Fulbright Fellow Presentation on

REDD Consultation in Perú

Ben Block
Fulbright Fellow, Perú
Blockdbk@gmail.com
Amazon Development and
Consultation

Bagua
 Amazon Development and
Consultation
●
Plans for 2010-2021 include
880km of new roads and 26
hydropower plants. Some
10m ha is now titled for
mining
●
Decree 1090 (forest and
wildlife law) removed
protected status from 45
million ha of forest
●
Decree 1064 allowed
companies to change zoning
permits of concessions
Source: Dourojeanni, M Amazonía
without local approval
Peruana en 2021 (2009)
 Ley de Consulta
●
Ley del Derecho a la Consulta Previa a Los
Pueblos Indígenas u Originarios Reconocido
en el Convenio No 169 de la Organización
Internacional del Trabajo
●
May 2010 Congress passes law
●
June 2010 President Garcia issues veto
"The law approved by Congress goes beyond the [UN
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples] because it
doesn't just include tribal communities in the Amazon but also
peasant communities... If you want to build a road or gas
pipeline and the locals say 'no,' then there is no road or
electricity." - Alan Garcia Source: The Guardian
 Reducing Emissions from
Deforestation and Forest
Degradation (REDD) in Peru
●
$3.6m Forest Carbon Partnership Facility
●
$50m (projected) Forest Investment Program
●
$1.9m Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation
●
$6.9m KfW
●
$4m NORAD
●
$20m (budgeted) USAID
Source: Peru RPP to FCPF
REDD in Peru
 Sub-nested Approach
●
Regional Mesa REDDs in San Martin,
Madre de Dios, Cusco, Piura, Loreto,
Ucayali
●
At least 5 readiness activities
●
At least 12 demonstration activities

Source: Peru RPP to FCPF

 Consultation on REDD
●
Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-Term
Cooperative Action “requests developing country
Parties” to ensure the “full and effective
participation of relevant stakeholders, inter alia
indigenous peoples and local communities”
National REDD Consultation Plan
●
Comisión Nacional de Cambio Climatico's
Grupo Tecnico REDD extends official
invitation to Grupo REDD
●
Grupo REDD: Formed in 2008, includes 70
public and private institutions
●
"The R-PP contains evidence that a reasonably broad range
of key stakeholders has been identified, voices of vulnerable
groups are beginning to be heard, and that a reasonable
amount of time and effort has been invested to raise general
awareness of the basic concepts and process of REDD-plus"
-FCPF
Source: FCPF TAP
 MINAM

Organizaciones Nacionales
AIDESEP - CONAP

Organizaciones Regionales

Federaciones de Base (*)

Comunidades Nativas

(*) En el caso que las federaciones que no se encuentren afiliadas a

ninguna organización regional o nacional, el MINAM realizará las
comunicaciones directamente Source: Peru RPP
to FCPF
 National REDD Consultation Plan
●
REDD projects must comply with ILO Convention
169 requirements of “free, prior, and informed
consent” for projects on titled land
●
Developers “ought to consider if consultation is
necessary” if untitled communities are involved
●
“The three processes (forestry law, REDD and environmental
services) do not mainstream the full validity of ILO
Convention 169 as well as the UN Declaration on the rights of
indigenous peoples...REDD policies and contracts as well do
not contain effective guarantees for the mentioned indigenous
rights. Are we indigenous peoples 'less relevant' than
biodiversity or decentralization that are in fact mentioned?”
- Asociación Interétnica de Desarollo de la Selva Peruana
 Case Study: Ley Forestal
●
Law-making Phase (August 2009): Meetings in
Pucallpa, Tarapoto, Iquitos, Ica, Cajamarca,
Chiclayo, Jaén, La Merced, Huancayo, Puerto
Maldonado, Arequipa, Junin, Chacapoyas, Lima.
Overall, about 1,000 attendants
●
First Consultation Phase (August 2010): Meetings in
Puerto Maldonado, Pucallpa, Iquitos, Chiclayo,
Moyobamba, Lima
●
Second Consultation Phase (January 2011): Metings
in Iquitos, Satipo, Pucallpa, Tarapoto, Piura,
Moyobamba, Cusco, Lima
Source: Ministry of Agriculture
Regional Focus
Madre de Dios
●
40% of mining
concessions overlap
with other concessions
●
300 migrants per day for
informal mining industry
●
370,000 ha
deforestation due to
mining

Source: Ministry of Environment

 REDD in Madre de Dios

●
7 early development projects
Source: Hajek (et
al) Environmental
●
5 feasibility/ origination projects Science and Policy
Mesa sobre Servicios Ambientales
●
Regional Government of Madre de Dios formed
Comisión Técnica del Cambio Climático in March
2009
●
First informal meeting of Mesa REDD, May 2009
●
Mesa REDD created formally, December 2009
●
Name changed to Mesa sobre Servicios Ambientales
y REDD+ (MSAR), November 2010
●
“It is a space for dialogue between different public and private
organizations concerned with issues of environmental services in
the region of Madre de Dios, based on the free participation,
goodwill and commitment of its members”
Source: Reglas Procedimientos Mesa SSAA MDD
Regional Readiness Efforts
Madre de Dios
●
395 Tg (million metric tons)
carbons stored across 4.3
million ha
●
Range: 65-80 Mg C ha in
forests at the base of Andes
on Cretaceous surfaces to
85-100 MgC ha in older
tertiary substrates to 110-125
Mg C ha in more fertile, flat
Holocene alluvial surfaces
Source: Asner, et al PNAS
Regional Readiness Efforts
Madre de Dios
Carbon Decisions
deforestation
projection study,
March 2010
2006 2015 ●
$50/ha/yr
opportunity cost
results in 2%
annual
deforestation rate
2030 2040
 MAT Corridor REDD Project
●
Asociación para la Conservación de la Cuenca
Amazónica (ACCA) project
●
Objective: Conserve 400,000 ha of private forest
between Manu National Park, Los Amigos Conservation
Concession, Tambopata National Reserve
●
484 private property owners, 240 reforestation
concessions, 9 forestry concessions, 2 indigenous
communities, 7 ecotourism concessions, several Brazil
Nut harvesters
●
122.8m tons CO2 stored
●
147,308 ha estimated forest loss (37%) by 2015
●
800 species identified Source: ACCA
MAT Corridor REDD Project
Fulbright Fellow Communications Study,
November 2010

●
Analysis of ACCA survey of
74 potential MAT project
participants and 21
attendants of ACCA
workshop
 MAT Corridor REDD Project
Fulbright Fellow Communications Study
● In response to “What do you understand Do you understand payment for
ecosystem services?
about environmental services?” 80%
(71/89) said they do not understand
● In response to “What do you understand
about carbon capture?” 79% (70/89)
said that they do not understand Yes No

● Understanding improved only slightly Do you understand carbon capture?

after the workshop. In response to

questions asking for their level of
understanding of environmental services
and carbon capture, about 29% (6/21)
provided somewhat accurate responses
Yes No
Case Study: Bosques Amazonicos
Castañero REDD Project
●
Private company Bosques Amazonicos organizing 400
Brazil Nut collectors into associations
●
Federación Departamental de Productores de Castaña
de Madre de Dios (FEPROCAMD) receives carbon
rgiths from castañeros; FEPROCAMD transfers all
carbon rights to Bosques Amazonicos
●
BAM invests $1 million into new Brazil Nut processing
plant, legal and technical support
●
Castañeros adopt forest management plan, commit to
30 years of cooperation
Source: BAM
Case Study: Bosques Amazonicos
Castañero REDD Project
●
Brazil Nut co-operative
divides profits 70/30
among castañeros and
BAM
●
Carbon market sales
divided 30/70 among
castañeros and BAM
“They know they are going to
get some money at some
point. They don't know when.
They don't know how.”
 Observations
●
Participation Uncertainty
●
Marginalized Progress
●
Costly Consultation
●
Ambiguous Promises