1. The diagram shows part of a finger and a reflex arc.

(a) (i) Name the type of neurone labelled B in the diagram.

............…………………………………………………………………………
(1)

(ii) Describe how nerve impulses are passed from neurone A to neurone B.

............…………………………………………………………………………

............…………………………………………………………………………
(2)

(b) The words below are used to describe the pathway which involves nerve impulses during
a reflex action.

effector neurones receptor response stimulus

Complete the pathway using these words.

s tim u lu s

(3)
(Total 6 marks)

Al-Najah Private School 1

2. The diagram shows the neurones along a nerve pathway. This allows a finger to be rapidly
removed from a hot object by a reflex response. Only the neurones and a muscle are shown.

m u s c l e n e u Ar o n e
e f f e c t o r

r e l a y
n e u r o n e

r e c e p t o r
n e u Br o n e

Use the information in the diagram and your own knowledge to answer the questions.

(a) Name neurones A and B.

A ..................................................................................................................................

B ...................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) An impulse was produced in response to the hot object.

Put an X on the diagram to show where the impulse began.
(1)

(c) Put an arrow in each box to show the direction of the impulse.
(1)

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 (d) Explain what takes place at a synapse.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

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.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 8 marks)

3. Read this passage from a newspaper.

Confused cockerel

Farmer Morris uses Bertie the cockerel for his alarm clock. Every morning at
daybreak, Bertie flies to the top of the barn roof and crows “Cockle doodle
doo!”. The Morris family, several neighbours and their livestock are thus
stirred into action.
August 11th 1999 was a confusing day for Bertie. Having completed his hour-
long performance, he came back down to earth as usual and scratched around
for worms. A few hours later he experienced the eclipse. The Moon completely
blocked out the Sun’s rays and when the light returned, Bertie felt compelled to
repeat his daily routine of crowing. This time he only managed five minutes.

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 Crowing is a reflex action in response to a stimulus (change in the environment).
Complete this sequence of events by giving the stages involved in Bertie’s
crowing.

1. Stimulus .....................................................................................................……........

2. Receptor .....................................................................................................…............

3. Co-ordination by the central nervous system.

4. Effector ......................................................................................................…............

5. Response ....................................................................................................…............
(Total 4 marks)

Computer games and reaction times

A computer game site allows you to test your reaction time. This is done by pressing the mouse
each time a dot changes colour on the screen. You repeat the test 5 times and then your average
reaction time is calculated.
Harry and Sharon both completed the test. Their results are below.

test Harry’s reaction time (s) Sharon’s reaction time (s)

1 0.208 0.289
2 0.225 0.282
3 0.249 0.335
4 0.294 0.290
5 0.179 0.169
Average ? 0.273

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4. The diagram shows a cross section through part of a neurone.

f a t t y ( m y e l i n )
s h e a t h

(a) Name structure X ..........................................................................................................

(1)

(b) Give one function of the fatty (myelin) sheath. ...........................................................

.......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) The neurone conducts impulses from a touch receptor in the skin.

(i) Give the name of this type of neurone.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(ii) Name the organ that processes impulses from this neurone.

...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)

Al-Najah Private School 5