FRIENDLY MOBILE CHARGER

A MINI PROJECT WORK

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWRD OF THE DEGREE OF

BACHELOR OFTECHNOLOGY IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY

K PHANINDRA
K.VENU
(07BQ1A0433 )
(07BQ1A0453)
UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDEANCE OF
SRI.M.R.N TAGORE
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT O F ELECTRONICS AND
COMMUNICATIONS

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

VASIREDDY VENKATADIRI INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY
NAMBUR,GUNTUR DISTRICT
 AFFILATED TO JNTU,KAKINADA,APPROVED BY
AICTE,NEWDELHI.
A.Y 2010-2011

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION
VASIREDDY VENKATADIRI INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY
(Affilated to
jntu,Kakinada)

CERTIFICATE
This to certify that the project entitled “FRIENDLY MOBILE
PHONE CHARGER” Is a bonafied record of Mini project work
done by PHANINDRA.K(07BQ1A0433)&
by VENU.K(07BQA10453) under my guidance and supervision
and submitted
in partial fulfillment of the requirements foe the award of
degeree of bachelor of
technology (el;ectronics and communication engineering )by JNTU
–KAKINADA
during the academic year 2010-2011.

PROF K.GIRIBABU,Ph.d
M.R.N.TAGORE,M.Tech
Head of department,
Associate professor,
DEPT OF ECE
DEPT of ECE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to hereby convey our sincere thanks to
PROF.K.GIRIBABU,HEAD OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING,VVIT who immediately responded to our proposal for our
project and gave us this opportunity

We also want to convey our sincere and whole hearted thanks to our
project guide M.TAGORE
Who guided us to do the project successfully,we are also thankful to our
E.C.E staff who gave us support and motivated to do the project

We are also thankful to DR.MALIKARJUNAREDDY, principal, VVIT who gave

us the required permissions to proceed our project. Finally we also like to
thank each and every one who are involved in making project success

Project Associates…

K.PHANINDRA
(07BQ1A0433)

K.VENU

(07BQ1A0453)

ABSTRACT

Most mobile chargers do not hav e current and voltage regulation

or short –circuit regulation and short-circuit protection these
chargers provide raw 6-12v dc for charging the battery .

For chaging the moblie phone slow charging is advisable which

increases the life of a battery in mobile phones Friendly charger
for mobile phone provides around 180ma current at .6v and
protects the mobile phone from unexpected voltage fluctations
that develops on the main line .son the charger can be left on
over night to replenish the battery charge.
Friendly chargerfor mobile phone protects the mobile phone as
well as charger by immediately disconneecting the output when
it senses a voltage surge or a short circuit in the battery pack or
connector.

The circuit can be called as middle man between the existing

chargerand the mobile phone .The circuit has features like
voltage and current –regulation,overcurrent protection and high-
low voltage cutoff

CONTENTS

1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION

3 DESCRIPTIONS OF COMPONENTS

4. CIRCUIT OPERATION

5. APPLICATIONS

6. CONCLUSION

7. REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION OF FRIENDLY CHARGER FOR

MOBILE
The circuit described here, provides around 180mA current at 5.6V and
protects the mobile phone from unexpected voltage fluctuations that develop
on the mains line. So the charger can be left ‘on’ over night to replenish the
battery charge. The circuit protects the mobile phone as well as the charger
by immediately disconnecting the output when it senses a voltage surge or a
short circuit in the battery pack or connector. It can be called a ‘middle man’
between the existing charger and the mobile phone.

It has features like voltage and current regulation, over-current protection,

and high- and low-voltage cut-off. An added specialty of the circuit is that it
incorporates a short delay of ten seconds to switch on when mains resumes
following a power failure. This protects the mobile phone from instant
voltage spikes. When short-circuit occurs at the battery terminal, resistor R8
senses the over-current, allowing Q1 to conduct and light up D1. Glowing of
D2 indicates the charging mode, while D1 indicates short-circuit or over-
current status.

The value of resistor R8 is important to get the desired current level to

operate the cut-off. With the given value of R8 (3.3 ohms), it is 350 mA.
Charging current can also be changed by increasing or decreasing the value
of R7 using the ‘I=V/R’ rule. Construct the circuit on a common PCB and
house in a small plastic case. Connect the circuit between the output lines of
the charger and the input pins of the mobile phone with correct polarity

Circuit diagram
 HARDWARE COMPONENTS USED IN CIRCUIT:

1 .IC CA310 –It is a voltage comparator

2 .Battery-12V
3 .Transistor-Bc547 and BD677
4 .leds
5 .Resistors (1k,10k,3.3k,220Ω)
6 .Variable resistor
7 . Capacitor (10µ,470µ,1000µ)
 COMPONENTS USED IN MOBILE CHARGER
Main component used in opamp IcCA3130 which is a voltage
comparator. It is the heart of friendly mobile charger

PIN DIAGRAM OF IC CA3130

TOP VIEW OF IC CA313O

POWER SUPPLY OPERATION DIAGRAM OF IC

CA3130
 FEATURES OF IC CA3130

APPLICATIONS OF IC CA3130
PERFORMANCE CURVE OF IC CA3130

TRANSISTORS BC547and BD677

They are BC547and BD677. Bc547 is a NPN transistor this device
is designed for use as general purpose amplifiers and switches
requiring collector currents to 300 mA

The transistor is a component with 3 electric wires coming out of it. They are named
B (base), C (collector), and E (emitter).

If one connects a tension source between the wires C and E, the transistor will not let
any current trough .

• But between B and E there is a shortcut. If one wants to make a given current
go trough B and E, one must use a tension source and a resistor .

• If one sends a current of IB amperes between B and E, then the resistor will
allow a current of IC = ß . IB amperes pass between C et E. In this case, ß is
about 100.

Take care for the polarity: put the positive wire and the negative wire of the battery on
the right place. The direction of the current is very important for a transistor.

The BC 547 is a somewhat weak transistor to make a lamp light up. Perhaps you will
get better results using a stronger transistor, for example the BD 649. Here is a
drawing of it, two times bigger:

At the beginning, by doing wiring errors or making the transistor dissipate too much
heat, you will probably burn a few of them. That's normal.

The reason why one substracts systematically 0.7 Volts from the UBE tension is that
bipolar transistors contain some sort of "parasite" diode. The tension that must be
substracted depends on the sort of semiconductor: 0.7 Volts for silicium, 0.2 Volts for
germanium.

THERMAL CHARACTERSTICS OF TRANSISTOR

symb characteristics max units
ol Bc547/A/B/
C
PD Total device 625 mW
dissipation the
rate above 250c 5.0 mW/0C
0
RJC Thermal 83.3 C/W
resistance,
junction to case
0
RJA Thermal 200 C/W
resistance,
junction to
ambient

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERSTICS OF TRANSISTOR

TRANSISTOR BD677

DESCRIPTION

The BD677transistors Is a monolithic Darlington configuration

mounted in Jedec SOT-32 plastic package. They are intended for
use in medium power linear and switching applications The
complementary PNP types are BD678, BD678A, BD680, BD680A
and BD682 respectively, BD677A, BD679, BD679A and BD681 are
silicon epitaxial-base NPN power
DIAGRAM OF BD677

CHARACTERSTIC CURVE OF BD677

 The other components used in IC CA3130
are capacitors, resistors, variable resistors and zener diode and
led’s they play important role in construction of FRIENDLY MOBILE
CHARGER.

It is a npn transistor which can be used for general purpose

applications

Features :

• Pb−free package is available*

• High dc current gain
• Monolithic Construction
APPLICATION
LINEAR AND SWITCHING INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT

DESCRIPTION OF NPN TRANSISTOR

The transistor is a "CURRENT" operated device and that a large
current (Ic) flows freely through the device between the collector
and the emitter terminals. However, this only happens when a
small biasing current (Ib) is flowing into the base terminal of the
transistor thus allowing the base to act as a sort of current control
input.

The ratio of these two currents (Ic/Ib) is called the DC Current

Gain of the device and is given the symbol of hfe or
nowadays Beta, (β). Beta has no units as it is a ratio. Also, the
current gain from the emitter to the collector terminal, Ic/Ie, is
called Alpha, (α), and is a function of the transistor itself.

As the emitter current Ie is the product of a very small base

current to a very large collector current the value of this
parameter α is very close to unity, and for a typical low-power
signal transistor this value ranges from about 0.950 to 0.999.

α and β Relationships
By combining the two parameters α and β we can produce two
mathematical expressions that gives the relationship between the
different currents flowing in the transistor.

The values of Beta vary from about 20 for high current power
transistors to well over 1000 for high frequency low power type
bipolar transistors.

The equation for Beta can also be re-arranged to make Ic as the

subject, and with zero base current (Ib = 0) the resultant collector
current Ic will also be zero, (β x 0). Also when the base current is
high the corresponding collector current will also be high resulting
in the base current controlling the collector current. One of the
most important properties of the Bipolar Junction Transistor is
that a small base current can control a much larger collector
current

ZENER DIODE

Features of zener diode

ELECTROLYTICCAPACITOR

CAPACITOR

CAPACITOR COLOUR CODING

CAPACITOR DESCRIPTION

There are many kinds of capacitors and several popular

ones are pictured here. Generally, capacitors have two
leads. Some are axial leaded, like resistors, and others
areradial leaded, with both leads at one end. Stompbox
layouts seem to use radial leaded capacitors most often,
but axial leaded are just as good. Unlike resistors, some
capacitors are polarized, with positive and negative
leads: the voltage across such capacitors must agree with
the polarity of the leads. Take care to orient polarized
capacitors correctly in a circuit.

Generally, polarized capacitors have lead markings on

the casing, like a colored band of minus (negative) signs.
The radial electrolytic capacitor pictured above has a
black casing with a gray band and you can just see one
minus sign. Note also that the negative lead is shorter
than the positive lead. On axial electrolytic capacitors,
arrows often point toward the negative lead. The blue
capacitor shown here is an example. When the arrows are
not present, note that the aluminum can (housing) shows
on the negative end while the positive end has a (black)
seal insulated from the housing. Often, the indentation or
groove around one end of the casing is on the positive
end. You can also see some of these features on the blue
capacitor below.

The other capacitors pictured are mylar film (the brown

and green ones above), box film (yellow), and ceramic
disc (light brown).

There are many types of capacitors because there are

many ways to make them and each has its advantages.
There are accompanying disadvantages of course. For
stompboxes, important considerations are size and
effects on an audio signal. There is a lot of discussion
about the latter, with many different views.

Values

Capacitor values are called capacitance, which is

measured in farad units that are denoted by the capital
letter F. In stomp box circuits, the largest capacitances
are on the order of 10-6farads and their units
are microfarads, denoted by μF. For typing convenience,

μF and uF and mF

are equivalent, where u has a similar appearance

to μ and m is the Latin character that corresponds to μ.
(The mF notation is awkward because m often denotes
“milli” or “one-thousandth” as
in mA for milliamps or mm for millimeter. Nevertheless
you will see it occasionally, as in the Small Bear catalog.)
The smallest capacitances one sees are picofarads or10-
12
farads, denoted pF. In between, there
are nanofarads (10-9 farads denoted nF). Many
schematics avoid nF, writing .01μF instead of 10nF. If
there are no units for the capacitors on a stomp box
schematic, one generally assumes that the units are μF.

Although the notation is usually reserved for resistors,

one occasionally sees the decimal point in a capacitor
value replaced with the capacitor’s magnitude. For
example, 2.2nF is sometimes noted as 2n2. Also the F (for
farad) is also frequently dropped even when there is a
decimal point: 2.2n instead of 2.2nF.

Tolerances are generally ±20%, much less accurate than

common resistors. As a result, capacitors generally come
in fewer values than resistors, but the values are
organized in the same way. Capacitance values
proportional to 10, 15, 22, 33, 47, and 68 are quite
common. See the Values section of Resistors 1:
Description for additional information or this Wikipedia
entry.

• ceramic: often used for small capacitances in

the 1pF to 1000pF range.
• polarized electrolytic: typically appear in power
supply filters with values 10μF and higher.
• film: come in various kinds and their values cover a
large range, say 1,000pF to severa lμF.
• mica: used for small capacitances like ceramic
capacitors.
 • tantalum: polarized and used in the signal path for
their character. For examples, see the schematic
of the tube screamer clone or the schematic of the
Red Llama clone.

RESISTOR
Resistor used in circuit is typical axial-lead capacitor

RESISTOR THEORY:
Resistors are circuit elements that allow current to pass through them, but
restrict the flow according to a specific ratio called "Resistance". Flow that
is restricted by resistors is said to be "lost to the resistor". Resistors are
commonly used as heating elements, because energy lost to the resistor is
frequently dispersed into the surroundings as heat. Every resistor has a
given resistance. Resistors that have a variable resistance as a function of
position are known as "potentiometers". Resistors that have a variable
resistance as a function of temperature are called "thermisters".
OPERATION OF RESISTOR:
Resistors provide an obstruction to the flow of electricity around a
circuit. A voltage is dropped across a resistor, dependant on the
current flowing through the resistor. Here are some useful
formulae:
Voltage Dropped across a Resistor:
V = IR, where I is in Amps, and R in Ohms
This can be re-arranged to give Current or Resistance if Voltage is
already known (see ohms law).
Power Dissipated in a Resistor:
P = I2R or V2/R where P is in Watts
Always make sure the resistor's power rating is not exceeded!
Resistors in Series:
Putting resistors in series increases the total resistance:
R = R1 + R2 = R3 .....
Note that the total resistance should be greater than that of any
of the individual resistors.
Resistors in Parallel:
Putting resistors in parallel reduces the total resistance:
(1/R) = (1/R1) + (1/R2) + (1/R3) .....
If you have only 2 resistors in parallel you can use:
R = (R1 R2) / (R1 + R2)
Note that the total resistance will be less than that of any of the
individual resistors.
COLOUR CODING OF RESISTOR
Ohm’s law
To make a current flow through a resistance there must be a voltage across
that resistance. Ohm's Law shows the relationship between the voltage (V),
current (I) and resistance (R). It can be written in three ways:

V V
V=I×R or I= or R=
R I

where: V = voltage in volts (V) or: V = voltage in volts (V)

I = current in amps (A) I = current in milliamps (mA)
 R = resistance in ohms ( ) R = resistance in kilohms (k )

For most electronic circuits the amp is too large and the ohm is too small, so
we often measure current in milliamps (mA) and resistance in kilohms (k ). 1
mA = 0.001 A and 1 k = 1000 .

The Ohm's Law equations work if you use V, A and , or if you use V, mA and
k . You must not mix these sets of units in the equations so you may need to
convert between mA and A or k and .

The VIR triangle

V
You can use the VIR triangle to help you remember the three
I R
versions of Ohm's Law.
Write down V, I and R in a triangle like the one in the yellow box
on the right. Ohm's Law
triangle

• To calculate voltage, V: put your finger over V,

this leaves you with I R, so the equation is V = I × R
• To calculate current, I: put your finger over I,
this leaves you with V over R, so the equation is I = V/R
• To calculate resistance, R: put your finger over R,
this leaves you with V over I, so the equation is R = V/I

Ohm's Law Calculations

Use this method to guide you through calculations:

1. Write down the Values, converting units if necessary.

2. Select the Equation you need (use the VIR triangle).
3. Put the Numbers into the equation and calculate the answer.

It should be Very Easy Now!

• 3 V is applied across a 6 resistor, what is the current?

o Values: V = 3 V, I = ?, R = 6
V
o Equation: I = /R
3
o Numbers: Current, I = /6 = 0.5 A
• A lamp connected to a 6 V battery passes a current of 60 mA, what is
the lamp's resistance?
o Values: V = 6 V, I = 60 mA, R = ?
V
o Equation: R = /I
6
o Numbers: Resistance, R = /60 = 0.1 k = 100
(using mA for current means the calculation gives the resistance
in k )

• A 1.2 k resistor passes a current of 0.2 A, what is the voltage across

it?
o Values: V = ?, I = 0.2 A, R = 1.2 k = 1200
(1.2 k is converted to 1200 because A and k must not be
used together)
o Equation: V = I × R
o Numbers: V = 0.2 × 1200 = 240
ELECTRONIC OPTICAL CHARACTERSTICS OF LED
USED IN CIRCUIT

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS OF LED USED IN

CIRCUIT
CONCLUSION :
• High safety

• Over all protection

• Increase the life of cell phone battery

• Protects the mobile phone from unexpected fluctuations

ADVANTAGES OF FRIENDLY MOBILE CHARGER

• Good current and voltage regulatons

• Over-current protection

It will act as middle –men between the existing charger and

the cell-phone battery

Application
REFERENCES
www.datasheet.com

www.circuit for engineers.com

www.analogdevices.com

www.texasinstruments.com

www.projects for engineers.com

www.electronicdevices.com

www.electronicdevices.com

www.circuitdatasheet.com