c

Chapter Four

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter deals with the organization and analysis of the data gathered from the

various respondents of the study.

I. The CFVs Project and

Its Historical Background

CFVs Project is a modality for enhancing the transfer of conservation farming

technologies and practices anchored on participatory planning, monitoring and evaluation

processes at the community level.

The CFVs Project was organized in Bicol University with the participation of Bicol

Upland Resources Development Foundation Inc., Bicol Consortium for Agriculture and

Research Development and other agencies. Three (3) of the Barangays in Ligao City

became CFVs Model, namely Abella, Maonon, and Oma-oma. The CFVs Project in Ligao

City is jointly implemented by the Bicol University College of Agriculture and Forestry

(BUCAF) Guinobatan, Albay, and the Local Government Units of Ligao City (LGUs). The

Project is part of a National Program Funded by NEDA through the KR2 funds and being

coordinated by PCARRD. From the pilot-scale experiments of the project, the alley

cropping system was proven effective in arresting soil erosion and providing farmers with

economic benefits. On-farm research identified issues and constraints in the adaption of

the technologies, and proposed a number of strategies to enhance awareness and

participation. Consequently, the project developed and advocated the Conservation

Farming Village (CFV) approach to disseminate sloping land management practices and

technologies. The partnership now looks forward to the conduits in the advocacy of

sustainable management of sloping land community level.

c

The first CFV was successfully launched in Barangay Maria Paz, Tanauan,

Batangas in July 1999. Barangay Maria Paz also served as the on-farm research site, with

the funding support from the International Water Management Institute (IWMI) and

PCARRD. It was implemented through the DA-Southern Tagalog Integrated Agricultural

Research Management (BSWM) and the Tanaun City and Maria Paz LGUs. Various CFV

practices, experiences and approaches have since been adopted by other communities in

Tanaun City, Batangas. The project as so far shown that farmers have gained additional

income from adoption of the technologies.(PCARRD¶s Agricultural Resource Management

Research Division 2000).

CFVs were organized in the Bicol Region with the participation of Bicol Upland

Resource Research and Development, and other agencies. Three Barangays in Ligao

City, Albay became CFVs. Farmers¶ awareness and knowledge on SLM Technologies

increased, resulting to positive attitudes toward CFV Technologies. CFVs sustainability

was measured when communities developed livelihood programs particularly on vegetable

production, with noticeable increased in incomes. Moreover, the establishment of CFV

paved the way for Barangay resolution, ordinance, and local programs that support the

adoption of Conservation Farming Technologies. Concern for sustainable upland

agriculture has been imbedded in the local planning processes and structures. The project

hopes that activities under CFV will be sustained such that farmers will truly be

empowered to save their upland from destruction and consequently improved their

livelihoods.

II. Components of CFVs Project

c

c The major components and/or activities to be conducted in establishing and

sustaining the life of a CFVs in barangays Abella, Maonon and Oma-oma Ligao City are

the following;

. Key players and community organizing, orientation and planning workshop.

The first stage shall involve the necessary organization of key players, briefings,

meetings and orientation on the need for a CFV approach. This component shall adopt

participatory approaches for problem identification and the necessary solutions. The Bicol

University College of Agriculture and Forestry (BUCAF) and City Government of Ligao

shall conduct necessary meetings and consultations, and then proceed with the

Participatory Rapid Rural Appraisal (PRRA) to characterize the sites. The most important

point to consider would be the farmers¶ and the community¶s realization that there are soil

erosion and soil related problems that need to be addressed and the need for actors like

farmers, LGU planners, other stakeholders to adequately appreciate the watershed or

landscape perspective in land and farm management. This would include initial

identification of technologies and approaches that can match the location-specific

concerns determined during the site characterization. Likewise, key players / actors would

be identified like community-based organizations (CBO¶s), if present, NGO/NGA/GO and

other partners. CFV champions would be identified and included in the capacity

development plan.

2. Multi-stakeholder community development planning and sustainability

immersion.

The focus of this component is the multi-stakeholder consultation and detailed

implementation planning including identifying community sustainability indicators,

institutionalization into the local planning process, and CFV declaration. A series of
c

consultations would be held to thresh out possible problems and focus on creating a

doable plan of action with dependable support systems. This also includes immersion on

the concept of sustainability/sustainable agriculture for rural development and the

enhancement of Community/Barangay Development Plans (BDP) and Municipal Detailed

Implementation Plans.

. Identifying and capacitating farmer-volunteers (FVs) and community extension

workers under an appropriate technology promotion mechanism at the local
level.

Community Extension Workers (CEWs) and Farmer Volunteers (FVs) would be

identified and capacitated under an appropriate technology promotion mechanism at the

local level. Farmer Volunteers would be identified and trained as co-trainers or main

actors in capacity building in the community or village. The FVs, extension workers, and

other change agents would be exposed to various capacity-building activities including

cross-visits, training, provision of IEC strategies and training paraphernalia. This would

equip them as technology users and change agents to teach fellow farmers on

conservation farming technologies and other good farming practices. This is important in

farmer-to-farmer linkages and farmer ± GO ± NGO partnership in expanding the benefits

from CFV. A local technology promotion and its institutionalization mechanism would be

developed by the players in the Research-Extension (R-E) continuum. Training and

information needs assessment would be adopted and a focused communication plan

would serve as guide for the municipality and barangay. Here, the role of the LGU as the

mandated government arm for technology and information diffusion would be enhanced.

CFV as LGU-led undertaking would take active leadership in the details of extension

system of local level and capacity development plans. Local extension systems would be

linked to GO, NGO and provincial and regional systems for support.
c

Î. Capacity building for farmers and other community groups and key players.

Through the partnership among FVs, change agents, scientists and experts, specific

training programs such as on participatory approaches to SLM will increase the knowledge

of village farmers. Farmers will be trained on the scientific way of farming to enable them

to adequately manage their upland farms. They are expected to practice what they learned

through a demonstration farm they themselves will establish. Other sectors of the

community such as community groups, youth, and organizations would be targets of

capacity development strategies.

5. Development of sloping land S and T based model farms.

The activity would include on-farm research and techno demonstration or technology

adaptation trials for areas where participatory resource assessment and planning has

been accomplish. The farm will serve as a showcase of package of technologies that

demonstrate the profitability and productivity of the farm components as well as its

importance in combating soil degradation problems. The marketability of products would

be a major concern as this is one area times identified by the upland farmers.

The S&T based model farm is a simple process starting with the identification of the FV

farm, identification and assessment of the interventions needed, the testing of the

interventions and the promotion of such to adjacent farms once confidence on the positive

performance of the interventions has been achieved. Supply chain analysis (SCA) is

employed in the identification of the interventions. This means that interventions will not be

limited to the production system of the FV farm, but may include those related to market

and other points in the supply chain. However, this modality can stand alone as a

technology utilization modality. Farmer-volunteers, other farmers and implementing

c

agencies and NGOs shall establish on-farm research and demo farms to support the

scientific practices being imparted to the farmers and other interested parties. By

establishing model demonstration S&T based farms, they would be able to show to the

farmers the benefits from adapting scientific farming practices or best agricultural

practices.

To be taken into consideration in the development of a basket of options are

catchments and sources of water and genetic pool of appropriate species adopted under

upland conditions. Seeds and planting materials will be sourced out from various programs

or sources where possible.

. Putting in place the basic facilities and structures like trading posts cum
training shelter and conservation farming information service (CFIS).

A barangay training and information shelter will provide the venue for community

meetings, for a knowledge exchanges, and a place where farmers can avail of information

materials on agriculture and forestry. This would be established by the LGU as their

counterpart. It would be linked to the Farmers Information and Technology Service (FITS)

centers where possible. ñ


 


  


 



 
ñ
 







 
 



 
  

 
! 
""#$%""#& Where other funding

support is available, trading post would be established which could serve as training

shelter and CFIS. The CFIS/Training shelter shall be established in a strategic location in

the area so that it can function as a trading post conducive to market agricultural produce

and can service adjacent CFVs. The CFIS is a one-stop-information shop or facilities

housing materials on technologies and information on conservation farming.

c

A. Marketing strategies and livelihood support mechanism.

An essential element in CFV sustainability is the systematic and organized

production and marketing strategies that would encourage the upland farmers to sustain

their acquired knowledge in CFV. Marketing of farmers¶ produce is a major concern

especially in the uplands. Farmers¶ interest tends to wane when farmers are not assured

of market outlets for their products. Hence, production and marketing linkages should be

established that would remain stable even beyond the project life. The project would

adopt mechanisms, taking off from available marketing models and systems, for better

market-product matching with local farmers¶ resources and capabilities and product

demand. This component also includes roll-over mechanism for financial support for the

creation of livelihood projects for the group of farmers. This would be undertaken through

the partner NGO or community-based organization (CBO), where possible.

The support of other marketing arms and possible sources would be tapped.

X. Establishment of farming support systems like credit, technical assistance

linkages, information or data basing, baseline information gathering, and
policy support mechanisms.

For CFV to go beyond its project life, needs various support systems. Information is

important as these provide farmers important bases in decision-making in the farm.

Information and communication technology (ICT) are also important in terms of data

collection, processing, storage and retrieval. This would be an input to the CFIS and local

planning activities. The lead agency and its partners proactive in delivering the necessary

support to the community until it is able to come to terms with and solve its own problems

and issues. Individual or farming groups would also be linked to formal and informal

sources of credit facilities. Policy initiatives at the local level can be looked into to support
c

a more holistic perspective in upland development. Through enhanced governance, the

project expects to promote better formulation of policies at the local level responsive to

sustainability criteria. The CFV design includes capacity development of LGU / NGO¶s in

project management, IEC development and impact assessment, and others.

-. Monitoring and evaluation including project impact assessment.

To enhance governance, a participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) strategy

will be undertaken. BUCAF and the City of Ligao, with the participation of key players or

the CBO will conduct M&E periodically, particularly on technology adoption. Regular field

visits would be jointly held by stakeholders with experts providing on-site technical

assistance and advice to improve the application of conservation farming technologies.

Impact assessment of the project shall be conducted mid-tem and at the end of the

project. The Community Sustainability Indicators (CSI) for long-term M&E shall be used to

ensure that collective action, policies, and relevant SLM programs will be properly

implemented and that target impacts are achieved. Through enhanced governance, the

project expects to promote better formulation of policies at the local level responsive to

sustainability criteria.

III. Characteristics of the Respondents

¬
 
 



 
 


•
ccc c
  
ccc c  c
c
 c c c
c
c cc
 c 
 c  c  c
cc
c c  c

 cc
 cc  c c cc c c  c cc c c c!c

  c
 c c " c#$%c
 c c c $c c

& c  cc' c c
 " c#$%
 c c c c

& cc c c  cc(  c
 c#$%cc
c

  c
 c c #$c  c  c c c!c ccc cc  cc)
 c  c
' c c c* c  
 cc c+$%  c c,$%c
 cc(  cc  c
 c$%cc c  c c c#$% c!c cc
c cc c c
  cc cc
  c  c$$%cc  c  c c ccc!c cc c
cc
 c  cc)
 c cc#-c+$%c!c' c c$c  c+c
 c#$%c
 cc(  cc  c c$%c cc$c!c cc 
 c  c
 c
)
 c  c' c$%ccc c  c  cc)
 cc cccc

cc,$%c  cc
c  c,$%c!c' c
 c,$%c cccc

c(c c c  cc(  c " c$%c cccc
cc  c
 c
,$%c cccc
c  c
c!c cc
cc
c cc  c c
 
 cc c  cc cc  c$$%c cc c  c cc c c
 c
cc
c(c c c  c c
 c
cc
cc cc)
 c
 c,$%c cc
 c  c#$%c cc
 c
cc
c c,$%c cc c
 c c
  c  c!c' c c  c
 c,$%c c ccc
,$%c
  c
 c  c  c#$%c cc
 c& &  cc,$%c cc
 c

cc
c!c(  c cc  c c c c* c  
 cc c c
  cc
 c
cc
c
c .c,$%c cc
 c

 c
 c
  c
 cc,$%c cc
 c
cc
c
c
•


 
 



 
 






¬
¬¬
¬ 
¬¬




/c %c /c %c /c %c
 ¬

c c c c c c
ccccccc)c0
& c c c c c c c
 c $c $c ,c #$c $c $c
$c ,c #$c c ,$c $c $c
 c c ,$c c ,$c ,c #$c
# $c c ,$c $c $c $c $c
## c c ,$c c $c $c $c
 #$c $c $c $c $c ,c #$c
 c $c $c $c $c c ,$c
•
!

!

!


" #
c c c c c c
' c #c +$c #c +$c c $c
/ 
c ,$c c ,$c ,c #$c
•
!

!

!


$ %
&
c c c c c c
Pc $c $c $c $c $c $c
' 
c $$c c $$c c $$c
•
!

!

!


c

, 




c c c c c c
+c $c $c ,c #$c $c $c
#-c #c +$c c ,$c ,c #$c
$c c ,$c ,c #$c c $c
•
!

!

!


! &
¬ 
c c c c c c
93  c c $c c $c $c $c
4P
c5c c ,$c $c $c c $c
4cP
c3 c c ,$c c ,$c c ,$c
6c3 c $c $c c ,$c c ,$c
•
!

!
!



- &


* 







 '

c c c c c c





/ c
c $$c c $$c c $$c
••¬
!

!

!


'



c







/cc $c $c c ,$c $c $c
ccccc6  cc ,c #$c $c $c c ,$c
ccccc9

 c $c $c $c $c c ,$c
ccccc7 c $c $c $c $c c ,$c
ccccc0
 c $c $c c ,$c c ,$c
ccccc0c•  c c ,$c $c $c $c $c
0  8 &  c $c $c ,c #$c $c $c
ccccc9:)c ,c #$c 
,$c 
,$c
•

!

!

!


  
 




'

 

•
c,cc c
  
ccc c  c
c
 c c c
c
c c cc
 c  c 
 c  

1  c2c
c
•
c$,c•cP
  
c2cc c0
 c1  c





()
**¬
¬¬
¬ 
¬¬




/c +
/c %c /c %c
c

 ¬

c c c c c c
ccccccc)c0
& c c c c c c
 c c ,-,c $c $c
$c $c $c c ;c
 c c ;c ,c +c
# $c c ;c ,c +c
## c c ;c ,c +c
#$c $c $c ,c +c
 c c ,-,c $c $c
,$c c ;c c ;c
,, c c ;c c ;c
•







" #
c c c c c c
' c c # c +c -,-c
/ 
c # #c c ,-,c
•







$ %
&
c c c c c c
Pc ,c +c ,c +c
'  c ;c ++c +c -,-c
P 
$c $c c ;c
•







,

c c c c c c
06  c c ;c c ;c c ;c
08   c -c c -c c -c c
0cP
c c ;c c ;c c ;c
0• c c ;c c ;c c ;c
P8c6  
c ;c c ;c c ;c
•







! 


c
c



+c c c ;c c ;c
#-c
c ,-,c ,c +c
$
-
c +c -,-c
•







- &
¬ 
c c c c c c
95c c c ;c $c $c
93  c c c ,-,c ,c +c
4c5c $c $c c ;c
4P
c3 c $c $c c # #c
6c5c #c c ,c +c
6c3 c c ,-,c $c $c
7
 c $c $c c ;c
•







  
 



*  

c

•
c$c•cP
  
c2cc c! c




* •
.&'



 ¬

c c
ccccccc)c0
& c c c
 c c
$c c
 c c
# $c c
## c c
#$c c
 c c
,$c c
,, c c
•
/


"
#
c c
' c c -#c
/ 
,c ,+c
•
/


$ %
&
c c
Pc c
'  c c
P 

•
/


, 
c c
2"
c5 c c #c
) c2"
c5 c c #c
2"
c• c'
c ,c ,+ c
')<=!>)P)c1 c c #c
2"
c c) 
,c ,+c
•
/


! 


c c
+c c

#-c
c
$

•
/


-
&
¬ 
c c
6c3  c c c
'  cc c c

cc c
•
/


c

 




 
 cc/ c1  c
c/ c6 
 
c
c

•
c#cc  c c  
 cc c  c
c c

 
 
c
c
.c c  c  c c

c cc c
cc c  c
cc

c
c 0  cc c c  cc c  c  cc(  c$$%c c
c
 ccc)
 c  c' c c c* c  
 c#$%c c cc)
 c  c
,$%c c  c c( c' c c c* c  
 c#$%cc  c
c c c,$%c c!c c  c c cc

c ? cc

  cc)
 c  c(  c
 c c  c  c c  c,$%ccc)
 c
#$%c c  c!c c

c c
@@@c  cc(  c$$%c cc  c

 cc)
 c+$%c c c,$%cc  c!c' c
 c  c  cc#$%cc   c
,$%c!c ccc (  cc  c c$%c  c c c c#$%c cc
c)
 c  c' c c c* c  
 c#$%c
 c c
 c,$%c  c cc)
 c
 c cc#$%c!c' c#$%c  c c  c c c,$%c!c cc
cc c
cc  cc)
 c  c' c c c* c  
 c$$%cc c
 cc' c
+$%c c c,$%cc!c
cc
c
 cc c c  c  c' c  c( 
 c c c* c  
 c+$%c c
c c c,$%c c
c!c)
 c " c
$%c c
c  c#$%c c
c
c
c

•
c# 
 cc/ c  c
c/ c

 
 
c
c ¬¬
¬ 
¬¬

¬••*0•


/c %c /c %c /c %c
 
• 
 '
c c c c c c
Pc ,c #$c ,c #$c c $$c
4c c ,$c ,c #$c $c $c
2 c ,c ,$c $c $c $c $c
' c $c $c c ,$c $c $c
••¬
!

!

!


" 
&
&
c c c c c c
)
  c5  c c $c c $c #c $c
3 c5  c ,c #$c c ,$c c ,$c
/ c5  c $c $c c ,$c $c $c
••¬
!

!

!


$ 




c c c c c c
=  c #c +$c ,c #$c c $$c
5  c $c $c c ,$c $c $c
4c  c c ,$c ,c #$c $c $c
••¬
!

!

!


, 
•' 
c c c c c c
6 c5 c ,c #$c ,c #$c $c $c
P  c5 c c ,$c ,c #$c c $c
5 c ,c #$c c ,$c ,c #$c
••¬
!

!

!


c

! &

1
c c c c c c
1 c c $$c #c +$c c $$c
1c $c $c $c $c $c $c
Pc $c $c c ,$c $c $c
••¬
!

!

!


- &


c c c c c c
/ c
c ,c #$c #c +$c #c +$c
4 c5
cc c $c c ,$c c ,$c
••¬
!

!

!




 


 &'

•
c cc  c c
 
 
cc cc
  cc cc
c  c c
,#; - c c c
 c
  c c
cc)
 c,- -  c  c(  c cc
- #  c!c  c
 c)
 c  c(  c c c  cc cc
 
cc c6 ccc5 c  c' cc c   c #&c c
c)
 c
 &c  c c  cc(  c c,#&/ c c  c " c
cc c
 cc' c
 c c  cc

c ccc
  c  c
c
•
c c6 
 
cc c
 c

¬¬
¬ 
¬¬



)  cc ,-  - c ,#; - c - #  c
0 • c 3c' c 2 c c' c 3c' c
6 2
c c •cP++%c •cP+$%c •cP++%c
 P
cc> c 1cc 1c Pc
9 •ccPc P cPc P cPc '  c
/ 9c2
c Pc Pc '  c
3 6 c 9c 
c> c  c  
c c  cc 9c 
c c
c cP c P c  ccP c
4  
cc c6 c  &c #&c ,#&c
2cc5 c c c c
! 2 c $; c ,-+ c  $c
A 9cc4 c ,,$c ; c , c
8 ' cP
cc / cc / :/c / c
!
c

*2 •
*  


•c6/7c2"
c  cc5 c6 c

c   c c c   c  c
c

 c 
c 
  c cc c
 cc
c  &c  cc c c
 c  c
cc c c  c
  cc) c c   c  cc c
  cc c c ccc c c  c
"
c c
cc c

 c c

 c 
c
  c cc
  .cc  c c
cc
c

c  c,c c c c
ccccc c c c
c

cc c#cc
c  c c c c  c  cc
cc9  c!  c!!11c!  c
0=6)/c
c ) c c c c
c  c
 c cc
 
 c ccc  c
c c c cc c"
c! c c   c
c c"
c c
 c cc c2
 c3 cc)
c23)c0=6)/c06)11c26)1c
   cc)
 c)c991c53=c5 c99)c  c(P•c
c

The CFVs Project Objectives / Purpose

x






 
The Project will establish model Conservation Farming
Villages (CFV¶s) or ³Barangay Sagip-Saka´ in Barangays Abella, Mao-non and Oma-oma of the
City of Ligao, Province of Albay.

Specifically, the project aims to:

1. Enhance farmers¶ adoption of SLM technologies through model S&T based farming in
the sloping lands thereby enhancing their productivity and farm efficiency as well as
conservation and protection of fragile upland resources;
2. Capacitate key groups and stakeholders in the community to better manage fragile
upland resources on a sustained basis;
3. Conduct sustainability exercises to ensure that upland community development in
general, and adoption of model farms, in particular, are on a sustainable basis and
incorporated into local planning and implementation processes; and
4. Establish linkages among research-extension agencies and organizations for capacity
building and provision of support systems for the conservation farming communities.

Related training attended

Roles of brgy.officilas in their committee handling
1 cc c0   c
 c1  cc c0   c c
c c c  c  c
c6/7c2"
c


+




 ! c c cc  c  c c c  c
  c +c ,#c
 ! c c cccc c +,c
 ! c cc

c c c 
  c
 c c ;c
 'c  c c cc c  c c c c c
 
c  c c
  c
 c cc  c c c
 / c cc& c&cB&cc
 c c  ,c
 c

c  cc 
c c c
••¬
$$


V. Status of CFVs Project

c

-major activities

)  
 cc c/ c1  c
c c!

cc
c  c c cc6/7c
2"
c! c
c •
c@@@@cc  c
c c6/7c " c$%c  cc)
 c  c
' c c c
ccc  c2$$$c c c,$%c c c
cc2$$$
2,$$$c  c2,$$2$$$cc c,c
  c  cc  c#$%cc
' c c c
ccc  c$$$c
c
•
@@@ 
 cc/ c1  c
cc!
c5c0c c6/7c

¬¬
¬ 
¬¬


• 
2
3•


/c %c /c %c /c %c
/ c c
c2c c c c c c c
C$$$c c $c ,c #$c c $c
$$$,$$$c c ,$c c ,$c c ,$c
,$$$$$c c ,$c c ,$c c ,$c
$$#$$$c $c $c c ,$c $c $c
••¬
!

!

!


c

) c cc)
 c#$%c c c

cc2$$$2,$$$c  c* c,$%c c c

cc2$$$2,$$2$$$c  c2$$$2#$$$c!c' c  c#$% c
c
cc2,$$2$$$c  c
 c,$%c2$$$2,$$$c  c2$$$#$$$c c
 c,$%c c c
cc2#$$$2 $$$c c!c(  c c c* c  
 c
,$%c c c
cc2$$$,$$$c2c$$#$$$c  c#$$$c
 c  c#$%c c c

cc2,$$2$$$c c
c
•c
cc c c  cc c 
: c c   c
c
•
@@@@ 
 cc/ c1  c
c' c!
c) c2 c

¬¬
¬ 
¬¬

¥
 •


c

/c %c /c %c /c %c
/ c c
c2c c c c c c c
C$$$c c ,$c $c $c $c $c
$$$,$$$c ,c #$c c ,$c c ,$c
,$$$$$c c ,$c ,c #$c ,c #$c
$$#$$$c c $c c ,$c c ,$c
#$$ $$$c $c $c c $c c ,$c
••¬
!

!

!


0 ' "c6c2   c  c c 

c5:D c0c6/7c  c) c2 c
c
•
c@@@c  c c " cc c
c   cc c c .c
c c
 c  c* c
  c
c c
 c  c  cc•c 
c
: c cc&c&c  cc
&c0c c6/7c2"
c c c cc
cc
)
 c " c$%c c# & c c c " c$%c cc  c
$& cc  c c c c* c  
 c#$%c cc  c $&c  c 
$& c* c " c$%c cc  c & cc
  c c c c* c
 
 cc c#$%c cc  c &  c#& &c!c
c#$%c
 c cc  c

&c  c$
&c c
 c " c$%c cc  c &c
 cc
 c " c
$%c c,$&c c  ccc
 c#$%c cc  c &c  c,, &cD cc


cc 
c
c •c  
 cc cc' c
c cc
c   c
c .c
c c
 c
#$%c cc  c &  c # &c c c c
 c#$%c cc  c &c  c
$&c c!c  c " c$%c cc  c &c c* c c
 c#$%c c
c  c &  c# &c ccc
  c " c$%c cc  c &cc
 c!c
c 
c " c$%c cc  c 
&cc cP c
 c
 c#$%c
 cc  c &  c,$&c!c  c " c$%c cc  c & c cc

 c$%c cc  c &c c  ccc " c$%cc c cc  c
 &c cc

c
!c(  c c cc
c c " c$%c cc  c &c c cc c
 c " c$%c cc  c $& cc  c
 c#$%cc c cc  c
 &  c# & ccc* c " c$%c c# & cc
  c
 c
#$%c cc  c &c  c# &cc c c  c " c$%c c$
&c c
c
c!c c
 c
 c#$%c cc  c &  c,, & c
 cc  c c
 c c* c  
 c#$%c cc  c &c  c,, &c c!c
 c " c
$%cc c cc  c &cc c  ccc
 c#$%c cc  c &  c
,, &c
c
•
c@@@@ 
 cc/ c1  c
c "c6c2   c  c2 
c
5:D c
c6/7c
c


¬ •
0•*
¬¬
¬ 
¬¬


2
24)*


3•
5 
'6
/c %c /c %c /c %c
c&c C &c c ,$c ,c #$c c $c
c &# &c c $c ,c #$c c ,$c
c #& &c c ,$c c ,$c c ,$c
••¬
!

!

!


7
c C $&c c $c ,c #$c c $c
&c &$&c c ,$c ,c #$c ,c #$c
c &-$&c c ,$c c ,$c $c $c
••¬
!

!

!


&c&c C &c ,c #$c c $c ,c #$c
c &# &c ,c #$c c ,$c ,c #$c
c #& &c c ,$c c ,$c c ,$c
••¬
!

!

!


.&c&c C &c c $c ,c #$c ,c #$c
c &# &c c ,$c c ,$c c $c
c #& &c c ,$c ,c #$c $c $c
••¬
!

!

!


%c&c C &c ,c #$c c $c ,c #$c
c &# &c c ,$c c ,$c ,c #$c
c #& &c ,c #$c c ,$c c ,$c
••¬
!

!

!


c
&c C 
&c ,c #$c c $c ,c #$c
c 
&$
&c ,c #$c ,c #$c c $c
c 
& 
&c c ,$c $c $c $c $c
••¬
!

!

!




c&c C &c c $c ,c #$c ,c #$c
c &,$&c c ,$c ,c #$c c ,$c
c ,&, &c c ,$c c ,$c ,c #$c
••¬
!

!

!




c&c C &c ,c #$c c $c ,c #$c

c &,$&c ,c #$c c ,$c c ,$c
c ,&, &c c ,$c c ,$c ,c #$c
••¬
!

!

!


&7c&c C &c c ,$c c $c c $c
c &,$&c c $c c ,$c ,c #$c
c ,&, &c c ,$c c ,$c $c $c
••¬
!

!

!




c&c C &c ,c #$c c $c ,c #$c

c &,$&c c ,$c c ,$c c ,$c
c ,&, &c ,c #$c c ,$c ,c #$c
••¬
!

!

!


c
c

) c c c cc

c
c cc)
 c c " c$%c c# & cc
c c c " c$%c c $& cc  c " c$%c c# & c
cc* c$%c c# &c c  cc
  cc  c c$%cc c c
# & cc
c 
c " c$%c c$
&c c  cc c
 c$%c c
, & c
 cc  c
 c#$%c cc  c, &  c,$& c cc

 c
 c#$%c c,$&  c,, &c  ccc
 c#$%c c$&  c
 &c cc

c
!c' c c c cc
c.c
c
 c#$%cc c c# &c  c#
&c c
 cc c c
 c#$%c c cc-$&cc  c " c$%c c
&  c#  &c cc* c " c$%c c cc# &c
  c c c$%c
 c cc# &cc
c 
c " c$%c c$
&c cc c
 c
$%c c,$&c c
 cc  c
 c#$%c c c cc &c  c
,$&c cc
 c
 c#$%c c c cc, &c  cc
 c#$%c
 cc  c ,$&c cc

c
c !c(  c c c cc
c c " c$%cc c c c c
c# &ccc c c
 c#$%c cc  c $&c  c $&c c!c
  c " c$%c c c cc# &cc* c
 c#$%c cc  c
 &c  c## & c!c
  c#$%cc c c c c cc# &c
 cc
c " c$%c c 
&c c
 cc c
 c
 c#$%cc c
 c c, &c  cc  c
 c#$%c c, &c c
 cc
 c " c
$%c cc  c &c  ccc
 c#$%cc c c c c ccc
c c, &c
c
•
c@@@@ 
 cc/ c1  c
c "c6c2   c  c2 
c
5:D c) c2 c

0•*
¬¬
¬ 
¬¬

¥
 •

24)*


5 
'6
/c %c /c %c /c %c
c&c C &c $c $c c ,$c ,c #$c
c &# &c c $c ,c #$c c $c
c #& &c ,c #$c ,c #$c c $c
••¬
!

!

!


7
c C $&c c ,$c c ,$c ,c #$c
&c &$&c c $c ,c #$c c ,$c
c &-$&c c ,$c ,c #$c ,c ,$c
••¬
!

!

!


&c&c C &c c ,$c ,c #$c c ,$c
c &# &c ,c #$c c ,$c c $c
c #& &c c ,$c ,c ,$c c ,$c
••¬
!

!

!


.&c&c C &c c ,;c c ,$c ,c #$c
c &# &c ,c #$c c $c c ,$c
c #& &c c ,$c c ,$c ,c #$c
••¬
!

!

!


c

%c&c C &c $c $c c ,$c c ,$c

c &# &c c $c c $c ,c #$c
c #& &c ,c #$c c ,$c c ,$c
••¬
!

!

!


c
&c C 
&c c ,$c c ,$c c ,$c
c 
&$
&c ,c #$c c $c c ,$c
c 
& 
&c ,c #$c c ,$c c $c
••¬
!

!

!




c&c C &c ,c #$c c ,$c c ,$c
c &,$&c c ,$c c $c ,c #$c
c ,&, &c ,c #$c c ,$c ,c #$c
••¬
!

!

!




c&c C &c c ,$c ,c #$c c ,$c

c &,$&c ,c #$c ,c #$c ,c #$c
c ,&, &c ,c #$c c ,$c ,c #$c
••¬
!

!

!


&7c&c C &c $c $c c ,$c c $c
c &,$&c ,c #$c ,c #$c ,c #$c
c ,&, &c c $c ,c #$c $c $c
••¬
!

!

!




c&c C &c ,c #$c ,c #$c c ,$c

c &,$&c ,c #$c ,c #$c ,c #$c
c ,&, &c c ,$c c ,$c ,c #$c
••¬
!

!

!


c
6  



'



2
8
&

&

c •c
  c
 c
 c  c c c6/7c"
c c

c
$$%c  cD9Pc0  cc c c  cc/3c  c

 c c c c cc c



cc6/7c2"
c cc c c
 c c
c   c%c cc c c

  c
 c  c6/7c c,-,%c
 c+%c  c  c
 c c  c
  c

 cc  c c  c c
 cc c c
c
•
c@@@2
 cc0c(
 c c c6/7c2"
cP

cc/ cc


+

Dc $$c $$c
9c $c $c
•



1 cc cP

cc6/7c2"
c


c c cc
  cc 
+

 6 c c  c c


  c
 c ,c +c
 = cc c c
  c c ,-,c

 c  c6/7c2"
c c c c
 )c c
 c c
c #c c
  c c c
c

 )
 cc c ,c +c
 c
•







 •



 9
 

• 







¬


&

c
•
c@@@cc  c c 
cc c c  cc cc
  cc
c$$%c  cD9Pc
)

 c c c c  c c

c 
c c

c c c 
c
   c c c c
c .c
 c c
 c%c
 c  cc  c
%c  c c c,$%c
c
•
c@@@@P 
cc c/ cc•cc
  cPc9c  c/
c)
c c
P

c


+

Dc  c  c
9c $c $c
•
!


c






&

+

 6 c c $c c
 4 c c c ,$c
 6  c  cc  cc ,c c
•
!




' "c)
 c
 
 c c
 cPc9c
¬%

c
 )c6ccccccccccccccccccccc  9  c7
cP c
 4 c7 c  = cP5'c•
c
 6 c/ c  6  c  cPcP c
 2c0 c
c c

c 
c  > c'   c
 c
 c
&c c  ! c/ c2  c




2* •
 


&


 2
c' c
c c/ c  c  c)
c• &c
•c
c
  c c c6/7c2"
c cc
  c
c
c c  c  c " c  c  c
 
c
  c%cc c c

cc c * c
cc c,$%c


cc c  c  cc
 c c c c c* c  
 cc%c
c
)
c• &c
c c/ c1  c
c •cc c c c c
c c c c c c
c Ec
c

 c c
c cc

 cc
 cc
, c/ c c 
 cc c
c  c
  c  c   c c  c
 c
 c/ c
 c c
c   c  c c
cc c c c
# 9 c  c c6/7c2"
c  c cc c  c c
 c c c
cc c c c 
c
 )
 cc c  c c
cc"
c
  c
  c c  c

c c&c
c c
 c
 
 c
-  c c  
c c c c
+ 1 c c 
cc  
 c  c
 c c
  c
 c

c
•
c@@@@' "c2
c' c
c c/ c1  cc c6/7c2"
c! c
 cP c' c





 

&


+

 6 
c6  cc  c c
c c c c
c c
 cc c c
c 
 c c c
 /c c  c  9 c  c c6/7c c c

  c
 c c 2"
cc  c cc c c

c c c
c  c  c c
 c c c
c6/7c2"
c c c c cc c c c
c c c 
c c c
 )

cc2"
c  )
 cc c c c

  c   c c
cc c c
c "
c
  c c c
 (


cc2 c  c  / c c 
 c ,c c
 c  c 
c
c c c
c  c c c
 
c
  c  c   c c c
c  c  c  cc c c
 ! * c
cc  / c
 c c c c ,$c
> cP
c
c   c  c c c c
c 
cc c cc c c
 '

cc   c c c c
c  c

c c&c c c
c
c c
 c c c
c
 
 c c c
 !
c
c c   c c  
c c c
c c c c c c c
 ! * c
  c  1 c c c c

 c c  
cc  
 c c c
 c"
c  c
 c c c c
c

  c  c c
  c  c c c
c c c
c
• cc c  c $$c

c
  
&
'


'




2** 


2
8

•c)  cc c/ c  c c0   c
 c6/7c2"
c
c •c c  cc & cc cc c c c  cc c
 c c
  c
 c c"
c•c c c  c  c c"
c c c
  c

c cc c c  c
  c
 c c
 c  c c
 cc c c  c
  c c c 
 c  
c c
c c67/cc
c 

c  
c c  c c c c
c(c c c  c c c
 c
  
c c  c  c  c c c c   c

c c
  cc
c
 cc c  c c  c c c c cc c  
 cc c
 cc c
  c•c cc c
  c6  c c c c
 cc c

? cc c  c  c  c c

cc c6/7c2"
c c•c
c c cc c c  c c c  cc c6/7c2"
c c c
 c
c c c c  cc cc
  cc5 c6 c
c
2*** 


2
8

c
0  cc c cc/3c c c
  c
 c
c@@@@cc  c c
 c
c/67c2"
cc c  c c c
  c
c .c c c  c c
  c c

 c cc6/7c• c
  c

 c  c cc ccccc c
  c

 c  cc 
c  c

c 
c
 cc ccc
c c c

   ccccccc c 

 c c

 cc c c c  c
 c
c"
cc c
  c
c
c
•
c@@@@c 
 cc c
  c
 c  c
c c0 cc6/7c2"
cc
c  c c c
  c

¬

  

 *•
•
• 
¬¬ (¬)

/c %c /c %c /c %c
 •c  cc c6/7c2"
c c  c c c c c c c
 c c
  c c
 c
 cc6/7c
  c
 c  c c
c c
 •c
  c
 c  cc 
c
 c

c 
c
 cc cc
c
c c c
   c
 ! c 
 c c

 cc c
c

 c c  c

 c c
"
cc c
  c
c
c
c


c
P c  c1
 cc c/ c  c
c •c c  c
 ccc6/7c2"
c
c
c cc c
c c c  c
 •c c  c  c  
:
c  c c c c
ccc  
  c

c c c
, 9
 c c c  c
  c
 c c  
 c
cc c
 c
  cc c
  c
 / c c  cc 
c c  cc 
 cc c c
# c c
 c c cc c c
 c
c
 
 c
 2  
 c  c
  cc c c"
c c c c  c
c

 
 c


c

c
c
c

c