Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Contents:
1. The Project
2. Preliminary Studies
3. Geography of the Area
4. Excavation
5. Flint Technology &
Aurignacians
6. Excursions
7. Results
8. References
1. The Project
The Excavation at Breitenbach (“Ehemaliges Landschulheim” Am Heckenborn 58 06712
Breitenbach Germany) is an Aurignacian Site of Early Upper Palaeolithic Period (Late-30,000
B.P.). It is an Aurignacian open air site discovered in 1920s. It is located on an oxbow, on the creek
Breitenbach, part of Weiße Elster River. The finds include tools as cores, endscrapers, burins and
bone points; and bone fragments of woolly mammoth, arctic fox, birds, rabbits, mice and reindeer.
The 2009 season is the first excavation season covering a period between Mo. 29th June 2009 – Fr.
16th Oct. 2009.
2. Preliminary Studies
The site has been discovered in March 1925, by the recovery of a baked mammoth ivory and
these finds were followed by a hammer made from the antler of a deer and silex lithic tools of
Aurignacian Industry, which were published the same year by M. Wilcke. H. von Wichdorf
engaged himself with boring holes between 1926 and 1927, where he retrieved mounds of finds and
concluded that this Aurignacian settlement had a small village-like character. In 1927 N.
Nicklasson from the Museum of Halle started the first proper dig. He opened a 400m² trench and
reported that the site is very rich with artefacts.
The name became pronounced one more time when a collectioner appeared with an amount of
lithic materials in 1958. They turned out to come from a robbery dig from the Eastern slopes of the
hills from the site.
After a very long time 2009 has been the season of reopening the excavations for this very early
Homo sapiens site. The activities include excavation, water filtering, sorting and documentation of
findings and data processing (EDP). With an area of over 10,000 m2 Breitenbach is the largest
archaeological site of the Upper Paleolithic ca 30,000 years old.
The international orientation of the project provides an interesting insight into the work of major
research institutes. The project is an international collaboration of RGZM, the Archaeological
Department of the University of Leiden, Netherlands, and the State Museum of Prehistory of the
State Office for Preservation and Archeology Saxony-Anhalt.
Breitenbach is a village on the south of Leipzig in a region called Burgenlandkreis. The region
Burgenlandkreis is located on the southern border of Saxony-Anhalt, on the west and south it
borders Thuringia and on the east Saxony. To the north it borders on the Saalekreis, on the
northeast the Saxon Landkreis Leipzig, Thuringian district Altenburger Land lies to the east, and
Thuringian county-level city Gera, counties Greiz, Saale-Holzland and Weimarer Land lie to the
south and Thuringian counties Sömmerda and Kyffhäuserkreis lie to the west.
The landscape is hilly and is supported by Saale, Unstrut and White Elster Rivers. The Unstrut
exceeds to the northwest of the district in Wendelstein, the border between Thuringia and Saxony-
Anhalt and ends at Naumburg in Blütengrund in Saale. Saale crosses Großheringen/ Klein-
herringen in the southwest border of Thuringia, Saxony-Anhalt and exits to the northeast at
Wengelsdorf the county in the district Saale. From southwest to northeast White Elster flows from
Crossen in Thuringia over Zeitz, which leaves the county to the northeast of Profen towards Pegau,
Saxony.
The White Elster, about ten miles to its source, crosses between Doubrava u Aše and Bad Elster at
the border of Saxon Vogtland. Talsperre Pirk Dam had been built on Oelsnitz (Vogtland) by the
Elster. It then flows through the cities Greiz and Gera, before Gera it passes close to the Mt.
5. Excavation
113.623
113.624
09.07.2009 Two days of work to reach red loess sediment of the Eemian glaciation. Unregular
levelling stratification, more than 20 cm. Red layer is only in thin lenses. (Noemi)
10.07.2009 Few pieces of charcoal (1-2cm) and no artefacts. The red and brown layer surface in
B and is still higher than the other quadrats.
13.07.2009 One lithic flake and two burnt bones found. NE corner yielded a concentration of
burnt bone and charcoal in very small pieces. Still levelling B.
14.07.2009 More burnt finds and 5 flint flakes and small ivory from B. There is still charcoal all
over. A concentration in the NE with finds.
15.07.2009 There is nothing in Quadrant C. There are 2 big sandstones in the NE corner and a
quartz in the E. Few pieces of charcoal is scattered.