INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

1. Express the following measurement in the units specified. Write your answer in standard form.
(i) 3.2 km = _________ mm

[2 marks]
(ii) 24 ng = ___________ mg

[2 marks]
2 2
(iii) 0.023 cm = ____________m

[2 marks]

-1 -1
(iv) 5 km h = __________ m s

[3 marks]
-3 -3
(v) 780 g cm = __________ kg m

[3 marks]
2. Table shows the reading of a size of object using three different instrument P, Q and R.
Instrument Size of object / cm
P 0.7
Q 0.71
R 0.721
(a) Based on Table, name the possible instruments for
P :_________________________________________Q :_________________________________________
R :_________________________________________ [3 marks]

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 (b) One of the three instruments in table is to use measure the external diameter of a test tube. Which of the three
instruments is most suitable?
_______________________________________________________________________________________[1mark]
(c) Figure show a micrometer screw gauge used to measure the size of an object. Determine the size of the object if the
micrometer has a zero error .Figure (a) shown zero error for micrometer screw gauge.

Figure (a) Figure (b)

[3 marks]

3. Table shown some events involving physical quantities.

Event Description
o o
A To heat the water from 27 C to 80 C
B To pull a piece of log using a tractor from the forest to the logging camp,
which is 5 km away
C To determine the time taken for a cube of ice to melt.
(a) From table, determine which event involved is a vector quantity.
______________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(b) Give reason for your answer in (a)
_________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(c) What meant by scalar quantity and give one example for scalar quantity.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]

4. Diagram 1 shows a stopwatch.

Diagram 1
(a) Name the physical quantity measured by the stopwatch.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………… [1 mark]

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 (b) State the unit used by this stopwatch.
.........................................................................................…....………………………………………………………...................… [ 1 mark]
(c) What does the pointer P indicate?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(d) What is the reading of the stopwatch?
………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………..………………… [1 mark]
5. Diagram 1.1 shows the initial reading of a stopwatch at the beginning of an experiment. The stopwatch was used to measure
the time for 20 complete oscillations made by a simple pendulum of length, l. Diagram 1.2 shows the reading of the stopwatch at
the end of the experiment.

Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

(a) What is the sensitivity of the stopwatch?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]
(b) The stopwatch has a zero error as shown in Diagram 1.1. What is the reading of the zero error?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(c) What is the actual time taken for the pendulum to complete 20 oscillations?
[2 marks]

(d) Find the period of one complete oscillation, T, for this pendulum [2 marks]

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6. Diagram 1.1 shows the reading of a measuring instrument when there is no object on it. Diagram 1.2 shows the reading of the
measuring instrument when an object is placed on it.

Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

(a) Name the physics quantity that can be measured by the measuring instrument in Diagram 1.1.
………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……..……………..…… [1 mark]
(b) Name the type of error produced in Diagram 1.1
...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………..………..…………… [1 mark]
(c) What is the value of error in Diagram 1.1
...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………..………..……… [1 mark]
(d) What is the actual reading of the physical quantity measured in Diagram 1.2?
...…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
...………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. A student used a pair of vernier calliper
per to measure the thickness of a block. Diagram 1(a) shows the reading on the vernier
caliper when the jaws are fully closed while diagram 1(b) shows the reading when the block is placed between the block is
placed between the jaws.

(a) State the function of P

…………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(b) State the zero error on the vernier calliper.
……………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………. [1 mark]
(c) Calculate the thickness of the block in cm

[2 marks]

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 8.. (a) Give three example for each quantities
Derived quantities Scalar quantities Vector quantities

(b) Complete the table below with the basic physical quantities and their units.
Base quantity Symbol S.I. Unit Symbol for S.I. Unit

[5 marks]
(c) What meant by;
(i) physical quantity:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(ii) Derived quantity:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

(iii) Consistency:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
:……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iv) Accuracy:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

(v) Sensitivity:…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [5 marks]

(d) (i) Standard form is used

sed to …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....

(ii) Prefixes are usually used to ……………………………………………………………….......................................................................

……………………………………………………………….......................................................................[2 marks]

5. Diagram 1.1 shows a micrometer screw gauge.

(a) Name the scale at the part of X.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………. [1 mark]

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Diagram 1.2 shows the scale of a micrometer screw gauge when the anvil and spindle are closed. Diagram 1.3 shows the scale of
the micrometer
meter screw gauge when it is measuring the thickness of a piece of glass.

(b) Based on Diagram 1.2

(i) Give the name of error has shown by micrometer screw gauge.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………. [1 mark]
(ii) What is the value of error?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
(c) State the thickness of the glass.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………… [1 mark]

(d) Figure shows a vernier calliper to measure the size of an object. What size of the object if no zero error.

[3 marks]

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5. Diagram 1.1 shows an electrical measuring instrument.

Diagram 1.1
(a) (i) What is the physical quantity measured by this instrument?
….................................................................................................................................................…..[1 mark]
….................................................................................................................................................…..
(ii) Name the error found on this instrument.
…...................................
….....................................................................................................................................................
............................... [1 mark]
(b) Diagram 1.2 shows two instruments, X and Y, that can be used to measure the thickness of a wire.

Diagram 1.2
(i) Which instrument is more suitable to measure the thickness of the wire?
…..................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
….....................................................................................................................................................
(ii) State one reason for your answer in (b)(i).
…..................................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]
….....................................................................................................................................................

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4. Diagram 1 shows two measurement instrument X and Y.

(a) Name the physical quantity measured by the measurement instrument above.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………….[1 mark]
(b) What is the value of the smallest division of measurement instrument Y.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]
(c) Which measurement instrument is more sensitive?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

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