in
delivering solutions to the problems and the needs of resource-poor communities throughout the major rice-
growing ecologies of sub-Saharan Africa. This MTP also emphasizes partnership with effective NARS, with
ARIs and with farmers, and is designed for implementation within a background of enabling government
policies and profitable markets for locally produced rice.
The Center is also internalizing in this MTP how it is encapsulating in each of its projects the vital
requirement to ensure the production of international public goods (IPG) and demonstrate how these will
impact effectively in the alleviation of poverty and hunger across nations. In further taking into account
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various review recommendations and vital M & E, the Center is also seeking to progressively align with the
System Priorities of the CGIAR and the regional MTPs for science research in sub-Saharan Africa.
In response to the earlier comments of the Science Council, greater focus is now incorporated in the
simplified programmatic structure of the Center‘s research activities originally introduced in 2005. The two
program format remains the backbone of this MTP, but the number of center projects is reduced to six, plus
the Inland Valley Consortium (IVC) and the Systemwide Initiative on HIV/AIDS and Agriculture (SWIHA)
which each have individual MTPs. Program 1 now hosts projects 1, 2 and 3 while program 2 hosts projects 4,
5 and 6. The numbering of projects 4, 5 and 6 has changed from the previous MTP. In accordance with the SC
commentary and WARDA Board‘s recommendation, the previous Project 4 – Integrated Management of
Drought in Rainfed Rice Ecosystems in Africa – has been dissolved and elements of it incorporated in
projects 1 and 2, with drought mapping moved to project 5 which is rewritten to take account of the
graduation of SWIHA to a full SWEP. Overlaps with projects 1 and 2 have been eliminated.
Projects 1, 2 and 3 have been re-focused to take clear account of and align with CGIAR system priorities (SP)
and with the West and Central Africa Regional Plan for Collective Action. In recognition of Science Council
concern and of the growing emphasis on wider aspects of climate change, research in the area of drought has
now been placed more appropriately with other projects. The focus of Project 4 (formerly 5) has been
addressed. The post-conflict impact of this project is now additional to that of the products related to research
on climate change and sustainable intensification. Networks remain at the heart of the new Project 6 –
Partnerships, innovations and learning systems – which has been rewritten to refocus the research aspects of
networks, expressly bringing out the innovative aspects of technology uptake and transfer, and showing
clearer alignment to SP 5c and 5d. Most elements of impact and adoption research are now better aligned and
concentrated in Project 4 in accordance with the SC comments and in keeping with PM guidelines.
The USAID-funded biotechnology project – now in its third year – on the use of marker-assisted selection has
greatly enhanced the biotechnology capacity of four West African countries. Two popular varieties of rice
from each country have been identified for improvement by the addition of a gene conferring resistance to
rice yellow mottle virus. This improved capacity in molecular biology has paved the way for a new three-year
project under the Generation CP to be funded by the EU in late 2007. The second phase of the IFAD-funded
PADS project to identify, evaluate, adapt and scale-out sustainable productivity-enhancing innovations for
rice production systems in the rainfed lowland ecology is in full swing. The Gambia, Guinea, Ghana and Mali
benefit from the Phase II agenda focussing only on the inland valley systems because of their great potential
to become the food basket of West Africa.
The program structure – Integrated Rice Production Systems and Rice Policy and Development – continues to
focus on the two major challenges previously identified in the 2003–2012 Strategic Plan. The ecoregional
program IVC and the systemwide program SWIHA now produce their own MTPs (Annexes B and C) which
are likewise revised to take full account of CGIAR SPs and the Regional Plans for Collective Action in
Africa. The Center‘s logframe analysis (Annex D) fully takes account of the relevant updates and the System
Priorities of the CGIAR. The outputs and especially output targets have been consolidated and logframes
adjusted accordingly.
Financing plan
The resource requirements over the MTP period are based on the 2007 funding level of the Center and
projections for 2008. The plan assumes combined growth and inflation rates of 2.0% and 2.6% for 2009 and
2010, respectively. The projected unrestricted funding for 2008 amounts to US$ 5.98 million and restricted
funding is put at US$ 6.26 million, giving a total 2008 grant income of US$ 12.24 million. The Center‘s
earned income is projected at US$ 0.20 million. The combined annual weighted inflation in those African
countries where the Center operates is projected to be 2.5-3.5%. Spending on Center operations in 2008 is
planned to be at the level of US$ 12.29 million leaving a positive net increase in Center reserves of US$ 0.15
million.
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Program 1 – Integrated Rice Production Systems
Project 1: Enhancing Productivity and Stability of Upland Rice-based Systems

Resource-poor farmers dominate rice production in upland ecologies constrained by biotic and abiotic
stresses, declining soil fertility and water deficit. Conventional breeding and modern biotechnology will be
used to exploit reservoirs of rich genetic resources present in neglected indigenous landraces, namely O.
glaberrima, O. barthii, O. longistaminata and O. sativa to develop varieties of higher biotic resistance,
increased protein content, stable yields and good performance in low input systems. The project focuses on:
(i) upland rice varieties with higher yield, lower nutrient requirement and improved resistances to stress; (ii)
integrated management packages for pests such as rice stem borers and termites, blast disease and the
parasitic weed, Striga; (iii) assessing the impact of new varieties and technologies to allow better future
targeting of related research. System priority areas 1, 2 and 4 – in particular sub-priorities 1a, 2a-2d and 4c –
are strongly addressed, with medium relevance also demonstrable to 1b.
Outputs
1. Improved lines and varieties of good quality with higher and stable yield available to NARS
2. Integrated management options for pests and diseases available
3. Profitable integrated soil fertility and drought management options
Project 2: Sustainable Intensification of Lowland Rice-based Systems for Enhanced

Livelihoods
A combination of improved quality rice varieties, pest and disease management packages designed for
sustainability, and multi-cropping for more and better food at lower cost as well as for wealth creation will
help revive and expand rice production in lowlands. Cutting edge biotechnology tools and innovative
traditional breeding methods will pinpoint and develop breeding material with resistance to important stresses
that will be evaluated by farmers through participatory varietal selection to identify farmer-selected lines for
release. At the same time, integrated pest management packages and integrated crop management are
emphasized. Vegetable crops will improve and diversify farm production. The project mainly focuses on: (i)
new cultivars with resistance or tolerance to iron toxicity, RYMV, AfRGM and weeds; (ii) sustainable
integrated crop management techniques for these widespread stresses; (iii) new high-value vegetable or field
crop options to fit a rice-based system. The system priorities strongly addressed in this project include Priority
area 2 and sub-priorities 1a, 1b and 4d. The diversification element is pertinent to sub-priority 3a.
Outputs
1. High-yielding and stable lowland rice lines of good quality available
2. Improved integrated crop management options for lowland rice-based systems
3. Stable and profitable crop diversification in lowland rice-based systems
Project 3: Enhancing the Performance of Irrigated Rice-based Systems in Africa

Irrigated-rice systems realize high yields per days of water provided pesticides are used rationally and the
range of degradation processes such as salinity, alkalinity and iron toxicity are corrected. Presently, the
narrow genetic base of existing improved varieties limits the germplasm for this ecology. This project adopts
a holistic approach embracing not only germplasm improvement and efficient crop and natural resource
management techniques, but also the changes in policy that are needed to support a profitable future for
irrigated production. Working with NARES and with small- and medium-scale farmers will ensure that
improved research results are rapidly transferred. The project focuses on: (i) germplasm improvement for
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yield and stresses; (ii) halting environmental degradation at the farm level; (iii) developing systems to make
efficient and sustainable use of inputs, including post-harvest, while maximizing the returns; (iv)
intensification and diversification opportunities, including rice-livestock and rice-vegetable integration. In this
project the biodiversity and genetic improvement aspects linked to SP1 and 2 are addressed, as well as SP4
and the policy dimensions in 5d.
Outputs
4. Agro-morphological characterization of irrigated rice-based systems developed
5. Improved lines and varieties for use in irrigated rice-based systems in Africa
6. Options for improved resource-use efficiency and mitigation of degradation in irrigated rice-based
systems developed
Program 2 – Rice Policy and Development
Project 4: Rice Policy and Technology Impact on Food Security and Poverty Reduction
Although efforts are being made to increase rice production through breeding and agronomic enhancement of
seeds and cultivation systems, unfavorable policies and inappropriate institutions can wipe out these gains.
The project aims at developing a much deeper understanding of the likely scenarios for rice development in
SSA, as well as assessing poverty, economic and environmental impacts with particular emphasis on
productivity and poverty at the individual, community and national levels (SP3a, 4c, 4d). This project is
aligned to SP5 in generating knowledge and strategies for developing policy and institutional frameworks for
competitive rice production, thereby improving the livelihoods of millions of people in SSA. The project
focuses on: (i) developing tools and methods for priority setting, impact assessment and policy analysis and
sharing expertise in policy analysis and impact assessment with NARES and other stakeholders; (ii) policies
and institutions to promote competitive rice systems; (iii) understanding how better post-harvest technologies
can improve competitiveness; (iv) assessing ex-ante and ex-post economic, social, and environmental impacts
of technological, institutional and policy changes at the national and regional levels.
Outputs
1. Tools, methods and enhanced capacity for impact assessment, policy analysis and priority setting
2. Rice policy options and institutions for competitive domestic rice production
3. Improved post-harvest systems for competitive domestic rice production
Project 5: Adaptation to Human and Environmental Effects on Rice-based Livelihoods

Rice has a key role to play in offsetting major impacts of climate change and natural or human-induced
disasters, and in rebuilding the livelihoods and well-being of the displaced and vulnerable, especially women
and children. Rural areas often bear the brunt of climate change, which induces flooding, soil degradation,
disease and pest outbreaks, and the loss of the genepool. Civil conflict invariably impacts on farmers, forcing
them from their home areas into the cities where there is no opportunity to farm, with consequent loss of
agricultural knowledge. This project will first understand the differing needs of climate change, unexpected
natural disasters and those induced by man (SP2a, 2b, 2c). It will use the Africa Rice Center (WARDA)
knowledge base and that of NARES and NGOs to design strategies to mitigate displacement and quickly
restore viable agriculture production, to allow sustainable intensification of rice-based cropping systems, and
to adapt to longer-term climatic impacts. The project focuses on policymakers (SP5a, 5c), with: (i) options for
mitigating the impact of climate change; (ii) strategies to offset the potentially-devastating effects of conflict
or unexpected environmental disaster on rice-based livelihoods; (iii) strategies to ensure intensification can be
carried out in a sustainable manner.
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Outputs
1. Strategies and integrated management options to offset medium- and long-term impacts of climate
anomalies and environmental or human-induced disaster on rice-based livelihoods
2. Enabling socio-economic, institutional and policy options for sustainable management of land and
water in rice-based systems
3. Major drought profiles in rainfed rice characterized for Africa
Project 6: Partnerships, learning and innovation systems

The project develops knowledge, strategies and tools that contribute to strengthening the overall rice
innovation system, with particular emphasis being paid to enhancing shared learning between NARES, the
private sector and rural communities. Through involvement in the post-harvest sector, in platform
development and the rice marketing chain, it feeds directly into SP5. Despite promising new technologies
being developed, access is a critical limiting factor, especially for marginalized youth, women and poorer
farmers. Also, the role of these groups in the generation and dissemination of technologies such as improved
varieties needs to be further strengthened. Effective partnerships and an emphasis on social learning processes
can help in scaling-up and scaling-out appropriate technologies. The project valorizes complementarity with
WARDA‘s networks ROCARIZ and ECARRN, the African Rice Initiative (ARI), and WARDA‘s multiple
partnerships with NGOs, the private sector and universities.
The project focuses on: (i) developing a competitive rice sector through effective R&D platforms; (ii)
developing pro-poor seed systems, including mechanisms to bridge local and formal seed systems; (iii)
strengthening rural learning systems through improved participatory learning and action research approaches
and linkage with communication technologies; and (iv) strengthening the post-harvest sector to improve the
quality and competitiveness of local rice.
Outputs
1. Improved partnerships and networks to promote rice sector development
2. Improved and functional pro-poor seed systems
3. Enhanced rural learning systems
4. Strengthened post-harvest sector
Consortium for the Sustainable Development of Inland Valley Agro-ecosystems in Sub-Saharan Africa
(IVC)
IVC responds to social and environmental challenges in West Africa, related to poverty and food security on
the one hand and degradation of the natural resource base on the other. In formulating its response the
consortium addresses SP3, 4 and 5. Five CG centers participate in IVC along with five international research
and development institutions. It has four main research themes in its third phase: 1) increasing inland valley
productivity, 2) mitigating negative impacts affecting ecosystem services, 3) benefits from past achievements
and transfer of technologies, including local innovations, and 4) systematic stakeholder capacity building. The
consortium aims to produce international public goods (IPG) in six general categories: decision-making tools
(1), policy recommendations (2), databases (3), agricultural technologies (4), manuals, training modules and
fact sheets (5), and scientific publications (6).
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Outputs
1. Productivity of inland valley agro-ecosystems increased
2. Negative impacts affecting ecosystem services mitigated
3. Past achievements and local innovations transferred
4. Capacity of inland valley stakeholders enhanced
Systemwide Initiative on HIV/AIDS and Agriculture (SWIHA)

SWIHA places HIV/AIDS squarely on the agricultural agenda by ensuring that institutions in agriculture and
rural development are alive to the role that they can play in the collective effort to mitigate its further spread.
Through research in four countries in West and Central Africa, the SWIHA is generating knowledge on the
linkages between the pandemic and agriculture, developing policies and strategies to mitigate the effect of the
pandemic on rural livelihoods, and tool kits of methodologies and training manuals to support research and
for capacity building. SWIHA works closely with the Africa Network on HIV/AIDS and Agriculture
(ANEHA), particularly with the ANEHA country focal points for implementing agreed activities.
Outputs
1. Efficient and better coordinated response of research and development institutions to mitigate the
impact of HIV/AIDS on agriculture
2. Livelihoods of agricultural communities and vulnerable people diversified and improved
3. Nutrition and diets of HIV/AIDS-vulnerable rural communities improved
4. Information and communication models for effective interventions in agriculture and nutrition
management developed and promoted
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1. INTRODUCTION
The eyes of the world turned increasingly towards Africa in 2005 and 2006 with renewed reports of famine in
various parts of the continent and of the food supply problems that dog the heels of conflict. The Africa Rice
Center (WARDA) believes that food, in particular rice, can be grown sustainably with the help of good
science to meet Africa‘s needs, and this MTP serves to further underline the strength and feasibility of the
Center‘s research and development agenda. The development and release of new NERICAs for the lowlands
are only the latest fruits of this R&D thrust, while the outward spread of the upland NERICAs continues
across West, East, Central and Southern Africa. Determination to work in a focused manner with regional and
international partners for sustainable development of rice-based production systems for food security and
poverty alleviation underpins this 2008–2010 MTP.
Rice is life for major populations throughout the world and is deeply embedded in the cultural heritage of
many societies. It is a staple food for more than half of the world‘s population and has become increasingly
important in Africa, both as a food source and as an economic commodity. It is now the continent‘s most
rapidly growing food source.
African rice production increased from 8.6 million tonnes of paddy in 1980 to 21.6 million tonnes in 2006
(FAO Rice Market Monitor, March 2007). Demand continues to exceed supply and annual imports of rice by
the region increased from 2.5 million tonnes in 1980 to 9.3 million tonnes in 2006. In the immediate future,
food security in Africa will largely depend on achieving a sustainable increase in local rice production.
1.1. A Sustainable Increase in Rice Production in Africa

Africa's potential for expanding rice production can be seen in the following context: land with potential for
arable production in Africa is estimated at 637 million hectares, with about 68% in reserves. The area
currently designated for rice production represents only about 1.6% of total potential arable land. Low labor
cost and increasing availability of yield-enhancing technologies to farmers will contribute to increasing rice
production.
1.2. Constraints to Sustainable Rice Production in Africa

Upland rice and rainfed lowland rice are grown mainly by resource-poor farmers who, in general, apply a
very low level of inputs such as fertilizers and agro-chemicals. The performance of upland rice is also limited
by the following factors:
Severe drought stresses. Rice planted on the upper slopes of inland valley swamps, where the
groundwater table is at 60 cm or more below the soil surface, display symptoms of drought stress
after only a few days without rain.
High pressure from weed competition.
Low soil fertility due to a combination of inherent low soil fertility, soil erosion and the shortened
fallow period under shifting cultivation methods that have arisen from increasing production
pressures due to population growth.
Blast disease, iron (Fe) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity, bird and rodent damage.
Drought stress can also affect rice grown in rainfed lowland/inland valley swamp systems in the region but to
a lesser extent compared to that in the uplands. In rainfed lowland/inland valley swamp systems, depending
on the location of the field, rice plants can obtain supplementary water from one or more of the following
sources: high groundwater table, run-off water and the swelling of the river water supply during rainy
seasons. However, the other major constraints to rice production in rainfed lowland/inland valley swamp
systems in the region are:
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Physical constraints: flash flood and iron (Fe) toxicity.
Biological constraints: weed competition, rice yellow mottle virus, gall midge, Diopsis species,
stem borers and bird damage.
Economic constraints: lack of appropriate means for land preparation, labor shortage.
In irrigated ecosystems, rice crops receive a reliable and regulated water supply; as a result, rice is
continuously cropped and degradation processes are accelerated. Relative to the other ecosystems, rice yields
remain higher in irrigated areas in sub-Saharan Africa. However, irrigated rice yields in Senegal, Burkina
Faso, Côte d'Ivoire and Nigeria in West Africa; Cameroon in Central Africa; and Mozambique in Southern
Africa have declined in the recent past due to deterioration of both soil fertility and the irrigation
infrastructure that originally brought exceptional results. Moreover, epidemic outbreaks of RYMV and BLB
remain important constraints to increasing yield. In Madagascar, irrigated rice yields have been stagnant due
to low levels of fertilizer application.
Rice production in sub-Saharan Africa is further limited by the following constraints:
Unfavorable policies affecting agriculture in general and demand for local rice, in particular, is
influenced by competitiveness;
Inadequate and irregular input supplies (seed, fertilizer, pesticides) and credit;
Weak research and extension support and a poor link between research and development;
Insecurity of land tenure and lack of effective farmer organizations and cooperatives;
Lack of appropriate equipment, especially for post-harvest operations;
Poor road networks and marketing systems;
Weak private sectors to develop post-harvest operations.
A sustainable increase in rice production in Africa requires strategies for overcoming the constraints that limit
the growth of the rice industry. These strategies must focus on the following: the formulation of appropriate
policies to support the development of upland and wetlands for rice production; increasing rice yield;
improving post-harvest technology through research and extension; and on the provision of infrastructure and
accessibility to viable input-output markets (especially the private seed and fertilizer sectors).
1.3 International public goods

NERICA (New Rice for Africa) is the cornerstone of the Africa Rice Center (WARDA) international public
goods (IPGs) in the third millennium. Such is its success with smallholder farmers that they may often
overlook that NERICA is not just one variety or even one family of varieties. Today it encompasses rice
varieties suitable for the very different upland and lowland ecologies and in the future the NERICA
appellation will be even more embracing as varieties continue to be bred from Asian and African parents
while incorporating various genes for tolerance to known constraints on smallholder rice production.
As well as the development, testing, dissemination and uptake of these improved lines and varieties
throughout Africa, germplasm is shared with researchers on other continents. Africa Rice Center (WARDA)
research to characterize genes and develop markers associated to drought tolerance in O. sativa and O.
glaberrima is expected to have widespread application in rainfed systems, together with new information on
interactions between drought and other biotic and abiotic factors in rainfed rice ecosystems which will feed
into the global knowledge bank on the likely impacts of climate change. Information on the physiological
mechanism underlying drought tolerance in the different rice species and sub-species and databases on
drought mapping will have widespread application.
Hand-in-hand with germplasm improvement goes research in complementary technologies, including
integrated soil fertility management, IPM options for RYMV and AfRGM, cultivation technology options for
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rice-based systems in lowland, and options for integrated crop and natural resources management to enhance
irrigated rice productivity and profitability. Within the framework of IGNRM, special attention is being paid
to addressing problems of degradation that have become particularly associated with irrigated rice-based
systems in Africa.
In a joint project with AVRDC, development is proceeding on rice-vegetable systems that will be as relevant
outside Africa as they will be for many countries in Africa where the nutritional benefits of systems
combining rice with other products such as vegetables or fish have still to be felt.
Scientific publications, including research papers, training manuals and conference papers on new methods
and new technologies, help disseminate the fruit of Africa Rice Center (WARDA) research.
2. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2006
2.1 Program-linked achievements

Through its partnership with national programs, the Africa Rice Center (WARDA) concentrated its effort on
the three major rice production systems, namely upland, lowland and irrigated. At the same time activities
were undertaken in processing; dissemination of research results; policy and marketing issues; natural
resource management, particularly impoverishment of soil fertility; water use efficiency; integrated pest
management; and technology uptake. Issues such as the high cost of inputs, the unstable market, weak
institutional policies and capacity building were addressed. A new area, which received increased attention,
was the theme of drought.
2.1.1 Program 1: Integrated Production Systems

Program 1 successfully established the proportion of donor genome content in NERICAs; employed 25 near-
isogenic lines (NILs) from IRRI in the identification of virulence genes for blast fungus in five West African
countries; quantified the impact of NERICA adoption in Benin, and on rice yield in Côte d‘Ivoire; and
established that moderate NPK (60-13-25 kg/ha) level gives twice the grain yield (4 Mg/ha) over zero-
fertilizer.
Sixty NERICA-Lowland varieties were disseminated across 20 African countries, and six were released in
five countries in West Africa: Togo (NERICA-L-19 and 34), Sierra Leone (NERICA-L-19 and 20),
Cameroon (NERICA-L-19), and The Gambia (WAS161-B-9-2, WAS122-IDSA-15-WAS-6-1, and WAS127-
B-5-2). Breeder and Foundation seed of NERICA-L were produced in conjunction with the African Rice
Initiative, and a PVS workshop organized for 30 researchers from 10 African countries. A large number of
intra- and interspecific varieties were developed with adaptation to rainfed lowland systems in Africa; in all,
1694 segregating lines: 753 intraspecific and 941 interspecific.
Four irrigated rice varieties (3 NERICA and 1 sativa) were released in The Gambia. Water-saving technology,
giving a 19-40% reduction in water use, was developed.
Advances were made in the methodology for drought assessment using historical and satellite data. Several
traits contributing to drought tolerance were identified, along with sources of drought tolerance. A population
segregating for osmotic adjustment and root characteristics was developed.
Control methods for termites, including choice of NERICA, were developed; NPK rates for NERICA
established, sowing density recommendations made for NERICA, and NERICAs assessed for weed
competitiveness.
NARS scientists of Mali, Burkina Faso, Guinea and The Gambia were trained at Africa Rice Center
(WARDA) in handling MAS for RYMV resistance. New equipment needed for MAS was sent to those
NARS to establish new biotechnology labs. BC3F1 populations with resistance to RYMV were developed.
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2.1.2 Program 2: Rice Policy and Development
The program showed that the performance indicators for irrigated rice production depend on the scheme types
(source of energy), scheme management, level of organization of farmers and their ability to provide
marketing services. It was further demonstrated that by improving water use efficiency, productivity
improvements, marketing, and improved management practices, the irrigated rice schemes in West Africa
could contribute to improving their (international) comparative advantage, while improving intra-regional
trade in domestic rice and meeting regional rice demand.
A new methodology based on the Average Treatment Effect (ATE) was developed to improve ex-post impact
assessment. Two general purpose impact assessment tools in the form of Stata add-on software modules have
been developed.
A study in Benin estimated that about 15.4% of rice harvested is lost during post-harvest handling.
Nevertheless, local rice is more competitive for price than imported rice. Evidence was found that consumers
preferred NERICA 2 due to its shorter cooking time and its swelling ability. NERICA adoption has a positive
and significant impact on farmers‘ yield and income. More women than men are adopting NERICA varieties,
but seed availability was identified as a major constraint.
The ROCARIZ network collaborated with Africa Rice Center (WARDA) to organize the Africa Rice
Congress in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, under the aegis of the Tanzanian Ministry of Agriculture, Food and
Cooperatives. The Congress, attended by 212 participants from national programs, CGIAR Centres,
academia, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the media, adopted four (4) strategic resolutions with
far-reaching implications for the future of rice research and development in Africa.
ARI produced over 60 tonnes of foundation seed for use in ARI countries, and over 4000 tonnes were
produced by pilot countries. More than 3 tonnes of seed was supplied to Liberia and Sierra Leone for
rehabilitation efforts in these post-conflict countries. Partnership between farmers and the private sector was
facilitated by ARI, particularly in Benin where the private sector funded NERICA PVS and seed production.
A review of Nigeria rice sector policy had a number of outcomes including:
1. The Nigerian government:
- Removed tariffs on imported processing equipment and increased the imported
rice tariff from 50% to 150%
- Provided a 50% subsidy on rice seed
- Provided a 25% subsidy on fertilizer
2. The Presidential Initiative on Rice distributed:
- 600 tonnes of NERICA Foundation seed in 2006
- 300 tonnes of NERICA Certified seed in 2006
3. The private-sector-led MARKETS program improved quality of rice processing for 9,000 farmers in
2006
2.1.3 Program support units

2.1.3.1 Genetic Resources Unit
Africa Rice Center (WARDA) Genetic Resources Unit (GRU) has as its objectives the collection,
conservation, management, use and continued availability of rice genetic resources to national research
partners and other collaborators.
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In 2006, the new genebank was completed in Togoudo (Benin), and there are 5,600 accessions in medium
storage. A total of 18,000 accessions are conserved in the IITA genebank at Ibadan, Nigeria, and a further
safety backup of 1,000 samples placed at Fort Collins, USA.
Activities during 2006 included:
141 accessions of O. sativa landraces characterized.

600 accessions of O. glaberrima characterized
3800 accessions multiplied in Ibadan, 311 accessions in Cotonou and 1200 accessions at Dévé,
Benin.
Seeds from 38,000 accessions were fumigated and dressed
A total of 39,487 accessions of seed were distributed – West Africa (30,098), East, Central and
South Africa (7,817) and Others (1,572)
2.1.3.2 Biosafety and Plant Quarantine

Africa Rice Center (WARDA) Plant Quarantine and Biosafety Unit continues to be actively involved in the
process of developing biosafety regulations in the region. The plant quarantine facility at Africa Rice Center
(WARDA) is a cornerstone in strengthening domestic quarantine capabilities by providing assistance in
meeting the plant health requirements. It is an important link between Africa Rice Center (WARDA) and
NARS.
In 2006, the unit was responsible for:
9.45 tonnes of seeds fumigated and treated

Request forms for import permits and certificates were developed
25 import permits and phytosanitary certificates obtained
2.1.3.3 Training, Information and Library Services (TILS)

A working library facility was constructed and brought into use in 2006. A total of 418 participants from 27
African countries took part in 11 regional training sessions/specialist workshops organized by TILS during
2006. Topics dealt with ranged from molecular techniques to rice policy and food security.
A total of 45 interns, including 10 women, from eight African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d‘Ivoire,
Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Niger, Nigeria and Togo) and two European countries (The Netherlands and France)
were hosted by TILS. This included eight students at PhD level and 28 at the MSc/DEA/DAA levels.
In conformity with the new vision of WARDA, TILS was dissolved in early 2007 and its services integrated
within the Corporate Services and Research Divisions.
3. AFRICA RICE CENTER (WARDA) INVOLVEMENT IN

CHALLENGE PROGRAMS
The Challenge Programs bring together powerful coalitions to use advanced technologies and
traditional plant diversity to address the continuing problem of hunger, especially among the
resource-poor farmers of the developing world. Africa Rice Center (WARDA) is engaged in each of
the four Challenge Programs to ensure that rice producers and rice consumers alike are able to reap
the manifold benefits from these initiatives.
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3.1 HarvestPlus CP
The primary underlying cause of micronutrient malnutrition is poor quality diet, characterized by high intakes
of food staples, but low consumption of animal and fish products, fruits, grain legumes and vegetables, which
are rich sources of protein, bioavailable minerals and vitamins. Biofortification of staple crops provides, at
low cost, a sustainable food source with improved levels of micronutrients.
WARDA in collaboration with HarvestPlus and an advanced research laboratory in Australia has screened a
wide range of germplasm covering breeding lines from rainfed and irrigated ecologies and O. sativa and O.
glaberrima accessions and landraces from the Genetic Resources Unit for a range of important
micronutrients. WARDA has identified varieties which have higher Fe and Zn content compared with
reported values among Asian rices. The initial research, which suggests these varieties are suitable for both
upland and lowland ecologies, is a prelude to further developing varieties with improved levels of
micronutrients in rice for Africa through genetic engineering once the heritability traits are confirmed.
3.2 Generation CP
The products of the genomics revolution will not address the needs of the poor without this strong coalition of
institutions dedicated to alleviating poverty through a combination of molecular technology and traditional
plant breeding. WARDA is involved in several GCP projects aimed at exploiting genes from O. glaberrima
using genetic and genomic science. The cultivated African rice species O. glaberrima has known resistance to
biotic and abiotic stresses and has been described recently as possessing higher genetic diversity than
previously thought. The use of this diversity is an important challenge for rice breeding, and constitutes the
main objective of different projects or initiatives.
Achievements recorded by the GCP:
The Genetic Resources Unit supplied 300 drought-tolerant accessions, lines and varieties for the
3000 global genetic resource
The Biotechnology Unit completed at Cornell the genotyping of 3000 accessions of rice with six
SSR markers. The population structure was determined.
The Biotechnology Unit completed the drought screening of Chromosome Segment Substitution
Lines (CSSLs) from Caiapo x O. glaberrima (IRGC103544) and IR64 x O. glaberrima
(TOG5681) for identification of gene/QTLs associated with drought-tolerant traits. In the Caiapo
x O. glaberrima (IRGC103544) population, drought stress, on average, reduced plant height, leaf
number, leaf length, number of fertile panicles, grain yield and total biomass but increased canopy
temperature, stomatal resistance, number of sterile panicles. In the IR64 x TOG5681 population,
plant height was also reduced by drought stress.
New and ongoing project involvement:
1. The GCP competitive project ―Exploring Natural Genetic Variation: Developing Genomic Resources
and Introgression Lines for four AA genome Rice Relatives‖ in collaboration with Cornell
University (USA), Fedearroz (Colombia) and EMBRAPA (Brazil) – approved in 2004 and continues
until
2. The ‗iBridges‘ competitive project ―Interspecific bridges that give full access to the African rice
allele pool for enhancing drought tolerance in Asian rice‖ in collaboration with PhilRice
(Philippines), CIAT (Colombia), Arizona University (USA), Punjab (INDIA), Fedearroz IER (Mali)
and INERA (Burkina Faso) – approved to start in 2007
3. The commissioned project ―Integration of genomic tools with conventional screening for developing
NERICA rice cultivars for West Africa‖ led by WARDA in collaboration with IER (Mali), IRD
(France) and CIAT (Colombia) – approved to start in 2007
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4. Generation CP Fellowship 2007. A PhD student was selected for the Generation CP Fellowship 2007
for a period of nine months at WARDA for the project entitled ―Characterization and molecular
introgression of bacterial leaf blight resistance gene in rice‖ – effective from June 2007).
3.3 Water and Food CP

The Center is participating in this Challenge Program in collaboration with WorldFish, IFPRI and NARES,
NGO and governmental organizations from Asia and Africa. The project entitled Community-based Fish
Culture in Irrigation Systems and Seasonal Floodplains was approved for implementation in 2005 and made
good progress in 2006. The aim of the project is to investigate fish productivity using seasonal floodwaters of
large rivers such as the Indus-Ganges, Mekong and Niger for rice-fish culture. These waters are considerably
underutilized in terms of managed aquatic productivity. The underlying assumption of the approach is that all
stakeholders can communally manage seasonal water bodies under equitable and sustainable sharing
arrangements. is coordinating the research in the floodplains of the Niger River in Mali. The work is executed
by IER, PVRES, ORM, Direction Régional de la Pêche and the Coordination Régionale ONG.
3.4 Sub-Saharan Africa CP

The SSA-CP addresses the three major challenges to African agriculture: failure of agricultural markets,
inappropriate policies and natural resource degradation using the concept of Integrated Agricultural Research
for Development (IAR4D). Africa Rice Center (WARDA), in collaboration with other CG Centers, FARA,
NARES in West and Central Africa and through sub-regional organizations, including CORAF/WECARD,
helped identify and characterize pilot learning sites in each of three cross-border sub-regions. The main foci
of this program are:
Improving accessibility and efficiency of markets for smallholder and pastoral products
Developing technologies for intensifying subsistence-oriented farming systems
Developing smallholder production systems that are compatible with sound NRM
Catalyzing the formulation and adoption policies that will encourage innovation to improve the
livelihoods of smallholders and pastoralists
Currently, nine projects have been approved through competitive bidding for funding during the three-year
―Proof of Concept‖ implementation phase from 2007-2009. WARDA is a partner in one of the projects in the
Kano-Katsina-Maradi Pilot Learning Site in West and Central Africa. All projects have links with WARDA
MTP Projects and Systemwide Programs.
A senior Africa Rice Center (WARDA) scientist sits on the steering committee of the SSA-CP coordinated by
FARA. The Africa Rice Center is actively involved in the planning process for the next series of pilot sites
and hopes to take leadership in one of these key new sites.
4. AFRICA RICE CENTER (WARDA) INVOLVEMENT IN

SYSTEMWIDE PROGRAMS
4.1 Systemwide Initiative on HIV/AIDS and Agriculture (SWIHA)

The CGIAR response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic is the Systemwide Initiative on HIV/AIDS and Agriculture
(SWIHA) of which Africa Rice Center is the convening center. In line with SC recommendations, SWIHA
benefits from its own Medium Term Plan (see Annex C). SWIHA ensures that institutions in agriculture and
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rural development are alive to the role that they can play in the collective effort to mitigate further spread of
HIV/AIDS. It carries out its own research – currently in four countries in West and Central Africa – and is
also active in the transfer of relevant knowledge on the pandemic and its effects on agriculture throughout
Africa, in developing policies and strategies to mitigate the effect of the pandemic on rural livelihoods, and
tool kits of methodologies and training manuals to support research and for capacity building.
4.2 Inland Valley Consortium

The ecoregional program of IVC released WAIVIS (West African Inland Valley Information System) in
2004. This software draws upon the data accumulated during the first 10 years of inland valley research.
Apart from scientists in national programs, international organizations like IWMI and FAO are using
WAIVIS. Immediately after its release IVC started with the development of its successor NIVISA (National
Inland Valley Information Systems of Africa). NIVISA is a relational database capturing all geo-referenced
information of inland valleys in a common format. NIVISA started in 2004 in Guinea, followed by Togo
(2005), and Benin, Burkina Faso and Mali in (2006). Further adoption is expected in 2007, 2008 and 2009.
IVC has its own MTP (Annex B)
4.3 Systemwide Livestock Program

Many small-scale rice farmers grow crops in mixed crop-livestock systems within which rice straw has a
distinct fodder value. Africa Rice Center (WARDA) is teamed up with ILRI, IRRI and ICRISAT to carry out
multidimensional improvement of the fodder value of rice straw for ruminants. The research agenda includes
an assessment of the opportunities for exploiting variation in fodder value of rice straw in current varieties
and opportunities for further rice improvement with respect to rice straw fodder as an additional breeding and
selection criterion.
4.4 On-line Learning Resource Project (Information and Communications Technology –

Knowledge Management)
The objective in creating an On-line Learning Resource Center (OLR) is to enhance the quality and
pertinence of information related to agriculture and natural resource management in collaboration with key
partners (NARES, CGIAR centers, Agriculture Programs and Universities). The OLR will allow the rapid
transfer of ‗public goods‘ created within the CGIAR no matter where and in what format, develop a state-of-
the-art educational resource with a joint platform approach to education and training, and build the capacity of
national partners. The entry point and coordination unit for this program is Library Services.
4.5 Consortium for Spatial Information (ICT-KM)

Africa Rice Center (WARDA) is a member of the Consortium for Spatial Information (CSI) and takes an
active part in the Information and Communications Technology – Knowledge Management project. The
existing geo-spatial data at Africa Rice Center (WARDA) were inventoried and the datasets were compiled
using a common methodology to form part of a meta-database that was released in February 2007. The
database is searchable in English, French, Spanish and Chinese. It has led to better availability and sharing of
geo-spatial data, and increased collaboration across centers. Geo-referenced data of 13 CG centers can be
accessed on-line. The release of the CSI meta-database signified the end of the ICT-KM project.
4.6 Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Resource-poor farmers in developing countries, who currently rely on rice, lose an estimated 10% in yield
each year because of soil-dwelling insect pests. Africa Rice Center (WARDA) involvement in this sub-
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program on integrated pest management focuses on sustainable management of termites through a
combination of improved management techniques and identification and dissemination of NERICAs with
resistance/tolerance to termites.
4.7 Proposed Systemwide Program to Combat Desertification: Oasis

The CGIAR has urged Centers to ‗elevate their game‘ by aligning their collective work more visibly with
major global initiatives such as the environmental conventions agreed through the United Nations. One case
in point is the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD). Compared to the Climate Change
Convention, the Desertification Convention has a less vigorous connection to the scientific community—a
weakness that has hindered its progress. CGIAR Centers are spending about US$ 120 million per annum to
combat degradation in the drylands, but these efforts are fragmented among Centers and low in visibility
because they are submerged within other thematic programs and initiatives. There is a need to bring these to
the surface, interlink them to build complementarities and synergies, formulate more holistic approaches, and
present a unified, visible contribution aligned with the global framework of the UNCCD and its linkages with
the UN Conventions on climate change and on biodiversity. Eleven CG centers (CIAT, CIFOR, CIMMYT,
ICARDA, ICRAF, ICRISAT, IFPRI, IITA, IPGRI, ILRI and WARDA) have joined forces to propose this
Systemwide Program called ‗Oasis.‘ WARDA is actively involved in its development.
5. OUTLOOK FOR 2007
5.1 Projects begun in 2006

Interspecific Hybridization Project – Japan Phase 4 ― Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA),
Japan – (MTP Program 1: projects 1, 2)
Interspecific Hybridization Project – UNDP Phase 3 ― South-South Cooperation (SSC) Unit,
UNDP (started January 2007) – (Program 1: projects 1,2)
Identification of high yield potential varieties and their plant types in the humid zone in West and
Central Africa ― Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Japan – (Program 1: projects 1,2)
Enhancing capacity for NERICA dissemination ― UNDP – (Program 2: project 6)
Promoting Ant-Based Pest Control in Tree Crops in W/Africa ― CFH – (Program 2: project 6)
PVS Extension ― UNDP – (Program 1: project 2)
Improving the productivity of irrigated rice systems to fight poverty in Mauritania ― PDIAIM –
(Program 1: project 3)
5.2 Projects completed in 2006

WARDA/AVRDC Collaboration ― USAID
FPATDD Mali and Nigeria ― Rockefeller Foundation
ROCARIZ ― USAID
Peri-Urban Lowland ― Germany
NERICA Promotion in the Bumba province DRC ― IFAD
AVRDC/WARDA on Promotion of Superior Vegetable Cultivars ― Republic of Taiwan
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A total of 24 projects were ongoing during 2006. Output targets for some of the projects completed in 2006
feature in the 2007 output targets in this MTP, and some outcomes are relevant for 2008 and beyond.
5.3 Collaboration
5.3.1 WARDA–IRRI–CIAT Collaboration
The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), the Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT)
and the Africa Rice Center (WARDA) have many decades of experience in rice R & D through working with
poor farmers in unfavorable environments across Asia, Latin America and Africa. WARDA has successfully
developed and deployed NERICA rice varieties to improve rice production in uplands and now lowlands.
IRRI successfully deployed rice varieties and production technologies that triggered the green revolution in
Asia. IRRI can therefore adapt its successful Asian experience to African conditions in collaboration with the
Africa Rice Center (WARDA) and other national and international centers and help develop viable national
rice R&D systems to address the problems of small rice producers in SSA. IRRI is bringing its formidable
capacities in germplasm improvement and expertise in genomics and biotechnology. The elite breeding
material developed and adapted to irrigated, rainfed and upland ecosystems in rice growing countries of Asia,
including germplasm identified under the INGER network and a large number of interspecific progenies
generated from crosses of Asian (O. sativa) x African (O. glaberrima) species (>5000 introgression lines),
will be available for evaluation and adaptation under African conditions. Successful development of mutually
beneficial IRRI-Africa Rice Center (WARDA) collaboration plays a critical role in supporting the rebuilding
of the rice sector of resource-poor countries of SSA. CIAT has the mandate for rice in Latin America and has
a history of collaboration with Africa Rice Center (WARDA) through exchange of germplasm and joint
efforts on genotyping of accessions.
5.3.2 Collaboration with NARS

Africa Rice Center (WARDA) has traditionally strong partnership links with the NARS, in particular, which
means that the Center draws on a pool of nearly 150 senior scientists—including its own staff—both through
direct links and those created and fostered under the aegis of the ROCARIZ and ARI networks and the Inland
Valley Consortium. This collaboration with the NARS has been further extended by the presence of
ECARRN in eastern Africa and the extension of the ARI activities in eastern and central Africa.
Within multi-country activities and projects, WARDA uses its superior buying power to drive down the cost
of commonly-used materials and equipment for its NARS collaborators, as well as funding project-related
activities, including training and cross-border travel for the collaborating scientists. Typically, within a project
framework, the NARS make in-kind contributions in terms of staff time. The adoption of this approach
enables WARDA to fulfill its project objectives while contributing simultaneously to capacity-building in the
NARS. A number of NARS staff, nominated by their respective institutions, are welcomed to WARDA for
periods from one or two weeks to several months to work intensively on collaborative projects within the
framework of the ROCARIZ and other networks.
5.3.3 Role of partners in project implementation

Partnership with NARES and development agencies is the modus operandi for project implementation. The
mechanism includes exchange and joint field visits, preparation and implementation of joint research project
proposals. Producer organizations and farmers collaborate directly in the identification of constraints and
research priorities, and the implementation of on-farm adaptive research. NARS partners have principal
responsibility for implementation of country level project activities. SROs and universities have a partnership
role in the development and implementation of activities, including joint research projects and training.
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5.3.4 Other collaboration
Africa Rice Center (WARDA) continues to engage with other international centers of excellence, with
national institutions, with NGOs and with the private sector. Improved line rice and varieties of good quality
and rice technology must be made available to the poor farmers not only through the traditional, national
agricultural research and extension system but also through partners in the private sector. This requires the
attention of WARDA scientists. Several new Memoranda of Understanding have been signed with
organizations, including the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Nigeria, the Songhai
Centre in Benin, and Nagoya University of Japan. WARDA‘s critical mass of scientists was substantially
improved in 2006 by the secondment to the Center of seven scientists from JICA and JIRCAS.
ExCo 10 instructed ―both IITA and WARDA proceed with deliberate speed on the alignment of their
Corporate Services‖. At the AGM 2006, the IITA and WARDA Directors General announced that the
Corporate Service alignment in Benin would proceed with an implementation date on 1 September 2007. A
general Memorandum of Agreement on the alignment of Corporate Services between WARDA and IITA was
signed on 16 April 2007. The agreement deals with the details of the provision of Corporate Services in
Cotonou, Ibadan and Dar-es-Salaam where WARDA and IITA have joint operations. IITA will handle the
services in Ibadan and Dar-es-Salaam, while WARDA will handle the services in Cotonou. A joint and
detailed roadmap, the plans to operationalize the strategy, the timeline and the resources are all in place to set
up common corporate services for the activities at the IITA research station in Benin, where WARDA‘s
temporary headquarters is based. The process is expected to come into effect in September 2007, by which
time WARDA will manage the whole Cotonou station through common corporate services.
The alignment of Corporate Services is combined with a Governance Alignment. Common IITA/WARDA
Board members attended both IITA and WARDA Board meetings in March 2007 in Ibadan (Nigeria) and
Cotonou (Benin), respectively. They now serve in committees of both Boards.
6. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND PRIORITY SETTING
The Fifth External Program and Management Review (EPMR) of WARDA took place in mid-2007. CCERs
on Integrated Genetic and Natural Resources Management (IGNRM), on Socio-economics, on the Inland
Valley Consortium and on Africa Rice Center (WARDA) Partnerships were completed in advance of this
EPMR. An external evaluation commissioned by UNDP on the Interspecific Hybridization Project is also
available.
7. Research priority setting and planning
Building on the outputs of the 2004 priority setting exercise, this MTP reviews and updates Center priorities
following consultation with the National Experts Committee (NEC), the ROCARIZ, ARI and IVC networks,
and SWIHA via their steering committees that meet every year. Africa Rice Center (WARDA) Research Days
provide further opportunity for priority setting. The recommendations of the CCERs on partnership,
integrated genetic and natural resources management, socio-economics and on IVC have guided priority
setting; and so too do the valuable recommendations enshrined in donor reviews of research such as those
undertaken by the Japanese Government on the IHP project, by the EU on its supported projects, and by the
USAID on the functioning of cereals networks in West Africa.
Over the last few years System Priorities have been a major driver influencing Center research priorities. This
MTP is cognizant of these SPs and framework plans including the SSA Regional Plan for Collective Action.
Board oversight through the Program Committee underpins relevance, quality and products of research
including priority setting guided by the Center Strategic Plan.
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7.1 Research days
Research Days provide staff of the Africa Rice Center (WARDA) with an opportunity to turn the spotlight
inward on Africa Rice Center (WARDA), with additional help from those of our partners present. Past
performance is reviewed and plans for the following years are presented and subjected to a mixture of
constructive criticism and praise. The 2006 Research Days were held from 13-15 November at Togoudou
Station, Cotonou. About 80 scientists, researchers, NARS and NGO representatives, together with invited
guests from other organizations with an active interest in riziculture were present at the meeting. Keynote
presentations were made by the Director General, Director of Research and the ADG Corporate Services,
together with program and project leaders, network and Systemwide initiative coordinators, and heads of
support units.
7.2 Thematic groups

In late 2006 the Africa Rice Center (WARDA) established five thematic groups (Genetic improvement;
Natural Resources Management; Socioeconomics; Integrated Pest Management; Technology transfer)
bringing together scientists in related disciplines to – among other roles – assure science quality, provide
oversight of research planning and contribute to priority setting.
7.3 Consortium Steering Committee of IVC

The Consortium Steering Committee (CSC) met twice in 2006. Once during the Annual Workshop of the
Consortium, which was held on 2–5 May in Serrekunda, The Gambia. Dr Vincent Mama of INRAB, Benin,
came to the end of his two-year term and stepped down as President. The CSC elected Ansumana Gibba of
NARI, The Gambia, as his successor. The second CSC meeting was held from 6–7 November at WARDA in
Cotonou. Besides the usual housekeeping decisions the CSC decided that the Annual Workshop for 2007 will
be held in East or southern Africa, where members from West and Central Africa can share their inland valley
experience with researchers from East and southern Africa.
7.4 Steering Committee of the African Rice Initiative

The African Rice Initiative Steering Committee met in Cotonou during the week of April 18–20, 2006 with
the participation of all the members including the donors‘ representative Mrs Kae Yanagisawa. As in the
previous year, seed production and distribution was identified as the first priority to be addressed by ARI to
promote NERICA. To achieve this, the committee has restated all its 2005 recommendations on seed as
follows:
i. Emphasis should be put on breeder and foundation seed production
ii. ARI should support and encourage the production of certified seed by local
communities and the private sector
iii. ARI should conduct training in seed production and train communities in
iv. Community-based seed systems (CBSS)
v. The committee also urged the donors‘ representative to support the coordinator‘s
resource mobilization efforts.
Other priority areas identified were the development of complementary technologies for NERICAs, post-
harvest handling and processing.
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7.5 Steering Committee of ROCARIZ
The ROCARIZ network will continue to work on the five major priority themes: rice varietal selection,
natural resource management, integrated pest management, socio-economics and technology transfer.
Between the rice improvement and IPM Task Forces, the network will support the development and
dissemination for site-specific selection in the following areas: (i) evaluation of inter- and intraspecific
segregating populations and the selection of improved rice lines which combine good yield potential and
multiple stress tolerance (ii) fixed lines will be identified at one or two sites which combine good yield
potential with multiple stress tolerance and (iii) superior rice lines will be selected and evaluated by farmers
through PVS.
The Socio-Economics Task Force will broaden its outlook to assess impact and policy issues affecting the rice
sector in NARS countries. The Natural Resource Management Task Force will continue to work on soil
fertility, water and cropping systems. The Technology Transfer Task Force will use participatory methods to
evaluate post-harvest methodologies and adopt the PLAR methodology in most of its activities.
In the next three years, training programs and yearly Task Force meetings will be carried out for all the
thematic groups. Universities in the sub-region will be brought into the network‘s work. Breeder seed
production for most new rice lines will be a major network activity.
7.6 Steering Committee of ECARRN

ECARRN will continue to work with NARS and other partners with an interest in rice. The research activities
of the network will be guided by the order of priorities identified during the priority setting exercise. The
prioritized sub-themes will constitute projects under which activities can be developed. Development of the
projects will be aligned with the research activities of the major projects of the Africa Rice Centre. There are
two approved research projects which are expected to be implemented starting in 2007. These are:
Integrated management options for a sustainable lowland rice-legumes cropping system

Livelihood improvement through integrated management practices for lowland rice.
IRRI and WARDA will also implement a new IFAD-funded project ‗Alleviating rural poverty through
improving rice production in East and Southern Africa‘.
Under the new ASARECA operational Plan, the current 17 Networks, Programs and Projects (NPPs) will be
transformed into seven programs. Rice will be embedded in Program 1 which is the Staple Crops Program. It
is envisaged that the activities of ECARRN will be aligned with the priorities of Program 1 of ASARECA.
Similarly, research activities will be formulated in accordance with the new Regional Plan for Collective
Action in ESA. With this new initiative, it is foreseen that ECARRN will play a role in Flagships 3 and 4,
although it can also work in collaboration with other partners in Flagships 1 and 2.
ECARRN organized a Stakeholders‘ Workshop on priority setting in Nairobi using a standard procedure
developed by ASARECA. The process involving stakeholders of the rice sub-sector in the Eastern and
Central Africa sub-region ranked the following themes in order of priority: 1) Human and institutional
capacity development, 2) Enhanced information and knowledge-sharing mechanisms, 3) Increased production
and productivity of rice-based production systems in the ECA region, 4) Enabling policies and improved rice
marketing systems.
7.7 Steering Committee of Systemwide Initiative on HIV/AIDS and Agriculture

SWIHA has continued to enlist new partners in its activities, developing working relationships with the
national HIV/AIDS programs in Benin and other West African countries, and establishing collaborative
working relationships with CABI and several NARES.
19
An English-language training manual on Positive Living is being translated into French for training use in
French-speaking West African countries as a joint collaborative effort with CABI. Regular workplace
sensitization meetings were organized.
7.8 Africa Rice Center (WARDA) role in activities beyond the CGIAR System Priorities
WARDA‘s research agenda as outlined in this MTP is fully geared towards ensuring that 80% of Center
activities are fully aligned with the CGIAR SPs. However, in order to highlight the research for development
continuum, training/capacity building and development activities have been removed to be covered within the
remaining 20%. The Center, which is an association of 17 member States, also has to acknowledge in
collaboration with its partners, including donors, that successful dissemination of WARDA IPGs risks being
hampered by underdeveloped infrastructure in Africa and weak and often underfunded NARES. WARDA
strives to overcome this potential blockage by welcoming seconded scientists, such as those from JICA and
JIRCAS, who contribute to the critical mass of the Center but frequently have a pre-determined capacity
building and training commitment to the NARS, and also by working through the various initiatives and
networks hosted by the Center.
Underpinning scientific research is therefore available to develop and validate the training and capacity
building work of the Center‘s own Genetic Resources Unit, for the INGER and ROCARIZ networks, and for
Systemwide initiatives and consortia such as SWIHA and the IVC. Africa Rice Center scientists also mentor
the upcoming generation of young African scientists working for first and advanced science degrees.
8. FINANCING PLAN
2006 OUTCOME AND 2007 FORECAST

2006 Actual 2007 Estimate
(US$ million) (US$ million)
Sources of funds
Donor funding
a. Unrestricted 6.04 4.63
b. Targeted 5.51 6.39
Earned income 0.36 0.39
Total 11.92 11.41
Application of funds
Programmatic 8.45 7.96
Management and general expenses 2.94 3.28
Depreciation 0.90 0.90
Less: Overhead recoveries (0.66) (0.73)
Total 11.64 11.41
Surplus/(Deficit) 0.28 0.00
In 2006, about 73% of resources were utilized for programmatic activities. WARDA ended the year
with a surplus of US$ 0.28 million, thereby strengthening its long term reserves to a healthy level of
102 days of operations.
20
For 2007, the Working Budget is balanced at US$ 11.41 million, with projected expenditure
matching revenues. Reserves should stay over 100 days and the allocation to programs is projected
at around 70% of total expenditure.
FINANCING PLAN 2008

The proposed funding, including earned income, for financing the Center operations in 2008 amounts to US$
12.44 million. This includes World Bank funding at a level of US$ 1.00 million. The projected unrestricted
funding amounts to US$ 5.98 million while restricted/project funding is projected at US$ 6.26 million. Earned
income is projected at US$ 0.20 million. Table 7 of the MTP provides details of the funding and donor
support for 2008 agenda.
US$ (M) %
Unrestricted support 5.98 48
Targeted /restricted funding 6.26 50
Subtotal 12.24 98
Center-earned income 0.20 2
Total 12.44 100
Spending is planned to be at the level of US$ 12.29 million leaving a surplus of US$ 0.15 million to
strengthen Center reserves.
OVERVIEW FOR THE PERIOD 2007-2010

Projected operating levels for the period 2007 to 2010
The 2007 funding level of the Center has been used as the basis for developing the plans for 2008 to 2010.
The expected level of donor funding for 2007 is projected at US$ 11.41million. Combined growth and
inflation rates of 2.0% and 2.6% have been incorporated in the plans for the years 2009 and 2010,
respectively. The Center-projected operating levels for 2007 to 2010 are:
US$ (million)
2007 2008 2009 2010
Projected donor funding
a. Unrestricted funding 4.63 5.98 5.98 5.98
b. Targeted funding 6.39 6.26 6.46 6.79
Earned income 0.39 0.20 0.20 0.20
Total projected funding 11.41 12.44 12.64 12.97
Temporary relocation to Cotonou, Benin and alignment of Corporate Services

As a result of the Ivorian crises in September 2002 and November 2004, the Center had to move twice in two
years. After a first move to Bamako, Mali, WARDA relocated its headquarters temporarily to Cotonou,
Benin. The temporary site in Bamako, Mali is now closed. In Abidjan only a small liaison office is
maintained. A WARDA representative at the M‘bé HQ supervises all research activities related to seed
production and the genebank.
21
Since January 2005, the Center has fully been operational out of Cotonou, Benin and, based on a Board
decision, WARDA is planning to remain at this site for at least a five-year period. Other stations at Saint-
Louis, Senegal, Ibadan, Nigeria and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania remain in operation. WARDA initially signed
an agreement with IITA, Cotonou to rent offices and share a number of operational services. Two existing
greenhouses were converted. All costs of conversion were realized in 2006 and will be depreciated over a
five-year period.
Most recently (April 2007), WARDA and IITA signed an agreement to align both Centers‘ corporate services.
WARDA will handle all corporate services in Cotonou, while IITA will continue to administer the WARDA
operations in Ibadan and Dar es Salaam. Detailed arrangements for staffing, services and charges have been
worked out. The effective starting date will be 1 September 2007.
Inflation and exchange rates

The combined annual weighted inflation in West Africa is projected at around 2.5–3.5%. The CFA franc is
pegged to the Euro.
The weakening of the US dollar continues to be a financial challenge. An increase in the non-dollar income is
more than offset by the fact that a large portion of WARDA‘s expenditure is in the CFA/Euro zone. The
Center is monitoring this situation continually, and takes remedial steps wherever possible.
Funding trends
With the continued efforts in fund raising and the harnessing of greater public awareness on the importance of
strategic rice research within its community of donors, WARDA has consistently increased its revenue.
Funding has increased in nominal terms from US$ 9.0 million in 1998 to US$ 11.41 million in 2007
(expected), a 37% increase in eight years. In real terms, however, adjusting for inflation and exchange rates
shows growth has been minimal.
Fundraising efforts, a well defined research focus, the revision of the 2008–2010 MTP projects, the success of
WARDA research, and a greater public awareness of NERICA all indicate that it is reasonable to expect a
moderate but steady growth in funding for the plan period of 2008–2010. Particular attention is paid to the
need to obtain annual contributions from WARDA‘s member States. Good progress has recently been made
in this respect.
Financial indicators
WARDA is continuing its efforts to improve its short and long term reserves to be able to absorb unexpected
adverse financial developments. The Center has come a long way in improving its financial health.
Liquidity and adequacy of reserves (expressed in days of operation)
Year 2002 2005 2006 2007
Days (5) 87 102 105

In 2002 the Institute‘s reserves were negative (5 days). Four years later, at the end of 2006, both the Liquidity
and reserves stand at 102 days against a benchmark of 90–120 and 75–90, respectively. The Board,
management and staff are working together to reach a level that can support consistent and uninterrupted
operations in case of funding shocks, delays in donor contributions, dramatic exchange fluctuations or any
other adverse financial development. The intention is to maintain these reserves in a bracket between 90 and
120 days.
22
Allocation of resources for the period 2008 to 2010
The research activities and allocation of resources were determined after an in-depth review of WARDA
programs and research projects at a special program retreat. The retreat was followed by meetings of staff at
different levels of the Center. A Center-wide review was also undertaken by the Board and Management to
set priorities for the development of the 2008–2010 MTP. In line with Center priorities and strategy 2003–
2012, research is allocated 70% of total Center resources. The main budget tables reflect the allocation of
funds to projects, source of funding, and linkage with the CGIAR research agenda and systems priorities
within the newly-adopted log frame.
Allocation by CGIAR activities 2006–2010

US$ (million)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Actual Estimate % Proposal % Plan Plan
Increasing productivity 4.9 4.5 40 4.8 39 4.7 4.7

Protecting the environment 0.6 0.5 4 0.7 5 0.7 0.7
Saving biodiversity 1.3 1.8 16 1.9 15 2.0 2.1
Improving policies 0.9 0.8 7 1.0 8 1.0 1.0
Strengthening NARS 3.8 3.7 33 4.0 33 4.1 4.4
Total 11.6 11.4 100 12.3 100 12.5 12.9
23
Allocation by CGIAR System Priorities in 2006-2010
US$ (million)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Estimate % Proposal % Plan Plan
1.6 1.3 12 1.4 11 1.4 1.4
Sustainable biodiversity for current
and future generations
3.5 3.1 27 3.3 27 3.4 3.5
Producing more and better food at
lower cost through genetic
improvements
Reducing rural poverty through 0.9 0.4 4 0.6 5 0.5 0.5
agricultural diversification and
emerging opportunity for high-
value commodity and products
Promoting poverty alleviation and 3.0 3.4 30 3.8 31 3.9 3.8

sustainable management of water,
land, and forest resources
Improving policies and facilitating 2.6 3.1 27 3.2 26 3.4 3.6
institutional innovation to support
sustainable reduction of poverty
and hunger
Total 11.6 11.4 100 12.3 100 12.5 12.9
Allocation by outputs (logical framework format)

US$ (million)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Actual Estimate % Proposal % Plan Plan
Germplasm improvement 2.1 2.1 18 1.9 16 1.9 1.9

Germplasm collection 1.4 0.9 8 1.0 8 1.0 1.1
Sustainable production 4.1 3.7 33 4.1 33 4.0 3.9
Policy 1.5 2.2 19 2.7 22 2.8 2.7
Enhancing NARS 2.5 2.5 22 2.6 21 2.9 3.3
Total 11.6 11.4 100 12.3 100 12.5 12.9
24
Allocation of resources by object of expenditure (MTP Table 6)
WARDA carefully monitors the cost structure of operations to ensure that fixed costs are kept within a
reasonable proportion of the annual budget. Approximately 40-50% of the resources are allocated to
personnel costs.
Allocation of resources by CGIAR undertaking and system priorities (MTP Table 2)

The allocation of resources to CGIAR undertakings is in accordance with WARDA‘s strategic plan
2003-–2012 priorities and consistent with CGIAR strategies and system priorities.
Allocation of resources by region (MTP Table 5)
All Center resources are directed to sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as dictated by the mandate of the Center within
the CGIAR System.
Staffing levels (MTP Table 9)

Center-hired Internationally-recruited Staff (IRS) is estimated at 49 positions including post-doctoral fellows
and visiting scientists. The same level of staffing with a slight increase is estimated during the period through
to 2010. Nationally-recruited Staff (NRS) numbers are expected to reach 165 positions in 2007 and to remain
constant thereafter. This is an important reduction compared to 2003 and 2004. A major staff reduction after
the 2002 and 2004 relocations from Côte d‘Ivoire reduced total staff.
25
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
AfDB African Development Bank

AfRGM African rice gall midge
AGRHYMET Agriculture Hydrology Meteorology Regional Center, Niger
ANADER Agence nationale d‘appui au développement rural
APO Associate Professional Officer
ARI African Rice Initiative
ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central
Africa
ASI ADRAO/SAED/ISRA thresher-cleaner
AU African Union
AVRDC The World Vegetable Center
BLB Bacterial leaf blight
BMZ Bundesministerium für Wirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit
CAADP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (of NEPAD)
CBSS Community-based Seed Systems
CCER Center-Commissioned External Report
CGIAR Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research
CIAT Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical
CIMMYT Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo
CIRAD Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le
développement
CIRES Centre Ivorien de recherche économique et sociale
CNRA Centre National de Recherche Agronomique
CSC Consortium Steering Committee
DFID Department for International Development
DGRST Direction générale de la recherche scientifique et technique
DRC Democratic Republic of Congo
ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States
ECA East and Central Africa
ECARRN East and Central Africa Rice Research Network
EU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FARA Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa
FEWS Famine Early Warning System
26
FPATDD Farmer Participatory Approaches to Technology Development and Dissemination
GIS Geographical information systems
GSS General Support Service Staff
GTZ Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit
HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
ICM Integrated Crop Management
ICT-KM Information and Communications Technology-Knowledge Management
IER Institut d‘économie rurale
IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development
IHP Interspecific Hybridization Project
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute
IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
ILRI International Livestock Research Institute
INERA Institut de l‘environnement et des recherches agricoles
INGER International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice
INPA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa de Agraria (Guinea-Bissau)
INRAB Institut national de la recherche agronomique du Bénin
INRAN Institut national de recherche agronomique du Niger
INRM Integrated Natural Resources Management
IPM Integrated Pest Management
IRAD Institut de recherche pour le développement
IRAG Institut de recherche agronomique de Guinée
IRD Integrated Resources Development
IRRI International Rice Research Institute
ISRA Institut sénégalais de recherches agricoles
ISFM integrated soil fertility management
ITC International Institute for Geo-Information Sciences and Earth Observation
(Enschede, Holland)
IVC Inland Valley Consortium
IWMI International Water Management Institute
LADEP Lowland Agricultural Development Programme
M&E Monitoring and Evaluation
MOFA Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Ghana)
MTP Medium Term Plan
NARES National Agricultural Research and Extension Systems
27
NARI National Agricultural Research Institute
NARCC National Agricultural Research Co-ordination Council
NARS National Agricultural Research Systems
NEPAD New Partnership for Africa‘s Development
NERICA New Rice for Africa
NCRI National Cereals Research Institute
NGO(s) non-governmental organization(s)
NIVISA National Inland Valley Information System of Africa
NRI Natural Resources Institute
NRM Natural Resources Management
OVDL Organisation volontaire du développement local
PADS Participatory Adaptive Research and Dissemination of Rice Technologies in
West Africa
PLAR Participatory Learning and Action Research
PVRES Projet Valorisation des Ressources en Eaux de Surface
PVS Participatory Varietal Selection
PVS-E Extension-led Participatory Variety Selection
QTL Quantitative Trait Locus (loci)
R&D research and development
ROCARIZ Réseau ouest et centre africain du riz
ROPPA Réseau des organisations paysannes et de producteurs de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
RYMV Rice Yellow Mottle Virus
SAED Société d‘aménagement et d‘exploitation des terres du Delta du Fleuve Sénégal et
des vallées du Fleuve Sénégal et de la Falémé (Senegal)
SARI Savanna Research Institute
SC Science Council of the CGIAR
TILS Training, Information and Library Services (WARDA)
UEMOA Union économique et monétaire ouest africaine
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
USAID United States Agency for International Development
WARDA West Africa Rice Development Association
WCA West and Central Africa
WECARD/CORAF West and Central African Council for Agricultural Research and
Development/Conseil ouest et centre africain pour la recherche et le
développement
WAIVIS West African Inland Valley Information System
WUR Wageningen University and Research Centre
28
About the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)
The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) was founded in 1971 as a global endeavor of
cooperation and goodwill. The CGIAR‘s mission is to contribute to food security and poverty eradication in
developing countries through research, partnership, capacity building and policy support, promoting sustainable
agricultural development based on the environmentally sound management of natural resources. The CGIAR works
to help ensure food security for the twenty-first century through its network of 15 international and
autonomous research centers, including Africa Rice Center (WARDA). Together, the centers conduct research on
crops, livestock, fisheries and forests, develop policy initiatives, strengthen national agricultural organizations,
and promote sustainable resource management practices that help provide people world-wide with better
livelihoods.
The CGIAR works in partnership with national governmental and non-governmental organizations, universities and
private industry. The United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme, the
World Bank, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations sponsor the CGIAR. The
CGIAR‘s over 50 members include developing and developed countries, private foundations, and international and
regional organizations. Developing world participation has doubled in recent years. All members of the OECD
(Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Development Assistance Committee belong to the
CGIAR.
The CGIAR is actively planning for the world‘s food needs well into the twenty-first century. It will continue to do
so with its mission always in mind and with its constant allegiance to scientific excellence.
CGIAR Centers
CIAT Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (Cali, Colombia)
CIFOR Center for International Forestry Research (Bogor, Indonesia)
CIMMYT Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maiz y Trigo (Mexico, DF, Mexico)
CIP Centro Internacional de la Papa (Lima, Peru)
ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (Aleppo, Syria)
ICLARM WorldFish Center (Penang, Malaysia)
ICRAF World Agroforestry Centre (Nairobi, Kenya)
ICRISAT International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (Patencheru,
India)
IFPRI International Food Policy Research Institute (Washington, D.C., USA)
IITA International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (Ibadan, Nigeria)
ILRI International Livestock Research Institute (Nairobi, Kenya)
IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (Rome, Italy)
IRRI International Rice Research Institute (Los Baños, Philippines)
IWMI International Water Management Institute (Colombo, Sri Lanka)
WARDA Africa Rice Center (Cotonou, Benin)
29

Africa Rice - 2008-2010 - Overview

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CGIAR

Medium Term Plan

Charting the Future of Rice

Africa Rice Center (WARDA)

Project 1: Enhancing Productivity and Stability of Upland Rice-based Systems

Project 2: Sustainable Intensification of Lowland Rice-based Systems for Enhanced

Project 3: Enhancing the Performance of Irrigated Rice-based Systems in Africa

Program 2 – Rice Policy and Development

Project 5: Adaptation to Human and Environmental Effects on Rice-based Livelihoods

Project 6: Partnerships, learning and innovation systems

Systemwide Initiative on HIV/AIDS and Agriculture (SWIHA)

1.1. A Sustainable Increase in Rice Production in Africa

1.2. Constraints to Sustainable Rice Production in Africa

1.3 International public goods

2. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS IN 2006

2.1 Program-linked achievements

2.1.1 Program 1: Integrated Production Systems

2.1.3 Program support units

141 accessions of O. sativa landraces characterized.

2.1.3.2 Biosafety and Plant Quarantine

9.45 tonnes of seeds fumigated and treated

2.1.3.3 Training, Information and Library Services (TILS)

3. AFRICA RICE CENTER (WARDA) INVOLVEMENT IN

3.3 Water and Food CP

3.4 Sub-Saharan Africa CP

4. AFRICA RICE CENTER (WARDA) INVOLVEMENT IN

4.1 Systemwide Initiative on HIV/AIDS and Agriculture (SWIHA)

4.2 Inland Valley Consortium

4.3 Systemwide Livestock Program

4.4 On-line Learning Resource Project (Information and Communications Technology –

4.5 Consortium for Spatial Information (ICT-KM)

4.6 Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

4.7 Proposed Systemwide Program to Combat Desertification: Oasis

5. OUTLOOK FOR 2007

5.1 Projects begun in 2006

5.2 Projects completed in 2006

5.3.2 Collaboration with NARS

5.3.3 Role of partners in project implementation

6. MONITORING, EVALUATION AND PRIORITY SETTING

7. Research priority setting and planning

7.2 Thematic groups

7.3 Consortium Steering Committee of IVC

7.4 Steering Committee of the African Rice Initiative

7.6 Steering Committee of ECARRN

Integrated management options for a sustainable lowland rice-legumes cropping system

7.7 Steering Committee of Systemwide Initiative on HIV/AIDS and Agriculture

2006 OUTCOME AND 2007 FORECAST

Surplus/(Deficit) 0.28 0.00

FINANCING PLAN 2008

OVERVIEW FOR THE PERIOD 2007-2010

Total projected funding 11.41 12.44 12.64 12.97

Temporary relocation to Cotonou, Benin and alignment of Corporate Services

Inflation and exchange rates

Year 2002 2005 2006 2007

Days (5) 87 102 105

Allocation by CGIAR activities 2006–2010

Increasing productivity 4.9 4.5 40 4.8 39 4.7 4.7

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Promoting poverty alleviation and 3.0 3.4 30 3.8 31 3.9 3.8

Allocation by outputs (logical framework format)

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Germplasm improvement 2.1 2.1 18 1.9 16 1.9 1.9