MGG 1164 PHOTOGRAMMETRY

DIGITAL RECTIFICATION USING ER MAPPER

PREPARED BY

ABDULWASIU SALAWU MG101043

salahudeenabdul@yahoo.co.uk

LECTURER

ASS. PROF. ANUAR BIN HJ. AHMAD AHMAD

1st. APRIL, 2011.

Introduction

Whenever accurate area, direction and distance measurements are required,

raw image data from areal photographs must usually be processed to remove

geometric errors and rectify the image to a real world coordinate system.

Ground control point (GCP) is a point on the earth’s surface where both image
coordinates (measured in rows and columns) and map coordinates (measured
in degrees of latitude and longitude, meters, or feet) can be identified.
Rectification is the process of using GCPs to transform the geometry of an
image so that each pixel corresponds to a position in a real world coordinate
system (such as Latitude/Longitude or Easting/Northing). This process is
sometimes called “warping” or “rubber sheeting” because the image data are
stretched or compressed as needed to align with a real world map grid or
coordinate system.

After rectification, on-screen digitizing can be done for updating the required
data in the form of vector data. Subsequently, the product of the rectified
photograph and the vector data can be exported into GIS software such as
ArcGIS for the purpose of displaying the data, to develop database, making
query, analyzing the data etc.

PURPOSE OF THE EXERCISE:

This exercise will give an exposure and skill to the user on how to process
aerial photograph into rectified photograph using digital rectification method
(i.e. using ER Mapper software)
After producing rectified photograph, on-screen digitizing can be done for
updating the required data in the form of vector data. Subsequently, the
product of the rectified photograph and the vector data can be exported into
GIS software such as ArcGIS, MapInfo for the purpose of displaying the data,
to develop database, making query and other sort of analyses.

Image geocoding

• Registration is the process of geometrically aligning images to allow them

to be superimposed or overlaid.

• Rectification is the process of geometrically correcting raster images so

they correspond to real world map projections and coordinate systems (such
as Latitude/Longitude or Easting/Northings).

Firstly, it’s advisable to create five folders for storage of the given data
as following:

• Alg_data

• Dxf_data (This folder should contain: Vector data: (Filename: jlnutm.dxf)

• Ers_data

• Erv_data

• Raw_data (This folder should contain the aerial photographs utm66.jpg and
so on)

Data read/import

The first step in image processing is reading the data you want to use into ER
Mapper. There are two primary types of data you may want to read into ER
Mapper: raster and vector. Raster image data is the type used as input to
image processing operations. For this Photogrammetry excersise we will be
using aerial photographs.

ER Mapper can directly read image data in the following formats:

ER Mapper Raster Dataset (.ers) • ER Mapper compressed image (.ecw) •

ESRI BIL and GeoSPOT (.hdr) • Windows BMP (.bmp) • GeoTIFF/TIFF (.tif) •
JPEG (.jpg) • USGS Digital Ortho Quad (.doq) • RESTEC/NASDA CEOS
(.dat).

To import image data that is not in one of the formats listed above. We will
have to use ER Mapper’s import utility programs