BEAM TUTORIAL 4

SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE No.1

1. Calculate the maximum shear stress and the shear stress at the junction of the bottom flange and
web for the same case as worked example No.2

(104 MPa, 22 MPa and 88.2 MPa)

Determine the shear stress at the junction of the top flange and web for the section shown when a
shear force of 40 kN acts vertically down on the section.

Figure 8
SOLUTION

This part is the same as the worked example.

First calculate the second moment of area. The tabular method is used here. Divide the shape into
three sections A, B and C. First determine the position of the centroid from the bottom edge.
Area y Ay
2
A 600 mm 45 mm 27 000 mm3
B 300 mm2 25 mm 7500 mm3
2
C 400 mm 5 mm 2000 mm3
Totals 1300 mm2 365000 mm3

For the whole section the centroid position is y =365000/1300 = 28.07 mm

Now find the second moment of area about the base using the parallel axis theorem.

BD3/12 Ay2 I = BD3/12 +A y 2

A 60 x 103/12=5000 mm4 600 x 452=1215000 1220000 mm4
B 10 x 303/12=22500 mm4 300 x 252=187500 210000 mm4
C 40 x 103/12=3333 mm4 2
400 x 5 =10000 13333 mm4
Total = 1443333 mm4

The total second moment of area about the bottom is 1443333 mm4
Now move this to the centroid using the parallel axis theorem.

I = 1443333 - A y 2 =1443333- 1300 x 28.072 = 418300 mm4

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 The maximum stress is at y = 0
⎛ 28.08 2 ⎞
Ay = 40 x ⎜⎜ ⎟ − 30 x
18.082 ( )
= 10866 mm3
⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ 2
FA y 40 x 10 3 x Ay
τ= = b = t = 0.010
Ib 418300 x10 −12 x b

40 x 10 3 x 10866 x 10 -9
τ= −12
= 104 x 10 6 N/m 2
418300 x10 x 0.01

At the junctions of the flange and web, this will change suddenly as the value of b changes.
Consider the junction of the bottom flange with the web.

A = 400 mm2 I gg = 418300 mm4 y = 23.08 mm

FA y 40 x 10 3 x 400 x 10 −6 x 23.08 x 10 −3 882.8 x 10 3

τ= = =
Ib 418300x10 −12 x b b
Where b = 10 mm the shear stress is τ = 88.2 MPa
Where b = 40 mm the shear stress is τ = 22 MPa

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2. A ‘T’ section beam has a transverse shear force of
80 kN at a point on its length. The flange and web are 12
mm thick. The flange is 80 mm wide and the overall depth
is 100 mm. Determine the maximum shear stress and the
shear stresses at the junction of the flange and web.
(94.3 MPa, 86 MPa and 12.9 MPa)
The following solution has been done with Mathcad.

B = 0.08 D = 0.10 t = 0.012 F = 80000

−3 2 2
A := B⋅ D − ( B − t ) ⋅ ( D − t ) A = 2.016 × 10 B⋅ D ( B − t) ⋅ ( D − t)
fmbase := −
2 2
−4 fmbase
fmbase = 1.367 × 10 ybar := ybar = 0.068
A
3 3
B⋅ D ( B − t) ⋅ ( D − t) −5 2 −6
Ibase := − Ibase = 1.122 × 10 Igg := Ibase − A ⋅ ybar Igg = 1.95 × 10
3 3
The stress in the flange only
h1 := D − ybar h1 = 0.032 h2 := D − t − ybar h2 = 0.02 y := h2

d1 := h1 − y d1 = 0.012

Ay := B⋅ d1⋅ ⎛⎜ y +
d1 ⎞ −5
Ay = 2.514 × 10 b := B
⎝ 2 ⎠
F⋅ Ay
τ := y = 0.02 τ = 1.289 × 10
7
Igg ⋅ b

b := t h1 := D − ybar h1 = 0.032 h2 := D − t − ybar h2 = 0.02 y := h2

d1 := h1 − y d1 = 0.012

Ay := B⋅ d1⋅ ⎛⎜ y +
d1 ⎞ F⋅ Ay
− 5 τ := 7
⎝ 2 ⎠ Ay = 2.514 × 10 Igg ⋅ b τ = 8.595 × 10

Shear Stress in Web

y=0 b=t d1 := h1 − y d1 = 0.032 d2 := h2 − y d2 = 0.02

Ay := B⋅ d1⋅ ⎛⎜ y +
d1 ⎞
− ( B − t) ⋅ d2⋅ ⎛⎜ y +
d2 ⎞ −5
Ay = 2.759 × 10
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
F⋅ Ay
τ := 7
Igg ⋅ b τ = 9.431 × 10

y=0 b = 0.02 t = 0.02

Ay := t⋅ ( ybar − y ) ⋅ ⎛⎜ y +
ybar − y ⎞ F⋅ Ay
τ := ybar = 0.068
⎝ 2 ⎠ Igg ⋅ b
ybar − y −3
y+ = 0.034 t ⋅ ( ybar − y ) = 1.356 × 10
2
7 −5
τ = 9.431 × 10 Ay = 4.598 × 10

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SELF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE No.2

1. A ‘U’ section is made from thin plate of thickness t = 2 mm with outer dimensions B =120 mm
and D = 100 mm as shown. A transverse shear force of 60 kN is applied. Calculate the position of
the shear centre.

Answers z = 43.14 mm, Iz = 1.3 x 106 mm4 Flange force = 29.9 kN each and web force = 60 kN
The shear centre is 48.8 mm to the left of the section.

B := 0.12 D := 0.1 t := 0.002

F := 60000 b := B − t d := D − 2⋅ t

A1 := B⋅ t A1 = 240E-006 A2 := ( D − 2⋅ t )t A2 = 192E-006

A := 2A1 + A2 A = 672E-006

B t
Mom1 := A1⋅ Mom1 = 14.4E-006 Mom2 := A2⋅ Mom2 = 192E-009
2 2
Mom
Mom := 2Mom1 + Mom2 Mom = 28.992E-006 zbar := zbar = 43.1429E-003
A
3 3
B⋅ D b⋅ d
Iz := − Iz = 1.3001E-006
12 12

D t
ybar := −
SHEAR FLOW IN FLANGE 2 2
F
z := 0.01 A := ( B − z) ⋅ t q := ⋅ A ⋅ ybar q = 497.5017E+003
Iz

F
z := B A := ( B − z) ⋅ t q := ⋅ A ⋅ ybar q = 0E+000
Iz
B
⌠ F
Ff := ⎮ ⋅ [ ( B − z) ⋅ t] ⋅ ybar dz
⎮ Iz Ff = 29.9066E+003
⌡
0.005

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 SHEAR FLOW IN WEB

D
h := −t h = 48E-003
2

⎛ D −t + y⎞
⎜ 2
Aybar := ⎡⎢B⋅ t⋅ ⎛⎜ − ⎞⎥⎤ + ⎛⎜ − t − y ⎞ ⋅ t⋅ ⎜
D t D
y := 0 Aybar = 14.064E-006
⎣ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
F
q := ⋅ Aybar q = 649.0598E+003
Iz
⎛ D −t + y⎞
⎜ 2
Aybar := ⎡⎢B⋅ t⋅ ⎜ − ⎞⎤⎥ + ⎜ − y ⎞ ⋅ t⋅ ⎜
⎛D ⎛D
D t
y := −t
2 ⎣ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

F
q := ⋅ Aybar q = 551.59E+003
Iz
D− t
⌠ 2
⎮ ⎡ ⎛ D − t + y ⎞⎤
⎢
F ⎡ ⎛ D t ⎞⎤ ⎛ D ⎜ 2 ⎥
+ ⎜ − t − y ⎞ ⋅ t⋅ ⎜
⎮
Fw := 2⋅ ⋅ ⎢ ⎢B⋅ t⋅ ⎜ − ⎥ ⎥ dy
⎮ Iz ⎣ ⎣ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦ Fw = 59.9882E+003
⌡
0

SHEAR CENTRE POSITION

2⋅ Ff⋅ ⎛⎜ ⎞ + Fw⋅ zbar

D t
−
e :=
⎝2 2⎠
− zbar e = 48.839E-003
F

3⋅ B
= 45E-003
8

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2. Repeat the problem but with t = 10 mm and comment on the differences.

Answers z = 46.25 mm, Iz = 5.3 x 106 mm4 Flange force = 33.6 kN each and web force = 59.6 kN
The shear centre is 50.2 mm to the left of the section. The problems with thicker material is the
distribution and force in the junction areas and what precise values to use for the dimensions.

B := 0.12 D := 0.1 t := 0.01

F := 60000 b := B − t d := D − 2⋅ t

A1 := B⋅ t A1 = 1.2E-003 A2 := ( D − 2⋅ t )t A2 = 800E-006

A := 2A1 + A2 A = 3.2E-003

B t
Mom1 := A1⋅ Mom1 = 72E-006 Mom2 := A2⋅ Mom2 = 4E-006
2 2
Mom
Mom := 2Mom1 + Mom2 Mom = 148E-006 zbar := zbar = 46.25E-003
A
3 3
B⋅ D b⋅ d
Iz := − Iz = 5.3067E-006
12 12

D t
ybar := −
SHEAR FLOW IN FLANGE 2 2
F
z := 0.01 A := ( B − z) ⋅ t q := ⋅ A ⋅ ybar q = 559.6734E+003
Iz

F
z := B A := ( B − z) ⋅ t q := ⋅ A ⋅ ybar q = 0E+000
Iz
B
⌠ F
Ff := ⎮ ⋅ [ ( B − z) ⋅ t] ⋅ ybar dz
⎮ Iz Ff = 33.644E+003
⌡
0.005

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 SHEAR FLOW IN WEB

D
h := −t h = 40E-003
2

⎛ D −t + y⎞
⎜ 2
Aybar := ⎡⎢B⋅ t⋅ ⎛⎜ − ⎞⎤⎥ + ⎛⎜ − t − y ⎞ ⋅ t⋅ ⎜
D t D
y := 0 Aybar = 62E-006
⎣ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
F
q := ⋅ Aybar q = 701.005E+003
Iz
⎛ D −t + y⎞
⎜ 2
Aybar := ⎡⎢B⋅ t⋅ ⎛⎜ − ⎞⎤⎥ + ⎛⎜ − y ⎞ ⋅ t⋅ ⎜
D D t D
y := −t
2 ⎣ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

F
q := ⋅ Aybar q = 655.7789E+003
Iz
D− t
⌠ 2
⎮ ⎡ ⎛ D − t + y ⎞⎤
⎢ ⎜ 2 ⎥
⋅ ⎢ ⎡⎢B⋅ t⋅ ⎛⎜ − ⎞⎤⎥ + ⎛⎜ − t − y ⎞ ⋅ t⋅ ⎜
⎮ F D t D
Fw := 2⋅
⎮ ⎥ dy Fw = 59.6561E+003
Iz ⎣ ⎣ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎦
⌡
0

SHEAR CENTRE POSITION

2⋅ Ff⋅ ⎛⎜ ⎞ + Fw⋅ zbar

D t
−
e :=
⎝ 2 2⎠
− zbar e = 50.2009E-003
F

3⋅ B
= 45E-003
8

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