Drill Manual

Drill Manual
Training Group
Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps
2010 Edition
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Drill Manual Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1
1 Instructional Techniques ............................................................................ 1
2 Words of Command..................................................................................... 2
3 Timing........................................................................................................... 3
4 Length of Pace ............................................................................................. 3
5 The Sequence of Instruction ...................................................................... 3
6 Formation of a Squad.................................................................................. 4
7 Parade Ground Discipline........................................................................... 5
8 Definitions .................................................................................................... 6
9 Bend the Knee ............................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER TWO FOOT DRILL – STATIC MOVEMENTS.................................. 10

1 Position of Attention.................................................................................. 10
2 Stand at Ease ............................................................................................. 12
3 Attention (from Stand at Ease) ................................................................. 14
4 Stand Easy ................................................................................................. 15
5 Forward or Backward March .................................................................... 16
6 Left Turn at the Halt ................................................................................... 18
7 Right Turn at the Halt ................................................................................ 20
8 About Turn at the Halt ............................................................................... 22
9 Left or Right Incline at the Halt................................................................. 24
10 To the Front Salute at the Halt .................................................................. 26
11 To the Left or Right Salute at the Halt ...................................................... 26
12 Left or Right Close March ......................................................................... 28
13 Adjust on Parade ....................................................................................... 30
CHAPTER THREE FOOT DRILL – MARCHING MOVEMENTS .......................... 32

1 Quick March ............................................................................................... 32
2 Halt from Quick March .............................................................................. 34
3 Mark Time ................................................................................................... 36
4 Halt and Forward from Mark Time............................................................ 36
5 To the Front Salute on the March ............................................................. 37
6 An Officer Passing Your Front Salute on the March............................... 38
7 To the Left or Right Salute on the March ................................................. 40
8 Eyes Left or Right on the March............................................................... 42
9 Left or Right Wheel on the March............................................................. 44
10 Left Turn on the March .............................................................................. 46
11 Right Turn on the March ........................................................................... 48
12 Left or Right Incline on the March............................................................ 50
2010 Edition
Drill Manual Table of Contents
13 About Turn on the March .......................................................................... 52

14 Change Step............................................................................................... 54
15 Step Out or Short on the March................................................................ 56
16 Slow March and Halt from Slow March.................................................... 58
17 Double March ............................................................................................. 60
18 Variation in Time ........................................................................................ 62
19 Advance and Retire in Review Order ....................................................... 63
CHAPTER FOUR SQUAD DRILL ....................................................................... 64

1 Right Dress ................................................................................................ 64
2 Left Dress ................................................................................................... 66
3 Open or Close Order March...................................................................... 68
4 Fall In .......................................................................................................... 68
5 Fall Out, Dismiss and Officer on Parade Dismiss................................... 70
6 Sizing .......................................................................................................... 71
7 Get On Parade............................................................................................ 73
8 Form Two or Three Ranks......................................................................... 74
2010 Edition
Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps CHAPTER ONE
Drill Manual INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1 Instructional Techniques
1.1 The sequence of instruction in all drill movements is:
a. Demonstration
by the instructor
b. Explanation
c. Imitation
by the squad
d. Practice
1.2 An instructor should identify himself with his squad from the very beginning.
The use of words and phrases indicating any division should be avoided. He
must present every goal and every difficulty as "ours". Today "we" shall do
this; "we " must do that; "we" - you and I together - "we" are a team.
However, every problem, difficulty and obstacle facing the squad are not the
squad's - they are the instructor's. But the praises must go to the squad.
1.3 Incorrect drill movements must never be demonstrated. To repeat any

incorrect movement made by a student is to emphasize it on the
impressionable minds of the others. It is sufficient for a student simple to be
told that he is not correct and then to be demonstrated the correct method
and encouraged to imitate that correct movement. However, even a good
instructor who prepares his demonstration carefully may make a mistake -
perhaps a forgotten word of command, an incorrect word of command, a turn
in the wrong direction. If and when it happens the instructor should stop his
instruction immediately and bring his squad to a position of AT EASE and then
accept responsibility. He should then instruct the squad that the move will
now be repeated but this time correctly.
1.4 An instructor must never forget that he is dealing with individuals whom he is
welding into a team. His own personal standards must be high, but he must
remember that drills have to be learned and that the learning process varies
with individuals who will have their own particular strengths and weaknesses.
The degree of progress of the slowest students must be allowed for; but the
progress of the squad should not be held back. The slower ones should be
given individual extra tuition.
1.5 An instructor must always be in control, constantly checking, encouraging and

praising; but he must be strict and firm with mistakes. However, highlighting
the mistakes or inability's of any individual in the squad for the amusement of
others is both demeaning and dangerous. It is not only wrong for an
instructor to threaten, humiliate and embarrass; it is also destructive to the
aim. No one works effectively for a bully or for a domineering, bad-tempered
man. All instructors become frustrated from time to time but a good
instructor never lets his frustration show. Patience and perseverance must
always be maintained.
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1.6 Note the following:
a. There is no such thing as an un-trainable student; there are simply

instructors who do not always teach effectively.
b. A good instructor learns by teaching. Learning is finding out what one
already knows; doing is the demonstration that one knows.
c. Instructing is showing others that they can do what the instructor can do if
they have the determination and the application.
d. An instructor teaches best when he most needs to learn.
e. We are all learners, and we are all capable of instructing.
f. Of all the qualities necessary in an instructor, the most important are
honesty, patience and a sense of humour. Without these the instruction
is meaningless.
1.7 Periods of instruction should be short enough to avoid the instructor or trainee
becoming over tired and the squad should always be stood easy when the
instructor is demonstrating or explaining. The instruction and practice should
be varied in order to avoid monotony.
2 Words of Command
2.1 All words of command must be clear, powerful, concise, since the manner in
which they are given affects the reaction of the squad. A lazy word of
command produces lazy drill.
2.2 A word of command is divided into three parts:
a. INTRODUCTORY – This tells the squad what complete movement

they are about to perform.
e.g. "Move to the right"
b. CAUTIONARY – The drawn out and loud reminder of the Squad.
e.g. "Right"
c. EXECUTIVE – The sharp command on which the Squad acts.
e.g. "Turn"
A pause is always to be made between the cautionary and executive words.
2.3 A person giving an order at the halt is to stand to attention. On the march or
when marking time the executive word is to be given on the correct foot.
(see Appendix B)
2.4 Instructions should be included in the cautionary phrase. For example if a

movement is to be carried out BY NUMBERS as demonstrated and explained
by the instructor, the words of command would be:
RIGHT TURN BY NUMBERS, SQUAD (distinctly) – pause – ONE (sharply)

BY NUMBERS, SQUAD (distinctly) – pause – TWO (sharply)
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3 Timing
3.1 A drummer using a metronome may be used to beat the correct time.
Cadets are to note the time carefully, after which they should call the time, the
drummer tapping out the right timing at intervals as a check.
3.2 The correct timing is:
a. SLOW TIME 60 paces per minute.

b. QUICK TIME 120 paces per minute; this is
c. STEPPING FORWARD/BACKWARD equal to 90 m (100 yd) per
d. MOVING SIDEWAYS minute.
e. DOUBLE TIME 180 paces per minute; this is
equal to 182 m (200 yd) per
minute.
4 Length of Pace
4.1 The length of pace in marching is :
a. STAND AT EASE 30 cm (12 in)

b. MOVING SIDEWAYS 30 cm (12 in) - Max. 5 paces
c. CHECKING FORWARD MOTION 38 cm (15 in)
d. STEPPING SHORT 53 cm (21 in)
e. SLOW MARCH 75 cm (30 in)
f. QUICK MARCH 75 cm (30 in)
g. STEPPING FORWARD/BACKWARD 75 cm (30 in) - Max. 5 paces
h. STEPPING OUT 83 cm (33 in)
i. DOUBLE MARCH 100 cm (40 in)
4.2 Nevertheless, squad commanders must be practical and must use their
discretion. If cadets are unable to reach 75 cm (30 in) paces then the length
of pace must be adjusted to their capability. However, the correct timing
must be retained, whatever the length of pace.
5 The Sequence of Instruction
5.1 Having placed the squad in the most suitable formation and location, use the
following sequence of instruction.
a. State simply the aim of the drill period - i.e. What you are going to teach.
b. Always explain why it is necessary to learn the movement.
c. Demonstrate the complete movement shouting out the words of
command and then demonstrate and explain the first part of the
movement pointing out important details. Ask the squad after each
demonstration if they have any questions.
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d. Practice the squad in the first movement, first as a squad, then

individually and finally as a squad (correcting faults all the time).
e. After they have mastered it, and you the instructor are satisfied, relax the
squad in the first movement then proceed to demonstrate and explain the
second movement and practice the squad in it.
f. Having demonstrated, practiced and mastered both movements, checking
faults, question and squad to ensure that all is clear. Finally practice the
squad in all movements together, judging the time.
6 Formation of a Squad
6.1 Bear three factors in mind :
a. The comfort of the squad. Make sure they are not looking into the sun
nor into the teeth of a strong wind.
b. At the commencement of a drill period, a squad will fall-in in three ranks
on its right marker. If a squad is fewer than nine persons, they have to
be formed up in two ranks. The drill movements are the same except
that persons will march in column of twos in stead of column of threes.
c. The formation in which they will learn most quickly. Here is a small
guide. (Fig. 1.1)
LESSON TEACHING FORMATION
Static Movements / Straight Line

Marching Movements * * * * * * * * * *
X
Instructional Box (Three Sides of a Square)
* * * *
* *
* *
* *
X
Saluting at the Halt Three ranks, open order inclined

* * * * * *
* * * * * *
X * * * * * *
Note : X is an instructor
Fig. 1.1 Teaching Formation
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7 Parade Ground Discipline
7.1 At the commencement of any parade or drill lessons, trainees should fall in at
the designed places.
7.2 Fall in three ranks and be in the position of "Stand at Ease".
7.3 On the arrival of instructor(s), the right marker of the squad, if more than one
squad, the right marker of the senior squad, will stand to attention and will
give the command "Parade / Squad, ATTEN – TION" and the squad will stand
to attention and remain in the position of Attention until the command
"STAND AT – EASE" is given by an instructor.
7.4 Slouching, talking, laughing, giggling or making funny face etc. is strictly
prohibited.
7.5 Wearing of sun-glasses, watches, rings, necklaces, gloves etc. is not

allowed, exposure of any pen and any other article is also prohibited while
training.
7.6 Be alert-minded at all times.
7.7 Every movement is to be performed sharply and diligently.
7.8 Complete silence is to be maintained throughout the drill session or parade

unless a reply is required by an instructor.
7.9 Stand to attention before answering or asking questions.
7.10 When reporting to an instructor or senior, he will halt three paces in front of
the instructor or senior, salute and step one pace forward. On conclusion,
step one pace backward, salute, turn about and march off.
7.11 Always look to the front except when taking up dressing or saluting to the
right/left, or when demonstration is being given by the instructor to the squad.
7.12 No one will leave his position without the permission of an instructor in all
circumstances.
7.13 When permission is given for the squad to adjust uniform etc. all movements
should be done as quickly as possible.
7.14 Whenever an instructor or any distinguished visitor is passing by in the

absence of an instructor, the right marker of the squad, or if more than one
squad, the right marker of the senior squad will stand to attention and give the
command "Parade/Squad, ATTEN – TION". After the instructor or the
distinguished visitor has left, he will give the command "Parade/Squad,
STAND AT – EASE".
7.15 After being dismissed, leave the parade ground at once.
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8 Definitions
Alignment Any straight line on which a body of men is
formed, or is to form.
Column Units in parallel and successive alignments at a
distance from one another equal to their own
frontage.
Close Column of Flights A squadron with its flights in line on parallel and
successive alignments at a fixed distance.
Close Column of Squadrons A wing with its squadrons in line on parallel and
successive alignments at a fixed distance.
Close Order (three ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in three ranks,
one behind the other, at a distance of one pace of
75 cm (30 in) between ranks. The ranks are
termed the "front rank", "centre rank" and "rear
rank", each man in the centre and rear rank
covering the corresponding man in the front rank.
Close Order (two ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in two ranks, one
behind the other, at a distance of two paces of 75
cm (30 in) between ranks. The ranks are termed
the "front rank" and "rear rank" and each man in
the rear rank covers the corresponding man in the
front rank.
Column of Threes A succession of men standing side by side in
threes, covering.
Column of Twos A succession of men standing side by side in
twos, covering.
Column of Route A column of threes with not more than three men
abreast in any part of the column, including
officers and supernumeraries. The normal
formation for men marching on a road.
Covering The act of covering one or more men or formed
bodies to be placed directly in rear of another.
Depth The space occupied from front to rear by a body
of men.
Directing Flank The flank by which units march and dress.
Direction of Unit The squadron, flight or file responsible for
maintaining direction in a drill movement.
Distance The space between men or units measured from
front to rear, measured from heel to heel. In the
case of units it is measured from the heels of the
front rank of one unit to the heels of the front rank
of the next unit.
Dismiss The order to dismiss implies completion of the
parade and personnel are to disperse to the next
duty or off duty, as required.
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Drill The means whereby a body of men is controlled

and directed efficiently, through the executive
command of one man, towards the attainment of
the aim.
Fall Out The order to fall out is to facilitate dispersal from
formal formation, to attend to a task or to rest,
prior to being required to fall in again.
File Any man of the front rank together with the man or
men immediately behind him.
Flight A sub-unit, two or more of which comprise a
squadron. (Equates in size approximately to a
naval or army platoon).
Front The direction in which men or units are facing or
moving at any given time.
Frontage The extent of ground covered laterally by a body
or bodies of men.
Incline The movement by which direction is faced or
gained to the front and flank simultaneously.
In File A succession of men formed up in pairs, covering.
In Single File A succession of single men formed up, covering.
Interval The lateral space between men or units on the
same alignment measured between adjacent
flanks.
Left File An even-number file.
Line Men or units formed on the same alignment.
Line of Squadrons in Close A wing with its squadrons in close column of
Column of Flights flights at ten paces interval between squadrons.
Marker An NCO or man placed in position to mark a point
where the flank of a squad or unit is to rest.
Open Order (two ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in two ranks, one
behind the other, at a distance of four paces of 75
cm (30 in) between ranks.
Open Order (three ranks) The formation of a unit or squad in three ranks,
one behind the other, at a distance of three paces
of 75 cm (30 in) between ranks.
Out Flank The opposite flank to the inner, or directing flank.
Parade A formation of two or more units.
Pivot Flank The flank on which unit pivots when changing
direction.
Pivot Guide A guide on a pivot flank of a unit.
Rank A line of men formed up side by side.
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Review A ceremonial parade mounted for the specific

purpose of honouring a particular distinguished
person.
Right File An odd-number file.
Section A sub-division of a flight (especially RAF
Regiment).
Squad A small body of men formed for drill or working
party.
Squadron A unit consisting of two or more flights (sub-units);
(equates in size approximately with a naval or
army company).
Sub-unit The smallest body of men under their own officer
or NCO commander, as part of a unit.
Supernumerary Rank An extra rank composed of supernumerary officer
or SNCOs. The supernumerary rank of NCOs
will be two paces of 75 cm (30 in) to the rear of
the rear rank. That of officers will be three paces
of 75 cm (30 in) in the rear of the rear rank.
To Cant To incline or tilt an object; to set at an angle.
To Dress To take up a correct alignment.
Unit A group of two or more sub-units under a
commander.
Unit of Formation The expression used in drill to describe the
squadron or flight on which a change of formation
is based.
Wheeling A movement by which a body of men bring
forward a flank on a fixed or moving pivot.
Wing A formation consisting of two or more squadrons
or units (equates in size approximately with a
naval division or army battalion).
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9 Bend the Knee
9.1 A particular movement in foot drill, to be described as "bend the knee", will
frequently form part of a sequence.
9.2 "Bend the knee" should be demonstrated to trainees before embarking on drill
training.
9.3 In "bend the knee", while one leg is kept braced back with the foot flat on the
ground, the opposite leg is raised in front of the body, with the knee bent.
The foot is to hang naturally, with the toes directly under the knee. The leg
should be raised so that the thigh is horizontal. The leg is then to be
straightened and the foot driven to the ground so that on contact the ball of
the foot and heel reach the ground at the same time. The whole movement
is to be completed swiftly and smoothly, but exaggerated stamping can be
injurious and is to be avoided. (Figs. 1.2 & 1.3)
9.4 Nevertheless, squad commanders must be practical and must use their
discretion. If any female trainee is unable to raises her thigh horizontally,
then the height must be adjusted to her capability.
Fig. 1.2 Bend the Right Knee Fig. 1.3 Bend the Left Knee
(Front View) (Side View)
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Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps CHAPTER TWO
Drill Manual FOOT DRILL – STATIC MOVEMENTS
CHAPTER TWO FOOT DRILL – STATIC MOVEMENTS
1 Position of Attention
1.1 Stand with the heels together with the feet turned outwards at an angle of
approximately 45 degrees.
1.2 Keep the knees braced and the body erect with the weight balanced evenly
between the balls of the feet and the heels.
1.3 Keep the arms straight and held to the sides with the forearms tucked in
behind the hip bone and the wrists straight. Close the hands with the thumbs
vertical and facing to the front and the backs of the fingers touching the thighs
just on the side seam of the trousers.
1.4 The shoulders are to be held down and back to bring the chest to a normal
position without straining or stiffening.
1.5 The head is held up with the neck touching the back of the collar and the eyes
open, still, and looking just above his or her own height, with the chin tucked in
and the mouth closed. (Figs. 2.1 & 2.2)
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Fig. 2.1 Position of Attention

(Front View)
Fig. 2.2 Position of Attention

(Side View)

2 Stand at Ease
2.1 The command and timing for “Stand at Ease” are as follows :
Command : STAND AT – EASE

Timing : ONE
The word "Ease" is very hard to shout, because of the "E" – so it is allowed to
pronounce it as "AISE".
2.2 Bend the left knee with keeping the right foot still and leg braced back. In this
movement while leg is raised in front of the body with the knee bent, the foot
and lower leg are to hang naturally with the thigh horizontally from the ground.
2.3 Drive the left foot to the ground 12 in to the left of the right foot. The distance
is measured from the centre of the right heel to the centre of the left heel.
2.4 At the same time force the arms behind the back by the shortest route,
keeping them straight, place the back of the right hand in the palm of the left
hand, with the right thumb crossed over the left thumb and the fingers straight
and together. (Figs. 2.3, 2.4 & 2.5)
2.5 Transfer the weight of the body to the left so that it remains evenly balanced.
2.6 The movement should be completed at the timing equal to one pace in quick
time. [ONE]

Fig. 2.3 Stand at Ease Fig. 2.4 Stand at Ease

(Front View) (Rear View)
Fig. 2.5 Stand at Ease

(Close-Up)

3 Attention (from Stand at Ease)
3.1 The command and timing for “Attention (from Stand at Ease)” are as follows :
Command : ATTEN – TION

Timing : ONE
The cautionary word of command is ATTEN– and the executive part is –TION
which is pronounced SHUN.
3.2 The command is given at the completed position of Stand at Ease.
3.3 Bend the left knee with keeping the right foot still and leg braced back. In this
movement while leg is raised in front of the body with the knee bent, the foot
and lower leg are to hang naturally with the thigh horizontally from the ground.
At the same time close the hands and force the arms from the back to the
sides of the body by the shortest route.
3.4 Drive the left foot to the ground adjacent to the right foot, keeping the heels
together and feet outwards at an angle of approximately 45 degrees.
3.5 Transfer the weight of the body to the centre, balanced evenly between the
balls of the feet and the heels, and resume the position of Attention.
3.6 The movement should be completed at the timing equal to one pace in quick
time. [ONE]

4 Stand Easy
4.1 The command and timing for “Stand Easy” are as follows :
Command : STAND – EASY
4.2 On the command, the limbs, head and body may be moved, but not the feet.
If the feet are moved when in formation the dressing may be lost. Slouching,
talking and unnecessary movement are not to be allowed.
4.3 Personnel standing easy are to assume the position of Stand at Ease as soon
as a cautionary word of command is given, so as to be ready to carry out the
next command.

5 Forward or Backward March
5.1 The command and timing for “Forward or Backward March” are as follows :
Command : FIVE PACES STEP FORWARD (or BACKWARD) – MARCH

Timing : ONE * TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE * CHECK
5.2 A formation may be moved forward or backward a maximum of five paces.

This movement is to be used only when it is necessary for cadet to be moved
forward or backward a short distance onto a marker or alignment.
5.3 On the command, the formation is to move forward (or backward) the number
of paces ordered, starting with the left foot. [ONE] Each pace should be 30
in, with heel (forward) or toes (backward) touching the ground first. Arms are
to be kept steady at the sides throughout the movements and the whole
movement is carried out in quick time (120 paces per minute). (Figs. 2.6, 2.7 &
2.8)
5.4 On final move, foot should come to bend the knee before resting beside the
other. The position of Attention is then resumed. [CHECK]
5.5 During this movement and depending upon the number of paces ordered, the
final move will be with either the right on odd numbers or the left on even
numbers. Thus, each cadet of the formation should bend the right knees on
odd numbers and bend the left knee on even numbers.
5.6 Paces forward and to the rear help to teach a cadet balance. These
movements must be mastered thoroughly before any attempt is made to go on
to such movements as Open or Close Order March.

Fig. 2.6 Forward March Fig. 2.7 Forward March

Left Foot Right Foot
Fig. 2.8 Backward March

Right Foot
(Side View)

6 Left Turn at the Halt
6.1 The command and timing for “Left Turn at the Halt” are as follows :
Command : MOVE TO THE LEFT, LEFT – TURN

Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO
6.2 First Movement. A turn is to be made to the left, through 90 degrees, on the
left heel and right toes by raising the right heel and left toes; both knees are to
be kept straight and the body erect. On completion of this preliminary
movement the left foot is to be flat on the ground and the right heel raised,
knees are to be straight and the thighs locked and the weight of the body is to
be on the left foot. [ONE] (Figs. 2.9 & 2.10)
6.3 Second Movement. After a pause equal to one pace in quick time [PAUSE],
bend the right knee and resume the position of Attention in the new direction.
[TWO] (Figs. 2.11 & 2.12)
6.4 During all turning movements the arms are to kept close to the sides as for the
position of Attention.
6.5 When a formation is at halt in column of threes (or in column of route) and a
left turn is to be made, it is to change into “in line” formation. In this situation,
the following command will be given–
Command : INTO LINE, LEFT – TURN
Each cadet of the formation is to turn in the direction indicated in the manner
described above.

Fig. 2.9 Left Turn at the Halt Fig. 2.10 Left Turn at the Halt
First Movement First Movement
Fig. 2.11 Left Turn at the Halt Fig. 2.12 Left Turn at the Halt
Second Movement in progress Completed
(Side View) (Front View)

7 Right Turn at the Halt
7.1 The command and timing for “Right Turn at the Halt” are as follows :
Command : MOVE TO THE RIGHT, RIGHT – TURN

7.2 First Movement. A turn is to be made to the right, through 90 degrees, on

the right heel and left toes by raising the left heel and right toes; both knees
are to be kept straight and the body erect. On completion of this preliminary
movement the right foot is to be flat on the ground and the left heel raised,
be on the right foot. [ONE] (Figs. 2.13 & 2.14)
bend the left knee and resume the position of Attention in the new direction.
[TWO] (Figs. 2.15 & 2.16)
7.5 When a formation is at halt in column of threes (or in column of route) and a
right turn is to be made, it is to change into “in line” formation. In this
situation, the following command will be given–
Command : INTO LINE, RIGHT – TURN
Each cadet of the squad is to turn in the direction indicated in the manner
described above.

Fig. 2.13 Right Turn at the Halt Fig. 2.14 Right Turn at the Halt
Fig. 2.15 Right Turn at the Halt Fig. 2.16 Right Turn at the Halt
Second Movement in progress Completed
(Side View) (Front View)

8 About Turn at the Halt
8.1 The command and timing for “About Turn at the Halt” are as follows :
Command : ABOUT – TURN

8.2 The About Turn is always to be made by turning to the right, unless specially
detailed otherwise for certain instances. Similar to Left Turn and Right Turn,
the About Turn is also carried out in two movements.
be on the right foot. [ONE] (Figs. 2.17, 2.18 & 2.19)
[TWO]

Fig. 2.17 About Turn at the Halt Fig. 2.18 About Turn at the Halt
Fig. 2.19 About Turn at the Halt

First Movement
(Rear View)

9 Left or Right Incline at the Halt
9.1 Similar to Left Turn and Right Turn, the Left or Right Incline is also carried out
in two movements.
9.2 The command and timing for “Left Incline at the Halt” are as follows :
Command : INCLINING, LEFT IN – CLINE

9.3 First Movement. A turn is to be made to the left, through 45 degrees, on the
left heel and right toes by raising the right heel and left toes; both knees are to
be kept straight and the body erect. On completion of this preliminary
movement the left foot is to be flat on the ground and the right heel raised,
be on the left foot. [ONE] (Fig. 2.20)
bend the right knee and resume the position of Attention in the new direction.
[TWO]
9.5 The command and timing for “Right Incline at the Halt” are as follows :
Command : INCLINING, RIGHT IN – CLINE


be on the right foot. [ONE] (Fig. 2.21)
[TWO]

Fig. 2.20 Left Incline at the Halt

First Movement
(Front View)
Fig. 2.21 Right Incline at the Halt

First Movement
(Front View)

10 To the Front Salute at the Halt
10.1 The command and timing for “To the Front Salute at the Halt” are as follows :
Command : TO THE FRONT – SALUTE

Timing : UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN
10.2 First Movement. The right hand is to be brought smartly, with a circular
motion, to the side of the head. The palm of the hand is to be to the front
with the thumb and fingers fully extended and held closed together. The
forefinger is to be placed 1 in behind and to the right of the right eye. The
wrist is to be straight and the elbow in line and square with the right shoulder.
[UP] (Figs. 2.22 & 2.23)
10.3 Second Movement. After a pause equal to two paces in quick time [TWO *
THREE], the right arm is to be brought smartly down to the side by the
shortest way, resuming the position of Attention, without striking the thigh.
[DOWN]
11 To the Left or Right Salute at the Halt
11.1 The command and timing for “To the Left or Right Salute at the Halt” are as
follows :
Command : TO THE LEFT (or RIGHT) – SALUTE

Timing : UP * TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE * DOWN
11.2 First Movement. The right hand is to be brought smartly, with a circular
motion, to the side of the head. At the same time, the head and eyes are to
be turned sharply in the direction ordered. The palm of the hand is to be to
the front with the thumb and fingers fully extended and held closed together.
The forefinger is to be placed 1 in behind and to the right of the right eye.
The wrist is to be straight and the elbow in line and square with the right
shoulder. [UP] (Figs. 2.24 & 2.25)
11.3 Second Movement. After a pause equal to four paces in quick time [TWO *
THREE * FOUR * FIVE], the right arm is to be brought smartly down to the
side by the shortest way and at the same time the head and eyes are returned
to the front, resuming the position of Attention, without striking the thigh.
[DOWN]

Fig. 2.22 To the Front Salute at the Halt Fig. 2.23 To the Front Salute at the Halt
Fig. 2.24 To the Left Salute at the Halt Fig. 2.25 To the Right Salute at the Halt
(Front View) (Front View)

12 Left or Right Close March
12.1 The command and timing for “Left or Right Close March” are as follows :
Command : FIVE PACES, LEFT (or RIGHT) CLOSE – MARCH

Timing : ONE * CHECK * TWO * CHECK * THREE * CHECK *
FOUR * CHECK * FIVE * CHECK
12.2 On the command, the left (or right) foot is to be placed 12 in to the left (or right)
[ONE] and the other foot is then brought up to it [CHECK]. Each knee is to
be bent sufficiently and the thigh is to raised horizontally. (Figs. 2.26 & 2.27)
12.3 The necessary number of paces is to be completed in this manner without a

pause. Shoulders are to be kept square to the front and arms are held
steady at the sides. The whole movement should be carried out in quick time
(120 paces per minute).
12.4 A formation may be moved sideways a maximum of five paces. This

movement is to be used only when it is necessary for personnel to be moved
to the left or right to adjust over a short distance to a given point or marker.

Fig. 2.26 Right Close March

First Movement in progress
(Front View)
Fig. 2.27 Right Close March

First Movement
(Front View)

13 Adjust on Parade
13.1 A cadet told to adjust equipment or uniform during an inspection on parade is

not to do so whilst in the position of Attention, but is to place the right foot
12 in to the rear before making the necessary adjustments. (Figs. 2.28 & 2.29)
After adjustments, the position of Attention is resumed by bringing the right
foot forward.

Fig. 2.28 Adjust on Parade

(Front View)
Fig. 2.29 Adjust on Parade

(Side View)

Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps CHAPTER THREE
Drill Manual FOOTDRILL – MARCHING MOVEMENTS
CHAPTER THREE FOOT DRILL – MARCHING MOVEMENTS
1 Quick March
1.1 The command and timing for “Quick March” are as follows :
Command : QUICK – MARCH

Timing : LEFT * RIGHT * LEFT ……
1.2 The left foot is to be advanced evenly to complete a pace of 30 in. The foot
is to meet the ground with the heel. During this movement the rear knee is to
be braced.
1.3 The arms are to be as straight as their natural bend will allow; the wrists are to
be straight; and the fingers are to be slightly clenched with the thumb to the
front, on top and touching the forefinger. The right arm is to swing forward in
line with the shoulder and the left arm is to swing to the rear as far as possible
without contorting the body. [LEFT]
1.4 The forward movement is to be continued in quick time (120 paces per min.).
The legs are to swing forward freely and naturally from the hip. Each leg as it
swings forward is to be bent sufficiently at the knee to enable the foot to clear
the ground. [RIGHT * LEFT * ……] (Figs. 3.1, 3.2 &3.3)
1.5 A squad commander is to indicate the directing flank in the cautionary part of
the words of command when giving the command.
e.g. BY THE LEFT / RIGHT / CENTRE, QUICK – MARCH

Fig. 3.1 Quick March Fig. 3.2 Quick March

Left Foot Left Foot
Fig. 3.3 Quick March

Right Foot
(Side View)

2 Halt from Quick March
2.1 The command and timing for “Halt from Quick March” are as follows :
Command : SQUAD – HALT

Timing : ONE * ONE * TWO
2.2 The command is to be given on left heel. A pace is to be completed with the
right foot [ONE] (Fig. 3.4), reversing the arm swing; the next pace, of only 15
in by the left foot, is to be used to check the forward motion [ONE] (Fig. 3.5),
after which bend the right knee and place the right foot smartly down in line
with the left; at the same time, the arms are to be brought to the sides to
resume the position of Attention. [TWO] (Figs. 3.6 & 3.7)
2.3 The 2nd and 3rd movements should be completed at the timing equal to one
pace in quick time.

Fig. 3.4 Halt from Quick March Fig. 3.5 Halt from Quick March
First Movement – ONE Second Movement – ONE
(Side View) (Side View)
Fig. 3.6 Halt from Quick March Fig. 3.7 Halt from Quick March
Third Movement in progress Third Movement – TWO

3 Mark Time
3.1 “Mark Time” can be done when halted or when on quick march.
3.2 The command and timing for “Mark Time” when halted are as follows :
Command : MARK – TIME

3.3 The command is to be given when the squad is in the position of Attention.
On the command, each cadet is to mark time in quick time (120 paces per
min.) starting with the left foot. [LEFT] When marking time, each foot is to be
raised and meet on the ground with the ball of the foot alternately without
moving forward or backward. [RIGHT * LEFT ……] Each foot is to be raised
by bending the knee. The arms are to be kept steady at the side of the body
during this movement.
3.4 The command and timing for “Mark Time” when on quick march are as
follows :
Command : MARK – TIME

Timing : ONE * ONE * RIGHT * LEFT * RIGHT ……
3.5 The command is to be given on left heel. The pace is to be completed with
the right foot [ONE]; the next pace with the left foot is to be used to check the
forward motion (15 in) [ONE] and the marking time is to commence with the
right foot. [RIGHT * LEFT * RIGHT ……]
4 Halt and Forward from Mark Time
4.1 The command and timing for “Halt from Mark Time” are as follows :
Command : HALT
Timing : ONE
4.2 The command is to be given on left foot. The right foot is to be brought
smartly down into position beside the left to resume the position of Attention.
[ONE]
4.3 The command and timing for “Forward from Mark Time” are as follows :
Command : FOR – WARD

Timing : CHECK * FORWARD
4.4 The command is to be given on left foot. The movement of the right foot is
to be completed [CHECK] and the quick march resumed, starting with the left
foot. [FORWARD]

5 To the Front Salute on the March
5.1 The command and timing for “To the Front Salute on the March” are as
follows :
Command : TO THE FRONT – SALUTE

Timing : ONE * ONE * TWO * PAUSE *
UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN *
ONE * TWO * THREE * FOUR *
UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN * PAUSE *
ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * FORWARD
5.2 The command is to be given on left heel. Cadets are to halt [ONE * ONE *
TWO], observe a pause equal to one pace in quick time (half a second)
[PAUSE] and then salute to the front. [UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN]
5.3 After completing the salute, cadets are to observe a pause equal to four paces
in quick time (two seconds) [ONE * TWO * THREE * FOUR] and then salute
for the second time. [UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN]
5.4 After the second salute cadets are to observe a pause equal to one pace in
quick time (half a second) [PAUSE], turn about [ONE * PAUSE * TWO],
observe another pause equal to one pace in quick time (half a second)
[PAUSE] and then start marching, starting with the left foot. [FORWARD]
5.5 On the march, saluting to the front accustoms cadets to approach officers
correctly. The timing between the two salutes given on these occasions
represents the delivery or receipt of a message.

6 An Officer Passing Your Front Salute on the March
6.1 The command and timing for “An Officer Passing Your Front Salute on the
March” are as follows :
Command : AN OFFICER PASSING YOUR FRONT – SALUTE

Timing : CHECK * UP * TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE * DOWN *
SWING
6.2 The command is to be given on left heel. A full forward pace with the right
foot is to be completed and arms checked to the side. [CHECK] (Fig. 3.8)
6.3 When the left foot again touches the ground the salute is to be given. [UP]
(Fig. 3.9)
6.4 After marching four paces at the salute [TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE], the
right arm is to be brought to the side as the right foot comes to the ground.
[DOWN] During the salute the left arm is to be kept steady at the side.
6.5 The normal arm swing is to be resumed as the next forward pace is taken with
the left foot. [SWING]
6.6 This salute accustoms cadet to salute correctly when officer(s) is/are crossing
their line of approach.

Fig. 3.8 An Officer Passing Your Front Salute

First Movement – CHECK
(Front View)
Fig. 3.9 An Officer Passing Your Front Salute

Second Movement – UP
(Front View)

7 To the Left or Right Salute on the March
7.1 The command and timing for “To the Left or Right Salute on the March” are as
follows :
Command : TO THE LEFT (or RIGHT) – SALUTE

Timing : CHECK * UP * TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE * DOWN *
SWING
7.2 The command is to be given on left heel. A full forward pace with the right
foot is to be completed and arms checked to the side. [CHECK] (Fig. 3.10)
7.3 When the left foot again touches the ground, the head is to be turned smartly
in the direction ordered and the salute is to be given. [UP] (Figs. 3.11 & 3.12)
7.4 After marching four paces at the salute [TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE], the
right arm is to be brought to the side and the head turned to the front as the
right foot comes to the ground. [DOWN] During the salute the left arm is to
be kept steady at the side.
7.5 The normal arm swing is to be resumed as the next forward pace is taken with
the left foot. [SWING]
7.6 On the march, this salute accustoms individual cadet or small group of cadets
to salute officers correctly when passing them.

Fig. 3.10 To the Left or Right Salute on the March

First Movement – CHECK
(Front View)
Fig. 3.11 To the Left Salute on the March Fig. 12 To the Right Salute on the March
Second Movement – UP Second Movement – UP

8 Eyes Left or Right on the March
8.1 The movement “Eyes Left or Right on the March” comprises of two parts.
The command and timing for the first part are as follows :
Command : BY THE LEFT (or RIGHT), EYES – LEFT (or RIGHT)

Timing : CHECK * TURN
8.2 The command is to be given on left heel. A full forward pace is to be

completed with the right foot [CHECK], and when the left heel again strikes
the ground the head and eyes are to be turned smartly in the direction ordered.
[TURN] The arms are to be continued to swing in the normal manner.
8.3 The command and timing for the second part are as follows :
Command : EYES – FRONT

Timing : CHECK * TURN

completed with the right foot [CHECK], the head and eyes are to be returned
smartly to the front as the left heel next strikes the ground. [TURN] (Figs. 3.13
& 3.14) The arms are to be continued to swing in the normal manner.
8.5 When marching as a squad under command, cadets in the squad are required
to pay compliments by turning the head and eyes to the right or left. Officer’s
or NCO's in command on the march, requiring to salute as a unit, are to give
their orders on the successive left foot steps (and to co-ordinate their own
salutes) so that smooth action results.
8.6 The marker in the directing flank is not required to turn his or her head during
the movement “Eyes Left or Right on the March”. This allows the marker to
maintain the direction of marching.

Fig. 3.13 Eyes Left on the March

Second Movement – TURN
(Front View)
Fig. 3.14 Eyes Right on the March

(Front View)

9 Left or Right Wheel on the March
9.1 The command and timing for “Left or Right Wheel on the March” are as
follows :
Command : CHANGE DIRECTION, LEFT (or RIGHT) – WHEEL

Timing : CHECK * UP * TWO * THREE * FOUR * FIVE * DOWN
9.2 Wheeling is a method by which a body of men with a frontage of not more
than six ranks or files, may change direction, whilst retaining dressing within
these ranks or files.
9.3 The command is to be given on left heel. The inner file of the squad is turn
to move around on the arc of a circle [radius 1.4 m (4 ft.)] and step short six
paces of 30 cm (12 in) to enable the other two persons of the file to wheel with
him / her. The outer and centre files are to keep pace by stepping out. The
squad changes direction through 90 degrees by lengthening their paces;
without losing their interval or dressing. Those behind the leading rank or file
will follow on covering the same ground. When wheeling, the arms are to be
kept on swinging. A squad marching forward in column “wheels” to the left
(or right) to change direction in which case each member of the formation
wheels when he reaches the appropriate position. (Fig. 3.15)
9.4 If it is desired to wheel through more than a right angle, the word of command
"LEFT (or RIGHT) – WHEEL" will be given a second time.
9.5 When a squad is required to wheel at an angle less than a complete right or
left wheel, the following command will be given when the leading line of three
is facing in the required direction:
Command : FOR – WARD
9.6 When a squad is ordered to halt or mark time and only part of it has wheeled
in the new direction, the following command is to be given :
Command : REAR FILES – COVER
The lines of three which have not wheeled are to cover those lines of three
that have wheeled and are to move to their places by the shortest route.

Inside cadet steps short 6

paces on circular arc of
radius 4 feet.
On Right Wheel directing flank is by the right.
On Left Wheel directing flank is by the left.
This cadet should move across to

the directing file
Fig. 3.15 Illustration of Right Wheel on the March

10 Left Turn on the March
10.1 The command and timing for “Left Turn on the March” (Fig. 3.16) are as
follows :
Command : MOVE TO THE LEFT, LEFT – TURN

Timing : CHECK * TURN * FORWARD
10.2 The command is to be given on right heel. A full forward pace is to be

completed with the left foot and the arms are to be checked into the side of the
body. [CHECK]
10.3 A turn to the left is to be made by bending the right knee, turning the right foot
diagonally to the left and placing it on the ground with hallow about 3 in in front
of the left toe. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the right foot and
the body turned to the left through 90 degrees. The arms are to be kept
steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [TURN] (Fig. 3.17)
10.4 Marching, with normal arm swinging, is to continue in the new direction in
quick time, starting on the left foot. [FORWARD] (Fig. 3.18)
10.5 The command above is to be given when a squad is marching in line, and the
squad will become in column of threes after the turn. When a squad
marching in column of threes and a left turn is to be made, it is to change into
“in line” formation. In this situation, the following command will be given–
Command : INTO LINE, LEFT – TURN
described above.
A squad marching forward in line can move to A squad marching forward in column “wheels”
the left in column in which case each member to the left to change direction in which case
of the formation TURNS to the left on the each member of the formation wheels when
order. reaching the appropriate position.
Fig. 3.16 Illustration of Left Turn and Left Wheel on the March

Fig. 3.17 Left Turn on the March

(Side View)
Fig. 3.18 Left Turn on the March

Third Movement – FORWARD
(Front View)

11 Right Turn on the March
11.1 The command and timing for “Right Turn on the March” (Fig. 3.19) are as
follows :
Command : MOVE TO THE RIGHT, RIGHT – TURN


completed with the right foot and the arms are to be checked into the side of
the body. [CHECK]
11.3 A turn to the right is to be made by bending the left knee, turning the left foot
diagonally to the right and placing it on the ground with hallow about 3 in in
front of the right toe. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the left
foot and the body turned to the right through 90 degrees. The arms are to be
kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [TURN] (Fig. 3.20)
quick time, starting on the right foot. [FORWARD] (Fig. 3.21)
11.5 The command above is to be given when a squad is marching in line, and the
squad will become in column of threes after the turn. When a squad
marching in column of threes and a right turn is to be made, it is to change
into “in line” formation. In this situation, the following command will be given–
Command : INTO LINE, RIGHT – TURN
described above.
A squad marching forward in line can move to A squad marching forward in column “wheels”
the right in column in which case each to the right to change direction in which case
member of the formation TURNS to the right each member of the formation wheels when
on the order. reaching the appropriate position.
Fig. 3.19 Illustration of Right Turn and Right Wheel on the March

Fig. 3.20 Right Turn on the March

(Side View)
Fig. 3.21 Right Turn on the March

Third Movement – FORWARD
(Front View)

12 Left or Right Incline on the March
12.1 The command and timing for “Left Incline on the March” are as follows :
Command : INCLINING, LEFT IN – CLINE

12.2 The command is to be given on right heel. A full forward pace is to be

the body. [CHECK]
12.3 A turn to the left is to be made by bending the right knee, turning the right foot
diagonally to the left and placing it on the ground with hallow about 3 in in front
of the left toe. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the right foot and
the body turned to the left through 45 degrees. The arms are to be kept
steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [TURN]
quick time, starting on the left foot. [FORWARD]
12.5 The command and timing for “Right Incline on the March” are as follows :
Command : INCLINING, RIGHT IN – CLINE


the body. [CHECK]
foot and the body turned to the right through 45 degrees. The arms are to be
kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [TURN]
quick time, starting on the right foot. [FORWARD]

This page is intentionally left blank.

13 About Turn on the March
13.1 The command and timing for “About Turn on the March” are as follows :
Command : ABOUT – TURN

Timing : CHECK * T * L * V * FORWARD

the body. [CHECK]
foot and the body turned to the right through around 60 degrees. The arms
are to be kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [T]
(Fig. 3.22)
13.4 A further right turn is to be made by bending the right knee and placing the
right foot on the ground with heel about 3 in beside the left heel, with the feet
forming a “L” shape. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the right
foot and the body turned to the right through a further 60 degrees. The arms
are to be kept steady at the sides during the actual turn on the foot. [L]
(Fig. 3.23)
13.5 The turn is to be finished by bending the left knee again and placing the left
foot on the ground with heel closed to the right heel. The weight of the body
is to be transferred to the left foot again and the body turned to the right
through a further 60 degrees. The arms are to be kept steady at the sides
during the actual turn on the foot. [V] (Fig. 3.24)
quick time, starting on the right foot. [FORWARD] (Fig. 3.25)

Fig. 3.22 About Turn on the March Fig. 3.23 About Turn on the March
Second Movement – T Third Movement – L
Fig. 3.24 About Turn on the March Fig. 3.25 About Turn on the March
Fourth Movement – V Fifth Movement – FORWARD

14 Change Step
14.1 The command for “Change Step” is to be given when marking time or
marching in quick time.
14.2 The command and timing for “Change Step when Marking Time” are as
follows :
Command : CHANGE – STEP

Timing : RIGHT * RIGHT * LEFT
14.3 The command is to be given on left foot. Two successive movements are to
be completed with the right foot [RIGHT * RIGHT]; marking time is then
restarted with the left foot. [LEFT] The movements are to be completed in
quick time.
14.4 The command and timing for “Change Step on the March” are as follows :
Command : CHANGE – STEP

Timing : LEFT * CHECK * LEFT
14.5 The command is to be given on right heel. A further step is to be completed

with the left foot [LEFT] (Fig. 3.26) and the hollow of the instep of the right foot
is to be shot to the heel of the left foot, and checking the arms into the side of
the body, causing a momentary pause in forward motion. [CHECK] (Figs. 3.27
& 3.28) The left foot is then to be shot forward resuming the arms swing.
[LEFT] (Fig. 3.29)
14.6 In order to change the step without losing the timing, the second and third
movements [CHECK * LEFT] are to be completed at the timing equal to one
pace in quick time.

Fig. 3.26 Change Step on the March Fig. 3.27 Change Step on the March
First Movement – LEFT Second Movement – CHECK
Fig. 3.28 Change Step on the March Fig. 3.29 Change Step on the March
Second Movement – CHECK Third Movement – LEFT

15 Step Out or Short on the March
15.1 The movement “Step Out on the March” is used when a slight increase in
speed is required without altering the time, which comprises of two parts.
Command : STEP – OUT

Timing : STEP * OUT
15.2 The command is to be given on left heel. A further pace of 30 in is to be

completed with the right foot [STEP] (Fig. 3.30), after which the pace is to be
lengthened to 33 in starting with the left foot [OUT] (Fig. 3.31), without altering
the timing of quick march. The pacing is to be maintained until further
command is given.

Timing : QUICK * MARCH

completed with the right foot [QUICK], after which the pace is to be shortened
to the normal distance of 30 in [MARCH] starting with the left foot, without
altering the timing of quick march. The pacing is to be maintained until
further command is given.
15.5 The movement “Step Short on the March” is used when a slight decrease in
speed is required without altering the time, which comprises of two parts.
Command : STEP – SHORT

Timing : STEP * SHORT

completed with the right foot [STEP] (Fig. 3.32), after which the pace is to be
shortened to 21 in starting with the left foot [SHORT] (Fig. 3.33), without

Timing : QUICK * MARCH

completed with the right foot [QUICK], after which the pace is to be lengthened
to the normal distance of 30 in [MARCH] starting with the left foot, without

Fig. 3.30 Step Out on the March Fig. 3.31 Step Out on the March
First Movement – STEP Second Movement – OUT
Fig. 3.32 Step Short on the March Fig. 3.33 Step Short on the March
First Movement – STEP Second Movement – SHORT

16 Slow March and Halt from Slow March
16.1 The command and timing for “Slow March” are as follows :
Command : SLOW – MARCH

16.2 The command is to be given when standing in the position of Attention. The
left foot is to be advanced evenly but slowly to complete a pace of 30 in
(measured from toes to toes) in one second, with the ball of the foot touching
the ground first. The weight of the body is to be transferred to the left foot to
maintain the balance. During the movement, the foot is to be turned outward
at the same angle as when halted, with the foot stretched and the toes pointed
towards the ground. The arms and hands are to be kept steady at the sides.
[LEFT] (Figs. 3.34 & 3.35)
16.3 Without a pause, similar pace is to be taken with the right foot [RIGHT]
(Figs. 3.36 & 3.37) and the forward movement continued in slow time and so
on in succession. [LEFT* RIGHT * ……] The body is to be well balanced
over the thighs. Each leg, as it swings forward, is to be bent sufficiently at
the knee to enable the foot to clear the ground.
16.4 The whole process is to be a smooth continuous succession of movements.

Any tendency to jerk rigidly between paces is to be avoided.
16.5 The command and timing for “Halt from Slow March” are as follows :
Command : SQUAD – HALT

Timing : ONE * TWO
16.6 The command is to be given on right foot. A forward pace of 15 in is taken

with the left foot in slow time and used to check the forward motion. [LEFT]
Bend the right knee and the right foot is then to be stopped smartly in line with
the left foot in quick time and all movement finishes at the position of Attention.
[TWO]

Fig. 3.34 Slow March Fig. 3.35 Slow March

Left Foot in progress Left Foot – Completed
Fig. 3.36 Slow March Fig. 3.37 Slow March

Right Foot in progress Right Foot – Completed

17 Double March
17.1 The command and timing for “Double March” are as follows :
Command : DOUBLE – MARCH

17.2 The command is to be given when standing in the position of Attention. Step
off with the left foot on a pace of 40 in in 1/3rd of a second (180 paces per
minute). The foot is to meet the ground on the toes.
17.3 With the body inclined slightly forward, but maintaining the correct carriage as
at Attention. The arms are to be bent at the elbow, the forearm forming an
angle of about 90 degrees with the upper arm.
17.4 The double march is a march on the toes with easy swinging strides. The
feet are raised a few inches from the ground during each pace, and the thigh,
knee and ankle joints are to work freely without stiffness. The whole body is
to be carried forward without unnecessary effort, by a push from the rear foot.
The shoulders are to be kept steady and square to the front. The head is to
be erect. (Figs. 3.38 & 3.39)

Fig. 3.38 Double March

Left Foot in progress
(Side View)
Fig. 3.39 Double March

Right Foot in progress
(Side View)

18 Variation in Time
18.1 Most types of march begin from and end with the halt but there are variations
in which slow march can be changed into quick march and quick march into
double march and versa on the commands as follows :
Words of Command Time When Executive Command is given
BREAK INTO DOUBLE TIME, From Quick Time When the right heel strikes the ground.
DOUBLE – MARCH to Double Time
BREAK INTO QUICK TIME, From Double When the right foot strikes the ground.
QUICK – MARCH Time to Quick Checked into two paces. The first pace
Time in quick time begins on the left heel.
BREAK INTO QUICK TIME, From Slow Time When the right foot strikes the ground.
QUICK – MARCH to Quick Time
BREAK INTO SLOW TIME, From Quick When the left heel strikes the ground.
SLOW – MARCH Time to Slow
Time

19 Advance and Retire in Review Order
19.1 Line is the basic formation in Ceremonial Drill. At the conclusion of large
ceremonial parades normally an Advance in Review Order takes place. The
whole parade marches forward straight to the front, halting on the 14.5 paces.
The next command will in all cases be the compliment of a "General Salute".
Before carrying out this movement, the parade must be properly "dressed".
When marching, the "Dressing" will be kept by the centre flight in each
column.
19.2 The parade in "Close Order" formation will be formed up in columns in the
direction facing the saluting dais. The command and timing for “Advance in
Review Order” are as follows :
Command : PARADE WILL ADVANCE IN REVIEW ORDER,

BY THE CENTRE, QUICK – MARCH
Timing : 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 * 6 * 7 * 8 * 9 * 10 * 11 * 12 *
HALT * ONE * ONE * TWO
19.3 During the rehearsal, the Retire will be given when advance in line is not
successful. Firstly, order all flights to turn about from facing the dais and
order "Parade will Retire", i.e. all flights march 14.5 paces and back to their
original position. Then, order the parade to face to the dais again. The
command and timing for “Retire in Review Order” are as follows :
Command : PARADE WILL RETIRE IN REVIEW ORDER,

BY THE CENTRE, QUICK – MARCH
Timing : 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 * 6 * 7 * 8 * 9 * 10 * 11 * 12 *
HALT * ONE * ONE * TWO

Hong Kong Air Cadet Corps CHAPTER FOUR
Drill Manual SQUAD DRILL
CHAPTER FOUR SQUAD DRILL
1 Right Dress
1.1 The movement “Right Dress” comprises of two parts. The command and
timing for the first part are as follows :
Command : SQUAD, RIGHT – DRESS

Timing : UP * PAUSE * DRESSING
1.2 Each cadet, except the right-hand cadet of each rank, is to turn his head and
eyes smartly to the right. Cadets in the front rank are to raise their right arms
without bending the elbows, and make it horizontally, hand clenched, the
backs of the hands upward with the knuckles touching the cadet immediately
on their right. [UP] (Fig. 4.1)
1.3 After this movement there is to be a pause equal to one pace in quick time
(half a second) [PAUSE] and then each cadet is to take up his dressing in line
by moving with short quick paces until he is able to see the lower part of the
face of the second man beyond him. The shoulders are to be kept square to
the front without bending the body or head forward or backward. [DRESSING]
1.4 Cadets in the centre and rear ranks are to cover those in the front rank at one
pace (heel-to-heel) distance, this distance being measured by the right-hand
cadet of the centre and rear ranks, who at the same time as the first file, also
raise their right arms horizontally during the first movement, hand clenched,
the backs of the hands upward and square to the front. (Fig. 4.2)

Timing : ONE
1.6 Each cadet, except the right-hand cadet of each rank, is to turn his head
smartly to the front. All those with raised arms are to bring their arms smartly
to their sides without bending their elbows or striking their thighs, thereby
resuming the correct position of Attention. [ONE]
1.7 Dressing is made without intervals when space is limited when, say, an
address is to be given or on some other special occasions. The command of
“Right Dress” becomes–
Command : WITHOUT INTERVALS, RIGHT – DRESS
1.8 The general procedure is the same as given as the Right Dress, except that
the arms of the front rank are not to be fully extended. Instead, the clenched
hand is to be rested on the person's own right hip at belt level, with the back of
the hand towards the body, thumb to the rear. The bent elbow is to just touch
the left arm of the person to the right. (Fig. 4.3)

Fig. 4.1 Right Dress Fig. 4.2 Right Dress

Front Rank – First Movement First File – First Movement
Fig. 4.3 Without Intervals, Right Dress

Front Rank – First Movement
(Front View)

2 Left Dress
2.1 The movement “Left Dress” comprises of two parts. The command and
timing for the first part are as follows :
Command : SQUAD, LEFT – DRESS

Timing : UP * PAUSE * DRESSING
2.2 Each cadet, except the left-hand cadet of each rank, is to turn his head and
eyes smartly to the left. Cadets in the front rank are to raise their left arms
without bending the elbows, and make it horizontally, hand clenched, the
backs of the hands upward with the knuckles touching the cadet immediately
on their left. [UP] (Fig. 4.4)
2.3 After this movement there is to be a pause equal to one pace in quick time
(half a second) [PAUSE] and then each cadet is to take up his dressing in line
by moving with short quick paces until he is able to see the lower part of the
face of the second man beyond him. The shoulders are to be kept square to
the front without bending the body or head forward or backward. [DRESSING]
2.4 Cadets in the centre and rear ranks are to cover those in the front rank at one
pace (heel-to-heel) distance, this distance being measured by the left-hand
cadet of the centre and rear ranks, who at the same time as the last file, also
raise their left arms horizontally during the first movement, hand clenched, the
backs of the hands upward and square to the front.

Timing : ONE
2.6 Each cadet, except the left-hand cadet of each rank, is to turn his head
smartly to the front. All those with raised arms are to bring their arms smartly
to their sides without bending their elbows or striking their thighs, thereby
resuming the correct position of Attention. [ONE]
2.7 Dressing is made without intervals when space is limited when, say, an
address is to be given or on some other special occasions. The command of
“Left Dress” becomes–
Command : WITHOUT INTERVALS, LEFT – DRESS
2.8 The general procedure is the same as given as the Left Dress, except that the
arms of the front rank are not to be fully extended. Instead, the clenched
hand is to be rested on the person's own left hip at belt level, with the back of
the hand towards the body, thumb to the rear. The bent elbow is to just touch
the right arm of the person to the left.

Fig. 4.4 Left Dress

Front Rank – First Movement
(Front View)

3 Open or Close Order March
3.1 The command and timing for “Open Order March” are as follows :
Command : OPEN (or CLOSE) ORDER – MARCH

3.2 For “Open Order March”, the centre rank stands still, the front rank takes two
paces forward and the rear rank takes two paces backward. [ONE * ONE]
3.3 For “Close Order March”, the centre rank stands still, the front rank takes two
paces backward and the rear rank takes two paces forward. [ONE * ONE]
3.4 On final move, bend the left knee and resume the position of Attention. [TWO]
3.5 The descriptions above are for the formation with three ranks. When in two
ranks, only the front rank moves on each occasion.
4 Fall In
4.1 The command and timing for “Fall In” are as follows :
Command : FALL – IN
4.2 A squad is always to be formed in three ranks, unless specially detailed

otherwise.
4.3 On the command, the first three cadets are to form up the first file in front of
the commander, with the right marker standing 3 paces in front of and facing
the commander, whilst the other two standing behind the right marker at
distances of 1 pace and 2 paces respectively. The remaining cadets are then
formed up files on the left of the first file, maintaining the files at an interval
approximately equal to the length of the right arm of the cadet in the front rank.
Once formed up, cadets should stand in the position of Attention. The
commander then takes a Right Turn, march to the centre of the squad, takes a
Left Turn and dress the squad.
4.4 If there are less than nine cadets but more than three cadets, the squad is to
be formed in two ranks. Procedures similar to those described above are to
be taken, except that the distance between ranks becomes 2 paces instead of
1 pace. If there are three or less cadets, the squad is to be formed in one
single rank only.
4.5 Blank File. When the number of cadets is not sufficient to fill up all files in a
squad, blank file are to be taken so as to maintain the completeness of
directing flanks and files during maneuvering. In general, cadets are to fill up
all the position in the front rank, first file, last file and, where appropriate, rear
rank.
4.6 For a squad of three ranks and short of two cadets, the second and last
positions in the second last file will leave blank. For short of one cadet, the
second position in the second last file will leave blank.
4.7 For a squad of two ranks and short of one cadet, the last position in the third
last file will leave blank.
4.8 Blank file may be achieved by Right or Left Dress. (Fig. 4.5)
6 12 13 7 1
4 10 15 9 3
2 8 14 11 5
Normal Case – No.1 is the tallest; No.15 is the shortest
6 10 13 7 1
4 14 9 3
2 8 12 11 5
Blank File – Short of One Cadet
6 8 13 7 1
4 12 9 3
2 10 11 5
Blank File – Short of Two Cadets
Fig. 4.5 Blank File

5 Fall Out, Dismiss and Officer on Parade Dismiss
5.1 The command and timing for “Fall Out” are as follows :
Command : FALL – OUT

Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * FORWARD
5.2 On the command, the personnel make a Right Incline [ONE * PAUSE * TWO],
and after a pause equal to one pace in quick time [PAUSE], march off
individually to where they have been instructed to go. [FORWARD]
5.3 The order to Fall Out is to facilitate dispersal from formal formation, to attend
to a task or to rest, prior to being required to fall in again.
5.4 The command and timing for “Dismiss” are as follows :
Command : DIS – MISS

Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * FORWARD
5.5 The same action is to be taken as Fall Out.
5.6 The command and timing for “Officer on Parade Dismiss” are as follows :
Command : OFFICER ON PARADE, DIS – MISS

Timing : ONE * PAUSE * TWO * PAUSE * UP * TWO * THREE *
DOWN * PAUSE * FORWARD
5.7 On the command, the personnel make a Right Incline [ONE * PAUSE * TWO],
and after a pause equal to one pace in quick time [PAUSE], salute to the front
[UP * TWO * THREE * DOWN]. After a further pause equal to one pace in
quick time [PAUSE], march off individually. [FORWARD]
5.8 The order to Dismiss or Officer on Parade Dismiss is to dismiss the personnel
from the parade ground after routine meeting, activity or ceremonial.

6 Sizing
6.1 The procedures of Sizing can be broken down into Six Steps
6.2 Step One. Appoint Right Marker.
Command : (RANK) (NAME) AS - MARKER
The squad commander selects the tallest cadet in the squad as Right Marker.
The command is to be given when the squad is in the position of Stand at
Ease. On the command, the appointed cadet takes one pace backward,
makes a right turn, march and halt one pace in front of the squad commander,
and then stand at ease.
6.3 Step Two. Break the squad to form single rank.
Command : SQUAD, ATTEN – TION

TALLEST ON THE RIGHT, SHORTEST ON THE LEFT,
IN SINGLE RANK – SIZE
The squad first comes to the position of Attention. All cadets, except the
appointed Right Marker who has already come out, are to make a left turn
immediately, break ranks and fall in, in single rank, according to size from tall
to short, on the left of the selected cadet, without interval.
6.4 Step Three. Number the cadets.
Command : SQUAD – NUMBER
Cadets, except the Right Marker, are to turn their head and eyes smartly to the
right upon the command "SQUAD". On the command "NUMBER", the Right
Marker is to start the numbering by calling out "ONE", the next cadet on his
left is to turn his head to the front whilst calling out "TWO" and so on. The
last one finishes the numbering by addressing the squad commander (for
example, "SIR", "Ma'am", "Corporal", etc.).
6.5 Step Four. Form two ranks.
Command : ODD NUMBERS STAND FAST, EVEN NUMBERS, TWO

PACES STEP BACKWARD – MARCH
The odd numbers are to stand fast and the even numbers are to take two
paces backward, such that the appointed Right Marker can stand still on the
right of the front rank.
6.6 Step Five. Turn to Left and Right.
Command : NUMBER ONE STAND FAST,

RANKS, RIGHT AND LEFT – TURN
The odd numbers, with the exception of Number One, are to turn to the right
and the even numbers are to turn to the left.
6.7 Step Six. Step off to form squad.
Command : FORM SQUAD, QUICK – MARCH
Cadets, with the exception of Number One, are to step off, the even numbers
wheeling to the right and following the left-hand cadet of the odd numbers
rank. Number Three is to halt one pace in rear of the Number One; Number
Five is to halt one pace in rear of Number Three; Number Seven is to be to the
left of Number One; Number Nine in the rear of Number Seven and so on.
Cadets, on reaching their places, are to turn to their left and take up their
dressing by the right respectively.

7 Get On Parade
7.1 The members of the squad should form up and stand at ease at the assembly
area located at the rear of the Parade Ground.
7.2 The squad leader is to march onto the parade ground, halts at the designated
position on the Imaginary Centre Line, turns to the rear (if applicable) and then
gives the command “RIGHT – MARKER”.
7.3 Upon receipt of command, the right marker of the squad comes to the position
of Attention. After a regulation pause, the right marker marches forward 14.5
paces and then stands at ease after another regulation pause.
7.4 The squad leader gives the command “GET ON – PARADE”, whereupon the
squad and the right marker come to the position of Attention. After a
regulation pause, the squad marches forward 14.5 paces and halts at the
position such that the front rank and first file of the squad will be aligned with
the right marker, whereas a proper formation is to be maintained.
7.5 The squad takes up the dressing (to the right) by themselves after a regulation
pause. When the right hand persons of the leading file is satisfied that the
squad is steady, they are to smartly lower the arms to the side.
7.6 Upon this movement, all personnel, in succession by files from RIGHT to LEFT,
are to turn their head and eyes to the front. For the personnel of the front
rank, they are to lower their right arms to the side at the same time when they
turn their heads.
7.7 All personnel, in succession by files from RIGHT to LEFT, are then to stand at
ease. A regulation pause should be observed between the movements Eyes
Front and Stand At Ease.

8 Form Two or Three Ranks
8.1 The command and timing for “Form Two Ranks” are as follows :
Command : FORM TWO – RANK

8.2 The command is to be given on a formation of three ranks. Each cadet of

centre rank should be properly numbered before the movement. On the
command, odd numbers of the centre rank are to take a pace to the left with
the left foot [ONE], a pace forward with the right foot [ONE], bend the left knee
and bring the left foot to the right to assume the position of Attention [TWO],
standing in the front rank.
8.3 At the same time the even numbers of the centre rank are take a pace to the
left with the left foot [ONE], a pace to the rear with the right foot [ONE], bend
the left knee and bring the left foot the right to assume the position of Attention
[TWO], standing in the rear rank. On completion of the movement, the squad
is to be dressed (usually without intervals).
8.4 If there is a blank file in the centre rank, the last cadet of that rank may in the
interval of the rear rank. For an odd number file, the cadet will act as an
even number. In the case of a squad with even number of cadets in the front
rank and no centre and rear rank cadet in the blank file, the last cadet of the
centre rank will act as even number. (Fig. 4.6)
8.5 The command and timing for “Form Three Ranks” are as follows :
Command : FORM THREE – RANK

8.6 The command is to be given on a formation of two ranks, which is formed from
three ranks. The odd numbers of the original centre rank are to take a pace
to the rear with the left foot [ONE], a pace to the right with the right foot [ONE],
bend the left knee and bring the left foot to the right to resume the position of
Attention in the centre rank [TWO].
8.7 At the same time, the even numbers of the original centre rank are to take a
pace forward with the left foot [ONE], a pace with the right foot [ONE], bend
the left knee and bring the left foot to the right to resume the position of
Attention in the rear rank [TWO]. On completion of the movement, the squad
is to be dressed.

5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1
Situation 1 Situation 2
5 4 3 2 1 6 5 4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
Situation 3 Situation 4
X X X X X X X X
X X X X X X X
Blank File
Fig. 4.6 Form Two Ranks

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Drill Manual

CHAPTER TWO FOOT DRILL – STATIC MOVEMENTS.................................. 10

CHAPTER THREE FOOT DRILL – MARCHING MOVEMENTS .......................... 32

13 About Turn on the March .......................................................................... 52

CHAPTER FOUR SQUAD DRILL ....................................................................... 64

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

1.1 The sequence of instruction in all drill movements is:

1.3 Incorrect drill movements must never be demonstrated. To repeat any

1.5 An instructor must always be in control, constantly checking, encouraging and

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1.6 Note the following:

a. There is no such thing as an un-trainable student; there are simply

2.2 A word of command is divided into three parts:

a. INTRODUCTORY – This tells the squad what complete movement

A pause is always to be made between the cautionary and executive words.

2.4 Instructions should be included in the cautionary phrase. For example if a

RIGHT TURN BY NUMBERS, SQUAD (distinctly) – pause – ONE (sharply)

3.2 The correct timing is:

a. SLOW TIME 60 paces per minute.

4.1 The length of pace in marching is :

a. STAND AT EASE 30 cm (12 in)

5 The Sequence of Instruction

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d. Practice the squad in the first movement, first as a squad, then

6.1 Bear three factors in mind :

LESSON TEACHING FORMATION

Static Movements / Straight Line

Saluting at the Halt Three ranks, open order inclined

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7 Parade Ground Discipline

7.2 Fall in three ranks and be in the position of "Stand at Ease".

7.5 Wearing of sun-glasses, watches, rings, necklaces, gloves etc. is not

7.6 Be alert-minded at all times.

7.7 Every movement is to be performed sharply and diligently.

7.8 Complete silence is to be maintained throughout the drill session or parade

7.9 Stand to attention before answering or asking questions.

7.14 Whenever an instructor or any distinguished visitor is passing by in the

7.15 After being dismissed, leave the parade ground at once.

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Drill The means whereby a body of men is controlled

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Review A ceremonial parade mounted for the specific

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9 Bend the Knee

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CHAPTER TWO FOOT DRILL – STATIC MOVEMENTS

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Fig. 2.1 Position of Attention

Fig. 2.2 Position of Attention

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Command : STAND AT – EASE

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Fig. 2.3 Stand at Ease Fig. 2.4 Stand at Ease

Fig. 2.5 Stand at Ease

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3 Attention (from Stand at Ease)

Command : ATTEN – TION

3.2 The command is given at the completed position of Stand at Ease.

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Command : STAND – EASY

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5 Forward or Backward March