KOREA GRE Fifth Edition Editor: Juntack Lim

KOREA GRE Fifth Edition Editor: Juntack Lim
A recant : belief :: abdicate : throne

abdicate : throne :: resign : office
abdicate ↔ constitute
abdicate ↔ assume
abacus n. 주판 abdicate ↔ usurp
abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh
abacus : calculate :: sextant : navigate aberrant adj. 비정상적인/이상한 : ATYPICAL
abacus : calculated :: balance : weighed : straying from the right or normal way
: deviating from the usual or natural type
abandon n. 방종 aberration : course :: digression : theme
: a complete surrender of inhibitions aberrant : standard :: digressive : topic
abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope(#) aberrant ↔ typical/normal
abandon : inhibition :: tranquility : agitation(#)
abandon : inhibition :: volubility: terseness(#) abet v. 부추기다/돕다
: to assist or support in the achievement of a purpose
abase v. (품위,지위)떨어뜨리다 : DEGRADE abet : assistance :: counsel : guidance
: to lower in rank, office, prestige, or esteem abet : encouragement :: elucidate : clarity
abase : stature :: lower : height abet ↔ thwart/impede
abase : prestige :: damp : ardor stymie ↔ abet
curtail : duration :: abase : strength frustrate ↔ abet
abase : status :: shorten : length abet ↔ obstruct
abase ↔ extol forestall ↔ abet
abash v. 당황하게 하다 : DISCONCERT abeyance n. [일시적]중지 : SUSPENSION

: to destroy the self-possession or self-confidence of : temporary inactivity
unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : abeyance ↔ continuance
announcement(#)
embolden ↔ abash/faze/cow abhor v. 혐오하다 : LOATHE
: to regard with extreme repugnance
abate v. [정도·기세·세기·수량]감소시키다 : MODERATE abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness
: to reduce in degree, amount or intensity abhor ↔ greatly admire
abate : tax :: alleviate : distress
abate : degree :: discount : price abiding adj. 영구적인 : ENDURING, CONTINUING
abate : force :: fade : loudness : lasting for a long time
abate : force :: decelerate : speed abiding ↔ evanescent
abate : force :: shrink : size abiding ↔ ephemeral
abate : force :: attenuate : thickness abiding ↔ transient
abate : intensity :: taper : width miscreant ↔ law-abiding individual
abate : intensity :: fade : loudness
abate : intensity :: abate : tax abject adj. 비참한/비굴한 : SERVILE, SPIRITLESS
thin : density/intensity :: abate : length : cast down in spirit
abate ↔ intensify/promote abject ↔ exultant
abate ↔ increase in intensity abject ↔ spirited
abate ↔ augment abject ↔ exciting
abbreviate v. 생략하다/단축하다 abjure v. 신앙, 주의를 저버리다

: to make briefer; especially : to reduce to a shorter : to renounce upon oath
form intended to stand for the whole : to reject solemnly
abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay abjure : reject :: ??
abbreviation : sentence :: abridgment : essay abjure ↔ embrace/espouse/affirm
abbreviation : sentence :: synopsis : narrative
abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article abnegate v. (권리,소신)을 포기하다 : SURRENDER,
abbreviation : word :: synopsis : article RELINQUISH
abbreviate : length :: attenuate : thickness : to give up (rights or a claim, for example)
abridge : word :: abbreviate : letter abnegate ↔ reaffirm
abbreviate ↔ extend
abolitionism n. 노예제도 폐지론
abdicate v. 퇴위하다 : principles or measures fostering abolition especially of
: to renounce a throne, high office, dignity, or function slavery
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anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir

abolition ↔ persistence in slavery hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve
absolve ↔ inculpate
abominate v. 몹시 싫어하다
: to detest thoroughly absorb v. 흡수하다
abominate ↔ esteem : to engage or engross wholly
absorb : sponge :: seal : caulk
aboveboard adj. 공명정대한
: in a straightforward manner abstain v. 절제하다
surreptitious ↔ barefaced/aboveboard : to refrain deliberately and often with an effort of self-
chicanery ↔ aboveboard action denial from an action or practice
mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain
abrasion n. 마찰/마모
: a wearing, grinding, or rubbing away by friction abstemious adj. 절제하는
abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration : marked by restraint especially in the consumption of
abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat food or alcohol
scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate
lubricate : abrasion :: seal : leakage abstemious : indulge :: intransigent : control
abrade ↔ augment reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge
abstinent ↔ indulging/intemperate/gluttonous
abridge v. 요약하다 : CONDENSE
: to shorten by omission of words without sacrifice of abstinence n. 금주
sense : abstention from alcoholic beverages
abbreviate : sentence :: abridge : essay abstinence : drunkenness :: celibacy : promiscuity
abbreviation : word :: abridgment : article
abridge : length :: attenuate：thickness abstract adj/v/n. 추상적인/요약하다/주의를 딴
abridge : length :: abase : prestige 곳으로 돌리다 : EPITOMIZE
abridge ↔ extend in length : having only intrinsic form with little or no attempt at
abridge ↔ amplify pictorial representation or narrative content
protract ↔ abridge : to draw away the attention of
abstract ↔ elaborate
abrogate v. (법령)을 폐지하다 : ANNUL abstraction ↔ attention
: to abolish by authoritative action
abrogate ↔ uphold abstruse adj. 난해한 : RECONDITE
abrogate ↔ embrace/institute : difficult to comprehend
abstruse：comprehension :: indiscernible：vision
abscission n. 절단 : REMOVAL abstruse ↔ accessible/patent
: the act or process of cutting off abstruse ↔ manifest
abscission ↔ process of grafting
abuse n/v. 비난(하다) : REVILE
abscond v. 몰래 도망가다 : to attack in words
: to depart secretly and hide oneself diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery
abscond : depart :: pilfer/sneak : take polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive
abscond : depart :: eavesdrop : listen declamation : grandiloquence :: diatribe : abuse
abscond : depart :: shadow : follow
abscond : depart :: secrete : store abut v. 인접하다
follow : shadow :: leave : abscond : to touch along a border or with a projecting part
abscond : depart :: lurk : wait contiguous : abut :: simultaneous : coincide
lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate
lurk : wait :: abscond : depart abysmal adj. 깊이를 알 수 없는/심오한/천길 나락의
abscond : leave :: steal : take : having immense or fathomless extension downward,
backward, or inward
absolute adj. 무제한의 : immeasurably great
: unqualified in extent or degree : immeasurably low or wretched
absolute ↔ qualified stygian : dark :: abysmal : low
absolve v. 사면하다/면제하다 accede v. 동의하다

: to set free from an obligation or the consequences of : to express approval or give consent
guilt accede ↔ oppose
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accede ↔ demur : to approach and speak to often in a challenging or

aggressive way
accelerate v. 가속하다/촉진시키다 accost : approach :: importune : quest(>)
: to move faster : gain speed
: to hasten the progress or development of accountability n. 책임
expedite : process :: accelerate : pace : an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or
accelerate : speed :: prolong : duration to account for one's actions
accelerate ↔ retard
accrete v. 서서히 늘리다 : ACCUMULATE
accentuate v. 돋보이게 하다 : to grow or become attached by accretion
accentuate ↔ underplay accrete : growth :: erode : destruction
accrete : grow :: inch : advance
accessible adj. 접근하기 쉬운/이해하기 쉬운 accrete ↔ wear away
: capable of being understood or appreciated
abstruse ↔ accessible/patent achromatic adj. 무색의
: possessing no hue ; being or involving black, gray, or
accessory n/adj. 부속물/부가적인 : ADJUNCT white : NEUTRAL
: a thing of secondary or subordinate importance achromatic : hue :: transitory : permanence
: present in a minor amount and not essential as a
constituent accumulate v. 모으다/축적하다 : AMASS
accessory ↔ of primarily importance : to gather or pile up especially little by little
accumulation ↔ dissipation
accidental adj. 우연한
: occurring unexpectedly or by chance accuse v. 비난하다 : BLAME
inventiveness : accidental :: effect : casual : to charge with a fault or offense
safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss
intentional : accidental :: arrogant : humble(#) acerbic adj. 신맛의/신랄한
effect : cause(원인)에 대한 결과, 효과. : acid in temper, mood, or tone
consequence : 원인과는 꼭 관련시키지는 않고, 그렇게 acerbic ↔ sweet
되어가는 그 자체, 또는 그렇게 되는 과정을 의식한 말. acerbity ↔ saccharine
result, outcome : effect가 「효과」적 뜻이 강함에 비하여,
단순히 「결과」 자체를 말함. acme n. 절정/정점 : APEX, CULMINATION, ZENITH
: the highest point or stage
acclimate v. 순응시키다 acme : surpass :: impossibility : execute
: to adapt to a new temperature, altitude, climate, acme : mountain :: crest : wave
environment, or situation vagary : predict :: acme : surpass
acclimate ↔ make unfamiliar with acme ↔ nadir
accolade n. 칭찬/영예 acquiesce v. 마지못해 따르다

: an expression of praise : to accept, comply, or submit tacitly or passively
accolade ↔ excoriating remark intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend
accolade ↔ swearword acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical(#)
accolade ↔ cutting remark acquiesce ↔ defy/resist/refute
accolade ↔ censure
accolade ↔ reproof /reprobation/excoriation/ acquisition n. 획득/취득물
disapprobation/criticism/denigration : the act of acquiring
deplore ↔ accolade/extol divestiture ↔ acquisition
accolade ↔ denunciation
accolade ↔ derogate acquit v. 무죄 방면하다
: to discharge completely
accommodate v. 편의를 도모하다/공급하다
: to provide with something desired, needed, or suited acrid adj. 신랄한/얼얼한 : IRRITATING
(as a helpful service, a loan, or lodgings) : sharp and harsh or unpleasantly pungent in taste or
accommodate : supply :: obliterate : remove(>) odor
acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile(#)
accomplice n. 공범자 grating/strident : sound :: acrid : odor
: one associated with another especially in wrongdoing acrid : odor :: piercing : sound
acrid ↔ gentle
accost v. 다가가 말 걸다 acrid ↔ savory
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acrimonious adj. 통렬한/신랄한 adjacent adj. 인접한

: caustic, biting, or rancorous especially in feeling, : having a common endpoint or border also
language, or manner immediately preceding or following
uninformative : knowledge :: acrimonious : goodwill
acrimonious ↔ harmonious adjourn v. 연기하다
: to suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or
acumen n. 통찰력 place
: quickness, accuracy, and keenness of judgment or convoke ↔ adjourn
insight
alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd adjudicator n. 법관
acumen ↔ obtuseness : one that act as judge
acute adj. 통찰력 있는/급성의 adjunct n. 부가물/부속물

fatuous ↔ acute : something joined or added to another thing but not
essentially a part of it
adamant adj. 완고한/단호한 : UNYIELDING adjunct ↔ essential element
: unshakable or immovable especially in opposition
adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control ad-lib n. 즉흥적인 것
impossible : execute :: adamant : move : something spoken, composed, or performed without
adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble preparation
adamant ↔ vacillatory ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent(=)
adamant ↔ moved
admission n. 입장/허가
adapt v. 적응시키다/개작하다 : the act or process of admitting
: to make fit (as for a specific or new use or situation) lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission
often by modification
adapt ↔ remain unchanged admonish v. 타이르다/경고하다
adaptable ↔ unchangeable : to express warning or disapproval to especially in a
gentle, earnest, or solicitous manner
addendum n. 부록 admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory(<)
: a supplement to a book peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation(<)
addendum : document :: postscript : letter pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove
alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory
addicted adj. 탐닉하는/중독된 apprise : information :: admonish : warning
: to devote or surrender (oneself) to something
habitually or obsessively adore v. 숭배하다/흠모하다
inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency : to regard with loving admiration and devotion
abhorrence : dislike :: adoration : fondness(>)
adept adj/n. 숙련된/능숙한 놈 : EXPERT adulate : fawn :: woo : adore(=)
: thoroughly proficient apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<)
: a highly skilled or well-trained individual fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness(>)
complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit terror : apprehension :: adoration : affection
adept ↔ bungling
adroit adj. 능숙한
ad-hoc adj. 임시 변통의 : having or showing skill, cleverness, or resourcefulness
: for the particular end or case at hand without in handling situations
consideration of wider application loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly(#)
adroitness : inept :: difficulty : simplicity(#)
adherent n. 신봉자 adroit ↔ ungainly
: a believer in or advocate especially of a particular idea ham-handed ↔ deft/adroit
or church
adherent ↔ dissenter {forerunner} adulate v. 엄청 아첨하다
: to flatter or admire excessively or slavishly
adhesive n. 접착제 adulate : fawn :: woo : adore
: a substance, such as paste or cement, that provides or aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration(>)
promotes adhesion. fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter(>)
adhesive : bind :: compass : orient adulate ↔ scorn/excoriate/disparage
etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive adulation ↔ obloquy/disdain/vituperation
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adulation ↔ somber affection testy ↔ affable
adulterate v. 불순물을 섞다 affected adj. 젠체하는 : PRETENDED

: to corrupt, debase, or make impure by the addition of : assumed artificially or falsely
a foreign or inferior substance or element stickler posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant
adult : child :: cat : kitten disaffected : contentment :: dubious :
adulterate : pure :: bolster/brace : weak commitment/conviction
demand : satisfied :: adulterate : pristine officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel
stickler : approximation :: purist : adulteration disaffected ↔ content/contented
embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure affected ↔ natural
dismantle : unity :: adulterate : pristine
adulterate : purity :: enervate : vigor affection n. 애정/감정 : FONDNESS
unalloyed ↔ adulterated : tender attachment
adulteration ↔ purification : feeling or emotion
apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<)
adumbrate v. 어렴풋이 표현하다 embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference
: to suggest or disclose partially embrace : affection :: frown : displeasure
revelation ↔ adumbration scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection
scowl : displeasure :: hurl : disgust
adversary n. 적 : ENEMY, FOE swagger : bravado :: caress : affection
: one that contends with, opposes, or resists obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection
supplicant : humility :: adversary : resistance mercurial : mood :: fickle : affection
adversary ↔ ally antipathy ↔ affection
adulation ↔ somber affection
advertence n. 주의
: the action or process of adverting affidavit n. 선서/진술서
advertence ↔ inattention : a sworn statement in writing made especially under
advertent ↔ inattentive oath or on affirmation
affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony
advertise v. 광고하다
: to announce publicly especially by a printed notice or a affiliation n. 단체에 가입
broadcast : to bring or receive into close connection as a member
advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal or branch
affiliation ↔ dissociation
advocate v. 주장하다
: to plead in favor of affinity n. 유사점이 있어 좋아함
exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass : likeness based on relationship or causal connection
affinity ↔ antipathy/aversion/hideousness
aerate v. 공기를 쐬다 affinity ↔ repugnance
: to supply (the blood) with oxygen by respiration repugnance ↔ affinity
aerate : oxygen :: hydrate : water
aerate ↔ remove air from affliction n. 심한 고통
: great suffering
aerial adj. 공기의
: of relating to, or occurring in the air or atmosphere affluent adj. 풍부한
aerial : air :: aquatic : water : having a generously sufficient and typically increasing
supply of material possessions
aesthetics n. 미학 affluent ↔ needy
: a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of impecunious ↔ wealthy/prosperous/affluent
beauty, art, and taste and with the creation and penury ↔ affluence
appreciation of beauty indigent ↔ affluent
aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge
gourmet : food :: aesthetic : art aghast adj. 혼비백산한 : SHOCKED
philistine ↔ aesthete : struck with terror, amazement, or horror
affable adj. [태도]상냥한 agenda n. [회의]의사 일정

: characterized by ease and friendliness : a list or program of things to be considered or done
affable ↔ irascible program : concert :: agenda : meeting
affability ↔ surliness repertoire : performance :: manifest : cargo
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repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid

curriculum : class :: menu : dish alacrity ↔ dilatoriness/hesitancy
curriculum : course :: agenda : meeting alacrity ↔ sluggishness
itinerary : travel :: agenda : meeting alacrity ↔ recalcitrance
minute : agenda :: log : itinerary
albino n. 백색종
aggrandize v. 확대하다/드높이다 : an organism exhibiting deficient pigmentation
: to make appear great or greater ; praise highly albino : pigment :: prairie : tree
: to enhance the power, wealth, position, or reputation
of alchemy n. 연금술/마력
aggrandize ↔ disparage : a power or process of transforming something common
aggrandize ↔ undermine into something special
effacing ↔ aggrandizing : a medieval chemical science and speculative
philosophy
aggravate v. 악화시키다 alchemy : chemistry :: false drug : treatment
: to make worse, more serious, or more severe ; astrology : astronomy :: alchemy : chemistry
intensify unpleasantly alchemy : science :: nostrum : remedy
succor ↔ aggravate
ameliorate ↔ aggravate alibi n. 변명
aggravate ↔ alleviate : an excuse usually intended to avert blame or
console ↔ aggravate grief punishment
allay ↔ increase the intensity of/aggravate/intensify alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory
alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive
aggregate v/n. 모으다/집합체
: to collect or gather into a mass or whole align v. 정렬시키다/일직선으로 하다/제휴시키다
: total considered with reference to its constituent parts; : to bring into line or alignment
a gross amount : to ally (oneself, for example) with one side of an
coalesce ↔ disaggregate argument or cause
disaggregate/disintegrate ↔ join together aligned ↔ awry
aggregate ↔ isolated units aligned ↔ not affiliated
aggregate ↔ disperse aligned ↔ askew/improperly adjusted
aligned ↔ badly adjusted
aggressive adj. 적극적인/공격적인 aligned ↔ warped
: inclined to behave in a hostile fashion
aggressive ↔ even-meaning allay v. 가라앉히다 : ALLEVIATE
: to subdue or reduce in intensity or severity
aggrieve v. 괴롭히다/고통을 주다 : DISTRESS allay ↔ increase the intensity of
: to give pain or trouble to allay ↔ excite/galvanize
aggrieve ↔ gratify allay ↔ arouse
aggrieve ↔ comfort allay ↔ exacerbate
agony n. 심한 고통/몸부림 : ANGUISH, TORTURE allegiance n. 충성

: intense pain of mind or body : devotion or loyalty to a person, group, or cause
agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern(>) authority : pundits :: allegiance : partisans
painful : agonizing :: important : paramount(<) renegade : allegiance :: apostate : faith
agrarian adj. 농업의 allegory n. 우화 : fiction

: of or relating to fields or lands or their tenure : the expression by means of symbolic fictional figures
agrarian : farming :: mercantile : trade and actions of truths or generalizations about human
existence
airtight adj. 공기가 빠져 나가지 못할/빈틈없는 allegory : fiction :: ??
: having no noticeable weakness, flaw, or loophole allergy : reaction :: lancet : instrument
airtight : loophole :: ??
foolproof : fail :: airtight : leak alleviate v. 완화하다 : RELIEVE, LESSEN
: to make (as suffering) more bearable
alacrity n. 어떤 일에 민활함/선뜻 나섬 abate : tax :: alleviate : distress
: promptness in response ; cheerful readiness alleviate : intensity :: abate : tax
husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate(#) alleviate : strength :: dampen : ardor
alacrity : prompt :: acumen : shrewd alleviate : power :: attenuate : force
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alleviate : intensity :: console : grief equivocal : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruent

alleviate ↔ intensify unequivocal : ambiguous :: spotless : blemish
alleviate ↔ exacerbate
ambivalent adj. 양면 가치의
alliterate v. 두운을 사용하다 : simultaneous and contradictory attitudes or feelings
: to arrange or place so as to make alliteration (as attraction and repulsion) toward an object, person,
alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface(#) or action
ambivalent ↔ committed
alloy v. 품질을 떨어뜨리다
: to debase by the addition of an inferior element amble v. 느릿느릿 걷다 : SAUNTER
alloy : purity :: thin : density : to go at or as if at an amble
walk : amble :: talk : chat
allowance n. [특정목적으로]할당량 walk : amble :: draw : doodle
: a share or portion allotted or granted amble ↔ step quickly
pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream
ambrosial adj. 아주 맛있는/향기로운
allude v. 넌지시 말하다 : REFER : extremely pleasing to taste or smell in food
: to make indirect reference mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food
intimate : communicate :: allude : refer mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste
allude ↔ mention explicitly
ameliorate v. 개선하다
aloft adv. 위에 높이 : to make better or more tolerable
: at or to a great height ameliorate : promotion :: exacerbate : depravation(=)
founder ↔ stay aloft ameliorate : improve :: admonish : caution
groundedly ↔ aloft ameliorate ↔ aggravate
ameliorate ↔ exacerbate
aloof adj. 쌀쌀 맞은/냉담한 damper ↔ ameliorator
: removed or distant either physically or emotionally
politic : offend :: aloof : associate amenity n. 쾌적함/상냥한 태도
aloof ↔ having affinity : something that conduces to comfort, convenience, or
gregarious ↔ aloof enjoyment
amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful
alphabetical adj. 알파벳순의 amenable ↔ inimical
: arranged in the order of the letters of the alphabet
dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological amenable adj. [충고,지시]잘 따르는
: readily brought to yield, submit, or cooperate
altruism n. 이타주의 amenable ↔ inimical
: unselfish regard for or devotion to the welfare of
others amiable adj. 상냥한
altruist : selflessness :: connoisseur : expertise : being friendly, sociable, and congenial
altruism ↔ egocentrism inimical ↔ friendly/amiable/amicable
vulture ↔ altruist
amicable adj. 우호적인 : PEACEABLE
amalgamate v. 혼합하다/합병하다 : characterized by friendly goodwill
: to unite in or as if in an amalgam; especially : to amicable : malign :: negligible : elevated(#)
merge into a single body inimical ↔ friendly/amiable/amicable
amalgamation : disintegrated :: ??
amalgamate ↔ separate/isolate/disintegrate/insulate amiss adj/adv. 잘못된/잘못하여 : IMPERFECTLY
amalgamation ↔ disintegration : in a faulty way
amass v. 축적하다 : ACCUMULATE amorphous adj. 무정형의 : SHAPELESS

: to collect into a mass : having no definite form
amorphous : shape :: errant : course
ambiguous adj. 분명치 않은/애매모호한 amorphousness : definition :: lassitude : energy
: doubtful or uncertain especially from obscurity or amorphous : shape :: equivocal : meaning
indistinctness
ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth amphibian n. 양서류
ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal
equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal
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amplify v. 확대하다 : INCREASE anecdote : amusement :: lecture : instruction

: to make larger or greater (as in amount, importance, anecdote : story :: skit : play
or intensity) skit : play :: anecdote : narrative
mute ↔ amplify
anemic adj. 무기력한
amplitude n. 충분함 : FULLNESS : lacking force, vitality, or spirit
amplitude ↔ meagerness anemic : hale :: ??
anemic ↔ hale
amulet n. 부적
amulet : evil :: helmet : injury anesthetic adj/n. 마취의/마취제
: lacking awareness or sensitivity
anachronistic adj. 시대착오적인 analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation
anachronistic : time :: discordant : sound aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs
pain : analgesic : sensation : anesthetic
anaerobic adj. 산소 없어도 살 수 있는. soporific : alert :: anesthetic : pain
: living, active, occurring, or existing in the absence of sensation ↔ anesthesia
free oxygen
anaerobic ↔ living in oxygen anhydrous adj. 무수의
anaerobic ↔ respiring : free from water and especially water of crystallization
anhydrous ↔ wet
analgesic adj/n. 무통의/진통제
: lacking sensibility to pain without loss of consciousness animation n. 활기참 : ALIVE
analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation lassitude ↔ vim/verve/animation
aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs
pain : analgesic :: sensation : anesthetic animus n. 적개심
pain : analgesic :: symptom : palliative : a usually prejudiced and often spiteful or malevolent ill
analgesia : pain :: simplification : complexity(#) will
tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden animus ↔ friendly
analogy n. 유사 : SIMILARITY annals n. 연대기 표

disparate ↔ analogous : historical records
dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological
analysis n. 분해
measure : dimension :: analyze : nature annotate v. 주석을 달다
synthesis ↔ analysis : to furnish (a literary work) with critical commentary or
explanatory notes; gloss
anarchist n. 무정부주의자 annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition
: one who rebels against any authority, established order,
or ruling power annoy v. 성가시게 하다/화를 내다
anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery : to disturb or irritate especially by repeated acts
anarchist : rebel :: apologist : defend testy : annoy :: tractable : control
apologist : defend :: anarchist : rebel annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl
anarchy ↔ order patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed(=)
testy : annoy :: hesitating : balk
anathema n. 저주 : CURSE, EXECRATION
: a vigorous denunciation annul v. 무효화하다/폐기하다
anathema ↔ panegyric/blessing annul ↔ make legal
annul ↔ reaffirm
ancestor n. 선조
heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator anodyne n. 진통제
scion ↔ ancestor
anomalous adj. 변칙의 : IRREGULAR, UNUSUAL
ancillary adj. 보조의 : inconsistent with or deviating from what is usual,
: of secondary importance normal, or expected
ancillary ↔ paramount anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless(#)
anomalous ↔ conformity to norms
anecdote n. 일화 anomalous ↔ typical
: a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or
biographical incident anonymous adj. 작자 미상의/익명의
8
: not named or identified

anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite anvil n. 모루
: a heavy usually steel-faced iron block on which metal
antagonize v. 적개심을 일으키다/반대하다 is shaped
: to act in opposition to hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar
: to incur or provoke the hostility of
cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize apathy n. 냉담/무관심 : IMPASSIVENESS
placate ↔ antagonize : lack of feeling or emotion
synergic ↔ antagonistic ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic(#)
propitiate ↔ antagonize
mollify ↔ antagonize apex n. 최고조
: the highest or culminating point
antediluvian adj. 태고적의
: Extremely old and antiquated aphorism n. 경구 : ADAGE
antediluvian : age :: colossal : size : a terse formulation of a truth or sentiment
brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature
antenna n. 촉각/더듬이 euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse
antennae : butterfly :: ?? pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature
anterior adj. 이전의/~보다 앞선 apiary n. 양봉장

: coming before in time or development apiary : bee :: cage : pet
anterior ↔ ensuing
aplomb n. 침착/자신감: POISE
anthology n. 명문 선집 : complete and confident composure or self-assurance
compendium : summary :: anthology : collection(=) trepidation ↔ aplomb
antibiotic n. 항생제 apocalyptic adj. 아주 결정적인/예언적인 : CLIMATIC,

antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding PROPHETIC
: ultimately decisive
antic adj. 익살스러운/괴이한 : forecasting the ultimate destiny of the world
: characterized by clownish extravagance or absurdity apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : illogical
facetious : speech :: antic : behavior apocalyptic : prophetic :: inconsequential : irrational
apocalyptic ↔ inconsequential
anticipatory adj. 예상한/선구적인
: to give advance thought, discussion, or treatment to apocrypha n. 출처가 의심스러운 글/짜가
retrospective ↔ anticipatory : writings or statements of dubious authenticity
apocryphal : authentic :: ??
antidote n. 해독제 apocryphal ↔ authentic
: a remedy to counteract the effects of poison
antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation apologize v. 사과하다/변호하다
antidote : poison :: tonic : lethargy : to make excuse for or regretful acknowledgment of a
remedy : disease :: antidote : poisoning fault or offense
antidote ↔ intoxication : to make a formal defense or justification in speech or
writing
antipathy n. 혐오/반감 : DISTASTE saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend
: settled aversion or dislike patron : support :: apologist : defend
antipathy ↔ affection apologize : regret :: gibe : derision
affinity ↔ antipathy apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed
antique adj. 고대의 : ANCIENT apologist n. 변호(옹호)하는 사람

: existing since or belonging to earlier times : one who speaks or writes in defense of someone or
something
antiseptic n. 방부[소독]제 saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend
: opposing sepsis, putrefaction, or decay apologist : defend :: anarchist : rebel
oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect disciple : follow :: apologist : defend
sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize heretic : unconformity :: apologist : defend
patron : support :: apologist : defend
antonym n. 반의어 apologist ↔ critic/detractor
: a word of opposite meaning
9
apophasis n. 부정 어법 foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative

: allusion to something by denying that it will be
mentioned, as in I will not bring up my opponent's appetite n. 식욕/욕망
questionable financial dealings. appetite : indulge :: ??
apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox voracity ↔ lack of appetite
apophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberate(#)
applause n. 박수 갈채/칭찬
apoplectic adj. 발작의/몹시 성난 mirth : laughter :: approval : applause
: of a kind to cause or apparently cause stroke ; greatly applaud ↔ disparage
agitated
: extremely angry applicant n. 지원자
apoplectic : angry :: emaciated : thin(>) remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal
apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature(#)
apoplectic ↔ calm appoint v. 임명하다
appoint : official :: cast : actor
apostasy n. 배교/변절 : DEFECTION
: renunciation of a religious faith apposite adj. 적절한/관계 있는 : APT
: abandonment of a previous loyalty apposite : relevant :: ??
apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy apposite ↔ extraneous
apostasy ↔ fidelity
appreciable adj. 평가할 만한/알아볼 수 있는
apostrophe n. 생략 부호 : capable of being perceived or measured
: a mark ' used to indicate the omission of letters or appreciable ↔ imperceptible
figures, the possessive case, or the plural of letters or ponderable ↔ inappreciable
figures
apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence apprehension n. 두려움/이해 : FOREBODING
parenthesis : explanation :: apostrophe : omission apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<)
ellipsis (―, …, ***) : omission apprehensive ↔ inaccessible
asterisk(*) : annotation
caret (^) : interpolation apprentice n. 초심자 : NOVICE
apothecary n. 약국 주인 approbation n. 칭찬/승인 : COMMENDATION, PRAISE

: one who prepares and sells drugs or compounds for praise : approbation :: demur : objection
medicinal purposes censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible
apothecary : medicine :: butcher : meat endorse : approbation :: ??
{librarian : book}는 답아님! execration ↔ approbation
appall v. 오싹하게 하다 apron n. 보호판/앞치마

: to overcome with consternation, shock, or dismay : a shield (as of concrete or gravel) to protect against
appall ↔ embolden/nerve erosion (as of a waterway) by water
encourage ↔ appall lamp : illuminate :: apron : protect
drop cloth : floor :: apron : clothing
apparel vt/n. 옷을 입히다/의복 : DRESS
gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak appropriate adj. 적합한 : FITTING
tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel meet ↔ inappropriate/unsuitable
apt ↔ extremely inappropriate
appeal v. 간청하다 measured ↔ inappropriate
remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal
appropriate v. (특정 목적에)사용(전용)하다
appealing adj. 매력적인 : PLEASING : to take or make use of without authority or right
noisome ↔ appealing lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate
lurk : wait :: abscond : depart
appease v. 달래다/진정시키다 : CALM smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate
roil ↔ clarify/appease appropriate ↔ surrender
vex ↔ pacify/appease/soothe appropriate ↔ demise
appease ↔ rile
approve v. 찬성하다/승인하다
appellation n. 명명 mirth : laughter :: approval : applause
: a name, title, or designation substantiate ↔ disapprove
10
range : mountain :: chain : link

approximate adj. 대략의 galaxy : planet :: archipelago : islands
paraphrase : verbatim :: approximation : precise(#) grove : trees :: archipelago : islands
stickler : approximation/imprecision :: purist : oasis : desert :: archipelago : ocean
adulteration range : mountain :: chain : link
{archipelago : islands}는 답아님!
apropos adj. 적절한 : PERTINENT
apropos ↔ irrelevant archipelago n. 군도
: a large group of islands
apt adj. 적절한/~할 듯한 : READY, LIKELY glade : wood :: oasis : desert
apt ↔ extremely inappropriate grove : trees :: archipelago : islands
apt ↔ unlikely galaxy : stars :: archipelago : islands
aptness ↔ unsuitability
architect n. 건축가
aquatic adj. 물의 : a person who designs and supervises the construction
aerial : air :: aquatic : water of buildings or other large structures
choreographer : movement :: architect : building
aqueduct n. 수로 {sculptor : statue}는 답아님!
: a conduit for water; one for carrying a large quantity
of flowing water archive n. 공문서 보관소
aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas : a place in which public records or historical documents
aqueduct : water :: vessel : blood are preserved
archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon
aquifer n. 대수층 archive : records :: museum : artifacts
: a water-bearing stratum of permeable rock, sand, or book : library :: file : archive
gravel {performance : theatre}는 답아님!
shaft : lode :: well : aquifer
archness n. 주요함/교활함
arachnid n. 거미류 archness ↔ straightness
spider : arachnid :: orange : fruit archness ↔ subordinate/obedience
arboreal adj. 나무의 arctic adj. 몹시 추운/북극의 : FRIGID

arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars torrid ↔ arctic
arbor：shelter :: hedgerow：fence
ardor n. 열정/열의 : INTENSITY
arboretum n. [연구용]수목원 assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor
: a place where trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants alleviate : strength :: dampen : ardor
are cultivated for scientific and educational purposes torpor ↔ ardor
arboretum : trees :: aviary : birds
arboretum : wilderness :: ?? arduous adj. 힘겨운/부단히 노력하는 : DIFFICULT,
finch : bird :: arboretum : tree STRENUOUS
: hard to accomplish or achieve
arcane adj. 불가사의한 : marked by great labor or effort
arcane ↔ well-known arduous ↔ facile
archaic adj. 고대의 : ANTIQUATED argot n. 은어

evanescent : permanency :: archaic : currency argot ↔ standard language/common verbalism
meteoric : constancy :: archaic : currency
archaic ↔ current arid adj. 건조한
marsh : sodden :: desert : arid
archaism n. 고어 arid ↔ damp
: an archaic word, phrase, idiom, or other expression
archaism ↔ modern diction armory n. 병기고
: a place where arms and military equipment are stored
archetype n. 원형/전형 : PROTOTYPE pantry : food :: armory : weapons
harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify(=)
arousal n. 각성/환기
archipelago n. 군도 stimulation：arousal :: pathogen：diseasing
: a group of islands
11
arrest v. (진행)을 저지하다 ascent n. 상승 : ACCLIVITY

: to make inactive
arrest ↔ vitalize ascetic adj/n. 금욕의/금욕주의자
ascetic : self-denial :: glutton : overindulgence
arresting adj. 이목을 끄는 : STRIKING, IMPRESSIVE ascetic : self-denial :: busybody : intrusiveness
blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting ascetic : self-denial :: bodybuilding : self-development
arresting ↔ banal sybarite/sumptuous ↔ ascetic
voluptuary ↔ ascetic
arrhythmic adj. 규칙적이 아닌 indulgent ↔ ascetic
arrhythmic ↔ regular hedonism ↔ ascetic
arrhythmic ↔ exhibiting regularity ascetic ↔ hedonist
arrogance n. 거만 aseptic adj. 무균의

: a feeling or an impression of superiority manifested in aseptic : disinfections :: anesthetic : numbs
an overbearing manner or presumptuous claims
mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance(#) aside n. 여담
confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory(<) : a straying from the theme
intentional : accidental : arrogant : humble(#) aside : digression :: overture : introduction
arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir aside : digression :: summary : excerpt
frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant(<) ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent
arroyo n. 작은 협곡 askew adj. 비스듬한 : AWRY

: a deep gully cut by an intermittent stream aligned ↔ askew
grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel {curve}는 답아님!
arsenal n. 병기고 aspect n. 외관/외형 :EXPOSURE

archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon : a position facing a particular direction
transfigure : aspect :: transfer : location
articulate v. 명확히 말하다 {transfix : attention}는 답아님!
: to give clear and effective utterance to
ratiocination : thinking :: articulation : talking asperity n. 퉁명스러움/모질게 함 : HARSHNESS
articulate : clearly :: shout : loudly : roughness of manner or of temper
asperity : optimistic :: ??
artifacts n. 예술품 asperity ↔ mildness of temper/amicability/mildness
archive : records :: museum : artifacts asperity ↔ soothingness
artifice n. 책략/기만 aspiration n. 야심

artifice ↔ candor audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration
audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility
artisan n. 장인 aspirant : quarry :: hunter : prey
: a skilled manual worker; a craftsperson
artisan : potter :: entertainer : comedian assert v. 단언하다/주장하다
calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#)
artless adj. 꾸밈없는/엉성한 assert : belabor :: tend : fuss(<)
blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless(#)
artlessness : guile :: dabbler : dedication assertive adj. 단정적인/독단적인 : AGGRESSIVE
artless ↔ cunning : disposed to or characterized by bold or confident
artlessness ↔ duplicity/guile assertion
sly ↔ artless obsequious：servile :: belligerent：assertive(<)
artless ↔ disingenuous bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful
artlessness ↔ urbanity unassertive ↔ brassy
affectation ↔ artlessness
artlessness ↔ sophistication assess v. 평가하다
: to determine the importance, size, or value
ascendant n. 우세 : DOMINATION assess : value :: plumb : depth
: a state or position of dominant power or importance
ascendant ↔ having no influence asset n. 자산
ascendant ↔ having no power asset ↔ liability
12
assiduous adj. 꾸준한/꼼꼼히 돌보는 : expressing affectionate interest through close

: marked by careful unremitting attention or persistent observation and gallant gestures
application attentive：officious :: refined：snobbish(+:−)
rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous
assiduous ↔ indolent fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful(>)
assiduous ↔ desultory
assiduous ↔ slipshod attenuate v. 약하게 하다 : WEAKEN
assiduous ↔ remiss attenuate : force :: decelerate : speed
attenuate : force :: alleviate : power
assuage v. 완화[진정]시키다/만족시키다 : APPEASE, attenuate : thickness :: cool : temperature
EASE attenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitality
: to lessen the intensity of (something that pains or attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength
distresses) collapse : volume :: attenuate : thickness
: to put an end to by satisfying debase : value :: attenuate : force
assuage : sorrow :: dampen : ardor attenuation : force :: retrenchment : money
assuage ↔ intensify/inflame attenuate : thickness :: weaken : potence
assuage ↔ exacerbate attenuate ↔ intensify
assuage ↔ vex
gall ↔ calm/assuage attorney n. 변호사/대리인
: a legal agent qualified to act for suitors and defendants
assume v. 떠맡다/젠체하다 : UNDERTAKE, FEIGN in legal proceedings
: to take to or upon oneself attorney : disbar :: student : expel
: to pretend to have or be attorney : defendant :: ??
abdicate ↔ assume
assume ↔ refuse/reject auction n. 경매
unassuming ↔ overbearing
usurp ↔ assume rightfully audacious adj. 대담한/뻔뻔스러운/조심성 없는 :
ADVENTUROUS
astringent adj/n. 수축시키는/수렴제 audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration
: tending to draw together or constrict tissues audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility
astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal audacious : cautious :: ??
audacious : caution :: inedible : food
astounding adj. 몹시 놀라는 circumspect ↔ audacious/reckless/direct encounter
: filling with bewilderment or wonder audacious ↔ timid
indelible : forget :: astounding : expect audacious ↔ circumspect
astound : wonder :: appall : horror {meticulous}는 답아님!
astute adj. 통찰력 있는/빈틈없는 audible adj. 들리는

: having or showing shrewdness and discernment, audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious/manifest(<)
especially with respect to one's own concerns
fatuous ↔ astute augment v. 증대하다
: to make (something already developed or well under
asunder adj. 뿔뿔이/산산이 떨어진 way) greater, as in size, extent, or quantity
asunder ↔ yoking augment ↔ retrench
augment ↔ abate
asymmetrical adj. 비대칭의
circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid augur n/v. 예언자/점치다
: one held to foretell events by omens
asylum n. 피난처 : SANCTUARY intercessor : mediate :: augur : predict
refugee : asylum :: ?? pundit : opinion :: augur : prediction
augur：predict :: pundit：opine
atone v. (죄 값으로)을 보상하다/속죄하다 : EXPIATE worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury
: to make amends, as for a sin or fault augury : appearance :: ??
guilt : expiation/atonement :: fatigue : repose maven : experience :: luminary : eminence
maven : experience :: augur : prediction
atrocious adj. 극악한 : BARBARIC
atrocious : bad :: momentous : important(>) auspicious adj. 길조의 : PROPITIOUS
auspicious ↔ boding ill
attentive adj. 친절한 auspicious ↔ ominous
13
auspicious ↔ unfavorable aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration

inauspicious ↔ favorable aversion : inclination :: ??
auspicious ↔ ill-omened affinity ↔ aversion
aversion ↔ court
austere adj. 간소한/엄격한 penchant ↔ aversion
abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate(#) propensity ↔ aversion
embellish : austere :: adulterate : pure(#) proclivity ↔ aversion
laconic : speech :: austere : design craving ↔ aversion
baroque ↔ austere averse ↔ inclined
lavish ↔ austere
aviary n. 새장
authenticity n. 확실성/진짜임 : REAL, ACTUAL arboretum : trees :: aviary : birds
: the quality or condition of being authentic, trustworthy,
or genuine avid adj. 열정적인/몹시 탐내는
authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical(#) : characterized by enthusiasm and vigorous pursuit
discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic : desirous to the point of greed
genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm(=)
melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity avid ↔ indifferent
authentic ↔ bogus
spuriousness ↔ authenticity avulsion n. 잡아 찢기
semblance ↔ authentic article : a tearing away of a body part accidentally or surgically
avulsion ↔ suture
authority n. 권위[자] avulse ↔ link
authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention
authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans awash adj. 물에 잠긴 : FLOODED
authority : superiority :: heretic : unconformity : filled, covered, or completely overrun as if by a flood
contumacious : authority :: awash ↔ dry
reactionary/hidebound/conservative :
change/innovation/novelty awe n. 경외
author : novel :: chef : banquet redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable :
recalcitrant/refractory : authority :: reactionary : scorn/contempt/disregard
change awe ↔ irreverence
impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization
{barbarian : property}는 답아님! awkward adj. 서투른/꼴사나운
craven : admirable :: deft : awkward(#)
autocracy n. 독재정권 dexterous : awkward ::??
: government by a single person having unlimited power lithe ↔ awkward
pundit : learning :: autocracy : power svelte ↔ paunchy and awkward
deft ↔ awkward
autonomy n. 자율
: the condition or quality of being autonomous ; awl n. 송곳
independence awl : pierce :: pestle : hash
autonomy ↔ dependence
awning n. 차일
avarice n. 탐욕 : GREEDINESS, CUPIDITY awning : sun :: umbrella : rain
: excessive or insatiable desire for wealth or gain
avarice : money :: gluttony : food awry adj. 비스듬한/뒤틀린 : ASKEW
stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy awry ↔ aligned
avarice ↔ generosity awry ↔ orderly/planned
contented avaricious
axiomatic adj. 자명한 : SELF-EVIDENT
aver v. 단언하다 : taken for granted
: to allege or assert in pleading axiomatic ↔ controversial
aver deny
gainsay ↔ aver
aversion n. 혐오
: a feeling of repugnance toward something with a
desire to avoid or turn from it
14
B balky adj. [나귀처럼]고집 센

: refusing or likely to refuse to proceed, act, or function
as directed or expected
babble v. 쓸데없는 잡담을 하다 balky ↔ tractable/acquiescent/eager
: to utter meaningless or unintelligible sounds
babble : sense :: parrot : originality ballad n. 발라드
babble ↔ express succinctly ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter
ballad : song :: lyric : poem
backdrop n. 배경 막
: a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stage ballet n. 발레단
placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet
backhanded adj. 우회적인/혹평하는 : DEVIOUS ballast n. 안정시키는 것

: not straightforward : something that gives stability (as in character or
backhanded ↔ forthright conduct)
truss : support :: ballast : stability
backset n. 곤두박질/역행 : SETBACK ballast : instability :: purchase : slippage
backset ↔ hike ballast : stability :: camouflage : indetection
ballast : stabilize :: disguise : camouflage
badge n. 휘장
: a device or token especially of membership in a ballet n. 발레
society or group instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet
chevron : badge :: caisson : cart
ballot n. 후보자 명부
badger v. 끈질기게 괴롭히다 : a list of candidates running for office
: to harass or annoy persistently ballot : candidates :: ??
badger : bother :: belabor : mention
badger ↔ mollify balm n. 위안을 주는 것/진정제
: a soothing restorative agency
badinage n. 가벼운 농담 : BANTER antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation
: playful repartee balm ↔ irritant
badinage ↔ serious conversation
balmy adj. 온화한
baffle v. [당황하게 하여]훼방/좌절시키다 inclement ↔ balmy
: to frustrate or check (a person) as by confusing or balmy ↔ piquant
perplexing; stymie
bamboozle v. 속여먹다 : DUPE, HOODWINK
bait v. 놀려 괴롭히다/유인하다 : ENTICE, LURE : to deceive by underhanded methods
: to persecute or exasperate with unjust, malicious, or
persistent attacks ban n. 금지
bait ↔ disarm
bait ↔ mollify banal adj. 진부한/평범한 : TRITE
: lacking originality, freshness, or novelty
balance n/v. 저울/무게를 정하다 equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal
: to determine the weight of (something) in or as if in a arresting ↔ banal
weighing device banal ↔ novel
abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh banality ↔ freshness
balance : weight :: verify：accuracy banality ↔ ingeniousness
banality ↔ original
baleful adj. 해로운/불길한 : OMINOUS trite ↔ unbanal
: deadly or pernicious in influence
: foreboding evil baneful adj. 치명적인 : SERIOUSLY HARMFUL
bale ↔ mirth/benefit : seriously harmful or destructive
salubrious ↔ baneful
balk v. 망설이다/방해하다 : BLOCK, DEMUR baneful ↔ salutary
: to stop short and refuse to proceed
: to check or stop by or as if by an obstacle banish v. 추방하다
balk ↔ move ahead willingly : to require by authority to leave a country
15
evict : residence :: banish : country bask ↔ abstain
banister n. 계단의 난간 bathetic adj. 진부한 : TRITENESS

staircase : banister :: garden : fence : characterized by bathos
offbeat ↔ bathetic
banquet n. 진수성찬 offbeat ↔ hackneyed
writer/author : novel :: chef : banquet
beacon n. 등대/봉화
banter n. [악의없는] 가벼운 농담 siren : sound :: beacon : light
: good-humored, playful conversation castle : turret :: sea : beacon
playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole siren : heard :: beacon : seen
barb n. 가시/신랄한 말 beatitude n. 최상의 행복

: a biting or pointedly critical remark or comment : supreme blessedness or happiness
barb : caustic :: pan : harsh beatitude ↔ misery
barbarous adj. 교양 없는/잔혹한/야만스러운 bedeck v. [옷에]장식하다 : DECK

: lacking culture or refinement : to clothe with finery
barbarous ↔ sophisticated/civilized bedeck ↔ strip
barbarize ↔ civilize
barbaric ↔ sophisticated bedlam n. 아수라장
: a place, scene, or state of uproar and confusion
barefaced adj. 공명정대한/뻔뻔스러운 : OPEN, tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive
UNCONCEALED tumult/bedlam/riot ↔ serenity
: lacking scruples
headlong : forethought :: barefaced : shame befuddle v. (감언)으로 현혹시키다
barefaced ↔ surreptitious : to muddle or stupefy with or as if with drink
befuddlement : understanding :: ??
bargain v. 흥정하다 : HAGGLE
: to negotiate over the terms of a purchase, agreement, belabor v. 논쟁을 오래도록 하다
or contract : to discuss repeatedly or at length
debate : issue :: bargain : price badger : bother :: belabor : mention
assert : belabor :: tend : fuss(<)
baroque adj. 지나치게 화려한/기이한
: characterized by grotesqueness, extravagance, beleaguer v. 괴롭히다 : TROUBLE, HARASS
complexity, or flamboyance in ornamentation beleaguer : vexation :: ??
: irregularly shaped beleaguer ↔ delight
baroque ↔ austere
belie v. 거짓임을 나타내다
barren adj. 불모의/황폐한 : to show to be false
barren ↔ prolific belie ↔ affirm
belie ↔ confirm
barter v/n. 물물교환(하다) belie ↔ show to be true
correspond : letters :: barter : commodities
jog : exercise :: barter : trade belittle v. 과소평가하다 : DISPARAGE
: to speak slightingly of
base adj. 천한/비열한
debase : value :: attenuate : force belletristic n. 순수 문학
base ↔ virtuous
base ↔ noble/patrician bellicose adj. 호전적인
sublime ↔ base : favoring or inclined to start quarrels or wars
imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable(#)
baseboard n. 굽도리 널 bellicose ↔ peaceful
: a molding covering the joint of a wall and the adjoining bellicose ↔ appeasing
floor bellicose ↔ incline to peace
veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall
belligerent adj. 호전적인/윽박지르는
bask v. 즐거움[쾌락]에서 뒹굴고 자빠지다 : INDULGE : inclined to or exhibiting assertiveness, hostility, or
: to take pleasure or derive enjoyment combativeness
16
obsequious：servile :: belligerent：assertive(<) betray v. 배반하다/폭로하다

belligerent ↔ peaceful
belligerent ↔ disposed of peace bibliophile n. 애서가
belligerent ↔ conciliatory : a lover of books especially for qualities of format;
also : a book collector
bellwether n. 지도자/장본인 : LEADER bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food
: one that takes the lead or initiative also ; an indicator {calligrapher : handwriting}는 답아님!
of trends
bellwether : leadership :: adviser : consultation bigot n. 편협한 사람
: a person obstinately or intolerantly devoted to his or
bemoan v. 슬퍼하다 her own opinions and prejudices
: to express deep grief or distress over bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy
: to regard with displeasure, disapproval, or regret bigot : tolerance :: liar : honesty
bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger(>)
bend v. 구부리다 bigoted : advice :: conservative : change
bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant(#) posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant
bend : rigid :: dissolve : insoluble(#) bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan
{servile : domination}는 답아님!
benediction n. 축복
: the invocation of a blessing bit n. 드릴용 날
curse ↔ benediction bit : drill :: blade : razor
beneficent adj. 자애로운/이득이 되는 blackout n. 보도 통제/등화 관제 : SUPPRESSION

: doing or producing good ; performing acts of kindness
and charity bland adj. 온화한/부드러운 : DULL, INSIPID
beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield(#) pungency ↔ blandness
philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor tangy ↔ bland
noxious ↔ beneficial
toxic ↔ beneficial blandishment n. 감언 : ALLUREMENT
: something that tends to coax or cajole
benign adj. 온화한 blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede
: showing gentleness and mildness blandishment : coax :: medal : honor
blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive
benignant adj. 다정다감한 blandishment : coax :: threat : intimidate
: kind and gracious blandishment ↔ threat
benignant ↔ vicious
blasé adj. 환락에 물린/싫증난
bent adj/n. 열중한/성향/소질 : apathetic to pleasure or excitement as a result of
: a strong inclination or interest excessive indulgence or enjoyment
: a special inclination or capacity miser : munificent :: zealot : blasé
bent ↔ ineptitude
{nonchalance}는 답아님! blaspheme v. 신성 모독하다 : REVILE, ABUSE
bequest n. 유산 : LEGACY blast n/v. 광풍

heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator : a violent gust of wind
blast : whiff :: gush : trickle(>)
berate v. 호되게 꾸짖다
: to scold or condemn vehemently and at length blatant adj. 떠들썩한/뻔뻔스러운 : BRAZEN
berate ↔ commend : noisy especially in a vulgar or offensive manner
berate ↔ laud : completely obvious, conspicuous, or obtrusive
berate ↔ praise especially in a crass or offensive manner
ambiguous : understand :: blatant : ignore
beseech v. 간청하다 : IMPLORE blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting(=)
supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious blatant ↔ inconspicuous/unimpressive/unobtrusive
blatant ↔ subtle
besmirch v. 더럽히다/손상시키다 : SULLY, SOIL blatant ↔ unobtrusive
: to make dirty ; to stain
besmirch ↔ honor blazon n/v. 과시(하다) : PROCLAIM
: ostentatious display
17
: to publish widely blurb : notice :: cameo : appearance

alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface
blazon : adorn :: pillar : support blurt v. 불쑥 말하다
blazon ↔ efface : to utter abruptly and impulsively
blurt : utter :: flit : move
bleach v. 표백하다 conceal ↔ blurt
: to remove the color from, as by means of chemical
agents or sunlight blush n/v. 홍조/얼굴을 붉히다
blush : embarrassment :: nod : agreement
bleeding n. 출혈 blush : embarrassment :: bow : respect
lint : bleeding :: ?? blush : embarrassment :: shrug : indifference
tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion yawn : sleepiness :: blush : embarrassment
{moratorium : activity}는 답아님! blush : embarrass :: nod : approve
antibiotic : infection :: coagulant : bleeding
hemorrhage : bleeding :: vertigo : dizziness(=) bluster v. 허세 부리다/공갈치다
: to talk or act with noisy swaggering threats
blemish n. 흠/결점 blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk
: an imperfection that mars or impairs; a flaw or defect pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive
blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless /drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimless
anomaly : paradigmatic :: blemish : flawless
pristine : blemish :: ?? boast v. 자랑하다
boast : pride :: complain : discontent
blender v. 혼합하다
boding n. 흉조 : PORTENT ,FOREBODING
blight n/v. 황폐/시들게 하다 : an omen, prediction, or presentiment especially of
: a disease or injury of plants resulting in withering, coming evil
cessation of growth, and death of parts without rotting auspicious ↔ boding ill
blighted ↔ hale/sound
boggle v. 움찔하다/주저하다
blimp n. 울트라 캡숑 보수적인 놈 : to hesitate because of doubt, fear, or scruples
: a pompous, reactionary, ultranationalistic person boggle ↔ embolden
blimp ↔ man of progressive ideas march ↔ boggle
bliss n. 다시없는 기쁨/행복 boisterous adj. 떠들썩한 : ROWDY, VOCIFEROUS

dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss(<) : marked by or expressive of exuberance and high spirits
boisterous ↔ quiet
blithe adj. 경솔한/사려 분별없는
: lacking due thought or consideration bolster n/v. 받침대/강화하다
blithe ↔ sound : to support with or as if with a bolster
blithe ↔ grave bolster : support :: tackle : hoist
adulterant : pure :: bolster : weak
blunder n. 큰 실수
: a gross error or mistake resulting usually from bombast n. 호언장담/허풍
stupidity, ignorance, or carelessness : grandiloquent, pompous speech or writing
protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast
pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole
blunt adj/v. 무딘/무디게 하다 pompous : bombast :: tirade : critical
slacken : tension :: blunt : sharpness bombast ↔ down to earth language
blunt ↔ whet
bonhomie n. 싹싹함 : GENIALITY
blur v. 희미하게하다/더럽히다 : good-natured easy friendliness
: to obscure or blemish by smearing congenial : bonhomie :: ??
: to make dim, indistinct, or vague in outline or bonhomie : good natured :: ??
character
blur : definition :: subjugate : independence bonus n. 보너스
bonus : employee :: decoration : soldier
blurb n. 짧은 광고
: a short publicity notice (as on a book jacket) boo n. 야유
blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation : a shout of disapproval or contempt
18
snare ↔ boo : one given to loud, empty boasting
bookworm n. 독서광 braided adj. (머리를)땋은

: one who spends much time reading or studying : made by intertwining three or more strands
bookworm : read :: gourmet : eat grooved : striating :: braided : stranded(=)
boon n. 은혜/혜택 : BENEFIT, FAVOR brake n. 브레이크

: a timely benefit divert : shunt :: retard : brake
boon ↔ misfortune brake : decelerate :: clamp : compress
boor n. 촌뜨기 brash adj. 경솔한

: a rude or insensitive person : heedless of the consequences
insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion
sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton candor : subterfuge :: brash : deliberate
insensible : boor :: stingy : miser
brassy adj. 뻔뻔스러운
bootless adj. 무익한 : USELESS, UNPROFITABLE : being shamelessly bold
: without advantage or benefit diffident/unassertive ↔ brassy
bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence(=) furtive ↔ open/forthright/brassy
interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile(=) brassy ↔ humble/unassertive/reserved
bootless：futility :: empty : void
brattish adj. 버릇없는 애 같은
bore v. 뚫다/지루하게 하다 : an ill-mannered annoying child
die : shaping :: drill : boring tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous
food : hunger :: stimulation : boredom
entrance ↔ disappoint/disgust/repel/repulse/bore bravado n. 허세
: blustering swaggering conduct
bottleneck n. 병목 courageous : bravado :: complimentary :
: a narrow or obstructed section, as of a highway or a fulsomeness(<)
pipeline swagger : bravado :: caress : affection
bough n. 나뭇가지 bravura adj. 화려한

: marked by an ostentatious display of skill
bound n. 구역/제한 bravura : performance :: resplendent : appearance
boundless ↔ limited
boundary ↔ unrestrained brazen adj. 뻔뻔스러운 : IMPUDENCE
: marked by contemptuous boldness
bouquet n. 꽃다발 : NOSEGAY brazen : impudent :: deadpan : impassive(=)
: flowers picked and fastened together in a bunch impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness(=)
: small cluster or arrangement of flowers impudent : brazenness :: deadpan : impassivity
risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness
box v. 주먹다짐하다 brazen ↔ modest
box : fight :: debate : argue brazen ↔ self effacing
diffidence ↔ brazenness
bracing adj. 기운을 돋우는 brazen ↔ diffident
: giving strength, vigor, or freshness
bracing ↔ vapid breach n/v. 불화/틈을 만들다
denouncing ↔ bracing : a break in accustomed friendly relations
: a temporary gap in continuity
bracket n. (처마,선반 등의)받침대 : to make a breach in
buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf breach ↔ solder
brackish adj. 불쾌한 : REPULSIVE breezeway n. 지붕 있는 통로

: not appealing to the taste breezeway : building :: stairway : floor
brackish : repulsive :: ??
brevity n. 간결
braggadocio n. 허풍쟁이 brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature
exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram
braggart n. 허풍쟁이
19
bribe v. 뇌물로 매수하다

: to induce or influence by or as if by bribery bulge n. 돌출부
bribe : incorruptible :: affect : insensible : a protuberant or swollen part or place
bribe : incorruptible :: rouse : insensible bulge ↔ depressed region
bridle n/v. 굴레/억누르다 bully n. 깡패

: to restrain, check, or control with or as if with a bridle : one habitually cruel to others who are weaker
bridled ↔ without restraint instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat
bully : intimidation :: dupe/stupid : gullibility
brisk adj. 활발한 : LIVELY bully : scare :: ??
ponderous ↔ lively/vibrant/brisk sabotage : subvertness :: bull : intimidation
underdog ↔ bully
bristle n/v. (털 세울 정도로)노기를 띄다
: to raise the bristles (as in anger) bumper n. 충격 완화 장치
bristle : anger :: vacillate : irresolution : a device for absorbing shock or preventing damage
bristle ↔ cower protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage
brittle adj. 부서지기 쉬운 bumptious adj. 오만한/거만한 : OBTRUSIVE

: easily broken, cracked, or snapped : presumptuously, obtusely, and often noisily self-
manifest : perceive :: brittle : break assertive
dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness
broach v. 처음으로 입밖에 내다 dour : tractable :: bumptious : humble
: to open for the first time impetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious :
broach ↔ close off humbleness
bumptious : disrespect :: ??
bromide n. 진부한 이야기 bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful
equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyed bumptious ↔ humble
bromide ↔ unhackneyed speech
bungle v. 어설픈 짓을 하다
browbeat v. 위협하다 : to act or work clumsily and awkwardly
: to intimidate or subjugate by an overbearing manner bungle ↔ bring off
or domineering speech
instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat buoy v. 띄우다/지탱하다 : SUPPORT, UPLIFT
: to maintain at a high level
bruit v. 소문을 퍼뜨리다 : REPORT : to raise the spirits of
: to noise abroad buoyed ↔ unsupported
bruit ↔ keep secret
buoyant adj. 명랑한/부력이 있는 : CHEERFUL, GAY
buck v. 강력히 반대하다 : BALK : capable of floating
: to refuse assent bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant
buck ↔ assent to /dissolve : insoluble
buoyant : float :: heavy : drop
bucolic adj. 전원적인/소박한 hangdog ↔ buoyant
palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city buoyant ↔ sinking
bucolic ↔ urban aggrieved ↔ buoyant
bucolic ↔ sophisticated buoyant ↔ leaden
budge v. 의견을 바꾸다 : YIELD burgeon v. 싹트다/성장하다 : FLOURISH

: to give way : to grow and expand rapidly
palter : candor :: budge : diehard burgeon ↔ wither
vagary : predict :: diehard : budge burgeon ↔ subdue
burgeoning ↔ waning
buffer v. (충격을) 막다 burgeon ↔ waste away
buffer : impact :: extenuate : circumstance
burial n. 매장 : INTER
buffoon n. 익살꾼 : CLOWN : the act or process of burying
: a ludicrous figure inter : burial :: obliterate : removal
ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine
ludicrous : buffoon :: humorous : wag burlesque n. 풍자극
20
: mockery usually by caricature

diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery
doggerel : verse :: burlesque : play
burnish v/n. 광을 내다/광택

: to make shiny or lustrous especially by rubbing
numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous
burnish : dull :: mar : flawless
burrow n. (토끼,여우)굴
ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern(<)
busybody n. 엄청 참견하는 놈
: an officious or inquisitive person
ascetic : self-denial :: busybody : intrusive
butt v. 머리로 들이받다

: to thrust or push head foremost
: strike with the head or horns
butt : head :: nudge : elbow
buttress n/v. 버팀대/ 지지하다

: a projecting structure of masonry or wood for
supporting or giving stability to a wall or building
: to furnish or shore up with a buttress
strut : wing :: buttress : wall
buttress : wall :: bracket : shelf
buttress : edifice :: splint : limb
aegis : protection :: buttress : support
buttress : edifice :: splint : fracture
contravene ↔ buttress
bygone n. 과거지사 : PAST, OUTMODED
byline n. 필자명을 적는 줄
: a line at the beginning of a news story, magazine
article, or book giving the writer's name
article : byline :: movie : credits
21
C calligrapher n. 서예가
: one who writes a beautiful
bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food
{calligrapher : handwriting}는 답아님!
cabal n. 비밀 결사 단체
: the artifices and intrigues of a group of persons callous v/n/adj. 무감각하게 하다/못/냉담한
secretly united to bring about an overturn or usurpation : being hardened and thickened
especially in public affairs : feeling no emotion
cabal : association :: plot : plan : feeling no sympathy for others
callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity
cache n. 은닉처 gully : erosion :: callous : friction
: a place for concealment and safekeeping, as of callous ↔ sympathetic
valuables callous ↔ compassionate
cache : hidden :: summit : inaccessible
callow adj. 풋내기의 : IMMATURE/GREENHORN
cacophony n. 불협화음 : DISSONANCE : lacking adult sophistication
: harsh or discordant sound frank : secretiveness :: callow : maturity(#)
cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent callow : mature :: greenhorn : experienced(#)
cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill callow : mature :: capricious : deliberate(#)
cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl ?? :: expertise : green
malodorous : smell :: cacophony/jarring : sound experience : green :: pelf : impecunious
fetid : smell :: cacophonous : sound apoplectic : calm :: callow : mature
cacophonous ↔ dulcet/euphonious callow ↔ behaving with adult/sophisticated
callow ↔ mature
cadet n. 신참/막내
: one in training for a military or naval commission calorie n. 칼로리
cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog power : watt :: heat : calorie
/decibel : sound /volt : electricity
cadge v. 억지로 얻어내다 : BEG, SPONGE
: to beg or obtain by begging ; to sponge calumniate v. 비방하다/중상하다
cadge ↔ earn : to utter maliciously false statements, charges, or
imputations about
caisson n. 탄약차 corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood
chevron : badge :: caisson : cart calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#)
calumny : representation :: perjury : testimony
cajole v. (감언이설)부추겨 ~하게하다 : COAX calumniate ↔ vindicate
: to persuade with flattery or gentle urging especially in calumnious ↔ flattering
the face of reluctance calumny ↔ approbation/eulogy
blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede
wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion camaraderie n. 우정
cajole : reluctant :: ?? : a spirit of friendly good-fellowship
camaraderie/comity ↔ enmity
calamitous adj. 재앙을 가져오는
: being, causing, or accompanied by calamity cameo n. 까메오 조각/까메오 출현
: a small piece of sculpture on a stone or shell
calcify v. 경화 시키다 : a small theatrical role usually performed by a well-
: to make inflexible or unchangeable known actor and often limited to a single scene
calcification ↔ flexibility peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture(<)
calcify ↔ be malleable blurb : notice :: cameo : appearance
calibrate v. 구경을 재다/표준에 따라 조사하다 camouflage n. 변장/속임수

: to ascertain the caliber of : behavior or artifice designed to deceive or hide
: to standardize (as a measuring instrument) by : fabric or a garment dyed in splotches of green, brown,
determining the deviation from a standard so as to tan, and black so as to make the wearer
ascertain the proper correction factors indistinguishable from the surrounding environment
measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter code : meaning :: camouflage : location
/gauge : pressure /plumb : depth mask : face :: camouflage : location
calibrated ↔ unstandardized disguise : identification :: camouflage : detection
malinger : duty :: camouflage : detection
22
mimicry : camouflage :: variation : mutation caprice n. 변덕

ballast : stabilization :: camouflage : indetection : a sudden usually unpredictable condition, change, or
camouflage ↔ exposure series of changes
caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive
candidate n. 후보자 /discontent : unsatisfied
: one that aspires to or is nominated or qualified for an caprice : whimsical :: insight : discerning
office, membership, or award apophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberation
roster : personnel :: slate : candidate caprice : predict :: ??
ballot : candidates :: ?? capricious : change :: ??
capricious ↔ steadfast
candor n. 공평 무사/솔직 : FORTHRIGHTNESS caprice ↔ confirmation
: freedom from prejudice or malice
: unreserved, honest, or sincere expression captivate v. 마음을 사로잡다
palter : candor :: budge : diehard : to influence and dominate by some special charm, art,
candor : subterfuge :: brashness : deliberation(#) or trait and with an irresistible appeal
palter : candor :: betray : loyalty captivate ↔ repulse
artifice ↔ candor
carefree adj. 근심없는/속편한
cane n. 지팡이 : free of worries and responsibilities
cane : walk :: glasses : see carefree : responsibility :: hidebound : flexibility
canon n. 규범/진짜 작품으로 인정되는 것 caretaker n. 임시 대리인/관리인

: an accepted principle or rule
: the authentic works of a writer careworn adj. 근심 걱정에 초췌한
religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy : showing the effect of grief or anxiety
canonical : conforming :: qualified : limited(=) careworn ↔ lighthearted
canon ↔ apocrypha
canonical ↔ nontraditional caricature n. 풍자 만화
: exaggeration by means of often ludicrous distortion of
canopy n. 차양 parts or characteristics
canopy : cover :: tag : identify brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature
exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram
cantankerous adj. 성미 급한/다루기 어려운 pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature
: difficult or irritating to deal with illustrator : caricaturist :: essayist : satirist
caricature : presentation :: ??
canvas n. 유화
: a piece of cloth backed or framed as a surface for a carnal adj. 속세의/육체적인
painting : relating to or given to crude bodily pleasures and
canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor appetites
: marked by sexuality
canvass v. (투표)를 부탁하다 : SOLICIT carnal ↔ spiritual
: to seek orders or votes
exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass carouse v. 떠들썩하게 마시다
: to drink liquor deeply or freely
canyon n. 깊은 협곡 roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw
: a deep narrow valley with steep sides and often with a
stream flowing through it carp v. 트집잡다
ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern(<) : to find fault or complain querulously
caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious
capacious adj. 널찍한/도량이 큰 : SPACIOUS complain : carp :: drink : guzzle(<)
: containing or capable of containing a great deal
cartographer n. 지도 제작자
capitulate v. (조건부)항복하다 : ACQUIESCE : one that makes maps
: to surrender often after negotiation of terms cartographer : map :: tailor : clothing
acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical cartographer : map :: weaver : cloth
capitulate ↔ resist cartographer : map :: lexicographer : dictionary
capitulation ↔ resistance
capitulate ↔ oppose cast n/v. 배역(하다)
: the set of actors in a dramatic production; to assign a
23
certain role to (an actor) {cavalier : arrogant}는 답아님!

appoint : official :: cast : actor
letter : signature :: playbill : cast caveat n. 경고/주의
: a warning enjoining one from certain acts or practices
castigation n. 혹평 overture : introductory :: caveat : warning
: to subject to severe punishment, reproof, or criticism overture：introductory :: caveat : cautionary
castigation : disapproval :: crime : misbehavior preamble : introductory :: caveat : precautious
castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike(>)
peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation cavern n. 큰 동굴
castigation : reproof :: soaking : damp : large cave
castigation ↔ approbation ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern
castigate ↔ flatter cavern : spelunker :: ocean : diver
grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel
castle n. 성
castle : turret :: sea : beacon cavil v. 트집잡다
: to raise trivial and frivolous objection
catalyze v. 촉진시키다 : BRING ABOUT, INSPIRE cavil : criticize :: probe : investigate(=)
: to bring about; initiate caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious
enzyme : catalyst :: bacterium : microbe encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil
catalytic : initiate :: synthetic : create nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object
catalyze ↔ retard nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil
catalyst ↔ prevention faultfinding : criticize :: quibble : cavil
catastrophe n. 대재앙 cavort v. [신나서]뛰어 다니다 : PRANCE

: a momentous tragic event ranging from extreme : to walk or move in a spirited manner
misfortune to utter overthrow or ruin dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly
catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment(>) cavort ↔ trudge
oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic
cede v. 양도하다
categorical adj. 무조건의 : ABSOLUTE, : to yield or grant typically by treaty
UNQUALIFIED cede : possession :: ??
: being without exception or qualification cede ↔ possess
acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical
categorical ↔ qualified/conditional celebrity n. 유명 인사 : RENOWN
: famous person
cater v. 요구에 맞춰 주다 celebration : decry :: slight : show respect(#)
: to supply what is required or desired celebrity ↔ obscurity
catholic adj. 보편적인/비편파적인 : UNIVERSAL cell n. 세포

: broad in sympathies, tastes, or interests cell : membrane :: seed : hull
catholic ↔ narrow
cement v. 결합하다
caustic adj. 신랄한/부식의 : to unite or make firm by or as if by cement
: a substance that burns or destroys organic tissue by cement ↔ fracture
chemical action
barb : caustic :: pan : harsh censor v/n. 검열관/검열하다
caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry : to examine in order to suppress or delete anything
caustic：burn :: solvent：dissolve considered objectionable
caustic ↔ palliating/genial censorship : communication :: preservative : decay
caustic ↔ smooth censorship : information :: sanitation : disease
vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate
cavalier adj/n. 신중함 없이 호탕한/거만한/기사도를 salesman : buy :: censor : expunge
가진 놈 : DEBONAIR
: marked by or given to offhand and often disdainful censorious adj. 몹시 비판적인
dismissal of important matters : marked by or given to censure
: a gallant or chivalrous man, especially one serving as pliable : influence :: censorious : condemn
escort to a woman of high social position; a gentleman censorious : critical :: ??
cavalierly : deliberation :: ?? censorious : censor :: recalcitrant : resist
rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy censorious ↔ eulogistic
24
channel ↔ evade
censure n/v. 비난/혹평(하다) channel ↔ disperse
: to find fault with and criticize as blameworthy
lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure chaotic adj. 혼돈의
remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure chaotic ↔ strictly structured
censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible chaotic ↔ strictly featured
exonerate ↔ censure
extol ↔ censure chaplain n. 성직자/담당원
: a clergyman officially attached to a branch of the
census n. 인구 조사 military, to an institution, or to a family or court
: a usually complete enumeration of a population chaplain : religious :: ??
census : population :: inventory : stock
charade n. 몸짓으로 말을 표현하는 게임/가장
centrifuge n. 원심 분리기 : a game in which some of the players try to guess a
: a machine using centrifugal force for separating word or phrase from the actions of another player who
substances of different densities, for removing moisture, may not speak
or for simulating gravitational effects : an empty or deceptive act or pretense
centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain charade : word :: mime : story
charade : dissimulate :: void : empty
ceramic n. 도자기
shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake charlatan n. 돌팔이/사기꾼 : FRAUD/FAKER
: one making usually showy pretenses to knowledge or
ceremony n. 의식 ability
: a formal act or series of acts prescribed by ritual, mentor : guide :: charlatan : deceive
protocol, or convention
affidavit : statement :: wedding : ceremony chary adj. 낯을 가리는/신중한
: hesitant and vigilant about dangers and risks
certitude n. 확신 : slow to grant, accept, or expend
: the state of being or feeling certain chary ↔ bold
certitude ↔ obscurity chary ↔ rash
cessation n. 중지/정지 : STOP chasm n. 깊은 틈/단절 : GORGE

: a temporary or final ceasing (as of action): : a deep cleft in the surface of a planet (as the earth)
cessation ↔ commencement/start cleft : chasm :: cut : gash(<)
cessation ↔ continuation
check n/v. 갑작스러운 방해(하다)
chaff n. 왕겨 : to block the progress of
winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities jolt : move :: check : stop
propagate/hasten ↔ check
chagrin n. 원통함/분함 goad ↔ check
: disquietude or distress of mind caused by humiliation, check ↔ hasten
disappointment, or failure
chagrin : mind :: grimace : face chef n. 요리사
chagrin ↔ elation author : novel :: chef : banquet
chagrin ↔ cheerfulness writer : novel :: chef : banquet
chef : kitchen :: scientist : laboratory
chamber n. 방/공무 집행실 chef : kitchen :: chemist : laboratory
: a natural or artificial enclosed space or cavity
cherubic adj. 순진 무구한
chameleon n. 카멜레온 : innocent-looking usually chubby and rosy
salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist cherubic ↔ somber
champion v. 지지/옹호하다 : UPHOLD, ADVOCATE chevron n. 갈매기 표(계급장)

: to act as militant supporter of chevron : badge :: caisson : cart
champion ↔ disparage
impugn ↔ champion chiaroscuro n. 명암 대조법
: pictorial representation in terms of light and shade
channel v. [관심]~에 돌리다/쏟다 without regard to color
: to convey or direct into or through a channel chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy
25
chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy chronic adj. 상습적인/만성의 : INVETERATE

chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : intricacy : marked by long duration or frequent recurrence
{tapestry : delicacy}는 답아님! chronic ↔ sporadic
chic adj. 맵시 있는 : STYLE chronicle n. 연대기

: smart elegance and sophistication especially of dress : a usually continuous historical account of events
or manner arranged in order of time without analysis or
interpretation
chicanery n. 속임수/핑계 : TRICKERY
: deception by artful subterfuge or sophistry chronological adj. 연대순의
chicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthful : of, relating to, or arranged in or according to the order
gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination of time
chicanery ↔ guilelessness dictionary : alphabetical :: annals : chronological
chicanery ↔ forthrightness
chicanery ↔ honest dealing chunk n. 한 덩어리
chicanery ↔ scrupulous practice : a thick mass or piece
chunk ↔ flake
chide v. 꾸짖다/잔소리하다 : SCOLD
: to voice disapproval to; reproach in a usually mild and churlish adj. 막 돼먹은/무뚝뚝한 : SURLY
constructive manner : marked by a lack of civility or graciousness
chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle(<) annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl
uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver
chip n. 조각 cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl
: a small usually thin and flat piece (as of wood or complaisance ↔ churlishness
stone) cut, struck, or flaked off genteel ↔ churlish
chip : stone :: shard : glass
cinder n. 탄재 : DROSS
choke v. 질식 시키다 : the slag from a metal furnace
: to check normal breathing of by compressing or
obstructing the trachea or by poisoning or adulterating cineast n. 영화광
available air : a devotee of motion pictures
smother : choke :: ?? cineast : film :: gourmand : food
choleric adj. 화 잘 내는/성마른 cipher n. 암호

: easily moved to often unreasonable or excessive : a method of transforming a text in order to conceal its
anger ; hot-tempered meaning
cowardice : intimidate :: choler : antagonize cipher : cryptic :: précis : concise
choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse cipher : crack :: ??
choleric : rile :: partial : bias
choleric ↔ difficult to provoke/pacific circuitous adj. 완곡한/에우르는
: not being forthright or direct in language or action
chord n. 화음
: a combination of three or more musical tones sounded immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness
simultaneously
chord : note :: grove : tree circumscribe v. 제한하다
chord : tone :: ode : poem : to constrict the range or activity of definitely and
constellation : star :: chord : note clearly
ecumenical ↔ circumscribed
choreography n. 안무 circumscribed ↔ unlimited
: the composition and arrangement of dances especially
for ballet circuitous adj. 에우르는
choreography : dance :: plot : story : not being forthright or direct in language or action
choreographer : movement :: architect : building immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness
{sculptor : statue}는 답아님!
circumference n. 원주
chromatic adj. 색채의 : the perimeter of a circle
: relating to colors or color border : country :: circumference : circle
chromatic ↔ colorless
circumlocutory adj. 장황한/에우르는
26
: having use of an unnecessarily large number of words /obfuscation : clarity

to express an idea misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract
circumlocutory ↔ direct encounter ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity
circumlocutory ↔ straightforward roil ↔ clarify/appease
obfuscate/opaque ↔ clarify
circumlocution n. 장황한 말투/둘러대기
: the use of an unnecessarily large number of words to clasp n. 걸쇠
express an idea : a device (as a hook) for holding objects or parts
: evasion in speech together
circumlocution ↔ pithy uttering lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten
circumlocution ↔ aphoristic uttering
circumlocution ↔ straightforword utter claustrophobia n. 밀폐공포증
: abnormal dread of being in closed or narrow spaces
circumspect adj. 신중한 : PRUDENT recluse : crowd :: claustrophobic : enclosure
: careful to consider all circumstances and possible
consequences cleft n. 갈라진 틈
circumspect ↔ audacious/reckless : a usually V-shaped indented formation
temerity ↔ circumspection : a hollow between ridges or protuberances
rash ↔ circumspective cleft : chasm :: cut : gash(<)
circumvent v. 교묘히 회피하다 clement adj. 너그러운/온화한 : LENIENT

: to manage to get around especially by ingenuity or : inclined to be merciful
stratagem clement ↔ pitiless
circumvent ↔ confront
circumvention ↔ direct encounter cliché n. 진부한 말
: a trite phrase or expression
cistern n. 물탱크 hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliché : originality
: an artificial reservoir (as an underground tank) for equivocation : misleading :: cliché : hackneyed
storing liquids and especially water (as rainwater)
cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse clinch v. 단단히 고정하다
: to hold fast or firmly
citation n. 소환장 clinch ↔ remove
: an official summons to appear (as before a court)
summons : citation :: ?? cling v. 달라붙다
: to hold together
civility n. 예의 : COURTESY, POLITENESS
civility ↔ rudeness clique n. 파벌
: a narrow exclusive circle or group of persons;
clairvoyant adj. 천리안의/통찰력있는 : DISCERNING especially : one held together by common interests,
: unusually perceptive views, or purposes
dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict clique : intimates :: flock : sheep
{clairvoyant : oversee}는 답아님!
clog n. 방해물 : ENCUMBRANCE
clandestine adj. 은밀한 : SURREPTITIOUS : something that shackles or impedes
clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations
clandestine : secrecy :: harmonious : congruity
clandestine ↔ open closet n/adj. 벽장/은밀한
: a cabinet or recess for especially china, household
clarion adj. 낭랑한 utensils, or
: brilliantly clear clothing
: loud and clear pantry : food :: closet/wardrobe : clothes
clarion ↔ soft and indistinct
clothing n. 의류
clarity n. 명쾌함 : LUCIDITY pantry : food :: closet/wardrobe : clothes
: the quality or state of being clear
ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth clot n/v. 엉긴 덩어리/응고시키다
consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion : a coagulated mass produced by clotting of blood
equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed
equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense freeze : water :: clot : blood
27
voluntary ↔ coercive
cloture n. 토론종결
: the closing or limitation of debate in a legislative body coeval adj. 같은 시대의
especially by calling for a vote : of the same or equal age, antiquity, or duration
voting： roll call :: termination : cloture congruent : dimension :: coeval : age
cloudburst n. 폭우 cogent adj. 설득력 있는 : CONVINCING

: a sudden copious rainfall : appealing forcibly to the mind or reason
gust : wind :: cloudburst : rainfall cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel
cogent ↔ unconvincing
clout n. 영향력 : PULL, INFLUENCE
clout ↔ impuissance/ impotence cogitate v. 숙고/명상하다
: to take careful thought or think carefully about
cloying adj. 신물이 난/물린 philosopher : cogitate :: iconoclast : attack
: excessively sweet or sentimental
garrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet cognizant adj. 인식한/알고 있는
loquacious : talkative :: cloying : sweet : knowledgeable of something especially through
personal experience
clumsy adj. 꼴사나운/서툰 incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy(#)
: lacking dexterity, nimbleness, or grace cognizant ↔ oblivious
comely ↔ clumsy cognizant unaware
coagulant n. 응고제 colander n. 여과기

: something that produces coagulation : a perforated utensil for washing or draining food
coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve centrifuge : separate :: colander : drain
coagulant ↔ liquefier/dissolvent
collapse v. 붕괴시키다
coalesce v. 합체하다 : FUSE : to fall or shrink together abruptly and completely
: to unite into a whole collapse : implode :: divide : sunder(<)
coalesce ↔ disaggregate collapse : implode :: steep : immerse
coalesce ↔ sunder collapse : volume :: attenuate : thickness
polarize ↔ coalesce
collude v. 공모하다 : CONSPIRE, PLOT
coarse adj. 조잡한/교양 없는 : to act together secretly to achieve a fraudulent, illegal,
: rough, especially to the touch or deceitful purpose
: adjusted or designed for heavy, fast, or less delicate collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey
work collusion : conspirators :: cooperation : partners
coarse : surface :: ?? collude : cooperate :: stalk : follow
fastidious ↔ coarse
colonnade n. 주랑
coax v. 감언으로 부추기다 : CAJOLE : a series of columns set at regular intervals and usually
: to persuade or try to persuade by pleading or flattery supporting the base of a roof structure
equivocation : coax :: explanation : enlighten colonnade : pillar :: queue : person
blandishment : coax :: medal : honor
coltish adj. 미숙한
coda n. 음악의 종결부 : not subjected to discipline
: a concluding passage of a movement or composition coltish：discipline :: loutish：grace
dessert : meal :: epilogue : play
dessert : meal :: coda : sonata coma n. 혼수 상태
coda ↔ overture : a state of profound unconsciousness caused by disease,
injury, or poison
coddle v. [오냐오냐]기르다 coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion
: to treat with extreme care
coddle ↔ scorn combustible adj. 가연성의
: capable of combustion
coerce v. 강압적으로 ~하다 impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible(#)
: to bring about by force or threat combustible : ignite :: malleable : shape
wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion
squander : expand :: coercion : intimidate comely adj. 어여쁜/훌륭한
28
: having a pleasing appearance ; not homely or plain preposterous ↔ commonsensical

comeliness ↔ unattractiveness
comely ↔ clumsy commotion n. 폭동/동요 : TO-DO
: an agitated disturbance
commencement n. 개시/학위 수여식 squall : commotion :: flash : illumination
: an act, instance, or time of beginning
cessation ↔ commencement compendium n. 요약 : ABSTRACT
cease ↔ inaugurate/commence : a brief summary of a larger work or of a field of
commencement ↔ matriculation knowledge
compendium : summary :: anthology : collection(=)
commend v. 칭찬하다 : PRAISE encyclopedia : compendious :: assay : objective
execrable ↔ commendable/laudable
compensate v. 상쇄하다 : BALANCE
commensurate adj. 동등한/어울리는 : to offset an error, defect, or undesired effect
: equal in measure or extent
preponderant ↔ commensurate complacent adj. 자기만족의/기분좋은
tantamount ↔ incommensurate : contented to a fault; self-satisfied and unconcerned
commentary n. 주석 complaisance n. 정중함/공손함 : AFFABILITY

: an explanatory treatise : disposition to please or comply
annotate : commentary :: gloss : definition complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit
complaisance ↔ churlishness
commercial n. 광고 complaisance ↔ obstinacy
: an advertisement broadcast on radio or television
advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal compliant adj. 유순한 : SUBMISSIVE
: ready or disposed to comply
commingle v. ~을 뒤섞다 compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible(<)
: to cause to blend together obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield
commingle ↔ separate
compliment v. 찬사/아첨하다
commitment n. 서약/몰두 : expressing or containing a compliment
: an engagement to assume a financial obligation at a : to show fondness, regard, or respect for by giving a
future date gift or performing a favor
: the state or an instance of being obligated or apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed
emotionally impelled courageous : bravado :: complimentary :
crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision fulsomeness(<)
dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence vituperative ↔ complimentary
disaffected : contentment :: dubious :
commitment/conviction comply v. 순순히 따르다
ambivalent ↔ committed : to conform or adapt one's actions to another's wishes,
to a rule, or to necessity
committed adj. 전념하는 mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain
profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed
composed adj. 차분한 : CALM, SELF-POSSESSED
commodious adj. 편리한/넓은 : ROOMY : free from agitation
: comfortably or conveniently spacious distraught/frenetic ↔ composed
taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu
commodious ↔ constricted/cramped compress v. 압축하다
: to reduce in size or volume as if by squeezing
commonplace adj. 평범한/케케묵은 compression ↔ increase in volume
: having no remarkable features, characteristics, or distention ↔ compression
traits
inimitable ↔ commonplace compromise n/v. 타협/화해하다
phenomenal ↔ unexceptional/commonplace : to come to agreement by mutual concession
commonplace ↔ original expressly mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction
commonplace ↔ exceptional implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle
intransigent ↔ open to compromise
commonsense n. 상식
: sound and prudent but often unsophisticated judgment compunction n. 양심의 가책/꺼림직함 : QUALM,
29
SCRUPLE concord ↔ contention

: anxiety arising from awareness of guilt
unrepentant ↔ compunctious concur v. 동의하다/일치하다
compunction ↔ absence of misgiving : to act together to a common end or single effect
concur ↔ naysay
concatenate v. (쇠사슬처럼)연결하다 concur ↔ object/dissent
: to link together in a series or chain
concatenate ↔ separate condemn v. 비난하다
: to declare to be reprehensible, wrong, or evil usually
concede v. 인정하다/허용하다 after weighing evidence and without reservation
: to grant as a right or privilege countenance ↔ condemn
concede ↔ refuse to grant exaltation ↔ condemnation
extol ↔ condemn/impugn/detract
concentrate v. 농축시키다/집결시키다 : FOCUS
: to bring or direct toward a common center or objective condescending adj. 생색내는 : PATRONIZING
: to make less dilute : showing or characterized by condescension
concentrate ↔ dilute solution condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn
deploy ↔ concentrate patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery
concerted adj. 협력에 의한 condign adj. 마땅한/적절한 : DESERVED,

: mutually contrived or agreed on APPROPRIATE
concerted ↔ individually devised condign ↔ undeserved/unmerited
concerto n. 협주곡 condolence n. 애도/문상

: a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with : sympathy with a person who has experienced pain,
three contrasting movements grief, or misfortune
condolence : sympathy/compassion :: gibe : derision
conciliate v. 달래다/회유하다
: to gain (as goodwill) by pleasing acts condone v. 용서하다/눈감아주다
: to make compatible : to pardon or overlook voluntarily; especially : to treat
sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive as if trivial, harmless, or of no importance
conciliate ↔ vex/nettle/discontent condone ↔ denounce
vexation ↔ conciliation condone ↔ exact
contentious ↔ conciliatory
conciliate ↔ nettle conducive adj. 조성하는/도움되는
discontent ↔ conciliate : tending to promote or assist
rile ↔ conciliate conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate
belligerent ↔ conciliatory
confederacy n. 연합 : ALLIANCE
conciseness n. 간결함 : a league or compact for mutual support or common
: marked by brevity of expression or statement action
: free from all elaboration and superfluous detail
synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity confess v. 자백하다
: to disclose one's faults; specifically : to unburden one's
concomitant adj/n. 부수하는/부수물 sins or the state of one's conscience to God or to a priest
: accompanying especially in a subordinate or incidental recantation : error :: confession : crime
way
preponderant ↔ concomitant confidant n. 절친한 친구
: one to whom secrets are entrusted
concord n. 일치/조화/친교 : HARMONY
: a state of agreement confident adj. 자신만만한
: a simultaneous occurrence of two or more musical confident : timid :: open : shy(#)
tones that produces an impression of agreeableness or confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory(<)
resolution on a listener frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant(<)
: a treaty establishing peaceful relations
concord ↔ dissension confine v. 감금하다
dissonance ↔ concord : to keep within bounds
concord ↔ rancor loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception
concord ↔ enmity
30
conflate v. 하나로 합치다 inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest

: to combine (as two readings of a text) into a
composite whole conscientious adj. 양심적인/철두철미한 :
conflate ↔ disseminate SCRUPULOUS
: thorough and assiduous
confluence n. 합류점/군중 conscientious ↔ unaware/careless
: the point of juncture of such streams conscious ↔ unwitting
: a gathering, flowing, or meeting together at one
juncture or point consensus n. 합의/일치 : UNANIMITY
confluence : streams :: junction : roads : general agreement
confluence ↔ divergence consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion(#)
expedition : foot-dragging :: consensus : factionalism
conform v. 일치하다/따르다 law : criminality :: consensus : factionalism
: to be similar or identical schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity
: to be obedient or compliant consensus ↔ factionalism
incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey
gainsay ↔ conform conservative adj. 보수적인 : TRADITIONAL
: tending or disposed to maintain existing views,
confront v. 맞서다 : OPPOSE conditions, or institutions
: to face especially in challenge bigoted : advice :: conservative : change
craven : confront :: honest : deceive contumacious : authority ::
circumvent ↔ confront reactionary/hidebound/conservative :
change/innovation/novelty
congeal v. 굳어지게 하다 : COAGULATE
: to make viscid or curdled conservatory n. 음악/예술 학교
congeal ↔ melt/disintegrate : a school specializing in one of the fine arts
congeal ↔ fail to solidify conservatory : music :: seminary : theology
/observatory : astronomy
congenial adj. 마음이 맞는 : SOCIABLE, GENIAL
: having the same tastes, habits, or temperament. conserve v. 보존하다
: of a pleasant disposition; friendly and sociable : to avoid wasteful or destructive use of
dour ↔ genial/congenial conserve ↔ waste/squander/exhaust
congruent adj. 부합하는/합동하는 considerable adj. 중요한/상당한 : SIGNIFICANT

: superposable so as to be coincident throughout restive : calm :: piddling : considerable(#)
congruent : dimension :: coeval : age
incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey consignment n. 탁송
variance ↔ congruity : the act or process of consigning
congruent ↔ disagreeable consignment : invoice :: ??
conjecture n/v. 추측(하다) console v. 위로하다 : COMFORT

: inference from defective or presumptive evidence : to alleviate the grief, sense of loss, or trouble of
conjecture ↔ restrain from the speculation embarrass : shame :: console : comfort
conjecture ↔ fact console ↔ aggravate grief
connive v. 공모하다 : CONSPIRE consolidate v. 합병하다/강화하다 : UNITE

: to cooperate secretly in an illegal or wrongful action : to join together into one whole
connive : cooperate :: spy : watch consolidation ↔ fragmentation
uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver consolidate ↔ dissolve
connoisseur n. 전문 감정가 consonance n. 일치/조화

: one who understands the details, technique, or : harmony or agreement among components
principles of an art and is competent to act as a critical consonant ↔ dissentient/dissonant
judge consonance ↔ discrepancy
connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine
selflessness : altruist :: expertise : connoisseur conspicuous adj. 눈에 띄는 : STRIKING
: attracting attention
conquest n. 정복 authoritative : acceptance :: conspicuous : attention
: the act or process of conquering conspicuous : see :: transparent : understand
31
conspicuous : sheltered :: ?? contention ↔ general agreement

blatant ↔ inconspicuous
nondescript ↔ conspicuous contingent adj. 일어날 수 있는 : POSSIBLE
salient ↔ inconspicuous : likely but not certain to happen
constellation n. 별자리 contradictory adj. 모순된

: the configuration of stars especially at one's birth : involving, causing, or constituting a contradiction
constellation : star :: chord : note paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise
bouquet : flowers :: constellation : star
contravene v. 반대하다 : CONTRADICT
constitute v. 임명하다 : to oppose in argument
: to appoint to an office, function, or dignity contravene ↔ support
abdicate ↔ constitute contravene ↔ buttress
constrained adj. 억압된/강요된 contretemps n. 뜻밖의 사건/재앙

constrain ↔ release : an unforeseen event that disrupts the normal course of
intemperate ↔ constrained things
consultation n. 상담 contrite adj. 죄를 뉘우치는

: grieving and penitent for sin or shortcoming
contagious adj. 전염성의 : CATCHING apologize : contrite :: compliment : impressed
: capable of transmitting disease; carrying a disease apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute/hesitant
sprain : injury :: cold : contagion
contagious ↔ incommunicable contrived adj. 기도한/꾀한 : ARTIFICIAL, LABORED
contrived : design :: ??
contaminate v. 오염시키다
: to soil, stain, corrupt, or infect by contact or control n. 대조군
association : an individual or group used as a standard of
hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination comparison in a control experiment
/safeguard : accident control group experimented on
contemplate v. 심사숙고하다 contumacious adj. 고집센/[명령,권위]반항적인 :

: to view or consider with continued attention REBELLIOUS
: stubbornly disobedient
contempt n. 경멸 : DISDAIN contumacious : authority ::
: the act of despising reactionary/hidebound/conservative :
: the state of mind of one who despises change/innovation/novelty
measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly contumacious ↔ obedient
paragon : admire :: pariah : contempt
redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable : conundrum n. 수수께끼/난문
scorn/contempt/disregard : an intricate and difficult problem
wince : pain :: smile : pleasure conundrum : solve :: dilemma : ?
/pout : displeasure /sneer : contempt conundrum : confuse :: ??
estimable ↔ contemptible
contemptible ↔ popular convalesce v. 건강을 회복하다
: to recover health and strength gradually after sickness
content adj. 만족한/안도하는 or weakness
: feeling or manifesting satisfaction with one's recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce
possessions, status, or situation
disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction convenience n. 형편이 좋을 때
gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration : something (as an appliance, device, or service)
admiration : praise:: discontent: complain conducive to comfort or ease
disaffected ↔ content opportune : convenience :: impermanent :
restiveness ↔ contentment transience(=)
opportune ↔ inconvenient
contentious adj. 논쟁적인/싸우기 좋아하는
: exhibiting an often perverse and wearisome tendency convention n. 관습/관례
to quarrels and disputes : usage or custom especially in social matters
contentious ↔ conciliatory overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention
32
eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion

offbeat ↔ conventional
ossify ↔ transcend conventions coop n. 닭장
corral : horses :: coop : chickens
convergent adj. 수렴하는 : CONVERGING
: tending to move toward one point or to approach each copious adj. 아주 풍부한
other : present in large quantity
converge ↔ spread out/ramify : taking place on a large scale
convergent ↔ moving apart copious ↔ sparse
discrepancy ↔ convergence
coquette n. 쌩 날라리
conversant adj. 친교가 있는/정통한 : a woman who endeavors without sincere affection to
: having frequent or familiar association gain the attention and admiration of men
: having knowledge or experience supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious
conversant ↔ unfamiliar
conversant ↔ ignorant coquettish adj. 요염한
conversance ↔ lack of familiarity
cord n. 장작의 평수
convert v. 개종시키다 : a unit of wood cut for fuel equal to a stack 4 x 4 x 8
: to bring over from one belief, view, or party to another feet or 128 cubic feet
veer : direction :: convert : belief ream : paper :: cord : wood
hunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convert
salesperson : buy :: proselytizer：convert cordon n. 경계선
swindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert : a line of troops or of military posts enclosing an area to
prevent passage
convex n. 볼록체 levee : river :: cordon : crowd
: something that have a surface or boundary that curves
or bulges outward, as the exterior of a sphere cornucopia n. 풍요 : ABUNDANCE
convex ↔ dent : an inexhaustible store
cornucopia ↔ lack/pittance
convey v. 전달하다/운반하다
: to transfer or deliver to another coronation n. 대관식
collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey : the act or occasion of crowning; also :accession to
splint : immobilize :: duct : convey the highest office
coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage
conviction n. 유죄 판결/확신
: a strong persuasion or belief corporeal adj. 실체적인/신체의 : SUBSTANTIAL
: the act or process of convicting of a crime especially in : not immaterial or intangible
a court of law : not spiritual
disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction corporeal ↔ intangible/disembodied
mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction spiritual ↔ corporeal
incorporeal ↔ incarnate
convivial adj. 연회의/친목적인
: fond of feasting, drinking, and good company corral n. 목장
convivial : social :: ?? corral : horses :: coop : chickens
convoke v. 소집하다 corroborate v. 확증하다

: to call together to a meeting : to support with evidence or authority
convoke ↔ adjourn corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood
corroboration ↔ lessening of certainty
convoluted adj. 뒤얽힌/복잡한 : INVOLVED,
INTRICATE corrosive n. 부식제
convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience(=) : tending or having the power to corrode
threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: convoluted : simplicity etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive
convoluted : complexity :: transient : evanescence
corruption n. 타락/부패
convulsion n. 경련 : the act or process of corrupting
: an abnormal violent and involuntary contraction or : the state of being corrupt
series of contractions of the muscles corruption ↔ purity
33
cosmopolitan adj. 보편적인/편견 없는 coven n. 13인의 마녀단

: having worldwide rather than limited or provincial : an assembly or band of usually 13 witches
scope or bearing retainer : retinue :: witch : coven
bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan retinue : attendant :: coven : witch
bigoted : tolerance :: servile : domination
insularity ↔ cosmopolitanism covetous adj. 탐욕스러운
insular ↔ cosmopolitan : marked by inordinate desire for wealth or possessions
or for another's possessions
cosset v. 애지중지하다 : PAMPER troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious(<)
: to treat as a pet
cosset ↔ slight cow v. [협박,폭력으로]위협하다
cosseted ↔ unspoiled : to destroy the resolve or courage of
cowed ↔ undaunted
coterie n. 공통의 취미·흥미를 가진 그룹 embolden ↔ abash/faze/cow
: an intimate and often exclusive group of persons with
a unifying common interest or purpose cowardice n. 비겁
coterie : group :: ?? : lack of courage or resolution
coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate
countenance v. 찬성/지지하다 : SANCTION pluck ↔ cowardice
: to extend approval or toleration to
countenance ↔ condemn cower v. 움츠리다
countenance refuse to approve : to shrink away or crouch especially for shelter from
something that menaces, domineers, or dismays
counterfeit n. 위조/가짜 : FORGED fear : cower :: anger : rant
: something made in imitation of something else with bristle ↔ cower
intent to deceive
sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money coy adj. 수줍어 하는/아~~잉하는(앙큼한)
: shrinking from contact or familiarity
countermand v. 주문을 취소하다 : marked by cute, coquettish, or artful playfulness
: to cancel or reverse (a previously issued command or
order craft n. 능숙 : DEXTERITY
countermand : order :: rescind : law : skill in planning, making, or executing
counterpart n. 사본 : DUPLICATE cramp adj/v. 비좁은/속박시키다 : CONFINE,

RESTRAIN
couple v. 연결[결합]하다 : to shut in so closely as to restrict the physical freedom
couple ↔ disconnect of
commodious ↔ constricted/cramped
couplet n. 2행 연구 : DISTICH
: unit of verse consisting of two successive lines, usually crass adj. 세련되지 못한
rhyming and having the same meter and often forming : crude and unrefined as to be lacking in discrimination
a complete thought or syntactic unit and sensibility
couplet : sentence :: ?? crass ↔ refined
refined ↔ crass
court n/v. 아첨/구애(하다)
: conduct or attention intended to win favor or dispel craven adj. 겁 많은/소심한
hostility : lacking the least bit of courage
aversion ↔ court craven : admirable :: deft : awkward(#)
court ↔ repel intentionally/repulse intentionally/snub craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift
spurn ↔ court ,crave, embrace craven : heroic :: volatile : constant(#)
heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent(#)
courtesy n. 예의 craven : confront :: honest : deceive
: courteous behavior dastard : craven :: dupe : gullible
: a courteous act or expression craven valorous
courtroom n. 법정 craving n. 강한 갈망/열망

: a room in which a court of law is held : an intense, urgent, or abnormal desire or longing
lawyer : courtroom :: gladiator : arena terror : fear :: craving : desire(>)
34
spurn ↔ court/crave/embrace inaugurate : president :: install : official

craving ↔ aversion /crown : king
credence n. 신용/신임 crucial adj. 결정적인 : DECISIVE

: mental acceptance as true or real : important or essential as resolving a crisis
credence ↔ distrust relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious(<)
credence ↔ doubt crucial ↔ inconsequential
peripheral ↔ crucial
creek n. 시냇물
: a natural stream of water normally smaller than and crude adj. 조잡한
often tributary to a river : marked by the primitive, gross, or elemental or by
hill : mountain :: creek : river uncultivated simplicity or vulgarity
delicacy ↔ crudity
creep v/n. 서행하다/살살기다/서행
: to go very slowly ; to go timidly or cautiously so as to crumb n/v. 빵부스러기/가루로 만들다
escape notice : a small fragment especially of something baked (as
: to move along with the body prone and close to the bread)
ground crumb : bread :: splinter : wood
creep ↔ moved swiftly shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake
creep ↔ swift movement
crumble v. [빵등을]가루로 만들다/허물어지다 :
crescendo n. 점점 세어지기(음악) DISINTEGRATE, COLLAPSE
: a gradual increase; specifically :a gradual increase in : to fall into small pieces
volume of a musical passage : to break down completely
friable : crumble :: malleable : alter
crest n. 마루(파도의 정점) friable : crumbled :: lucid : comprehended
: the top of a wave friable ↔ not easily crumbled/resistance to be
crest : wave :: summit/peak : mountain pulverized
friable ↔ difficult to crumble
crestfallen adj. 풀 죽은/낙심한 : DEJECTED
: feeling shame or humiliation crutch n. 목발/버팀대
crestfallen ↔ exultant : a support typically fitting under the armpit for use by
crestfallen ↔ elated/ecstatic/euphoric/exultant/jubilant the disabled in walking
crutch : walk :: glasses : see
criteria n. 규준 crutch : support :: glasses : see
: a standard on which a judgment or decision may be
based crux n. (문제 해결의) 핵심
: an essential point requiring resolution or resolving an
cronyism n. 연줄(친구 등용) outcome
: partiality to cronies especially as evidenced in the crux ↔ peripheral element
appointment of political hangers-on to office without crux ↔ pettiness
regard to their qualifications
nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend cryptic adj. 비밀의/불가해한 : MYSTERIOUS
nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud : having or seeming to have a hidden or ambiguous
meaning
croon v. 흥얼거리다 cipher : cryptic :: précis : concise
: to sing or speak in a gentle murmuring manner cryptic : perplex :: ??
croon : sing :: murmur : speak cryptic ↔ self explanatory
crop n. 떼거지 : COLLECTION cuisine n. 요리

: a group, quantity, or supply appearing at one time connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine
crop ↔ pittance
culpable adj. 비난 받아 마땅한
crouch v. 웅크리다/굽실거리다 : CRINGE : meriting condemnation or blame especially as wrong or
: to bend or bow servilely harmful
exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame
crown v. 왕위에 오르다 culpable ↔ innocent
: to place a crown or wreath on the head of;
specifically :to invest with regal dignity and power cultivate v. 경작하다/장려하다 : ENCOURAGE
35
: to foster the growth of : a storm or system of winds that rotates about a center
: to improve and prepare (land), as by plowing or of low atmospheric pressure, advances at a speed of 20
fertilizing, for raising crops to 30 miles (about 30 to 50 kilometers) an hour, and
nurture : child :: cultivate : crop often brings heavy
cultivate ↔ impede snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone
cultivate ↔ cause to wither
cynical adj. 냉소적인/의심하는
cultivated adj. 교양 있는/재배된 : REFINED, : contemptuously distrustful of human nature and
EDUCATED motives
feral ↔ cultivated ingénue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness
cumbersome adj. [육중해서]다루기 힘든

: unwieldy because of heaviness and bulk
cumbersome : hinder :: palliative : mitigate
cumbersome ↔ easy to handle/handy/wieldy
cunning adj. 교묘한/교활한

: characterized by wiliness and trickery
artless ↔ cunning
ingenuous ↔ cunning
curative adj. 치유의

: relating to or used in the cure of diseases
curator n. 박물관/전시관의 매니저

: one in charge of a museum, zoo, or other place of
exhibit
ranger : forest :: curator : museum
curb n/v. 재갈/억제하다

: to check or control with or as if with a curb
curb ↔ goad/spur
curb ↔ promote to proceed/lack of restraint
curmudgeon n. 심술궂은 놈
: an ill-tempered person full of resentment and stubborn
notions
curmudgeon ↔ agreeable person
curry v. 카레 요리로 환심사다

: to flavor or cook with curry powder or a curry sauce
sycophant : curry :: surveyor : oversee
cursory adj. 엉성한/겉핥기의 : HASTY

: rapidly and often superficially performed or produced
cursory ↔ painstakingly thorough
fastidious ↔ easygoing/cursory/uncritical
curt adj. 간략한/퉁명스러운 : TERSE

: sparing of words
curt : words :: parsimonious : resource/money
curtail v. 생략하다
: to make less by or as if by cutting off or away some
part
curtail : period :: enervate : energy
protract ↔ curtail
cyclone n. 대폭풍(단위)
36
D dappled adj. 얼룩덜룩한

: marked with small spots or patches contrasting with
the background
striated : groove :: mottled/dappled : spot
dabble v. (장난 삼아)해보다
: to work or involve oneself superficially or daredevil adj/n. 앞뒤 안 가리는/무모한 놈
intermittently especially in a secondary activity or : a recklessly bold person
interest prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton
dabble : superficial :: ?? daredevil : foolhardiness :: malcontent : dissatisfaction
dabble ↔ dedicate/devote
dabble ↔ specialize dart v. 날쌔게 움직이다
dabbler ↔ specialist : to move suddenly or rapidly fall
dabbler ↔ dedicated professional descend : plummet :: move : dart
daft adj. 어리석은/정신 이상의 : SILLY, INSANE daunt v. 위협하다/음메 기죽게 하다 : COW, SUBDUE
daft ↔ judicious : to lessen the courage of
daft : saint :: ?? dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment
dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible：restrain
daguerreotype n. 은판 사진술 cowed ↔ undaunted
: an early photograph produced on a silver or a silver- daunt ↔ embolden/make resolute
covered copper plate; also :the process of producing daunting ↔ meek
such photographs dauntless ↔ craven/easily discouraged/pusillanimous
dally v. 희롱하다 dawdle v. 꾸물대다/빈둥거리다

: to act playfully : to move aimlessly or lackadaisically
dally : playful :: ?? dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated
hie ↔ dawdle
damp n/a/v. 물기/축축한/약화[낙담]시키다 :
MOISTURE, HUMIDITY, DAMPNESS deactivate v. 효력을 없애다/비활성화 하다
tint : suffuse :: damp : quench : to make inactive or ineffective
abase : prestige :: damp : ardor deactivate ↔ potentiate
damp ↔ amplify
sere ↔ lush/damp deaden v. 무감각하게 하다 : BLUNT
: to impair in vigor or sensation
dampen v. 축축하게 하다/[활력·열의·행동을]풀 죽게 tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden
하다 : DEADEN
: to check or diminish the activity or vigor of deadpan adj. 무표정한
: to make damp : marked by an impassive matter-of-fact manner, style,
dampen ↔ increase intensity or expression
dampen ↔ parch/scorch impudent : brazen :: deadpan : impassive(=)
dander n. 화 : ANGER dearth n. 부족/결핍 : LACK

: an inadequate supply
dandy n. 멋쟁이 plethora ↔ dearth
: a man who gives exaggerated attention to personal spate ↔ dearth
appearance copiousness ↔ dearth
miser : hoard :: dandy : preen
/sycophant : fawn /pundit : opine debase v. (가치,품위)떨어뜨리다
: to lower in status, esteem, quality, or character
dank adj. 축축한 debase : value :: attenuate : force
: unpleasantly moist or wet enervation : vitality :: debasement : value
dank : moisture :: ?? debase : status :: lower : height
debase ↔ ennoble
dapper adj. 깔끔한 : NATTY
: neat and trim in appearance debilitate v. 약하게 하다 : ENFEEBLE
dapper : fastidious :: ?? : to impair the strength of
dapper/natty↔ frowzy/slovenly attenuate : thickness :: debilitate : strength
unkempt/slovenly ↔ dapper debilitate ↔ invigorate/fortify
37
debris n. 파편 조각 : a devoting or setting aside for a particular purpose

: the scattered remains of something broken or bigot : dedication :: rage : anger(>)
destroyed zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest(>)
debris : destroy :: ash : burn dabble ↔ dedicate/devote
debunk v. (거짓)정체를 폭로하다/까발리다 default v. 채무 불이행하다

: to expose the sham or falseness of : a failure to pay financial debts
debunk ↔ affirm/perpetuate to sham default : pay :: yield : resist(#)
debunk ↔ unexposed
debunk ↔ shroud defer v. 존중하다/따르다
: to submit to another's wishes, opinion, or governance
debut n. 데뷔 usually through deference or respect
: a first appearance arrogant : defer :: ??
debut : career :: embark : journey defer : leader :: admire : hero
debut ↔ farewell performance
deferential adj. 공손한
decadence n. 쇠퇴/타락 : showing or expressing respect and esteem due a
: the process of becoming decadent superior or an elder
decadence ↔ wholesomeness deferential : offend :: scornful : respect
intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend
decant v. [액체를]가만히 따르다 frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (<)
: to pour off (wine, for example) without disturbing the exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence
sediment deferential : offend :: adamant : yield
subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour impudent ↔ deferential/respectful
deferential ↔ contemptuous
decentralize v. [중앙의 기능을]분산시키다 deferential ↔ imperious
: to distribute the administrative functions or powers of
(a central authority) among several local authorities deficiency n. 부족/결핍 : SHORTAGE
: an amount that is lacking or inadequate
decibel n. 데시벨 surfeit ↔ deficiency
: a unit for expressing the relative intensity of sounds
on a scale from zero for the average least perceptible defile v/n. 더럽히다/좁은 길
sound to about 130 for the average pain level : a narrow passage or gorge
decibel : sound :: volt : electricity precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness
/watt : power /lumen : light
deflate v. 공기[김]를 빼다/기를 팍 쥑이다
decipher v. 암호를 풀다 : to release contained air or gas from.
: to make out the meaning of despite indistinctness or : to collapse by releasing contained air or gas
obscurity puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled
legible : decipher :: ??
decipher : hieroglyph :: separate : component defoliant n. 고엽제
: a chemical spray or dust applied to plants in order to
decode v. 암호를 풀다 cause the leaves to drop off prematurely
: to convert (as a coded message) into intelligible form defoliant : tree :: insecticide : insect
tacit : infer :: encoded : decode(#)
defraud v. 속여서 빼앗다
decorum n. 적절함/예의 바름 : to deprive of something by deception or fraud
: propriety and good taste in conduct or appearance
miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum deft adj. 손재주 좋은/솜씨 좋은
decorum ↔ impropriety : characterized by facility and skill
mangy ↔ sleek/decorous craven : admirable :: deft : awkward(#)
maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse(#)
decrepit adj. 쇠약한/노쇠한 maladroit : deft :: expedite : foot-dragging(#)
: wasted and weakened by or as if by the infirmities of deft ↔ maladroit
old age deft ↔ clumsy
decrepit ↔ vigorous deft awkward
decrepit ↔ sound
defuse v. (긴장)을 완화시키다
dedication n. 헌신/전념 : to make less harmful, potent, or tense
38
defuse ↔ foment : offending by neglect or violation of duty or of law
defy v. (공공연하게) 반대하다 : DARE delirium n. 의식의 혼란/광란

: to challenge to do something considered impossible : a mental disturbance characterized by confusion,
: to confront with assured power of resistance disordered speech, and hallucinations
acquiesce ↔ defy coma : unconsciousness :: delirium : confusion
defy ↔ not challenge/obey
delude v. 속이다/착각하다 : DECEIVE, TRICK
dehydrate v. 건조시키다/탈수하다 : to mislead the mind or judgment of
: to remove bound water or hydrogen and oxygen from delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception
(a chemical compound) in the proportion in which they transparent ↔ delusive
form water
abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration deluge n. 대홍수
dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality : an overflowing of the land by water
dehydrate : water :: fade : brightness rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane
fatigue : rest/repose :: dehydration : water droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide
descent : altitude :: dehydrate : moisture deluge ↔ drizzle
dehydration : moisture :: desertification : vegetation
dehydrate : moisture :: attenuate :power delve v. 깊이 파고들다
reconstitute ↔ dehydrate : to make a careful or detailed search for information
quaff : sip :: delve : skim
deification n. 신격화 scrutinize :: gloss :: delve : skim
: the act or process of deifying
deification ↔ debasement demagogue n. 선동가
deify ↔ speak with contempt : a leader who makes use of popular prejudices and
false claims and promises in order to gain power
deject v. 낙담시키다 demagogue : instruct :: ??
: to make gloomy
mollify : anger :: heart : dejection demise n/v. 사망/양도하다 : DIE, DECEASE
dejected : embarrassment :: ?? : to pass by descent or bequest
dejected ↔ exultant appropriate ↔ demise
deject ↔ gladden
dejection ↔ jocundity demography n. 인구학
: the statistical study of human populations especially
delegation n. 대표[단] with reference to size and density, distribution, and vital
: A person or group of persons officially elected or statistics
appointed to represent another or others demography : population :: meteorology : weather
delegation : represented :: ??
demolition n. 파괴/폐허
deleterious adj. 해로운/유해한 : the act of demolishing; especially :destruction in war
: harmful often in a subtle or unexpected way by means of explosives
wholesome ↔ deleterious recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition
deleterious ↔ salutary/salubrious
deleterious ↔ beneficial demonstrable adj. 증명할 수 있는
: capable of being demonstrated or proved
deliberate adj/v. 신중한/심사숙고하다 demonstrable ↔ unable to prove
: to think about or discuss issues and decisions carefully
apophasis : claim :: caprice : deliberate demoralize v. 기를 꺾다/당황케 하다 : DISCOURAGE,
hasty ↔ characterized by deliberation DISPIRIT
hasty ↔ deliberate : to weaken the morale of
impetuous ↔ deliberate dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength
demoralize ↔ invigorate
delicacy n. 섬세/연약함/정중함 : FINENESS
: the quality or state of being dainty demotic adj. 민중의
ingenuous : guile :: delicate : offense : of or relating to the common people
delicacy ↔ crudity demotic ↔ profound
husky ↔ delicate
demur v. 반대하다/의의를 제기하다
delinquent adj. 태만한 : to voice opposition
39
demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness : to extend (a military unit) especially in width

demur : doubt :: waver : irresoluteness deploy ↔ concentrate
demur ↔ accept
accede ↔ demur deportation n. 국외 추방
: the removal from a country of an alien whose presence
demystify v. 신비성을 제거하다/계몽하다 is unlawful or prejudicial
: to make less mysterious; clarify deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling
demystify ↔ obfuscate
depose v. 증언하다
den n. 굴 : to testify to under oath or by affidavit
perjure ↔ depose
denigrate v. 헐뜯다/모욕하다 : DEFAME
: to attack the character or reputation of; speak ill of deposition n. 퇴적/침전
denigrate ↔ honor : an act or process of a natural accumulation (as of iron
ore, coal, or gas)
denouement n. 대단원 deposition ↔ process of eroding
: the final outcome of the main dramatic complication in
a literary work depravity n. 타락/부패
joke : punch line :: plot : denouement : moral corruption or degradation
doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue
denounce v. 비난하다
: to pronounce especially publicly to be blameworthy or deprecate v. 비난하다/헐뜯다 : BELITTLE,
evil DISPARAGE
admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory(<) : to express disapproval of
admonish : denounce :: persuade : convince laud : deprecated :: ??
castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility
condone ↔ denounce deprecate ↔ extol
denounce ↔ embrace vaunt ↔ deprecate
tout ↔ deprecate
denude v. 발가벗기다 laud ↔ deprecate
: to strip of all covering or surface layers
denude ↔ cover depreciate v. 가치를 저하시키다
: to lower the price or estimated value of
denunciation n. 탄핵/공공연한 비난 fawn : hauteur :: self-depreciate : swagger
: the act or an instance of denouncing, especially a imperious : fawn :: swaggering : self-depreciate
public condemnation or censure imperiousness : fawn :: self-depreciatory : swagger
accolade ↔ denunciation depreciation : value :: ossification : flexibility
depart v. 떠나다 : LEAVE depress v. 억누르다/기를 꺾다

abscond : depart :: pilfer : take : to lower in spirits
abscond : depart :: lurk : wait : to press down
abscond : depart :: purloin : appropriate depressant : mood :: ??
protuberant ↔ depressed
depict v. 서술/묘사하다
: to represent by or as if by a picture deprivation n. 박탈/손실 : PRIVATION
: the state of being deprived; especially : removal from
deplete v. 고갈시키다 an office, dignity, or benefice
: to lessen markedly in quantity, content, power, or deprivation ↔ surfeit
value
enrich ↔ deplete deracinate v. 근절시키다 : UPROOT
: to pull out by the roots; uproot.
deplore v. 애통해 하다/유감으로 생각하다 : to displace from one's native or accustomed
: to feel or express grief for ; to regret strongly environment
: to consider unfortunate or deserving of deprecation deracinate ↔ plant
deplore ↔ laud/rejoice
deplore ↔ express accolade/extol derelict n/adj. 태만한/낙오자 : VAGRANT, BUM
deplore ↔ commend : a destitute homeless social misfit
derelict ↔ pillar of society
deploy v. 전개하다/배치하다 stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected
40
despondent adj. 기가 죽은/낙담한

deride v. 조롱하다 : feeling or showing extreme discouragement, dejection,
: to subject to usually bitter or contemptuous ridicule or depression
patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy(=)
apologize : regret :: gibe : derision despondent : depressed :: expert : skilled
pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive elated ↔ despondent
/drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimless sanguine ↔ despondent
smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision
ridicule : derision :: ?? dessert n. 디저트
deride ↔ praise dessert : meal :: epilogue : play
veneration ↔ derision dessert : meal :: coda : sonata
derivative adj. 파생된/진부한 : BANAL desultory adj. [생각]엉뚱한/[행동]그냥 막연한

: formed by derivation : marked by lack of definite plan, regularity, or purpose
: lacking originality : not connected with the main subject
precursory ↔ derivative/sequela : disappointing in progress or performance
seminal derivative desultory : plan :: inadequate : sufficiency
derivative innovative desultory : plan :: sluggish : industriousness
derivative original languid : energy :: desultory : plan
desultory ↔ strictly methodical
derogatory adj. 헐뜯는 : DISPARAGING assiduous ↔ desultory
: expressive of a low opinion
detach v. 분리하다
descendant n. 자손 : to separate especially from a larger mass and usually
: one deriving directly from a precursor or prototype without violence or damage
forbears ↔ descendants tether ↔ detach
desecrate v. 신성 모독하다 : PROFANE detain v. 지체하게 하다/구류시키다

: to treat disrespectfully, irreverently, or outrageously : to keep from proceeding; delay or retard.
desecrate ↔ sanctify/revere : to keep in custody or temporary confinement
detain ↔ manumit
desert v. 버리다
: to withdraw from or leave usually without intent to deter v. 단념시키다/방해하다
return : to turn aside, discourage, or prevent from acting
intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract
desiccate v. 건조시키다 : DEHYDRATE inducement ↔ deterrent
: to preserve (a food) by drying deter ↔ spur
abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration
caustic : eat away :: desiccant : dry detestable adj. 혐오할 만한 : ABOMINABLE
desiccate : moisture :: detoxify : poison : arousing or meriting intense dislike
desiccation : moisture :: deceleration : velocity
cleanse : dirt :: desiccant : moisture detract v. 비난하다
/respite：labor /offbeat : bathetic : to diminish the importance, value, or effectiveness of
something
designate v. ~라 부르다 extol ↔ condemn/impugn/detract
: to call by a distinctive title, term, or expression
foreword : introductory :: appellation : designate detritus n. 파편 : DEBRIS
: a product of disintegration, destruction, or wearing
despair n. 절망 away
abandon : inhibition :: despair : hope debris : destroy :: ash : burn
detritus ↔ valuable mass
despicable adj. 경멸할 만한
: deserving to be despised detour v. 우회하다
redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable : : to go or cause to go by a roundabout way
scorn/contempt/disregard detour : path :: ??
venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn detour : route :: digressive : topic
despicable : value :: mulish : flexible
despise ↔ venerate deviation n. 일탈
: noticeable or marked departure from accepted norms
41
of behavior expansive ↔ reserved/diffident
devise v. 고안하다 : INVENT diffuse adj/v. 장황한/흩어진/흩뜨리다/확산시키다

: to form in the mind by new combinations or : to pour out and permit or cause to spread freely
applications of ideas or principles : being at once verbose and ill-organized
: not concentrated or localized
devoted adj. 헌신적인/몰두한 euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse
: feeling or displaying strong affection or attachment diffuse ↔ concentrate
: having been consecrated
devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious digit n. 손(발)가락/아라비아 숫자
fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper fang : tooth :: finger : digit
elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence
dabble ↔ dedicate/devote dignity n. 존엄/위풍당당
: quality or state of being worthy, honored, or esteemed
devout adj. 독실한
: devoted to religion or to religious duties or exercises digress v. 주제에서 벗어나다
religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy : to turn aside especially from the main subject of
impiety ↔ devoutness attention or course of argument
digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant
dexterous adj. 솜씨 좋은/교묘한 : CLEVER digressive : topic/subject :: stray : group
: mentally adroit and skillful stray : group :: digress : subject
dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict
dexterous : awkward :: ?? dilapidate v. 황폐케 되다
: to bring into a condition of decay or partial ruin
diabolic adj. 악마적인 : DEVILISH dilapidated ↔ restored
: of, relating to, or characteristic of the devil
diabolization ↔ benediction dilate v. 팽창시키다 : DISTEND, WIDEN
diabolic ↔ seraphic : to enlarge or expand in bulk or extent
dilate ↔ contract
diagnose v. 진단하다
: to recognize (as a disease) by signs and symptoms dilatory adj. 꾸물거리는 : TARDY
diagnose : treat :: proofread : correct : tending to postpone or delay
dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain
diaphanous adj. 투명에 가까운/애매하고 내용 없는 : alacrity ↔ dilatoriness/hesitance
INSUBSTANTIAL, ETHEREAL precipitate ↔ retard/dilatory
: characterized by extreme delicacy of form
diaphanous ↔ opaque dilettante n. 아마추어 : DABBLER
diaphanous ↔ substantial : a person having a superficial interest in an art or a
diaphanous ↔ substantive branch of knowledge
dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence
diatribe n. 혹평 dilettante : superficiality :: partisan : bias
: a bitter and abusive speech or writing
diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery diligent adj. 근면한 : PAINSTAKING
lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse : characterized by steady, earnest, and energetic effort
declamation：grandiloquence :: diatribe：abuse diligent : effort :: deception : deceptive
diligent : effort :: malign : ill-will
didactic adj. 교훈적인 procrastination ↔ diligence
: designed or intended to teach
didactic : teach :: hortatory/exhortative : urge dilute v. 희석시키다
didactic : teach :: fantastic : amaze : to diminish the strength, flavor, or brilliance of by
admixture
diehard n. 끝까지 버티는 놈 slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength/concentration
: one who strongly resist change
palter : candor :: budge : diehard din n. 소음
: a loud continued noise; especially :a welter of
diffident adj. 자신 없는/소심한 discordant sounds
: hesitant in acting or speaking through lack of self- stench : nose :: din : ear
confidence
diffident ↔ brassy dingus n. 저~~어 거시기 : DOODAD
42
: article whose name is unknown or forgotten.

: person regarded as stupid discharge v. 해고하다
: to dismiss from employment
dingy adj. 칙칙한/초라한 : DIRTY, DISCOLORED discharge ↔ hire
: darkened with smoke and grime
dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere disclaim v. 거부하다
: to renounce a legal claim to
diocesan adj. 교구의/편협한
: narrowly restricted in scope or outlook discography n. (장르·작곡가·연주가 별의)음반 목록
diocesan ↔ ecumenical : a descriptive list of phonograph records by category,
composer, performer, or date of release
dire adj. 무시무시한/비참한 : DISMAL, OPPRESSIVE list : discography :: tool : hoe
dire ↔ pleasant
discomfit v. 당황하게 하다/좌절시키다 : DISCONCERT,
dirge n. 장송가 THWART
: slow, mournful musical composition : to put into a state of perplexity and embarrassment
dirge : music :: elegy : poetry : to frustrate the plans of
discomfited : blush :: contemptuous : sneer
disabuse v. 그릇된 생각에서 깨닫게 하다 discomfit ↔ ingratiate
: to free from error, fallacy, or misconception discomfit ↔ mollify
disabuse : fallacy :: cure : disease
loose : confinement :: disabuse : misconception discommode v. 불편하게 하다 : TROUBLE,
mislead ↔ disabuse DISOBLIGE
: to cause inconvenience to
disaffected adj. 불만을 품은 : REBELLIOUS discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious
: discontented and resentful especially against authority discommode ↔ assist
disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction discommode ↔ oblige
officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel discommode pacificate/ease/mollify
disaffect ↔ win over/mollify
disaffected ↔ contented discombobulate v. 혼란스럽게 하다
: to throw into a state of confusion
disaggregate v. 분해하다 discombobulated composed
: to separate into component parts
disaggregate ↔ join together discommode v. 불편/난처하게 하다 : TROUBLE
coalesce ↔ disaggregate : to cause inconvenience to
discommode ↔ assist
disagreeable adj. 불쾌한 : UNPLEASANT, OFFENSIVE discommodity ↔ convenience
: causing discomfort
disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal(<) discompose v. 불안하게 하다
: to destroy the composure of
disarm v. 적개심을 없애다/누그러뜨리다 discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic
: to deprive of means, reason, or disposition to be discompose : pacific :: engage：odious
hostile discompose : pacific :: engage : tedious
bait ↔ disarm disturbing : composure :: tedious : energy
discompose : placid :: fabricate : ingenuous(#)
disavow v. 부인하다 : REPUDIATE
: to deny responsibility for ; to refuse to acknowledge : discord n. 불일치/불협화음
disavow ↔ affirm : lack of agreement or harmony (as between persons,
disavowal ↔ admission things, or ideas)
harmony ↔ discord
discard v. 버리다/해고하다
: to get rid of especially as useless or unpleasant discourse n. 담화/강연
retain ↔ discard : formal and orderly and usually extended expression of
thought on a subject
discerning adj. 통찰력 있는 : DISCRIMINATING lullaby : song :: diatribe : discourse
: showing insight and understanding
palatable : savory :: discerning : manifest(=) discrepancy n. 모순/불일치
discern : acute :: believe : gullible : an instance of divergence or disagreement
myopic ↔ discerning discrepancy ↔ convergence
43
distasteful
discretion n. 분별/신중 blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting
: the quality of being discreet odious : disgust :: menacing : fear
foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection
overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention /hurl : disgust
judiciousness ↔ indiscretion entrancing ↔ disappoint/disgust/repel/repulse/bore
discretionary adj. 임의의/자유재량의 dishevel v. 난잡하게 하다

: exercised at one's own discretion : to throw into disorder or disarray
discretionary ↔ obligatory
discretionary ↔ mandatory disinclination n. 싫증/마음이 안내킴
discretionary ↔ preordained : a preference for avoiding something
aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration(>)
discriminate v. 식별하다 aversion : inclination :: ??
: to mark or perceive the distinguishing or peculiar leaning ↔ disinclination
features of
epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching disinfect v. 소독하다/살균하다
liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference : to free from infection especially by destroying harmful
sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating microorganisms
equitable ↔ discriminatory/unfair oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect
discursive adj. 산만한/두서 없는 : RAMBLING disinterested adj. 사심 없는/공평한 : UNBIASED

: moving from topic to topic without order : free from selfish motive or interest
discursive ↔ keen on title factional ↔ disinterested
discursive ↔ succinct inequity ↔ disinterestedness
disdain n. 경멸 : SCORN disjointed adj. [말,생각 등이]종잡을 수 없는

: a feeling of contempt for what is beneath one : lacking coherence or orderly sequence
snub : disdain :: double-cross : disloyalty disjointed ↔ consistent
adulation ↔ disdain
disjunctive adj. 분리성의
disembark vt/v. 하선하다 : marked by breaks or disunity
: to go ashore from a ship. nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity
: to leave a vehicle or aircraft
disembark : ship :: dismount : horse dislodge v. [사람,짐승]을 내몰다
debark : ship :: unload : truck : to remove or force out from a position or dwelling
previously occupied
disengage v. 해방시키다 ensconce ↔ dislodge
: to release from something that engages or involves
disengage ↔ mesh dismantle v. 분해하다/[설비등]제거하다
: to take to pieces; also : to destroy the integrity or
disgorge v. 토해내다 : VOMIT functioning of
: to discharge by the throat and mouth dismantle : wholeness :: ??
disgorge ↔ swallow dismantle : united :: adulterate : pristine
disgruntle v. 불만 품게 하다/언짢게 하다 dismiss v. 기각하다

: to make ill-humored or discontented -- usually used as : to refuse to accept or recognize
a participial adjective dismiss ↔ sanction
disgruntle ↔ refresh
disgruntled ↔ contented disparage v. 헐뜯다/비난하다 : DECRY
: to depreciate by indirect means (as invidious
disguise n/v. 변장하다/가장하다 comparison)
: to furnish with a false appearance or an assumed : speak slightingly about
identity scorn : reject :: disparage : ignore
padding : damage :: disguise : recognition {adulate : flatter}는 답아님!
disguise : alter :: cloak : warm epithet : disparage :: alias : mislead
aggrandize ↔ disparage
disgust n/v. 역겨워 하다 : REPUGNANCE champion ↔ disparage
: marked aversion aroused by something highly extol ↔ disparage
44
: to break up and scatter or vanish

disparate adj. 본질적으로 다른 : to be extravagant or dissolute in the pursuit of
: containing or made up of fundamentally different and pleasure
often incongruous elements husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate(#)
disparate ↔ similar/analogous dissipate : stir :: ?? (#)
disparate ↔ like accumulation ↔ dissipation
disparate ↔ alike dissipate ↔ accumulate
dissipate ↔ gather
dispassionate adj. 공평한/감정에 좌우되지 않는 amass ↔ dissipate
: not influenced by strong feeling ; not affected by
personal or emotional involvement dissociate v. 관계를 끊다
dispassionate ↔ partial/responsive : to separate from association or union with another
affiliation ↔ dissociation
dispatch n/v. 신속함/급파하다
: promptness and efficiency in performance or dissolute adj. 방탕한
transmission : lacking restraint; especially :marked by indulgence in
dispatch ↔ leisureliness things
libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious
disposal n. 처분 ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine
: systematic destruction; especially :destruction or /humorous : wag
transformation of garbage voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness
recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition
dissolve v. 용해하다
disquiet v. 평정을 잃게 하다 : DISTURB, ALARM : to cause to pass into solution
: to take away the peace or tranquility of clot : dissolved :: crowd : dispersed
disquiet ↔ put at ease coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve
disrupt v. 붕괴시키다 dissonance n. 불일치

: to throw into disorder : lack of agreement
saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend : inconsistency between the beliefs one holds or
between one's actions and one's beliefs
dissect v. 해부하다 dissonance ↔ concord
: to analyze and interpret minutely
specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse dissuade v. 단념시키다
: to advise (a person) against something
dissemble v. 가장하다/숨기다 : SIMULATE : to turn from something by persuasion
: to hide under a false appearance ; to put on the remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehensibility : censure
appearance of remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal
dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness dissuade ↔ abet
dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling dissuade ↔ enhance
ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen
/polite : snub distillation n. 증류
: the process of purifying a liquid by successive
disseminate v. 흩뿌리다 evaporation and condensation
: to spread abroad as though sowing seed synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity
disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment distill : purity :: leaven : volume
disseminate ↔ garner
distinction n. 구별/명성
dissension n. 의견 불일치 : the quality or state of being distinguishable
: difference of opinion nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion
concord ↔ dissension nebulous ↔ distinct
repute ↔ lack of distinction
dissent v. 의견을 달리하다
: to differ in opinion or feeling distinguished adj. 뛰어난
dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group : marked by eminence, distinction, or excellence
eminent ↔ undistinguished
dissertation n. 박사 논문
distort v. 왜곡하다
dissipate v. [소멸되도록]흩뜨리다/탕진하다 : to twist out of the true meaning or proportion
45
brevity : aphorism :: distortion : caricature

dogged adj. 완고한/끈질긴
distract v. 산만하게 하다 : marked by stubborn determination
: to draw or direct (as one's attention) to a different dogged ↔ yielded
object or in different directions at the same time dogged ↔ easily discouraged
intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract
rapt ↔ distracted doggerel adj/n. 우스꽝스러운/광시
: loosely styled and irregular in measure especially for
distraught adj. 몹시 동요된/미칠 지경인 burlesque or comic effect
: agitated with doubt or mental conflict doggerel : verse :: burlesque : play
troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious(<) doggerel : poem :: sketch : drawing
distraught ↔ composed
doggo adv. 숨어서
ditch n. 도랑 : in hiding
: a long narrow excavation dug in the earth doggo : instability :: ??
ditch : canyon :: burrow : cavern
dogma n. 교리/정설
ditty n. 짤막한 노래 : something held as an established opinion
: an especially simple and unaffected song dogma ↔ heresy
fable : tale :: ditty : song
doldrums n. 열대 무풍 지대/침체
diurnal adj. 주간의 : state or period of inactivity, stagnation, or slump
: of, relating to, or occurring in the daytime doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue
diurnal ↔ nocturnal
dolorous adj. 비통한
diverge v. 분기하다/벗어나다 : causing, marked by, or expressing misery or grief
: to move or extend in different directions from a dolorous ↔ jubilant
common point
: to turn aside from a path or course dolt n. 얼뜨기
ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent : a stupid person
diverge : apart :: traverse : across wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid
diverge : apart :: involve : among
confluence ↔ divergence domination n. 지배
: supremacy or preeminence over another
divert v. 딴 데로 돌리다 : DEFLECT gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination
: to turn from one course or use to another impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued
divert : shunt :: retard : brake inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest
divestiture n. 박탈 domineering adj. 횡포의

: the act of divesting : tending to domineer; overbearing
divestiture ↔ acquisition
don v. 입다/모자를 쓰다
divulge v. 폭로하다 : to put on (an article of clothing)
: to make known (as a confidence or secret) doff ↔ don
divulge ↔ keep secret
donor n. 기증자
doctrine n. 교리/주의 : DOGMA : one that gives, donates, or presents something
: a principle or position or the body of principles in a legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor
branch of knowledge or system of belief
doctrine : heretical :: course : errant doodle v. 무의미한 낙서를 끄적거리다
doctrine : heterodox :: course : errant : do an aimless or casual scribble, design, or sketch
draw : doodle :: travel : ramble
dodder v. 비틀거리다 walk : amble :: draw : doodle
: to progress feebly and unsteadily
dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly dose n/v. 1회 복용량/복용시키다
dose : medicine :: ration : food
doff v. 벗다 dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment
: to remove (an article of wear) from the body
doff ↔ don dote v. 맹목적으로 좋아하다
46
: to be lavish or excessive in one's attention, fondness, droll ↔ grave

or affection
upbraid : reproach :: dote : like(>) droplet n. 작은 물방울
: a tiny drop (as of a liquid)
dour adj. 말없이 뚱한/가혹한/고집 센 : STERN, droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide
HARSH
: harshly uninviting or formidable in manner or drudgery n. 고역
appearance : dull, irksome, and fatiguing work
: stubbornly unyielding : uninspiring or menial labor
dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness(#) drudgery ↔ rewarding work
dour : tractable :: bumptious : humbleness(#)
dour ↔ congenial/genial dryad n. 나무·숲의 요정 : WOOD NYMPH
voluble ↔ dour
dubious adj. 의심스러운
downpour n. 억수 같은 비 : questionable or suspect as to true nature or quality
: a heavy rain disaffected : contentment :: dubious : conviction
downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion dubious ↔ certain
doyen n. 고참자 dulcet adj. 감미로운

: the senior member of a body or group : pleasing to the ear
eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated cacophonous ↔ dulcet/euphonious
off-key ↔ dulcet
doze v. 꾸벅꾸벅 졸다
: to sleep lightly and intermittently dull adj. 둔한/지루한
doze : sleep :: nudge : prod(<) : lacking brilliance or luster
: arousing no interest or curiosity
draconian adj. 가혹한/엄격한 : CRUEL, SEVERE tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth
: exceedingly harsh; very severe brilliance ↔ dullness
draconian : inclemency :: fretful : vexation perspicuous ↔ dull
palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity resplendent ↔ dull
draconian ↔ indulgent/mild trenchant ↔ vague/dull
draconian ↔ lenient
dullard n. 얼간이
draw v. (사람,주의,흥미)를 끌다 : a stupid or unimaginative person
draw : penchant :: ??
dupe n/v. 잘 속는 놈/~속이다 : FOOL
drawl v. 느리게 말하다 : one that is easily deceived or cheated
: to utter in a slow lengthened tone : to deceive (an unwary person)
inch : move :: drawl : speak reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe
pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity
/drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimless perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist
dreary adj. 음울한 : GLOOMY, DISMAL dwelling n. 주거

: having nothing likely to provide cheer, comfort, or : a shelter (as a house) in which people live
interest deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling
jocund ↔ dreary potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling
drivel v. 쓸데없는 말을 해대다 dynamo n. 발전기

: to utter in an infantile or imbecilic way : a generator, especially one for producing direct current
nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast dynamo : retard :: ??
exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel
dyspeptic adj. 화 잘 내는 : INDIGESTION
drizzle n. 이슬비 : of or displaying a morose disposition
: a fine misty rain genial ↔ dyspeptic
deluge ↔ drizzle
droll adj. 우스꽝스러운

: having a humorous, whimsical, or odd quality
grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh
47
E : brilliant or conspicuous success

éclat ↔ fiasco
eclectic adj. 취사 선택의

eaglet n. 독수리 새끼 : selecting what appears to be best in various doctrines,
eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal methods, or styles
earmark v. [특정목적을 위해]따로두다 eclipse n. 명예의 실추

: to designate (as funds) for a specific use or owner : a falling into obscurity or decline
earmark: funds :: schedule : time eclipse : prestige :: enervation : vigor
earnest adj. 진지한 ecstatic adj. 황홀경에 빠진

: characterized by or proceeding from an intense and : of relating to, or marked by ecstasy
serious state of mind pleasure : ecstasy :: surprise : astonishment
facetious ↔ earnest ecstatic ↔ preserved
earplug n. 귀마개 ecumenical adj. 전세계 기독교의/보편적인

: device of pliable material for insertion into the outer : worldwide or general in extent, influence, or
opening of the ear (as to keep out water or deaden application
sound) ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity
earplug : noise :: shield : impact diocesan/parochial ↔ ecumenical
shield : shaft :: earplug : noise provincial/insular ↔ ecumenical
ecumenical ↔ circumscribed
earshot n. 청음 거리
: the range within which the unaided voice may be eddy n. 반주류
heard : a current of water or air running contrary to the main
earshot : hear :: ken : see current
stream : eddy :: trend : anomaly
earsplitting adj. 귀청이 찢어질 듯한
: distressingly loud or shrill edifice n. 대건축물
earsplitting : voice :: ?? : a large or massive structure
tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier
earthshaking adj. 아주 중요한 : MOMENTOUS, buttress : edifice :: splint : limb
CONSEQUENTIAL blueprint : edifice :: syllabus : course
: of great importance
earthshaking ↔ trivial/inconsequential efface v. 눈에 띄지 않게 하다
: to make (oneself) modestly or shyly inconspicuous
eavesdrop v. 도청하다 alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface(#)
: to listen secretly to the private conversation of others blazon ↔ efface
hear : eavesdrop :: follow : shadow efface ↔ aggrandize
efface ↔ bring to prominent
ebullience n. 넘치는 정열 : EXUBERANCE efface ↔ emboss
: the quality of lively or enthusiastic expression of
thoughts or feelings effectual adj. 효과적인/약빨 있는 : EFFECTIVE
ebullience ↔ impassiveness/lifelessness : producing or able to produce a desired effect
ebullience ↔ torpor effectual ↔ unproductive
ebullient ↔ torpid
effervesce v. 열광하다/거품이 일다
eccentric n. 괴짜 : to show liveliness or exhilaration
: an eccentric person effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger
hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional effervesce ↔ be flat
eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated effervescent ↔ still/droop
echelon n. 지휘 계층 effete adj. 활기 없는

: one of a series of levels or grades in an organization or : having lost character, vitality, or strength
field of activity effete ↔ hale
echelon : hierarchy :: ??
effluvium n. 부산물
éclat n. 대성공 : a by-product especially in the form of waste
48
effluvia ↔ desired products elevate v. 승진시키다 : EXALT

: to raise in rank or status
effulgent adj. 눈부신 : BRILLIANT debasement ↔ elevation
: radiant splendor
bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence(=) elicit v. 이끌어내다
: to draw forth or bring out
effusive adj. 지나치게 감정적인/분출하는 evoke ↔ fail to elicit
: characterized or formed by a nonexplosive outpouring
of lava elitism n. 엘리트주의
gush : effusive :: rage : irate : leadership or rule by an elite
emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious
emotion : effusive :: manner : grandiose ellipsis n. 생략
effusive ↔ reticent/listless apostrophes : word :: ellipsis : sentence
egocentric adj. 자기 중심의 elliptical adj. 알기 어려운

: concerned with the individual rather than society : of or relating to deliberate obscurity (as of literary or
altruism ↔ egocentrism conversational style)
elliptical ↔ palpable
elaborate adj/v. 정교한/자세히 설명하다
: marked by complexity, fullness of detail, or ornateness elongate v. 연장하다
: to expand something in detail : to extend the length of
fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness elongate ↔ shorten/truncate
equivocate : directness :: elaborate : sketchy
abstract ↔ elaborate elude v. 회피하다/이해되지않다
: to avoid adroitly
elastic adj. 탄력 있는 : FLEXIBLE : to escape the perception, understanding, or grasp of
: capable of being easily stretched or expanded and
resuming former shape elucidate v. 명료하게 설명하다
ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch : to give a clarifying explanation
elastic : expand :: viable : live garble ↔ elucidate
obfuscate ↔ elucidate/illuminate/explain clearly
elated adj. 의기양양한 : EXULTANT
: marked by high spirits emaciate v. 야위게 하다/쇠약하게 하다
elated ↔ despondent : to cause to lose flesh so as to become very thin
elation ↔ dejection emaciate invigorate
elate ↔ depress
hangdog ↔ elated emanate v. 발산하다
elation ↔ sullenness : to come out from a source
elation ↔ wretchedness
emancipate v. 해방하다
eleemosynary adj. 자선의 emancipate ↔ shackle
: of, relating to, or supported by charity emancipation ↔ bondage
philanthropist : eleemosynary :: ?? emancipate ↔ lasso
elegant adj. 품위 있는 : SPLENDID embargo n. 통상 금지

: of a high grade or quality : a legal prohibition on commerce
insolent ↔ polite elegant embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact
elegy n. 애가 embark v. 착수하다

: a song or poem expressing sorrow or lamentation : to make a start
especially for one who is dead conclude ↔ embark on
satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow debut : career :: embarkment : journey
elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence
elegy : sorrow :: hymn：praise embarrass v. 난처하게 만들다
catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment(>)
elephantine adj. 거대한 : MASSIVE embarrass : shame :: console : comfort
: having enormous size or strength unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded :
microscopic ↔ elephantine announcement
disembarrassment : engagement :: ??
49
: strive to equal or excel

embed v. 깊이 새겨두다 emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary
: to enclose closely in or as if in a matrix emulate : exemplar :: admire : paragon
waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter(#)
embed ↔ extract emulous adj. 지지 않으려는
: eager or ambitious to equal or surpass another
embezzle v. 횡령하다
: to appropriate (as property entrusted to one's care) enact v. 제정하다
fraudulently to one's own use : to establish by legal and authoritative act;
embezzle : funds :: usurp : power specifically :to make (as a bill) into law
nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud rescission ↔ enactment
smuggler : import :: embezzler : appropriate
enamel n. 치과용 에나멜질
embolden v. 대담해지다 : a hard calcareous substance that forms a thin layer
: to instill with boldness or courage capping the teeth
appall ↔ embolden/nerve enamel : tooth :: bark : tree
embolden ↔ abash/faze/cow skin/rind : apple :: bark : tree
boggle ↔ embolden corn : husk :: orange : rind
embolden ↔ daunt
enclosure n. 울타리
embrace n/v. 포옹/받아들이다 : HUG : something that encloses
: a close encircling with the arms and pressure to the stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support
bosom especially as a sign of affection
: to take up especially readily or gladly encomium n. 찬사
embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference : glowing and warmly enthusiastic praise
abrogate ↔ embrace encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil
eschew ↔ embrace encomium ↔ harsh criticism
abjure ↔ embrace/espouse
ostracize ↔ include/embrace encompass v. 포함하다/포위하다 : ENCLOSE
spurn ↔ court/crave/embrace : to constitute or include
encompass ↔ exclude
emigrate v. 이민 가다
: to leave one's place of residence or country to live encounter n. 조우
elsewhere : to come upon face-to-face
repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification(#) circumlocution ↔ direct encounter
eminence n. 저명/고귀한 놈 encumbrance n. 방해물 : IMPEDIMENT

: one that is eminent, prominent, or lofty : something that encumbers
master/maven : experience :: luminary : eminence encumber ↔ remove impediment
eminent ↔ undistinguished
encyclopedia n. 백과 사전
emit v. 내뿜다 : a comprehensive reference work containing articles on
: to give or send out (matter or energy) a wide range of subjects or on numerous aspects of a
emit absorb particular field, usually arranged alphabetically
encyclopedia : compendious :: assay : objective
emollient n. (피부)연화제 encyclopedia : compendious :: summary : condensed
: something that softens or soothes encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract :
emollient : soothe :: dynamo : generate concise/condensed
emollient : suppleness :: desiccant: dryness
endorse v. 승인하다/배서하다
emphasis n. 강조 : to approve openly especially :to express support or
: special consideration of or stress or insistence on approval of publicly and definitely
something rider : bill :: endorsement : policy
underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership endow : income :: endorse : approval
endorse ↔ oppose publicly
empty-handed adj. 빈손의/아무 소득없는 impugn ↔ endorse
: having acquired or gained nothing
enduring adj. 영구적인 : LASTING, DURABLE
emulate v. 필적하다/열심히 모방하다 ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch
50
ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living ennui ↔ exuberance

transitory : endure :: immutable : change
transitory ↔ enduring enrapture v. 기뻐서 어쩔 줄 모르다 : RAPTURE
: to fill with delight or rapture
enervate v. 약화시키다 enraptured ↔ indifferent
: to lessen the vitality or strength of enraptured ↔ distracted
enervation : vitality :: debase : value
curtail : period :: enervate : energy ensconce v. [편안히, 안전하게] 자리잡다/숨겨두다
eclipse : prestige :: enervation/enfeeble : vigor : to settle (oneself) securely or comfortably
dispirit : morale :: enervate : strength : to place or conceal in a secure place
enervate : vigor :: palliate : nerve ensconce ↔ dislodge
enervate ↔ invigorate
enervate ↔ fortify/strengthen enslave v. 예속시키다 : SUBJUGATE
: to reduce to or as if to slavery
enfeeble v. 약화시키다 manumit ↔ enslave
: to make feeble; deprive of strength
eclipse : prestige :: enervation/enfeeble : vigor ensuing adj. 뒤이어 일어나는
enfeeble ↔ invigorate : to take place afterward or as a result
tonic ↔ enfeebling anterior ↔ ensuing
follow : 뒤따르다, 다음에 오다.
enfranchise v. 참정권을 주다/해방하다 ensue, result : 결과로서 일어나다. ensue는 격식 차린 말.
: to set free (as from slavery) succeed : 지위·직책 등을 이어받다.
: to endow with a franchise
enfranchise : vote :: license : practice entangle v. 뒤얽히게 하다
enfranchise ↔ enfetter : to wrap or twist together
enfranchise ↔ subjugate disentangle ↔ snarl
engender v. 야기시키다 : PRODUCE enthusiasm n. 열정 : ARDOR

: to cause to exist or to develop : strong excitement of feeling
quash ↔ engender : something inspiring zeal or fervor
ennui : enthusiastic :: fervent : apathetic(#)
engross v. [마음,관심]을 빼앗다/몰두시키다 enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia
: to take or engage the whole attention of reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm(>)
engrossed : absorbed :: intimate : close(=) ennui ↔ energy/enthusiasm
enigmatic adj. 수수께끼 같은/불가사의한 : entice v. 유혹/선동하다 : TEMPT

MYSTERIOUS : to attract artfully or adroitly or by arousing hope or
: of, relating to, or resembling an enigma desire
enigmatic : simplistic :: ?? command : entreaty :: goad : enticement(>)
enigmatic ↔ broadly known enticing : tempt :: affectionate : love
enigmatic ↔ readily understandable formidable ↔ enticing
enlarger v. 확대[확장]하다 entrance v. 황홀하게 하다

: to become larger : to carry away with delight, wonder, or rapture
enlarger ↔ shorten entrancing ↔ disappoint/disgust/repel/repulse/bore
unprepossessing ↔ entrancing/winsome
enlighten v. 계몽하다 : INSTRUCT
: to furnish knowledge to entrap v. 함정에 빠뜨리다
equivocation : coax :: explanation : enlighten : to catch in or as if in a trap
vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied
ennoble v. 고상하게 하다 : ELEVATE vigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulled
: to make noble
entreaty n. 간청/탄원 : PLEA
ennui n. 권태/따분함 : BOREDOM : an act of entreating
: a feeling of weariness and dissatisfaction command : entreaty :: goad : enticement
ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat
ennui : enthusiastic :: somnolence : alert
ennui ↔ energy/enthusiasm entry n. 기재 사항
ennui ↔ keen interest : a descriptive record (as in a card catalog or an index)
51
journal : entries :: run : performance : marked by lack of noticeable, unpleasant, or extreme

variation or inequality
enumerate v. 열거하다 : LIST equable ↔ intemperate
: to specify one after another
equipoise n. 균형
enunciate v. 명확히 말하다 : ARTICULATE : a state of equilibrium
: to make a definite or systematic statement of equipoise : vacillate :: ??
waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter(#)
enunciate ↔ mumble equity n. 공평/공정
: justice according to natural law or right; specifically :
envision v. 마음에 그리다/상상하다 freedom from bias or favoritism
: to picture in the mind illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution
equitable ↔ discriminatory/unfair
ephemeral adj. 덧없는
: lasting a very short time equivocal adj. 애매한
convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience : subject to two or more interpretations and usually
ephemeral : endure :: inelastic : stretch used to mislead or confuse
ephemeral : transience :: permanent : perpetually(=) equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth
repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure(#) equivocation : coax :: explanation : enlighten
ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility(#) equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyed
ephemeral ↔ permanent/perpetual equivocation : misleading :: cliche : hackneyed
equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense
epic adj. 웅장한/영웅적인 equivocation : truth :: obfuscation : clarity
: heroic and impressive in quality equivocation : truth :: delicacy : offence
epic ↔ modest equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous
equivocate : commitment :: procrastinate : action
epicure n. 미식가 equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal
: one with sensitive and discriminating tastes especially fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness
in food or wine grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive
epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching amorphous : shape :: equivocal : meaning
sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating waffle ↔ speak unequivocally
discerner : acute :: epicure : discrimating equivocate ↔ communicate straightforwardly
equivocation ↔ clarity
epigram n. 경구
: a concise poem dealing pointedly and often satirically erect adj/v. 똑바로 선/세우다
with a single thought or event and often ending with an suspend ↔ erect
ingenious turn of thought prostrate ↔ erect
exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram slouch ↔ stand erect
paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise
erode v. 침식하다
epilogue n. 결말 : CODA : to diminish or destroy by degrees
: a concluding section that rounds out the design of a accrete : growth :: erode : destruction
literary downpour : flooding :: wind : erosion
dessert : meal :: epilogue : play gully : erosion :: callus : friction
dessert : meal :: coda : sonata singe : incineration :: erode : destruction
terminus : stop :: epilogue : story deposit ↔ process of eroding
epilogue : prose:: finale : music
preface ↔ epilogue errant adj. 벗어난/방황하는
: deviating from a standard (as of truth or propriety)
epistemology n. 인식론 amorphous : shape :: errant : course
: the study or a theory of the nature and grounds of doctrine : heretical :: course : errant
knowledge especially with reference to its limits and
validity erratic adj. 변덕스러운/괴이한 : WANDERING
aesthetics : beauty :: epistemology : knowledge : having no fixed or regular course; wandering.
: lacking consistency, regularity, or uniformity
epitomize v. 축약/요약하다 : deviating from the customary course in conduct or
: to serve as the typical or ideal example of opinion
heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent
equable adj. [성격]조용한/한결같은
52
erudite adj. 박식한 :LEARNED ethereal adj. 무형의/천상의 : IMMATERIAL,

: possessing or displaying erudition INTANGIBLE
erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect : lacking material substance
prescience : future :: erudition : esoterica ethereal ↔ material/ponderous
outspoken : saucy :: erudite : pedantic ponderous ↔ ethereal/gossamer/lively
erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unlettered ethereal ↔ worldly
erudite ↔ ignorant/unlettered
erudite ↔ illiterate ethics n. 윤리학
: the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and
escalate v. 단계적으로 확대하다 with moral duty and obligation
: to increase in extent, volume, number, amount, logic : reasoning :: ethics : behavior
intensity, or scope
escalate ↔ diminish eulogize v. 찬양하다 : EXTOL
escalate ↔ ebb : to speak or write in high praise of
encomiast : eulogize :: quibbler : cavil
eschew v. (행위 등을)삼가다 : SHUN panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize
: to avoid habitually especially on moral or practical eulogy : admiration :: hymn : praise
grounds quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech
eschew ↔ embrace eulogize ↔ pan
eulogy ↔ stricture
esoteric adj. 난해한/비전의
: designed for or understood by the specially initiated euphemism n. 완곡 어법
alone : the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive
esoteric ↔ common accepted expression for one that may offend or suggest
esoteric ↔ generally known something unpleasant
espouse v. 신봉하다/지지하다 /obfuscation : clarity
: to take up and support as a cause euphemism : offend :: invulnerability : injure
: to take in marriage euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse
lurk：concealment :: espouse：marriage
abjure ↔ embrace/espouse euphonious adj. 듣기 좋은
: pleasing or agreeable to the ear
esteem n. 존경/존중 cacophonous ↔ dulcet/euphonious
: to set a high value on
: regard highly and prize accordingly euphoria n. 행복감
esteem : idolatry :: favor : bribe : a feeling of well-being or elation
desire : covet :: esteem : idolize(<) satisfaction : euphoria :: ??
stigma ↔ mark of esteem
odium ↔ esteem evacuate v. 철수하다/피난 시키다
esteem ↔ abomination : to relinquish military possession or occupation of (a
respect : 가치 있는 것에 대한 찬양에서 나오는 존경. town, for example)
esteem : 존경하는 마음을 품은 경의. : to withdraw or send away (troops or inhabitants) from
reverence : 신성한 것을 대하는 것과 같은 깊은 경의. a threatened area
veneration : 숭배에 가까운 존경. evacuate ↔ conquer
estimable adj. 존경할 만한 evade v. 회피하다

: deserving of esteem : to avoid answering directly ; turn aside
estimable ↔ contemptible evade : answer :: goldbrick : work
estrange v. 이간시키다 : ALIENATE evanescent adj. 순간의/덧없는

: to arouse especially mutual enmity or indifference in : tending to vanish like vapor
where there had formerly been love, affection, or evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency
friendliness evanescent : disappear :: pliant : yield
estrangement ↔ rapprochement {transparent : penetrate}는 답아님!
evanescent : vanish :: consistent : perpetuate
etch v. 식각(하다) cacophonous ↔ dulcet/euphonious
: a chemical agent used in etching abiding ↔ evanescent
etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive
evasive adj. 책임 회피의
53
: tending or intended to evade

excerpt n. 발췌록 : EXTRACT
everlasting adj. 영속적인 : ETERNAL : a passage or segment taken from a longer work, such
: lasting or enduring through all time as a literary or musical composition, a document, or a
countless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number film
:: everlasting/interminable : duration aside : digression :: summary : excerpt
everlasting ↔ ephemeral
exclaim v. (감탄,흥분하여)외치다
evict v. 퇴거 시키다 : EXPEL : to express or utter (something) suddenly or
: to put (a tenant) out by legal process vehemently
deportation : country :: eviction : dwelling exclaim : utter :: flare : shine
evict : residence :: banish : country
harbor ↔ evict excoriate v. 심하게 비난하다
: to censure scathingly
evince v. 분명히 나타내다 excoriate ↔ extol/praise lavishly
: to show or demonstrate clearly
evince ↔ keep hidden excrete v. 배설하다/분비하다
: to separate and eliminate or discharge (waste) from
evoke v. 불러일으키다 the blood or tissues or from the active protoplasm
: to call forth or up stomach : ingest :: lung : respiration
to bring to mind or recollection excrete ↔ ingest
evoke ↔ fail to elicit
evoke ↔ repress excruciating adj. 엄청 고통스런
: intensely painful
exacerbate v. 악화하다 gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful(>)
: to make more violent, bitter, or severe
palliate/mitigate ↔ exacerbate exculpate v. 무죄로 면하게 하다
: to clear from alleged fault or guilt
exacting adj. 요구가 가혹한/엄격한 exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir(=)
: tryingly or unremittingly severe in making demands hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve(=)
: requiring careful attention and precision alibi : exculpatory :: warning : admonitory(=)
vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive
vigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulled exculpate ↔ inculpate
exaggerate v. 과장하다 : OVEREMPHASIZE excursive adj. 본론에서 벗어난

: to enlarge or increase especially beyond the normal : of, given to, characterized by, or having the nature of
anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole digression
exaggeration : caricature :: brevity : epigram digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant
malicious : ill will :: exaggerating : hyperbole
pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature execrate v. 혐오하다/저주하다 : DENOUNCE
: to declare to be evil or detestable
exalt v. (지위,명성)높이다/칭찬하다 : GLORIFY execrate：denounce :: exemplify：imitate
: to elevate by praise or in estimation execrable ↔ commendable/laudable
exalt : satisfaction :: bore : weariness(=) execration ↔ sanction
exaltation ↔ condemnation execrate exalt
exalt ↔ pillory execrate extol
exalted ↔ humble execrate laud
exasperate v. 분개 시키다 : ENRAGE execute v. 실행하다

: to excite the anger of : to carry out fully
: put completely into effect
excavate v. ~을 파다/발굴하다 impossible : execute :: adamant : move
: to expose to view by or as if by digging away a vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute
covering
excavate ↔ fill in exemplary adj. 모방할 만한 : COMMENDABLE
: deserving imitation
exceptional adj. 예외적인 emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary
: deviating from the norm exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame
prosaic ↔ exceptional/imaginary/exciting exemplary : imitation :: redoubtable : regard
54
exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence to talk

exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt expansive ↔ reserved/diffident
expansive ↔ malicious
exemplify v. ~의 예가 되다 expansive ↔ taciturn/withdrawn/limited
: to be an instance of or serve as an example
harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify expedite v. 촉진시키다
corrective : amends :: paradigm : exemplify : to accelerate the process or progress of
expedite : process :: accelerate : pace
exempt v. 면제하다 maladroit : deft :: expedite : foot-dragging(#)
: free or released from some liability or requirement to expedite ↔ retard
which others are subject
exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty expedition n. 신속 : SPEED
: efficient promptness
exert v. 애쓰다/발휘하다 expedition ↔ foot dragging
: to bring to bear especially with sustained effort or
lasting effect expire v. 숨을 거두다 : DIE
: to breathe one's last breath
exhaust v. 다 써 버리다/철저히 규명하다 : USE UP expire come to life
: to consume entirely
: to treat completely; cover thoroughly explicate v. 명쾌한 설명을 하다
infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap : to give a detailed explanation of ; analyze logically
exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting
explicit adj. 명백한/숨김없는
exhilarate v. 기분을 들뜨게 하다 : fully revealed or expressed without vagueness,
: to make cheerful implication, or ambiguity
exhilarate ↔ sadden explicit ↔ obscure
immanent ↔ explicit
exhortation n. 간곡한 권고
: language intended to incite and encourage exponent n. 주창자
exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit : one that champions, practices, or exemplifies
exhortative : urge :: didactic : teach exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass
exhortative : motivation :: grating : irksomeness
exhortation : motivate :: obloquy : discredit expurgate v. [검열하여]삭제하다
: to cleanse of something morally harmful, offensive, or
exodus v. 대탈출 :EMIGRATION erroneous
: a mass departure : to expunge objectionable parts from before publication
exodus ↔ influx or presentation
vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate
exonerate v. 무죄임을 증명하다
: to clear from accusation or blame extant adj. 현존하는
exonerate : blame :: disentangle : snarl : currently or actually existing
exoneration : blame : veto : assent extant ↔ extinct
exonerate ↔ censure extant ↔ lost
exonerate ↔ inculpate extant ↔ missing
incrimination ↔ exoneration extant ↔ destroyed
exorbitant adj. 과대한/터무니없는 extemporize v. 즉흥적으로 하다

: exceeding in intensity, quality, amount, or size the : to do or perform (something) without prior preparation
customary or appropriate limits or practice
exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization :
spontaneous
exotic adj. 이국적인/흥미를 끌 정도로 색다른 extemporization : rehearsal :: honesty : guilt(#)
: from another part of the world extemporize ↔ follow a script
: strikingly, excitingly, or mysteriously different or
unusual extenuate v. 경감하다/정상을 참작하다 : MITIGATE
exotic ↔ indigenous : to lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent
of by making partial excuses
expansive adj. 개방적인 : OPEN moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness
: characterized by high spirits, generosity, or readiness buffer : impact :: extenuate : circumstance
55
extenuating ↔ aggravating : to undergo diffusion

exude ↔ absorb
exterminate v. 근절하다
: to get rid of completely usually by killing off exultant adj. 크게 기뻐하는 : JUBILANT
: filled with or expressing great joy or triumph
extinct adj. 멸종된 exult : satisfaction :: crave : longing
: no longer existing abject ↔ exultant
extant ↔ extinct dejected ↔ exultant
extinct ↔ resuscitated
extinction ↔ perpetuation
extinguish v. 끄다 : QUENCH
: to cause to cease burning
extinguish ↔ kindle
ignite ↔ extinguish
extol v. 격찬하다 : GLORIFY

: to praise highly
deprecate ↔ extol
excoriate ↔ extol/praise lavishly
extol ↔ censure/despise/vilify
extol ↔ disparage
extol ↔ malign
extort v. 강제로 탈취하다 : WRING

: to obtain from a person by force, intimidation, or
undue or illegal power
sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation
extort : obtain :: ??
extraneous adj. 관계없는/이질적인/외부에서 파생한

: not forming an essential or vital part
: having no relevance
apposite ↔ extraneous
extraneous ↔ essential
extraneous ↔ intuitive
extravagant adj. 낭비하는/터무니없는

: spending much more than necessary
: lacking in moderation, balance, and restraint
rebellious : antiestablishment :: extravagant : undue
frugality ↔ extravagancy
extravagant ↔ parsimonious
extricate v. (난국)에서 구출하다

: to free or remove from an entanglement or difficulty
extrovert n. 외향적인 사람
: a gregarious and unreserved person
extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist :: exacting
exuberant adj. 풍부한/기분 만빵인

: joyously unrestrained and enthusiastic
: produced in extreme abundance
ennui ↔ exuberance
soaked/drenched : wet/damp :: exuberant : happy(>)
exude v. 스며 나오다
56
F : lacking courage or resolution
fallacy n. 그릇된 생각/궤변

: a statement or an argument based on a false or invalid
fable n. 우화 inference
fable : tale :: ditty : song disabuse : fallacy :: cure : disease
fallacy ↔ valid argument/valid reasoning
fabricate v. 조작하다 verifiable ↔ fallacious
: to make up for the purpose of deception fallacious ↔ sound/valid/veritable
discompose : pacific :: fabricate : authentic(#)
irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous falsehood n. 허위
: absence of truth or accuracy
facetious adj. 진지하지 않은/우스꽝스러운 : corroborate : evidence :: calumniate : falsehood
WAGGISH
: meant to be humorous or funny ; not serious falter v. 주저하다
facetious : speech :: antic : behavior : to hesitate in purpose or action
facetious ↔ earnest falter : act :: stammer : speak
facetious ↔ lugubrious
fantasy n. 공상/환상
facile adj. 피상적인/손쉬운 : SPECIOUS, : imaginative fiction featuring especially strange settings
SUPERFICIAL and grotesque
: readily manifested, together with an aura of insincerity nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy(=)
and lack of depth imperial : significant :: grotesque : fantastic(>)
: easily accomplished or attained
facile : profundity :: ?? fanatic n. 광신자
facile ↔ profound : marked by excessive enthusiasm and often intense
shallowness ↔ profundity uncritical devotion
arduous ↔ facile fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent(>)
fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper(>)
facilitate v. 용이하게 하다
: to make easier ; help bring about far-fetched adj. 억지로 갖다 붙힌 : IMPROBABLE
facilitate ↔ impeding : not easily or naturally deduced or introduced
obstruct ↔ facilitate far-fetched ↔ natural
hamper ↔ facilitate
facilitate ↔ thwart farce n. 익살 광대극
: ridiculous or empty show
faction n. 파당 : CLIQUE farce : performance :: limerick : poem
: a party or group (as within a government) that is often
contentious or self-seeking fascinate v. 매혹하다
expedition : foot-dragging :: consensus : factionalism : to hold an intense interest or attraction for
consensus : factionalism :: clarity : confusion(#) fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness(>)
law : criminality :: consensus : factionalism
factional ↔ disinterested fast n/adj. 단식/고정된/요새 같은
faction ↔ unity : the act to eat sparingly or abstain from some foods
: firmly fixed or fastened
fade v. 희미해지다 : fixed firmly in place
fast : eat :: respite : labor
fail-safe n. 안전장치 fast : eat :: moratorium : activity
: incorporating some feature for automatically fast ↔ loosely attach
counteracting the effect of an anticipated possible fastness ↔ unsecured place
source of failure fastness ↔ deliberate action
fail-safe : malfunction :: ??
fasten v. 잠그다/고정시키다
faint adj. 희미한/활기 없는 : to attach especially by pinning, tying, or nailing
: lacking strength or vigor : performed, offered, or lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten
accomplished weakly or languidly
stentorian ↔ faint fastidious adj. 까다로운
: having high and often capricious standards : difficult to
fainthearted adj. 소심한 : TIMID please
57
: showing or demanding excessive delicacy or care

devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious(<) fecund adj. 다산의 : PROLIFIC
fastidious : outshine :: recalcitrant : resist : capable of producing offspring or vegetation; fruitful.
dapper : fastidious :: ?? : marked by intellectual productivity
fastidious ↔ coarse
fastidious ↔ easygoing/cursory/uncritical feeble adj. 연약한
: markedly lacking in strength
fateful adj. 결정적으로 중요한 : indicating weakness
: involving momentous consequences hardy ↔ tender/feeble
fateful ↔ inconsequential
feign v. ~인 체하다/가장하다 : PRETEND,
fathom v. 간파하다/수심을 재다 DISSEMBLE
: to measure by a sounding line : to give a false appearance of
: to penetrate and come to understand : induce as a false impression
erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect : to assert as if true
measurable ↔ unfathomable virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned
occult ↔ bare/patent/readily fathomable feigned ↔ plainspoken
fatigue n. 피로 fender n. 완충 장치
fatigue : rest :: dehydration : water : a device that protects
guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose fender : collision :: ??
indefatigable ↔ soon tired
feral adj. 야생의 : WILD
factitious adj. 억지로 하는 : not domesticated or cultivated
: produced by humans rather than by natural forces feral ↔ cultivated
fatuous adj. 얼빠진/바보의 : SILLY ferment n. 효모/동요 : AGITATION

: complacently or inanely foolish : a state of unrest
fatuous ↔ astute ferment tranquility
fawn v/n. 알랑거리다/새끼 사슴 fertilize v. 비옥하게 하다

: to court favor by a cringing or flattering manner : to make fertile
: a young deer fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist
adulate : fawn :: woo : adorn(>)
condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn(=) fervid adj. 열정적인r
imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger : marked by great passion or zeal
fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger fervid ↔ restrained
fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness fervid ↔ impassive
fawn : imperiousness :: elaborate : sketchy
miser : hoard :: dandy : preen fervor n. 열정
sycophant : fawn :: pundit : opine : intensity of feeling or expression
obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield ennui : enthusiastic :: fervor : apathetic
parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift
reprobate : misbehave:: sycophant : fawn zealotry ↔ lack of fervor
eaglet : bird :: fawn : mammal fervor/favor indifference
fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful
fetid adj. 악취가 나는
faze v. 당황케 하다/풀 죽게 하다 : DISCONCERT, : having a heavy offensive smell
DAUNT grating : sound :: fetid : smell
: to disturb the composure of fetid : smell :: ugly : appearance
embolden ↔ abash/faze/cow
fazed ↔ undisturbed fetter n/v. 속박(하다)
: to restrain from motion, action, or progress
feckless adj. 쓸모없는/무능한/무책임한 : WEAK, enfranchise ↔ enfetter
INEFFECTIVE liberalistic ↔ enfetterist
: lacking purpose or vitality fetter ↔ release
: careless and irresponsible fetter ↔ loose
feckless ↔ responsible
feckless ↔ responsive fiasco n. 대실패
58
: a complete failure flag ↔ wax

fiasco ↔ a notable success/éclat
flam n. 거짓/사기
fictitious adj. 허구의 : IMAGINARY : a lie or hoax
: of, relating to, or characteristic of fiction flam ↔ true story
fictitious ↔ factual
flamboyant adj. 화려한/현란한
fidget v. 안절부절못하다 : marked by or given to strikingly elaborate or colorful
: to move or act restlessly or nervously display or behavior
fidget : nervousness :: cringe : dread furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve
flamboyant ↔ understated/subdued(1순위)
fidelity n. 충실/충성 flamboyant ↔ natural(2순위)
: the quality or state of being faithful
respect : baseness :: trust : infidelity(#) flange n. 가장자리/불룩한 테두리
apostasy ↔ fidelity : a projecting edge of cloth used for decoration on
clothing
figurative adj. 비유적인 : EMBLEMATIC
: representing by a figure or resemblance flannel n. 플란넬 천
figurative ↔ literal : outer garments of flannel
flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric
filibuster n. 의사진행방해
: the use of obstructionist tactics, especially prolonged flatter v. 아첨하다
speechmaking, for the purpose of delaying legislative : to praise excessively especially from motives of self-
action interest
filibuster : legislation :: blockade : commerce flattery : praise :: loquaciousness : talkativeness(>)
filibuster : delay :: anodyne : relieve sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation
scorn : reject :: disparage : ignore
filigree n. 매우 섬세[정교/우아]한 것[무늬] sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation
: an intricate, delicate, or fanciful ornamentation toady : flatter :: ??
chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy castigate ↔ flatter
chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy
chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : intricacy flaw n. 흠
: a defect in physical structure or form
filly n. 암 망아지 glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offense
filly : horse :: pullet : chicken impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile(#)
filter n. 여과기 flax n. 아마 섬유

winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities clay : porcelain :: flax : linen
finch n. 되새류 fledge v. 깃털이 나다/독립할 만큼 컸다

: any of numerous songbirds having a short stout : to acquire the feathers necessary for flight or
usually conical bill adapted for crushing seeds independent activity
finch : bird :: arboretum : tree fledging ↔ molt
finesse n. 솜씨/술책 fleeting adj. 순식간의

: skillful handling of a situation : adroit maneuvering : passing swiftly
gauche : finesse :: spontaneous：planning(#) fleeting : pass :: meteoric : rise
finesse ↔ ineptitude perennial ↔ fleeting
finicky adj. 몹시 까다로운 flexible adj. 나긋나긋한 : PLIANT, TRACTABLE

: extremely or excessively nice, exacting, or meticulous : yielding to influence
in taste or standards : characterized by a ready capability to adapt to new,
different, or changing requirements
flaccid adj. 축 늘어진/연약한 adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control
: not firm or stiff limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty(=)
flaccidity ↔ firmness static : moving :: pliable : inflexible(#)
flexibility : spinelessness :: courage : daredevilry(<)
flagging adj. 축 늘어진/쇠퇴하는 : LANGUID, WEAK calcification ↔ flexibility
flagging ↔ thriving/vibrant flexible ↔ mulish
59
fluctuate v. 동요하다/불규칙적으로 변하다

flit v. 휙 움직이다 : to shift back and forth uncertainly
: to pass quickly or abruptly from one place or condition : to vary irregularly
to another pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation
flit : move :: blurb : utter partial : equalize :: constant : fluctuate(#)
flinch v. 움찔하다/뒤로 물려 삼가다 fluent adj. 유창한 : POLISHED

: to start or wince involuntarily, as from surprise or pain fluent : glib :: humorous : wry
: to recoil, as from something unpleasant or difficult fluent ↔ halting
grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh
solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch fluke n. 뜻밖의 행운/요행
stoic ↔ flinch : a stroke of luck
fluke ↔ predicted occurrence
flint n. 부싯돌
pestle : grind :: flint stone : sharpen flush v. 왈칵 물을 흘리다
: to flow and spread suddenly and freely
flippancy n. 경솔함/무례함 : PERT galvanize : stimulate :: irrigate : flush
: unbecoming levity or pertness especially in respect to
grave or sacred matters fluster v. 당황케 하다 : UPSET
: lacking proper respect or seriousness : to put into a state of agitated confusion
flip : respect :: nonchalant : concern flustered ↔ calm
flip : sincerity :: solicitous : ?
flippancy ↔ seriousness fluvial adj. 하천의
flippancy ↔ gravity fluvial : river :: sidereal : star
flippancy ↔ sobriety
flippant ↔ reverential foible n. 사소한 약점/결점 : WEAKNESS
: a minor flaw or shortcoming in character or behavior
flirt n/v. 쌩 날라리/연애질하다/재빨리 움직이다 squabble : dispute :: foible : failing(<)
: to make playfully romantic or sexual overtures tiff : squabble :: foible : failing(<)
: to move abruptly or jerkily squabble : quarrel :: foible : failing
: one given to flirting
flirt : decency :: ?? foil n/v. 박판/좌절시키다
supplicant : beseeching :: coquette : flirtatious foil : metal :: veneer : wood
flit v. 경쾌하게 움직이다 foliage n. 군엽

: to move about rapidly and nimbly plumage : bird :: foliage : bush
flit : move :: blurt : utter
flit ↔ plod folly n. 어리석음
: a foolish act or idea
flock n/v. 짐승의 떼/떼로 모이다 folly ↔ sagacity
: a group of birds or mammals assembled or herded
together foment v. 조장하다 : ROUSE, INCITE
clique : intimates :: flock : sheep : to promote the growth or development of
herd : animals :: flock : birds conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate
flock ↔ segregate disseminate : information :: foment : discontentment
defuse ↔ foment
flounder v. 허둥대다/실수하다 foment ↔ inhibit
: to proceed or act clumsily or ineffectually foment ↔ pacify
flounder : process :: ?? quell ↔ foment/instigate/rouse
flounder ↔ slide squelch ↔ foment
flourish v. 번창하다 : THRIVE fondness n. 애정

: to grow luxuriantly : tender affection
flourish ↔ wither/waste away fascination : interest :: adoration : fondness(>)
flout v. 모욕하다/경멸하다 : SCORN foolhardy adj. 무모한 : RASH

: to treat with contemptuous disregard : foolishly adventurous and bold
flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge
footloose adj. 속박 없는
60
: having no attachments or ties foster ↔ stifle

dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment
footloose ↔ attached founder v/n. 가라앉다/원조 : SINK
: to sink below the surface of the water
forbidding adj. 무서운 : one that founds or establishes
: having a menacing aspect foundation : building :: root：tree
founder ↔ stay aloft
forebear n. 선조 founder ↔ afloat
forebear ↔ descendants
foundry n. 주물 공장
ford n. 건널 수 있는 얕은 곳 : establishment where metal is melted and poured into
: a shallow place in a body of water, such as a river, molds
where one can cross by walking or riding on an animal mill : grain :: foundry : metal
or in a vehicle blacksmith : foundry :: artist : studio
ford : river :: pass : mountain blacksmith : foundry :: chemist : lab
forestall v. 미리 선수 쳐 방해하다 fracture v. 부서지다 : RUPTURE, TEAR

: to exclude, hinder, or prevent by prior occupation or cement ↔ fracture
measures
forestall ↔ abet fragile adj. 잘 부숴지는
: easily broken or destroyed
forestry n. 임학 fragile : break :: porous : penetrate
tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty
forest : tree :: fur : hair
frail adj. 잘 부숴지는/나약한 : FRAGILE
foreword n. 머리말 : easily broken or destroyed
: prefatory comments (as for a book) especially when frail ↔ not easy to crumb
written by someone other than the author
foreword : introductory :: appellation : designate fraternize v. 친하게 지내다
: to associate with others in a brotherly or congenial way
forgery n. 위조 fraternizing ↔ unrelated to
: the act of forging, especially the illegal production of
something counterfeit fraudulent adj. 사기의 : DECEITFUL
plagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle : characterized by, based on, or done by fraud
authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical(#)
formidable adj. 무시무시한/경외스러운 hoax : fraudulent :: paragon : excellent
: causing fear, dread, or apprehension
: tending to inspire awe or wonder freelancer n. 자유계약자
formidable ↔ comforting : a person who pursues a profession without a long-term
formidable ↔ simple commitment to any one employer
formidable ↔ reassuring nomad : domicile :: freelancer : employer
formidable ↔ enticing
freewheel v. 자유롭게 행동하다
forthright adj. 솔직한/똑바른 : to move, live, or play freely or irresponsibly
: free from ambiguity or evasiveness
: going straight to the point frenetic adj. 열광적인
acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile : wildly excited or active; frantic; frenzied
furtive ↔ open/forthright/brassy energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate(<)
forthright ↔ backhanded frenetic ↔ ?
fortify v. 강화하다 : ENCOURAGE frenzy n. 격분/광란

: to give physical strength, courage, or endurance to : a violent mental or emotional agitation
: to add mental or moral strength to convulsion : contraction :: frenzy : emotion
debilitated ↔ fortified calm : frenzy :: serene : tumultuous(#)
vitiate ↔ fortify calmness : frenzy :: abandon : inhibition
enervate ↔ fortify/strengthen
fresco n. 프레스코 벽화
foster v. 조장하다 : ENCOURAGE fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor
: to promote the growth and development of
61
fret v. 괴롭히다/초조하게 하다 full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound

: to become vexed or worried
draconian : inclemency :: fretting : vexation(=) fulminate v. 맹렬히 비난하다
fret ↔ assuage : to send forth censures or invectives
fretful ↔ pleasing fulminate : criticize :: adulate : flatter(>)
fretful ↔ conforming
fulsome adj. (역겨울 정도로)아첨하는/간사한
friable adj. 부서지기 쉬운 : excessively complimentary or flattering
: easily crumbled or pulverized courageous : bravado :: complimentary :
friable : crumble :: malleable : alter fulsomeness(<)
impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible(#)
friable ↔ not easily crumbled/resistance to be fungi n. 균류
pulverized fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist
friction n. 마찰 furnace n. [용광]노

: the rubbing of one body against another : an enclosed structure in which heat is produced
abraded : friction :: desiccated : dehydration furnace : heat :: generator : electricity
frieze n. (벽)프리즈 장식 furor n. 열광/격노

: a heavy durable coarse wool and shoddy fabric with a : general commotion; public disorder or uproar.
rough surface : violent anger; frenzy.
frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript : fashion adopted enthusiastically by the public; a fad.
: state of intense excitement or ecstasy
frigid adj. 몹시 추운 furor ↔ serenity
: extremely cold
soaking : damp :: frigid : cool(>) furtive adj. 은밀한/수상쩍은 : SURREPTITIOUS,
sweltering ↔ frigid CLANDESTINE
: done by stealth
frivolous adj. 경솔한/하찮은 caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive
: lacking in seriousness /discontent : unsatisfied
: marked by unbecoming levity furtive : open :: flippant : reserved
frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve
frivolous ↔ somber/grave/lugubrious furtive ↔ open/forthright/brassy
furtively ↔ candidly
frothy adj. 거품의/실속 없는
frothy ↔ weighty fury n. 격분
: intense, disordered, and often destructive rage
frowzy adj. 지저분한/케케묵은 effervescence : feeling :: fury : anger
: having a slovenly or uncared-for appearance
dapper ↔ frowzy fuss v. 가탈스럽다/야단 법석하다
frowzy ↔ original/striking : to create or be in a state of restless activity ; to
shower flattering attentions
frugal adj. 절약하는/검소한 assert : belabor :: tend : fuss(<)
: characterized by or reflecting economy in the use of garrulous : talkative :: fussy : careful(>)
resources
parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride(>) fusty adj. 케케묵은
frugal : penurious :: deferential : sycophantic(<) : rigidly old-fashioned or reactionary
frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober fusty ↔ fresh
frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant(<)
frugality ↔ extravagancy futility n. 무익/소용없음 : USELESSNESS
: the quality or state of being futile
frustrate v. 좌절시키다 bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence(=)
: to balk or defeat in an endeavor interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile(=)
: to induce feelings of discouragement in futility ↔ effectiveness
frustrate ↔ abet
full-bodied adj. 맛좋은

: imparting to the palate the general impression of
substantial weight and rich texture
62
G : to so alter or distort as to create a wrong impression or

change the meaning
correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible
ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity
gadfly n. 귀찮은 놈/줄기차게 자극하는 놈 garble ↔ elucidate
: a person who stimulates or annoys especially by garble ↔ report accurately
persistent criticism
gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse gargantuan adj. 거대한 : GIGANTIC
annoying : gadfly :: rude : churl : of immense size, volume, or capacity
gargantuan : large :: excruciating : painful(>)
gaffe n. 외교상의 실수/결례 minute ↔ gargantuan
: a social or diplomatic blunder
: blatant mistake or misjudgment garish adj. 지나치게 화려한
gaffe : tactless :: ?? : marked by strident color or excessive ornamentation
miscalculation : judgment :: gaffe : decorum garish : color :: ??
illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful
stridency : sound :: garishness : appearance
gainsay v. 부인/반대하다 fawning : attentive :: garish : colorful(>)
: to declare to be untrue or invalid bumptious : assertive :: garish : colorful
gainsay ↔ affirm
gainsay ↔ conform garment n. 의복
gainsay ↔ confirm hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt
gainsay ↔ assent to hem : garment :: molding : cabinet
gainsay ↔ aver tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment
gait n. 걸음걸이 garner v. ~을 긁어 모으다

: a manner of walking or moving on foot
gait : walk :: parlance : speak garrulous adj. 진저리 나게 수다스러운
: given to prosy, rambling, or tedious loquacity :
galaxy n. 은하수 pointlessly or annoyingly talkative
: any of the very large groups of stars and associated garrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet(>)
matter that are found throughout the universe garrulous : talkative :: fussy : careful(>)
galaxy : stars :: archipelago : island garrulous/loquacious : words :: prodigal : money
galling adj. 짜증나게 하는 : VEXING gash n. 깊은 상처

: causing extreme irritation or chagrin : a deep narrow depression or cut
gall ↔ lull cleft : chasm :: cut : gash(<)
gall ↔ calm/assuage
galling ↔ placating gasification n. 가스화
pacify ↔ gall gasification/vaporization ↔ solidification
galvanize v. 자극하다 gauche adj. 투박한 : CRUDE

: to stimulate or excite as if by an electric shock : lacking social experience or grace; also :not tactful
galvanize : stimulate :: irrigate : flush(>) gauche : finesse :: spontaneous：planning
galvanize ↔ lull cacophony : voice :: gaucherie : skill
galvanize ↔ allay gaucheness ↔ polish
gamble v. 이판사판 모험하다 gaudy adj. 화려한

: to engage in reckless or hazardous behavior : ostentatiously or tastelessly ornamented
adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak/language
gambol v. 까불며 뛰어다니다 gauge v. 측정하다

: to leap about playfully : a measurement (as of linear dimension) according to
gambol ↔ plod some standard or system
gauge : pressure :: scale : weight
gangling adj. 빼빼 마른 : LANKY measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter
: loosely and awkwardly built /gauge : pressure /plumb : depth
garble v. 왜곡하다 gear n. 기어
63
: a toothed wheel gist trivial point

gear : tooth :: screw : thread
glacier n. 빙하
genealogy n. 계보/혈통 glacial : cold :: profound : deep(>)
: an account of the descent of a person, family, or group glacial : slow :: ??
from an ancestor or from older forms glacier : ice :: sea : water
generality n. 보편성 glade n. 숲속의 빈터

: the quality or state of being general : an open space surrounded by woods
ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity oasis : desert :: glade : wood
genial adj. 온화한 glamorize v. 미화하다 : ROMANTICIZE

: marked by or diffusing sympathy or friendliness : to look upon or depict as glamorous
resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality
genial ↔ dyspeptic glance n. 힐끗 봄
caustic ↔ palliating/genial peck : kiss :: glance : look
dour ↔ congenial/genial
mordant ↔ genial glaze v. 윤을 내다/반들반들하게 하다
genial ↔ truculent : to give a smooth lustrous surface to
glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood
genteel adj. 품위 있는 : POLITE glaze ↔ rumple
: free from vulgarity or rudeness
genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear glib adj. 말 빨 좋은(비꼬는 투로)/입만 둥둥뜨는
truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse : marked by ease and fluency in speaking or writing
genteel ↔ loutish often to the point of being insincere or deceitful
genteel ↔ churlish : lacking depth and substance
fluent : glib :: humorous : wry
genuine adj. 진짜의/순진한 : ACTUAL, TRUE maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity
genuine : authenticity :: entire : integrity glib ↔ taciturn
spurious ↔ genuine glib ↔ labored
germane adj. 적절한 : FITTING glimmer n/v. 소량/희미하게 빛나다

: being at once relevant and appropriate : to shine faintly or unsteadily
germane ↔ irrelevant : to give off a subdued unsteady reflection
gesture n. 몸짓 glisten v. 반짝이다

: a movement usually of the body or limbs that : to give off a sparkling or lustrous reflection of or as if
expresses or emphasizes an idea, sentiment, or attitude of a moist or polished surface
parody : style :: mime : gesture dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere
ghastly adj. 소름 끼치는 glitch n. 자그마한 흠/고장

: intensely unpleasant, disagreeable, or objectionable : a usually minor malfunction
ghastly : unpleasant :: ?? glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offense
glitch : malfunction/problem :: peccadillo : error
gibe n/v. 조롱/우롱하다
: to deride or tease with taunting words gloat v. 만족스럽게 바라보다
apologize : regret :: gibe : derision : to observe or think about something with triumphant
condolence : sympathy/compassion :: gibe : derision and often malicious satisfaction, gratification, or delight
primp : vain :: gloat : smug
giddy adj. 경솔한/들뜬 : FRIVOLOUS
: lightheartedly silly gloomy adj. 음울한 : MELANCHOLY
giddiness ↔ graveness : low in spirits
giddy ↔ serious despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy
despondent : depressed :: masterful : skilled(=)
ginger n. 생강
ginger : spice :: ?? glorify v. 미화하다
: to cause to be or seem to be better than the actual
gist n. 요지 : ESSENCE condition
: the main point or part castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit(>)
64
gorge v. 실컷 먹다 : GLUT
gloss n/v. 주석(달다) : to stuff to capacity
: a brief explanation (as in the margin or between the reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge
lines of a text) of a difficult or obscure word or
expression gossamer n/adj. 얇고 가벼운 (것)
blurb : notice :: gloss : explanation : something light, delicate, or insubstantial
scrutinize :: gloss :: delve : skim : extremely light, delicate, or tenuous
gossamer ↔ ponderous
glossary n. 용어 해설 gossamer ↔ substance
: a collection of textual glosses or of specialized terms gossamer ↔ weight
with their meanings gossamer ↔ weighty
glossary : text :: legend : map
gouge v. 둥근끌로 도려내다
glossy adj. 반들반들한 : to cut or scoop out with or as if with a gouge
: having a surface luster or brightness hack : carve :: gouge : engrave(>)
varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth
gourmet n. 미식가 : CONNOISSEUR
glut n. 충분한 공급 : OVERSUPPLY : connoisseur of fine food and drink
: an excessive quantity bibliophile : books :: gourmet : food
glut ↔ dearth connoisseur : art :: gourmet : cuisine
gourmet : food :: aesthete : art
glutinous adj. 아교질의/끈적이는 : GUMMY cineast : film :: gourmand : food
: having the quality of glue
etch : corrosive :: glue : adhesive grandeur n. 웅장함 : MAGNIFICENCE
glutinous ↔ non viscous : the quality or state of being grand
grandeur :: mean :: ??
glutton n. 대식가 grandeur ↔ frivolousness
: one given habitually to greedy and voracious eating
and drinking grandiloquent adj. 호언장담하는
avarice : money :: gluttony : food : a lofty, extravagantly colorful, pompous, or bombastic
glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self-denial style, manner, or quality especially in language
gluttonous ↔ abstemious gaudy : apparel :: grandiloquent : speak
grandiloquent ↔ secretive
goad v. 부추겨 자극하다 : SPUR
: to incite or rouse as if with a goad grandiose adj. 젠체하는
command : entreaty :: goad : enticement(>) : characterized by affectation of grandeur or splendor or
gadfly : goad :: humorist : amuse by absurd exaggeration
goad ↔ check ephemeral : longevity :: grandiose : humility(#)
grandiose ↔ humble
gobble v. 게걸스레 먹다
: to swallow or eat greedily grandstand v. 화려한 플레이를 하다
quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble : to play or act so as to impress onlookers
swill : sip :: gobble : nibble grandstand : impress :: equivocate : deceive
goggle n. 보호 안경 grant v. 인정하다

: a pair of tight-fitting eyeglasses, often tinted or having : to bestow or transfer formally specifically :to give the
side shields, worn to protect the eyes from hazards such possession or title of by a deed
as wind, glare, water, or flying debris concede ↔ refuse to grant
goggles : eyes :: gloves : hands withhold ↔ grant
/earmuff : ear
grapevine n. 구전/떠도는 소문
goldbrick v. 게으름 피우다 : an informal person-to-person means of circulating
: to shirk duty or responsibility information or gossip
evade : answer :: goldbrick : work
gratify v. 만족감을 주다
goodwill n. 호의 : to be a source of or give pleasure or satisfaction to
: an attitude of kindness or friendliness gratify : desire :: slake : thirsty
goodwill ↔ spleen/rancor aggrieve ↔ gratify
irk/rile/nettle ↔ gratify
65
: make a long narrow channel or depression

grating adj. 귀에 거슬리는 grooved : striating :: braided : strand
grating : sound :: acrid : odor striated : groove :: dappled : spot
grating : sound :: fetid : smell
grotesque adj. 괴상한 : FANCIFUL, BIZARRE
gratis adj. 무료의 : FREE imperial : significant :: grotesque : fantasy
: without charge or recompense
grotto n. 작은 동굴
gratuitous adj. 무료의/근거 없는 : a small cave or cavern
: not called for by the circumstances grotto : cavern :: arroyo : channel
gratuitous ↔ merited/warranted
grove n. 작은 숲
gravity n. 진지함 : a planting of fruit or nut trees
: having a serious and dignified quality or demeanor grove : trees :: archipelago : islands
frivolous : gravity :: brash : discretion
droll ↔ grave grovel v. 비굴하게 굴다
giddiness ↔ gravity : to behave in a servile or demeaning manner
grave ↔ insignificant pluck : quit :: pride : grovel
flippancy ↔ gravity minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary
gregarious adj. 사교적인/군거성의 : SOCIAL grudge n/v. 원한/시샘 하다

: tending to associate with others of one's kind : to be unwilling to give or admit : give or allow
poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness reluctantly or resentfully
gregarious ↔ aloof : a feeling of deep-seated resentment or ill will
grudge ↔ goodwill
grievous adj. 통탄할/지독한/엄청아픈
: causing or characterized by severe pain, suffering, or grumble n. 불평
sorrow smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow : to mutter in discontent
solace : grief :: pacification : anger
grievous ↔ slight guarantee v. 보증하다
joyous ↔ grievous : to engage for the existence, permanence, or nature of
: undertake to do or secure
grill v. 엄청 질문때리다 vouch ↔ refuse to guarantee
: to question intensely
question : grill :: ?? guffaw v. 박장대소하다
: a loud or boisterous burst of laughter
grimace n. 우거지상
: a facial expression usually of disgust or disapproval ; a guile n. 엉큼함/꾸밈 : DUPLICITY
sharp contortion of the face expressive of pain, : deceitful cunning
contempt, or disgust acrid : gentleness :: forthright : guile(#)
contortion : body :: grimace : face blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless(#)
chagrin : mind :: grimace : face impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile(#)
grimace : pain :: flinch : fear guile : artless :: blemish : flawless(#)
gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination
grin v. 방긋 웃다 : SMILE guile : naïf :: tardy : prompt(#)
: to smile broadly, often baring the teeth, as in guile : naïf :: sensibility : boor
amusement, glee, embarrassment, or other strong artless ↔ cunning/guile
emotion manipulative ↔ guileless
pout ↔ grin
guilt n. 죄책감 : SELF-REPROACH
gripe n. 불평 : feelings of culpability especially for imagined offenses
: word to complain with grumbling or from a sense of inadequacy
gripe : discontent :: praise : admiration narcissism : love :: guilt : blame(>)
grisly adj. 소름 끼치는 gullible adj. 잘 속는

: inspiring horror or intense fear : easily duped or cheated
grisly : flinch :: droll : laugh compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible(<)
gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination
groove v. 홈을 파다 vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied
66
/wary : gulled
gully n. 도랑
: a trench which was orig. worn in the earth by running
water and through which water often runs after rains
gully : erosion :: callus : friction
gum n. 고무
resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant
gush n/v. 분출[하다]

: a sudden outpouring
blast : whiff :: gush : trickle
gush : effusive :: rage : irate
gush : effusive :: fulminate : irate
gust n. 돌풍
: a sudden brief rush of wind
gust : wind :: cloudburst :: rainfall
/flare : light
guzzle v. 폭음하다
: to drink especially liquor greedily, continually, or
habitually
complain : carp :: drink : guzzle(<)
67
H halting adj. 일관성 없는/우물쭈물하는

: marked by a lack of sureness or effectiveness
fluent ↔ halting
habitable adj. 거주할 수 있는 ham-handed adj. 서투른

: capable of being lived in : suitable for habitation : lacking dexterity or grace
potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling ham-handed ↔ deft/adroit
untenable ↔ habitable
hammering adj. 명심(각인)시키는
hack n/v. 돈독 올라 일하는 놈/난도질하다 : to make repeated efforts ; to reiterate an opinion or
: a person who works solely for mercenary reasons attitude
: to cut or sever with repeated irregular or unskillful
blows hamper v. 방해하다 : IMPEDE
mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer seminal ↔ hampering further development
hack : carve :: gouge : engrave(>) hamper ↔ facilitate
hackneyed adj. 진부한 hamstring v. 무력화시키다/좌절시키다 : CRIPPLE

: lacking in freshness or originality : to make ineffective or powerless
windy : concise :: hackneyed : original(#) hamstring : effectiveness :: enervate：vitality
equivocation : misleading :: bromide : hackneyed hamstrung : effectiveness :: enervated：vitality
equivocation : misleading :: cliché : hackneyed hamstring ↔ make efficient
offbeat ↔ hackneyed
bromide ↔ unhackneyed handle v. 다루다
cumbersome ↔ easy to handle
hairbreadth adj/n. 아주 가까운[상태]
: extremely close hangdog adj. 쭈뼛쭈뼛한/처량한 : SAD, DEJECTED
hairbreadth ↔ ample margin : have a dejected, shamefaced or guilty
hangdog ↔ buoyant
halcyon adj. 평온한/풍요로운 hangdog ↔ elated
: calm and peaceful
halcyon ↔ tempestuous hankering n. 갈망/열망 : YEARN
halcyon ↔ stormy : a strong or persistent desire
hankering ↔ odium
hale adj. 팔팔한 : SOUND hankering ↔ lack of desire
: free from defect, disease, or infirmity
effete ↔ hale haphazard adj. 계획성 없는/될 대로 되라는 식의
hale ↔ infirm : marked by lack of plan, order, or direction
blighted ↔ hale methodical ↔ haphazard
anemic ↔ strong/hale systematic ↔ haphazard
wan ↔ hale haphazard ↔ planned
half-baked adj. 미숙한/불완전한 hapless adj. 불행한

: lacking adequate planning or forethought : luckless, unfortunate
half-baked ↔ well thought of/complete hapless ↔ fortunate
hapless ↔ lucky
halfhearted adj. 열성이 없는
: lacking heart, spirit, or interest harangue v. 열변을 하다
halfhearted ↔ enthusiastic : to make a ranting speech or writing
harangue ↔ speak temperately
hallow v. 신성숭배하다
: to make holy or set apart for holy use harass v. 괴롭히다/귀찮게 굴다
hallowed ↔ desecrate : to annoy persistently
haunt : familiar :: morass/harass : irritating
hallucination n. 환각
: perception of objects with no reality usually arising harbinger n. 선구자/전조 : PRECURSOR
from disorder of the nervous system or in response to : one that pioneers in or initiates a major change ; one
drugs that presages or foreshadows what is to come
delusion : thought :: hallucination : perception harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify
68
harbor v. 거처를 제공하다 : easily angered

: to provide a place, home, or habitat for : done or made too quickly to be accurate or wise
harbor ↔ evict hasty ↔ characterized by deliberation
hasty ↔ well considered
hard-bitten adj. 산전수전 다 겪고 단단해진 hasty ↔ deliberate
: seasoned or steeled by difficult experience
hard-bitten ↔ tender haunt v. 자주 가다 : FREQUENT
: to visit often
hardheaded adj. 완고한 : STUBBORN, WILLFUL haunt : familiar :: morass/harass : irritating
persecute : injure :: haunt : remember
hard-liner n. 강경 노선 지지자 haunt ↔ shun/infrequency
: one who advocate or involve a rigidly uncompromising frequent ↔ avoid
course of action haunt ↔ shunt
hard-liner : compromise :: ??
hauteur n. 거만함 : ARROGANCE, HAUGHTINESS
hardy adj. 튼튼한/뻔뻔스러운 fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger
: being in robust and sturdy good health hauteur ↔ humility
hardy ↔ feeble
havoc n. 대혼란
harebrained adj. 경솔한 : FOOLISH : great confusion and disorder
havoc ↔ serenity
harmonious adj. 조화로운
: marked by accord in sentiment or action haze v. 흐릿하게 하다/괴롭히다
acrimonious ↔ harmonious : to make hazy, dull, or cloudy
harmony ↔ discord : to harass by exacting unnecessary or disagreeable
work
harness v. 이용하다
: to bring under control and direct the force of headlong adj. 무대뽀의
harness ↔ fail to utilize : lacking in calmness or restraint
headlong ↔ deliberate
harp n. 하프
horn : blow :: harp : pluck headstrong adj. 고집 센
: determined to have one's own way; stubbornly and
harrow v. 못살게 굴다 often recklessly willful
: to inflict great distress or torment on headstrong : willfulness :: ??
harrow ↔ mollify
hearken(harken) v. 귀를 기울이다
harry n/v. 고뇌/괴롭히다 : to give respectful attention
: to make a pillaging or destructive raid on hearken ↔ ignore
harry ↔ untrouble
harry ↔ comfort heart v. 격려하다
: to give heart to
harsh adj. 가혹한 : IRRITATING mollify : anger :: heart : dejection
: causing a disagreeable or painful sensory reaction dismay ↔ hearted
: physically discomforting
barb : caustic :: pan : harsh heartrending adj. 가슴이 찢어질 듯한
encomium ↔ harsh criticism : causing anguish or deep distress; arousing deep
mollycoddle ↔ treat harshly sympathy
paean ↔ harshly lampoon heartrending : sad :: deafening : loud(>)
harsh ↔ serene earsplitting : loud :: heartrending : sad(>)
hasten v. 서두르다 hedge n. 금전적 방어

: to move or act quickly : a means of protection or defense (as against financial
hasten ↔ slow the progress of loss)
hasten ↔ check hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination
hasten ↔ retard safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss
check ↔ hasten
hedonism n. 쾌락주의
hasty adj. 성미 급한/경솔한 : the doctrine that pleasure or happiness is the sole or
69
chief good in life salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist

hedonist ↔ ascetic
ascetic ↔ hedonist hesitance n. 주저함
: the quality or state of being hesitant
heinous adj. 증오할 : ABOMINABLE impetuous : hesitating :: irrepressible : servile
: hatefully or shockingly evil parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance
heinous ↔ commendable hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride
heinous ↔ venial alacrity ↔ dilatoriness/hesitance
impetuosity ↔ hesitance/vacillation
heirloom n. 가보
: something of special value handed on from one heterodox adj. 이단의
generation to another : not in agreement with accepted beliefs, especially in
heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator church doctrine or dogma
heterodox : nonconformity :: authority : superiority
hem n. 옷단 doctrinal : heterodox :: spontaneous : studied(#)
: a border of a cloth article doubled back and stitched
down hidebound adj. 편협한/몹시 보수적인
hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt : having an inflexible or ultraconservative character
hem : garment :: molding : cabinet contumacious : authority ::
hemostatic adj. 지혈의 : STYPTIC, STANCHING change/innovation/novelty
: serving to check bleeding hidebound : conservative :: manic : interested(>)
hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure
herald v. 공표하다 : ANNOUNCE
: to give notice of hideous adj. 외모가 끔찍한/소름 끼치는
unabashed : embarrassment :: unheralded : : offensive to the senses and especially to sight ;
announcement exceedingly ugly
unherald ↔ proclaim pulchritude ↔ ugliness/hideousness
affinity ↔ aversion/hideousness
herbicide n. 제초제
: an agent used to destroy or inhibit plant growth hie v. 재촉하다 : HASTEN
insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide : to go quickly
hie ↔ dawdle
hereditary adj. 유전의
: genetically transmitted or transmittable from parent to hierarchy n. 계급 조직
offspring : the classification of a group of people according to
hereditary acquired ability or to economic, social, or professional standing
echelon : hierarchy : : ??
heresy n. 이단
: an opinion, doctrine, or practice contrary to the truth hieroglyph n. 상형문자
or to generally accepted beliefs or standards : a character used in a system of hieroglyphic writing
apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy decipher : hieroglyph :: separate : component
dogma ↔ heresy
hike n. 급격한 인상
heretical adj/n. 이단의/이단자 : UNORTHODOX : an abrupt increase especially in quantity or amount
: of, relating to, or characterized by departure from backset ↔ hike
accepted beliefs or standards
doctrine : heretical :: course : errant hilarious adj. 유쾌한
heretic：unconformity :: authority：superiority : characterized by or causing great merriment
heretic : unconformity :: generous : liberality hilarious : laughter :: contemptible : disdain
heretic purist hoary : old :: hilarious : funny (>)
hermit n. 은둔자 : RECLUSE hinge n. (문 등의)경첩

: one that retires from society and lives in solitude
especially for religious reasons hint n. 암시 : CLUE
vegetarian : meat :: hermit : society nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion(<)
hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous
histrionic adj. 배우의/꾸민 듯한 : THEATRICAL
herpetologist n. 파충류학 : of or relating to actors, acting, or the theater
70
: deliberately affected horn : blow :: harp : pluck

histrionic : actor :: pedantic : scholar
hortative adj. 권고적인 : ADVISORY
hitch v. (갈고리 등을) 걸다/매다 : giving exhortation
didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge
hive n. 북새통인 곳 hortative : encourage :: exculpatory : absolve
: a place swarming with activity
tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive horticulture n. 원예학
tree : forestry :: flower : horticulture
hoard v. 저장하다
: a supply or fund stored up and often hidden away hovel n. 오두막집 : HUT
miser : hoard :: dandy : preen palatial : hovel :: city : bucolic
/sycophant : fawn /pundit : opine palatial : hovel :: bucolic : metropolis
hoard : miser :: malinger : shirk
lavish ↔ hoard hub n. 중심
: the central part of a circular object (as a wheel or
hoary adj. 아주 오래된 : ANCIENT propeller)
: extremely old spoke : hub :: radius : center
hoary : old :: hilarious : funny (>)
hoary : old :: saturated : wet hubris n. 교만
: exaggerated pride or self-confidence
hoax n. 속여먹기 : IMPOSTURE parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride(>)
: an act intended to trick or dupe hesitation : reluctance :: hubris : pride
: something accepted or established by fraud or parsimony : frugality :: hubris : self-confidence(>)
fabrication
hoax : fraudulence :: paragon : excellence humanitarian n. 박애가 : PHILANTHROPIST
hoax : deceive :: filibuster : delay : a person promoting human welfare and social reform
hodgepodge n. 뒤범벅 : JUMBLE humble adj. 겸손한 : INSIGNIFICANT,

: a mixture of dissimilar ingredients UNPRETENTIOUS
hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliché : original : ranking low in a hierarchy or scale
items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble : not costly or luxurious
rioter : hodgepodge :: interpreter : translation dour : geniality :: bumptious : humbleness
rioter : hodgepodge :: illuminator : instruction impetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious :
humbleness
homage n. 존경 : RESPECT supercilious ↔ humble
: expression of high regard bumptious ↔ humble
counsel : advice :: laud : homage hauteur ↔ humility
homage ↔ disrespect panache ↔ humility
homily n. 설교/훈계 humor v. 비위를 맞추다

: a lecture or discourse on or of a moral theme : to comply with the wishes or ideas of
parable : story :: homily : lecture chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle(<)
homogenize v. 균질이 되게 하다 hurdle n/v. 장애물/극복하다 : OVERCOME,

: to blend (diverse elements) into a uniform mixture SURMOUNT
stratify ↔ homogenize : to overcome or deal with successfully
hone v. 숫돌로 갈다 : WHET hurl v. 세게 던지다

: to make more acute, intense, or effective : to throw down with violence
hone ↔ blunt scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection
/hurl : disgust
honorarium n. 사례금
: a payment given to a professional person for services hurricane n. 허리케인
for which fees are not legally or traditionally required fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane
amenity : comfortable :: honorarium : grateful rain : deluge :: wind : hurricane(<)
snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone
horn n. 뿔 피리 : TRUMPET
: a wind instrument used in a jazz band husbandry n. 절약 : CONSERVATION
71
: the control or judicious use of resources

husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate
husband ↔ squander
husbandry ↔ prodigality
husk n. 콩류의 껍질 : SHELL

: an outer layer
seed : husk :: orange : rind
husk ↔ core
husky adj. 목소리가 쉰

husky ↔ delicate
hybrid adj. 잡종의 : COMPOSITE

: something heterogeneous in origin or composition
hybrid ↔ of unmixed extraction
hybrid ↔ purebred
hymn n. 찬송가
: a song of praise or joy
hypnotic adj/n. 최면성의/최면제 : SOPORIFIC

: tending to produce sleep
hypnotic/unwitting ↔ conscious
hypnotic ↔ stimulant
hypnotic ↔ bracing
hyperbole n. 과장법
: a figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for
emphasis or effect
malicious : ill will :: exaggerating : hyperbole
anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole
playful : banter :: exaggerated : hyperbole
pompous : bombast :: exaggerated : hyperbole
exaggerated : hyperbole :: nonsensical : drivel
hyperbolic ↔ factful
hypocritical adj. 위선적인

: meticulously or excessively critical
authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical
hypocritical ↔ ingenuous/honest
hypothetical adj. 가설의

: of, relating to, or based on a hypothesis
hypothetical ↔ proven
72
I maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory

nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy(=)
illusion : perception :: gaffe : judgment
ichthyologist n. 어류학 illustrate v. 예증하다

salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist : to provide with visual features intended to explain or
decorate
idiosyncratic adj. 특유의 illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details
: characteristic peculiarity
imbibe v. 쭈~욱 들이키다
idolater n. 숭배자 : to absorb or take in as if by drinking
: a person that admires intensely and often blindly one thirsty : imbibe :: exhausted : rest
that is not usually a subject of worship
reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe imbroglio n. 난국/복잡한 상황
esteem : idolatrize :: favor : bribe : an intricate or complicated situation (as in a drama or
novel)
ignite v. 점화하다 : KINDLE : a violently confused or bitterly complicated altercation
: to set afire
ignite ↔ extinguish imitation n. 모방
: the quality of an object in possessing some of the
ignominy n. 불명예/치욕 nature or attributes of a transcendent
: deep personal humiliation and disgrace exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame
ignominious ↔ lofty exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence
ignominy ↔ glory/esteem/respect paragon/paradigm : imitate :: reverence : regard
ignominy ↔ honor
ignominious ↔ honorable immaculate adj. 티없이 깨끗한 : PURE
: having no stain or blemish
ignorant adj. 무지한 : containing no flaw or error
: destitute of knowledge or education squalid ↔ immaculate
subtle : ignore :: salient : observe
erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unlettered immanent adj. 내재하는
: remaining or operating within a domain of reality or
ill-bred adj. 버릇없이 자란 : IMPOLITE realm of discourse
: badly brought up or showing bad upbringing immanent ↔ explicit
ill-bred : impolite :: ?? immanent ↔ extrinsic
illiteracy n. 문맹 immaterial adj. 중요치 않은 : UNIMPORTANT

: the quality or state of being illiterate; : of no substantial consequence
especially :inability to read or write immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center
illiteracy : education :: inequity : redistribution immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness
erudition ↔ illiteracy relevant ↔ immaterial
illuminati n. 예지를 터득한[자칭하는] 사람 immemorial adj. 먼 옛날의

: persons who are or who claim to be unusually : extending or existing since beyond the reach of
enlightened memory, record, or tradition
interpreter : translate :: illuminati : instruct immemorial ↔ recent
illumination n. 조명/계몽/장식 띠 imminent adj. 일촉즉발의

: one of the decorative features used in the art of : ready to take place; especially : hanging threateningly
illuminating or in decorative lighting over one's head
frieze : building :: illumination : manuscript imminence : forthcoming :: ??
stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination
therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school immune adj. 면역의
obfuscate ↔ elucidate/illuminate/explain clearly : not susceptible or responsive; especially :having a
squall : commotion :: flash : illumination high degree of resistance to a disease
apron : protect :: lamp : illuminate fertilize : grow :: immunize : resist
soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity
illusory adj. 착각을 일으키는 : DECEPTIVE vaccination : immune :: overexposure : jaded
: based on or producing illusion
73
immure v. 감금하다 : impossible to penetrate or enter

: to enclose within or as if within walls : impossible to understand
immure ↔ release pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable
immure ↔ liberate juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable
porous ↔ impenetrable
immutable adj. 불변의
: not capable of or susceptible to change impenitent adj. 뉘우치지 않는
immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated(#) : not feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or
transitory : endure :: immutable : change(#) sorrow for sins or offenses
immutable ↔ variable penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous(#)
vicissitudinous ↔ immutable rueful/contrite ↔ impenitent
imp n. 장난꾸러기 : URCHIN imperative adj. 피할 수 없는/명령적인

: a mischievous child : expressive of a command, entreaty, or exhortation
insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp : not to be avoided or evaded
question : interrogative :: order : imperative
impair v. 손상시키다
: to damage or make worse by or as if by diminishing in imperceptible adj. 미세한/지각할 수 없는
some material respect : not perceptible by a sense or by the mind
: extremely slight, gradual, or subtle
impassive adj. 무감각한/냉정한 appreciable ↔ imperceptible
: unsusceptible to or destitute of emotion
impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy imperial adj. 최고 권위의/거만한
callous : impassivity :: dupe : duplicity : of, relating to, befitting, or suggestive of an empire or
impassive ↔ emotional an emperor
impassive ↔ excitable imperial : significant :: grotesque : fantastic(>)
perfervid ↔ impassive imperial ↔ obedient
impeccable adj. 흠 없는 : FLAWLESS imperious adj. 오만한 : DOMINEERING

: free from fault or blame : marked by arrogant assurance
blemish : impeccable :: guile : artless fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness
impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile imperious : fawn :: swagger : self depreciate(#)
rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable(#)
impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir fawn : imperiousness :: equivocate : directness
impeccable ↔ faulty fawn : imperiousness :: elaborate : sketchy
imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger
impecunious adj. 무일푼의 : PENNILESS imperious ↔ humble
: having very little or no money usually habitually imperious ↔ obeisant
foolish : discretion :: impecunious : money
frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober(<) impertinent adj. 뻔뻔스러운/적절치 않는
pelf : impecunious :: experience : green : not pertinent
impecunious ↔ wealthy/prosperous/affluent : given to or characterized by insolent rudeness
impertinent : propriety :: keen : obtuseness
impede v. 방해하다 perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety
: to retard or obstruct the progress of impertinence ↔ respect/relevance
blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede obeisant ↔ impertinent
abet ↔ thwart/impede impertinent : 자기에게 상관없거나 나설 자리가 아닌 일에
facilitate ↔ impede 뻔뻔스럽게 나서는 무례함을 나타냄.
impede ↔ promote/foment impudent : 무례의 정도가 impertinent 보다 강함.
cultivate ↔ impede insolent : 경멸을 강조
{decline}는 답아님!
nurture ↔ impede imperturbable adj. 침착한 : SERENE
encumber ↔ remove impediment : marked by extreme calm, impassivity, and steadiness
restive ↔ calm/imperturbable
impending adj. 곧 일어날듯한 ticklish ↔ imperturbable
: to be about to occur imperturbability ↔ volatility/diffidence
impending ↔ remote
impervious adj. 불침투성의/손상되지 않는
impenetrable adj. 뚫을 수 없는/불가해한 : not allowing entrance or passage
74
: not capable of being affected or disturbed 않는

impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued(#) : difficult or impossible to attack, challenge, or refute
impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible(#) with success
impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid : incapable of being taken by assault
impervious : damaged :: indefensible : excused
translucent ↔ impervious of light impressionable adj. 영향 받기 쉬운/예민한 :
SUGGESTIBLE
impetuous adj. (충동적)격렬한/열렬한 : readily or easily influenced
: marked by impulsive vehemence or passion impressionable : influence :: ??
impetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious :
humbleness impromptu adj/n. 즉흥의/즉흥연설 : IMPROVISED
parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance : prompted by the occasion rather than being planned in
restive : calmness :: impetuous : patience advance
impetuosity ↔ hesitance/vacillation : Something, such as a speech, that is made or done
impetuous ↔ deliberate extemporaneously
ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent
impiety n. 불경 : IRREVERENCE impromptu : rehearsal :: unheralded : announcement
: quality or state of being impious impromptu : rehearsal :: honesty : duplicity(#)
impiety ↔ devoutness
improvident adj. 선견지명이 없는
implacable adj. 달래기 힘든 : not foreseeing and providing for the future
: not capable of being appeased, significantly changed,
or mitigated improvised adj. 즉흥적인
immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated : doing to compose, recite, play, or sing
implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle extemporaneously
rite ↔ improvised act
implement v. 이행하다
: to give practical effect to and ensure of actual imprudent adj. 경솔한
fulfillment by concrete measures : not prudent : lacking discretion
judicious ↔ imprudent
implicate v. 말려들게 하다 : ENTWINE
: to bring into intimate or incriminating connection impudent adj. 뻔뻔스러운/건방진 : INSOLENT
: marked by contemptuous or cocky boldness or
implode v. 내파하다 disregard of others
: to collapse inward as if from external pressure impudence : brazen :: deadpan : impassive
collapse : implode :: divide : sunder(<) impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness(=)
collapse : implode :: steep : immerse(<) impudent ↔ deferential/respectful
impudent ↔ obeisant
importune v. [끈덕지게,집요하게]졸라대다/요청하다
: to press or urge with troublesome persistence impugn v. 비난/논박하다
: to request or beg for urgently : to assail by words or arguments ; oppose or attack as
accost : approach :: importune : quest(>) false or lacking integrity
imposing adj. 인상적인/으리으리한 impugn ↔ champion
: impressive in size, bearing, dignity, or grandeur impugn ↔ endorse
imposing ↔ modest impugn ↔ vindicate
impostor n. 쌩사기꾼 impuissance n. 무기력한 : WEAKNESS,

: one who engages in deception under an assumed POWERLESSNESS
name or identity clout ↔ impuissance
impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization
virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned impulsive adj. 충동적인
: having the power of or actually driving or impelling
impotent adj. 무력한 : HELPLESS
: not potent impunity n. 형벌을 면함
: lacking in power, strength, or vigor : exemption from punishment, penalty, or harm
clout ↔ impotence
impute adj. 전가하다
impregnable adj. 난공불락의/[신념,이론]흔들리지 : to lay the responsibility or blame for often falsely or
75
unjustly propitiate ↔ incense

imputable : nettle :: ??
inception n. 시초 : COMMENCEMENT
inadvertent adj. 부주의한 : INATTENTIVE : the beginning of something, such as an undertaking
: not focusing the mind on a matter inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation
inadvertent ↔ intentional
advertent ↔ inattentive incessant adj. 끊임없는 : UNCEASING
: continuing or following without interruption
inalienable adj. 양도할 수 없는
: incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or inch v. 서서히(조금씩) 움직이다
transferred : to cause to move slowly
inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated inch : move :: drawl : speak
accrete : growth :: inch : advance
inane adj. 공허한/무의미한/어리석은 : SILLY
: lacking significance, meaning, or point inchoate adj. 초기의/불완전한 : FORMLESS
inane ↔ substantial/expressive/meaningful : being only partly in existence or operation; especially :
/pregnant/significant/weighty imperfectly formed or formulated
immature : developed :: incipient/inchoate : realized(#)
inanimate adj. 생명이 없는 inchoate : organize :: volatile : stabilize
: not endowed with life or spirit inchoate ↔ fully formed/organized/having explicit
ephemeral : enduring :: inanimate : living(#)
incinerate v. 소각하다
inapt adj. 적성이 안 맞는/서투른 : to cause to burn to ashes
inapt : clumsy：: obsessed : attracted singe : incineration :: erode : destruction
inaugurate v. 취임시키다/개시[시작]하다 incipient adj. 시작의/초기의

: to induct into an office with suitable ceremonies : beginning to come into being or to become apparent
: To cause to begin, especially officially or formally immature : developed :: incipient/inchoate : realized
inaugurate : president :: install : official incipient : realized :: indefinite : tangible(#)
/crown : king incipient : realized :: hypothetic : proved
inauguration : official :: matriculation : student incipient : realized :: irregular : classified
cease ↔ inaugurate/commencement incipient ↔ full-blown/full-realized
incandescent adj. 눈부신/열정적인 incisive adj. 신랄한

: strikingly bright, radiant, or clear : impressively direct and decisive (as in manner or
: characterized by ardent emotion, intensity, or brilliance presentation)
incandescent ↔ dull
incite v. 자극하다/분노를 일으키다
incantation n. [마법효과를 노린]주문/특정의도의 : to provoke and urge on
상투적인 말 instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat
: a use of spells or verbal charms spoken or sung as a exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite
part of a ritual of magic incite ↔ pacify
: a written or recited formula of words designed to incitant ↔ insensible
produce a particular effect
incantation : utterance :: talisman : object inclement adj. 가혹한/혹독한 : STORMY
: lacking mildness
incarnate adj. 화신의/[관념·성질]구체화한 : as severe in temper or action
: invested with bodily and especially human nature and inclemency : evade :: ??
form inclement ↔ balmy
incorporeal ↔ incarnate
incogitant adj. 분별없는 : THOUGHTLESS,
incendiary adj. 방화의/선동적인 INCONSIDERATE
: tending to excite or inflame incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm(#)
insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate
incendiary ↔ calming/moderating incongruent adj. 일치하지 않는
: not superposable so as to be coincident throughout
incense v. 몹시 화나게 하다 incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey(#)
: to arouse the extreme anger or indignation of incongruent : conform :: scattering : overlap(#)
incense : anger :: ??
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inconsequential adj. 중요치 않은 : UNIMPORTANT

: lacking importance. indemnity n. 보호
: not following from premises or evidence : security against hurt, loss, or damage
crucial/apocalyptic ↔ inconsequential mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure
inconsonant adj. 일치하지 않는 indict v. 기소하다

: lacking harmony, agreement, or compatibility : to accuse of wrongdoing
inconsonanance : concord :: scatter : overlap indict : accused :: ??
incontrovertible adj. 논쟁의 여지없는 : indifferent adj. 냉담한 : APATHETIC

INDISPUTABLE : marked by a lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern
: impossible to dispute for something
incontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference
controvert ↔ substantiate avid ↔ indifferent
fervor ↔ indifference
incorrigible adj. 고칠 수 없는/뿌리깊은 : zealot ↔ indifference
UNALTERABLE, INVETERATE enraptured ↔ indifferent
: incapable of being corrected or amended ; not
reformable indigenous adj. 고유한/토착의
incorrigible : reformed :: inscrutable : understood : having originated in and being produced, growing,
incorrigible : amend :: eradicable : remove living, or occurring naturally in a particular region or
tractability ↔ incorrigibility environment
tractable ↔ incorrigible exotic ↔ indigenous
indigenous ↔ nonnative
incriminate v. 죄를 씌우다
: to charge with or show evidence or proof of indigent adj. 궁핍한/부족한 : IMPOVERISHED
involvement in a crime or fault : experiencing want or need
incrimination ↔ exoneration indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability(#)
indigent ↔ affluent
inculcate v. 되풀이하여 심어주다
: to teach and impress by frequent repetitions or indigestible adj. 소화하기 힘든
admonitions
hammering : inculcate :: ?? indiscriminate adj. 무차별적인/무계획의
: not marked by careful distinction : deficient in
inculpate v. 죄를 씌우다 : INCRIMINATE discrimination and discernment
exonerate ↔ inculpate
absolve ↔ inculpate indispensability n. 꼭 필요함 : ESSENTIAL
exculpate ↔ inculpate : absolutely necessary thing
indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability
incursion n. 침입 : RAID
: an aggressive entrance into foreign territory indoctrinate v. (학설,사상)가르치다 : TEACH
incursion ↔ retreat : to instruct especially in fundamentals or rudiments
stickler : exacting :: pedagogue : indoctrinating
indecorous adj. 버릇없는
: lacking propriety or good taste indolent adj. 게으른
mangy ↔ sleek : conducing to or encouraging laziness
rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse(#)
indefatigable adj. 끈기 있는 : UNTIRING impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir
: incapable or seemingly incapable of being fatigued indolent : shirk :: miserly : hoard
indelible adj. 지울 수 없는 : UNFORGETTABLE, indubitable adj. 의심할 여지가 없는

MEMORABLE : too apparent to be doubted
: that cannot be removed, washed away, or erased indubitable : questioned :: resolute : sway(#)
indelible : forget :: astounding : expect indubitable ↔ doubtful
indelibility ↔ erasability
inducement n. 유인/유도
indelicate adj. 정교하지 않은 : a motive or consideration that leads one to action or to
: marked by a lack of good taste; coarse. additional or more effective actions
: lacking in consideration for the feelings of others inducement ↔ deterrence
77
: the quality or state of being generally incompetent

induct v. 취임시키다 finesse ↔ ineptitude
: to place ceremoniously or formally in an office or a
position inert adj. 비활성의
induct ↔ discharge : deficient in active properties
ephemeral : endure :: inert : react
indulge v. 비위를 맞추다/실컷 즐기다 : GRATIFY, persistence : vacillate :: inertia : react
HUMOR inertia ↔ activity
: to treat with excessive leniency, generosity, or reactant ↔ inert material
consideration inert ↔ active
: to take unrestrained pleasure in inert ↔ dynamic
embarrass : mortify :: indulge : mollycoddle(<)
lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge(#) inequity n. 불공정/불공평
: injustice or unfairness
indulgent adj. 관대한 : LENIENT inequity ↔ rectitude
abstemious : indulge :: austere : decorate inequity ↔ disinterested
indulgent：adherent :: slovenly：dapper(#)
glutton : overindulgence :: ascetic : self-denial inestimable adj. 헤아릴 수 없는
Spartan ↔ sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious : too valuable or excellent to be measured or
draconian ↔ indulgent/mild appreciated
martinet ↔ indulgent person
indulgent ↔ ascetic inevitable adj. 피할 수 없는
: incapable of being avoided or evaded
indurate v. 단단하게 하다 ineluctable/inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend
: to make hard
indurate ↔ soften inexorable adj. 냉혹한/가차없는 : RELENTLESS
: not to be persuaded or moved by entreaty
inebriant adj. 취하게 하는 inexorable : dissuasion :: indomitable : conquest
inexorable ↔ relenting
inedible adj. 먹을 수 없는
: not fit to be eaten infamy n. 불명예
edible : eat :: portable : drink : the condition of being infamous
edible : eat :: admissible : allow infamy ↔ good repute
ineffable adj. 형언할 수 없는 infatuate v. 푹 빠지게 하다

: incapable of being expressed in words : to inspire with a foolish or extravagant love or
ineffable : description :: ineradicable : obliteration admiration
[incapable of 관계] sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation
odium ↔ infatuation
ineluctable adj. 불가피한 : INEVITABLE
: not to be avoided, changed, or resisted infer v. 추론하다 : GUESS, SURMISE
impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid : to derive as a conclusion from facts or premises
ineluctable/inevitable : avoid :: untenable : defend tacit : infer :: encoded : decode(#)
serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance intimate : communicate :: allude : infer
inept adj. 서투른/부적합한/어리석은 : UNFIT, inferno n. 지옥 같은 곳(불구덩이)

FOOLISH, BUNGLING : a place or a state that resembles or suggests hell ;
: lacking in fitness or aptitude intense heat
: lacking sense or reason fire : inferno :: storm : hurricane
: not suitable to the time, place, or occasion
: inappropriate often to an absurd degree infiltrate v. 침투하다
: generally incompetent : to enter or take up positions in gradually or
adroitness : inept :: difficulty : simplicity(#) surreptitiously
inept ↔ deft/adroit infiltrate : enter :: plot : plan
inept skilled stalk : follow :: infiltrate : enter
proficient ↔ inept
infinite adj. 끝없는/무한한 : INEXHAUSTIBLE
ineptitude n. 기량 딸림/부적당/어리석음 : : immeasurably or inconceivably great or extensive
INCOMPETENCE infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap
78
unique : precedent :: infinite : end ingrained ↔ extrinsic
infirm adj. 연약한 ingratiating adj. 환심사려는 : PLEASING

: of poor or deteriorated vitality; especially : feeble from : capable of winning favor
age ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceive
hale ↔ infirm ingratiating : win favor :: fraudulent : deceive
inflame v. 불태우다/부채질하다 inherent adj. 타고난

: to become excited or angered : existing as an essential constituent or characteristic ;
inflame ↔ assuage/subdue intrinsic
extrinsic ↔ inherent
infelicitous adj. 불행한/적절치 않은
: not appropriate in application or expression inimical adj. 비우호적인 : HOSTILE, UNFRIENDLY
: not happy : being adverse often by reason of hostility or
happy ↔ infelicitous malevolence
inimical ↔ friendly/amiable/amicable
infiltrate v. 침투[잡입]하다 amenable ↔ inimical
: to enter or take up positions in gradually or
surreptitiously inimitable adj. 흉내낼 수 없는 : MATCHLESS
infiltrate : enter :: conspire : plan : not capable of being imitated
stalk : follow :: infiltrate : enter indubitable : question :: inimitable : copy
inimitable ↔ commonplace
influx n. 유입 inimitable ↔ ordinary
exodus ↔ influx
iniquity n. 심한 부정 : WICKEDNESS
infuriate v. 격노케하다 : gross injustice
: to make furious ; enrage iniquity ↔ rectitude
infuriate : rage :: commend : esteem
infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity initial adj. 처음의/최초의 : FIRST
: placed at the beginning
infuse v. 주입하다/불어넣다 : INSPIRE, ANIMATE eccentric : conventional :: doyen : uninitiated
: to put into or introduce as if by pouring initial : realized :: irregular : classified(#)
: to fill or cause to be filled with something /tangible : indefinite /tenable : undefended
inspire : infuse :: obliterate : remove(>) initial ↔ following
infuse ↔ drain away/refuse/extract initiate ↔ follow up
infuse ↔ draw out
infuse ↔ drain out initiative adj/n. 진취적인/진취성/첫걸음 :
ENTERPRISE, INTRODUCTORY, PRELIMINARY
ingenious adj. 독창적인/영리한 : energy or aptitude displayed in initiation of action
: marked by originality, resourcefulness, and cleverness initiative : entrepreneur :: impartiality : arbiter
in conception or execution
ingenious ↔ prosaic inkling n. 넌지시 비침/희미한 지식
: a slight indication or suggestion
ingenuous adj. 순진한/꾸밈없는 : ARTLESS : a slight knowledge or vague notion
: showing innocent or childlike simplicity and candidness inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity
: lacking in cunning, guile, or worldliness inkling : indication :: lapse : error
impeccable : flaw :: ingenuous : guile
ingenuous : guile :: delicate : offense innocent adj. 결백한 : BLAMELESS
ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen culpable ↔ innocent
/polite : snub
ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceive innocuous adj. 무해한/지루한 : INOFFENSIVE,
pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead INSIPID
ingénue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness : not likely to give offense or to arouse strong feelings or
hypocritical ↔ ingenuous/honest hostility
ingenuous ↔ cunning placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous
placebo : innocuous :: venom : toxic
ingrained adj. 뿌리깊은/타고난 noxious ↔ wholesome/sanitary/innocuous
: forming a part of the essence or inmost being innocuous ↔ injurious
ingrained ↔ easily to change
79
innovation n. 혁신
: the introduction of something new institute v. 제정하다 : ORGANIZE
contumacious : authority :: : to originate and get established
reactionary/hidebound/conservative : rescind ↔ institute
change/innovation/novelty abrogate ↔ institute
innuendo n. 넌지시 빗댐 insubordinate adj/n. 반항하는/반항자

: an oblique allusion ; a veiled or equivocal reflection on : disobedient to authority
character or reputation insubordinate : submissive :: disaffected : contented
innuendo : suspicion :: ?? tractable ↔
insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate
inquiry n. 질문 insubordinate ↔ authority
confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory
insular adj. 편협한
insatiable adj. 만족할 줄 모르는 : QUENCHLESS : being, having, or reflecting a narrow provincial
: incapable of being satisfied viewpoint
insatiate ↔ slakable insular ↔ cosmopolitan
insularity ↔ cosmopolitanism
insensate adj. 감각이 없는
: lacking animate awareness or sensation insulate v. 격리하다
insensate ↔ conscious insulate ↔ expose
insert v. 끼워넣다 insurgent n. 반란자

insert ↔ remove : a person who revolts against civil authority or an
tear ↔ insert established government ; a rebel not recognized as a
belligerent
insipid adj. 재미없는/맛없는 : DULL, FLAT parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent
: lacking in qualities that interest, stimulate, or insurgent : rebel :: incendiary : agitate
challenge
intact adj. 온전한/처녀의
insolent adj. 건방진 : IMPUDENT : remaining sound, entire, or uninjured; not impaired in
: exhibiting boldness or effrontery any way
perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration riven ↔ intact
insolent ↔ polite/courteous
intangible adj. 만져서 알 수 없는 : IMPALPABLE
insouciant adj. 태평한 : NONCHALANCE : incapable of being perceived by the senses.
: lighthearted unconcern : incapable of being realized or defined
tenacious : yield : : insouciant : worry corporeal ↔ intangible
tangible ↔ unable to perceive
inspired adj. 영감 받은 intangible ↔ readily perceived
: outstanding or brilliant in a way or to a degree
suggestive of divine integrate v. 통합하다 : UNIFY
pedestrian ↔ inspired : to make into a whole by bringing all parts together
integrate ↔ separate
instate v. 취임시키다
: to establish in office integral adj. 필수적인/완전한 : CONSTITUENT
instate ↔ oust : essential to completeness
: lacking nothing essential
instigate v. 선동하다 : PROVOKE integral ↔ superfluous
: to goad or urge forward integral ↔ redundant
quell ↔ foment/instigate/rouse integral ↔ tangential
instigator n. 선동가 integrity n. 완전 무결 : COMPLETENESS

instigator : incite :: bully : browbeat : the quality or state of being complete or undivided
: an unimpaired condition
instill v. 스며들게 하다/주입시키다 ecumenical : generality :: entire : integrity
: to impart gradually taint : integrity :: ??
instill ↔ drain away integrity ↔ incompleteness
instill ↔ remove
80
intelligible adj. 알기 쉬운 usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine(>)

correct : accurate :: garble : unintelligible interrogate : information :: investigate : inquiry
intemperate adj. 무절제한/과격한/혹한(서)의 intervene v. 중재하다/끼어 들어 방해하다

: not temperate or moderate; excessive, especially in : to interfere usually by force or threat of force in
the use of alcoholic beverages another nation's internal affairs especially to compel or
equable ↔ intemperate prevent an action
intemperate ↔ constrained
intimate n/v. 친한 친구/간접적으로 말하다
intensify v. 세게 하다 : STRENGTHEN : an intimate friend or confidant
: to make intense or more intensive : to communicate delicately and indirectly
moderate : intensity :: extenuate : seriousness clique : intimates :: flock : sheep
abate ↔ intensify/promote intimate : communicate :: allude : infer
assuage ↔ intensify
intimidate v. 겁먹게 하다/협박하다 : FRIGHTEN
inter v. 매장하다 : to make timid or fearful
: to deposit (a dead body) in the earth or in a tomb : to compel or deter by or as if by threats
inter : burial :: obliterate : removal sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation
dauntless : intimidate :: irrepressible : restrain
intercede v. 중재하다 : MEDIATE coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate
: to intervene between parties with a view to reconciling
differences intransigent adj. 비타협적인 : UNCOMPROMISING
intercessor : mediate :: augur : prediction : refusing to compromise or to abandon an extreme
intercessor : mediate :: translator : interpret position or attitude
firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed(<)
interdict v/n. ~을 금지하다/금지 intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend
: to forbid in a usually formal or authoritative manner intransigent ↔ open to compromise
interdict authorize tractable ↔
insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate
interim adj. 일시적인 : INTERVAL pliant ↔ intransigent/intractable
: an intervening time
interim ↔ permanent intrepid adj. 대담한
: characterized by resolute fearlessness, fortitude, and
interlock adj. 맞물린 endurance
: to connect so that the motion or operation of any part genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear(#)
is constrained by another intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract(#)
interlocking ↔ independent
intricacy n. 복잡
interloper n. 참견하는 놈 : the quality or state of being intricate
chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy
interlude n. 막간 : INTERVAL
: an intervening or interruptive period, space, or event intriguing adj 흥미를 자아내는 : FASCINATING
: engaging the interest to a marked degree
interminable adj. 끝없는 interesting : intriguing :: bootless : futile(=)
: having or seeming to have no end pall ↔ interest/intrigue
: wearisomely protracted
countless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number :: intrinsic adj. 고유의/내재한
everlasting/interminable : duration : belonging to the essential nature or constitution of a
thing
intermittent adj. 간헐적인 immanent ↔ extrinsic
: coming and going at intervals
: not continuous inure v. (나쁜 것에)익숙케 하다
intermittent ↔ constant : to accustom to accept something undesirable
inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency
interrogate v. 심문하다/따져 묻다
: to question formally and systematically invective n. 독설
interrogate : probe :: ?? : insulting or abusive language
confidence : arrogant :: inquiry : interrogatory exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit
question : interrogative :: order : imperative polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive
81
invective ↔ flattery invoice n. 구매서

invective ↔ accolade : a consignment of merchandise
invective ↔ approbation/ compliment consignment : invoice :: ??
inveigh v. 심하게 항의하다 : RAIL invoke v. 발동하다/불러내다 : IMPLEMENT

: to protest or complain bitterly or vehemently : to put into effect or operation
inveigh ↔ verbally provide support : to call forth by incantation
invoke ↔ suspend
inveigle v. 은밀히 끌어들이다 : ENTICE
: to win over by wiles invulnerable adj. 불사조의
plot : plan :: inveigle : interest : incapable of being wounded, injured, or harmed
inveigle ↔ request directly euphemism : offend :: invulnerable : injure
untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury
inventory n. 재고목록
: an itemized list of current assets irascible adj. 성마른
census : population :: inventory : stock : marked by hot temper and easily provoked anger
inventory : merchandise :: manifest : cargo affable ↔ irascible
investigate v. (조직적으로)조사하다 irate adj. 격노한

: to make a systematic examination; especially :to : arising from anger
conduct an official inquiry gush : effusive :: rage : irate
cavil : criticize :: probe : investigate(=)
iridescence n. 무지개 빛
inveterate adj. 뿌리깊은/상습적인 iridescent ↔ monochromatic
: firmly established by long persistence
: confirmed in a habit irk v. 성가시게 하다 : VEX, IRRITATE
inveterate ↔ casual : to make weary, irritated, or bored
inveterate ↔ one-time irk : enrage :: suggest : urge(<)
irk ↔ make someone pleased
invidious adj. 비위에 거슬리는 irk ↔ please
: of a kind to cause harm or resentment
invidious ↔ beneficial ironclad adj. 견고한 : BINDING
: so firm or secure as to be unbreakable
invigorate v. 고무하다 : STIMULATE jammed : full :: ironclad : firm(=)
: to give life and energy to
conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate irreducible adj. 더 이상 줄일 수 없는
tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden : impossible to transform into or restore to a desired or
debilitate ↔ invigorate simpler condition
enervate ↔ invigorate factorable ↔ irreducible
enfeeble ↔ invigorate
irrelevant adj. 관계가 없는 : INAPPLICABLE
invincible adj. 정복할 수 없는/무적의 immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center
: incapable of being overcome or defeated immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness
invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve germane ↔ irrelevant
immaterial ↔ relevant
inviolate adj. 신성한 : PURE
: not violated or profaned irresolute adj. 우유부단한 : VACILLATING
pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolate : uncertain how to act or proceed
penetrate : impermeable :: profane : inviolable demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness
penetrate : impermeable :: comprehend : obscure
inviolable ↔ profane/impure irreverent adj. 불경한 : SATIRIC
: lacking proper respect or seriousness
invite v. 요구하다/야기하다/유혹하다 : ENTICE, awe ↔ irreverence
PROVOKE
: to request formally irrevocable adj. 돌이킬 수 없는/취소할 수 없는
: to offer an incentive or inducement to : not possible to revoke
: To tend to bring on irrevocable : rescind :: ??
invite ↔ ward off
irritate v. 짜증나게 하다 : ANNOY
82
: to provoke impatience, anger, or displeasure in

antidote : poisoning :: balm : irritation
haunt : familiar/similarity :: harass : irritating
irritate : pacific :: fabricate : ingenuous
balm ↔ irritant
issue n/v. 논점/호/유포시키다

: a point or matter of discussion, debate, or dispute
: a single copy of a periodical
: to appear or become available through being officially
put forth or distributed
debate : issue :: bargain : price
repartee : retort :: debate : issue
stanza : line :: volume : issue
episode : series :: issue : periodical
issue ↔ withdraw
isthmus n. 지협
: a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas
isthmus : land :: strait : water
83
J as mockery or humor
jest ↔ solemn speaking
jingoist n. 호전적 애국주의자

jabber v. 재잘거리다 : extreme chauvinism or nationalism marked especially
: to speak rapidly or indistinctly by a belligerent foreign policy
jabber ↔ speak slowly dove ↔ warmonger/jingoist
jaded adj. 물린/지긋지긋한 : EXHAUSTED jitter n. 불안 초조한 상태

: dulled by experience or by surfeit : a sense of panic or extreme nervousness
overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune jittery ↔ resolute
jaded ↔ keen
jocund adj. 유쾌한
jammed adj. 꽉 찬 : sprightly and lighthearted in disposition, character, or
jammed : full :: ironclad : firm quality
jocund ↔ dreary/morose
jape v. 희롱하다 jocund ↔ dour
: to make mocking fun of jocund ↔ serious
revere ↔ jape at jocund/jocular ↔ lachrymose
dejection ↔ jocundity
jar v/n. 삐걱거리다/삐걱거림/불혐화음
: harsh or grating sound jog v. 조깅하다
: to startle or unsettle jog : exercise :: barter : trade
puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled
joke n. 농담
jargon n. 전문용어 : something said or done to provoke laughter;
: the specialized or technical language of a trade, especially : a brief oral narrative with a climactic
profession, or similar group humorous twist
vernacular : local :: jargon : profession joke : punch line :: plot : denouement
pun : joke :: supernova : star
jaundice n/v. 편견/삐뚤어진 태도를 가지다
: a state or attitude characterized by satiety, distaste, or jolt v. 갑자기 움직이다
hostility : to cause to move with a sudden jerky motion
jaundice ↔ speak favorably jolt : move :: check : stop
jaundiced ↔ disposed favorably
jaundiced unprejudiced jot v. 간단히 적어두다
: to write briefly or hurriedly
jaunty adj. (태도가)경쾌한 : LIVELY : set down in the form of a note
: sprightly in manner or appearance nip : eat :: jot : write
staid ↔ jaunty jot : write :: skim : read
jazz n. 재즈 jovial adj. 즐거운/유쾌한

portrait : painting :: jazz : music : markedly good-humored especially as evidenced by
jollity and conviviality
jealousy n. 질투 jovial ↔ mournful/drab/morose
: a jealous disposition, attitude, or feeling saturnine ↔ jovial
attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous(<) maudlin ↔ jovial
joviality ↔ moroseness
jejune adj. 불모의/지루한 : DULL lugubrious ↔ jovial
: devoid of significance or interest
labyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interest jubilant adj. 매우 기쁜 : EXULTANT
jejune ↔ thought provoking dolorous ↔ jubilant
jerk v. 갑자기 움직이다 judicious adj. 현명한 : DISCREET

: to give a quick suddenly arrested push, pull, or twist : having, exercising, or characterized by sound
to judgment
daft ↔ judicious
jest n. 농담/익살 judicious ↔ imprudent
: an utterance (as a jeer or quip) intended to be taken
84
juggernaut n. 거대한 파괴력이 있는 것/불가항력

: a massive inexorable force, campaign, movement, or
object that crushes whatever is in its path
juggernaut : unstoppable :: enigma : impenetrable
juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization :
spontaneous
juggernaut : crush :: quisling : betray
siren : unresistant :: juggernaut : unstoppable
jumble v. 뒤범벅을 만들다

: to mix into a confused or disordered mass
mixture : jumble :: ??
justify v. 정당화하다
justify ↔ argue against
juxtapose v. (비교,대조 땜 시)나란히 놓다
85
K
kangaroo n. 캥가루
kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent
ken n. 시야
: the range of vision
earshot : hear :: ken : see
kindle v. 부채질하다/불 붙이다 : AROUSE

: to stir up
kindred n. 혈연 관계/유사함
: a group of related persons, as a clan or tribe
kindred ↔ unsimilarity
kindred ↔ dissimilar
kink n. 꼬임
: a short tight twist or curl caused by a doubling or
winding of something upon itself
kiss v. 키스
scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection
/hurl : disgust
knack n. 요령/비결
: a clever, expedient way of doing something
redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack
knack ↔ ineptitude/awkwardness
knave n. 부정직한 놈/악당

: a tricky deceitful fellow
sage : judgment :: knave : deceit
knave : rogue :: jack : man
knead v. 반죽하다
: to work and press into a mass with or as if with the
hands
knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable
knit v. 쥐어 짜다/뜨개질하다
: to form by interlacing yarn or thread in a series of
connected loops with needles
knit : yarn :: study : reconditeness
ravel ↔ knit
knotty adj. 옹이 있는/해결하기에 복잡한

: so full of difficulties and complications as to be likely to
defy solution
knotty ↔ easy
knotty ↔ simple
kudos n. 명예/칭찬
: acclaim or praise for exceptional achievement
kudos ↔ disparagement
86
L lampoon n. 풍자[글]
: a harsh satire usually directed against an individual
panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize
satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort
labile adj. 불안정한/변하기 쉬운 : UNSTABLE paean ↔ harshly lampoon
: readily or continually undergoing chemical, physical, or
biological change or breakdown landfill n. 쓰레기 매립지
: readily open to change cistern : liquids :: landfill : refuse
labile ↔ stable
labile ↔ immutable landlord n. 여관 주인
labile ↔ permanent
landslide n. 산사태/대승리
labored adj. (언행)부자연스러운/서투른 : the usually rapid downward movement of a mass of
: lacking ease of expression rock, earth, or artificial fill on a slope ; the mass that
glib ↔ labored moves down
: an overwhelming victory
labyrinth n. 미로/복잡함 : INTRICACY, PERPLEXITY droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide
: something extremely complex or tortuous in structure, landslide ↔ debacle
arrangement, or character
labyrinthine : simplicity :: jejune : interest(#) lane n. 좁은 길
threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine :
directness(#) languid adj. (허약,피로)나른한/열의 없는 : WEAK
ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct(#) : sluggish in character or disposition
labyrinth ↔ simplicity languid : energy :: desultory : plan
labyrinthine ↔ simple languid ↔ energetic
vivacious ↔ languid
lacerate adj/v. [마음,감정]상처 받은/상하게 하다 vehement ↔ languid
: extremely harrowed or distracted
: to cause sharp mental or emotional pain to languish v. 시들다
languish ↔ thrive
lackluster adj/n. 빛[광택]이 없는/활기[광택]없음 :
DULL, MEDIOCRE languor n. 쇠약/무기력 : LETHARGY
: lacking in sheen, brilliance, or vitality : weakness or weariness of body or mind
resplendent ↔ lackluster : listless indolence or inertia
lackluster ↔ radiant languor ↔ alacrity
refulgent ↔ lackluster
burnish ↔ lackluster lank adj. 호리호리한 : SLENDER, THIN
: not well filled out
laconic adj. 간결한/무뚝뚝한 lank ↔ stalwart
: using or involving the use of a minimum of words :
concise to the point of seeming rude or mysterious lapse n. 사소한 실수
audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration : a slight error typically due to forgetfulness or
laconic ↔ loquacious inattention
laconic ↔ voluble lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality(<)
laconism ↔ verbosity misdemeanor : crime :: lapse : error(<)
voluble ↔ taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent inkling : indication :: lapse : error(<)
lambaste v. 몹시 꾸짖다 : CENSURE, BERATE larder n. 식료품 저장실 : PANTRY

: to scold sharply larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes
larder : provisions :: vault : valuables
lamentable adj. 애석한 : MOURNFUL
: inspiring or deserving of lament or regret largesse n. 아낌없이 줌/후함
lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure : liberal giving (as of money) to or as if to an inferior
celebration :: lamentable :: slight :: respectful(#) largesse ↔ parsimony
laminate v. 박판으로 자르다 lariat n. 올가미 : LASSO

: to separate into laminate lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd
laminate : divide :: ??
lash v. 채찍으로 때리다/몰아가다
87
lash ↔ unbind : to cast a sidelong glance

stare : leer :: peruse : smattering
lassitude n. 나른함/귀찮음 : FATIGUE
lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge(#) leery adj. 의심 많은 : SUSPICIOUS, WARY
arrogance : defer :: lassitude : stir leery ↔ showing no doubt
lassitude ↔ vim/animation
lassitude ↔ verve legacy n. 유산
legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor
latent adj. 잠복성의
latency : response :: incubation : disease legend n. 범례/전설적 인물
latent ↔ manifest : an explanatory list of the symbols on a map or chart
: a person or thing that inspires legends
lathe n. 선반 glossary : text :: legend : map
: a machine in which work is rotated about a horizontal legendary ↔ obscure
axis and shaped by a fixed tool
lathe : shape :: clasp : fasten legible adj. 읽기 쉬운 : PLAIN
legible : decipher :: ??
latitude n. (행동,사상 등의)자유
: freedom of action or choice legion n. 다수
latitude ↔ strict constraint legion ↔ lack in number
latitude ↔ tight restraint
lenient adj. 너그러운
laudatory adj. 칭찬의 : inclined not to be harsh or strict; merciful, generous,
: expressing or conferring praise or indulgent
counsel : advice :: laud : homage(<) martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication
execrable ↔ commendable/laudable draconian ↔ lenient
pejorative ↔ laudatory
laud ↔ revile/blame lethal adj. 치명적인 : DEVASTATING
disagreeable : hateful :: harmful : lethal(<)
lavish adj/v. 헤픈/넉넉한/아낌없이 주다
excoriate ↔ extol/praise lavishly lethargy n. 무감각/무기력한 상태
lavish ↔ mean/hoard : the quality or state of being lazy, sluggish, or
lavish ↔ stint indifferent
penurious ↔ lavish lethargy : energy :: ??
lavish ↔ austere
levee n. 제방
lax adj. 엄하지 않은/느슨한 levee : river :: cordon : crowd
lax ↔ taut rampart : invasion :: levee : flood
stringent ↔ lax padding : damage :: levee : flooding
leaden adj. (납처럼) 무거운/활기 없는 levelheaded adj. 분별 있는 : SENSIBLE

: lacking spirit or animation : having sound judgment
vivacious ↔ leaden levelheaded ↔ foolish
buoyant ↔ leaden
leverage n. 영향력
leakage n. 누출/누설 : positional advantage ; power to act effectively
seal : leakage :: lubricate : abrasion publicity : attention :: leverage : advantage(=)
leaven v. 효모로 발효시키다 levity n. 경솔/변덕

: to raise (as bread) with a leaven : excessive or unseemly frivolity
distill : purity :: leaven : volume : lack of steadiness
sullen : levity :: ??
lectern n. 성서대
lexicographer n. 사전 편찬자
ledger n. 원장부 cartographer : map :: lexicographer : dictionary
: a book containing accounts to which debits and credits
are posted from books of original entry liability n. 책임/부채
exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty
leer n/v. 곁눈질[하다] asset ↔ liability
88
liaison n. 연락/교섭 limpid adj. 맑은/투명한 : PELLUCID

: characterized by transparent clearness
liberal adj. 후한/관대한 : OPENHANDED limpid ↔ murky
nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality limpid ↔ unclear
parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen(#) murky ↔ clear/pellucid/limpid
liberal ↔ parsimonious nebulous ↔ limpid
liberalist ↔ enfetterist
linen n. 아마실
liberate v. 해방하다 : FREE : thread or yarn spun from flax
: to set at liberty; to free (as a country) from clay : porcelain :: flax : linen
domination by a foreign power flannel : cloth :: linen : fabric
liberate ↔ shackle
linoleum n. 마루판
libertine n. 방탕자 varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum
: a person who is unrestrained by convention or
morality ; one leading a dissolute life lingering adj. 질질끄는
caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious lingering ↔ fleeting
ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine lint n. 붕대용 솜
ludicrous : buffoon :: humorous : wag : downy material obtained by scraping linen cloth and
emotion : effusive :: liberty : licentious used for dressing wounds
lint : bleeding :: brake : motion
liberty n. 자유
management ↔ unfettered liberty lissome adj. 나긋나긋한/날렵한 : SUPPLE, NIMBLE
: easily flexed
libretto n. 오페라 가사 : having the ability to move with ease
libretto : opera :: lyrics : song lissome : lithe :: ??
lissome ↔ ungainly
licentious adj. 방탕한 lissome ↔ solid
: lacking legal or moral restraints
: marked by disregard for strict rules of correctness list n. 기욺 : TILT
caviler : carping :: libertine : licentious : a deviation from the vertical
voluble : speech :: licentious : dissoluteness list ↔ upright
licentiousness ↔ moral restraint
lithe adj. (발레 선수)유연한/우아한
lien n. 선취 특권(담보용) : characterized by easy flexibility and grace
: a charge upon real or personal property for the lithe ↔ awkward
satisfaction of some debt or duty ordinarily arising by
operation of law livid adj. 격노한
lien : claim :: subpoena : command : extremely angry
livid : angry :: despondent : discouraged(>)
liken v. 견주다 : COMPARE
liken : similarity :: discriminate : difference loath adj. 어째 걸쩍지근한
: unwilling to do something contrary to one's ways of
limber adj. 유연한 : FLEXIBLE thinking
limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty loath ↔ eager
limerick n. 5행시 loathe v. 겁나게 싫어하다

farce : performance :: limerick : poem : to dislike (someone or something) greatly
limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike(>)
dislike : loathing :: pleasure : bliss
limousine n. 리무진 loathe ↔ amusing
mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile
loathsome adj. 역겨운/지긋지긋한 : DISGUSTING
limp adj. 축 늘어진/활기 없는 : SPIRITLESS loathsome ↔ delectable
: lacking firm texture, substance, or structure
: lacking in strength, vigor, or firmness lode n. 광맥
limp ↔ firm : an ore deposit
89

lug v. (무거운 것)을 끌다
lofty adj. 고귀한/거만한 : SUPERIOR lug : carry :: trudge : walk
: elevated in status
ignominious ↔ lofty lugubrious adj. (특히 과장되게) 슬퍼하는
lofty ↔ mean : exaggeratedly or affectedly mournful
lofty ↔ casting down lugubrious ↔ jovial
lugubriousness ↔ cheerfulness
loll v. 빈둥거리다/축 늘어지다
: to act or move in a lax, lazy, or indolent manner lull v/n. 달래다/진정된 상태 : SOOTHE
loll ↔ move vigorously : to cause to sleep or rest
: to cause to relax vigilance
longing n. 갈망 : a temporary pause or decline in activity
longing : pine :: remorse : rue lull ↔ hectic period
lull ↔ intense discussion
lopsided adj. 치우친/한쪽으로 기운 lull ↔ revive
: leaning to one side startle ↔ lull
: lacking in balance, symmetry, or proportion :
disproportionately heavy on one side lumber v. [탱크]육중하게 움직이다
even handed ↔ lopsided : to walk or move with heavy clumsiness
lumber ↔ glide
loquacious adj. 수다스러운
: given to fluent or excessive talk lung n. 폐
loquacious : complain :: obsequious : respect lung : respire :: tooth : masticate
loquacious : word :: profligate : money
loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous lurch v. 비틀거리다 : PITCH, STAGGER
loquacious : talkative :: reckless : adventurous : to roll or tip abruptly
loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly(#) lurch ↔ progress smoothly
loquacious : talkative :: cloying : sweet
flattery : praise :: loquaciousness : talkativeness(>) lurk v. 잠복하다/잠행하다 : SKULK, SNEAK, SLINK
garrulous/loquacious : words :: prodigal : money : to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an
laconic ↔ loquacious evil
loquacious ↔ taciturn : to move furtively or inconspicuously
reticent ↔ loquacious lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate
lurk : wait :: abscond : depart
lottery n. 복권 lurk : move :: purloin : appropriate
lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission lurk：concealment :: espouse：marriage
lounge v. 빈둥거리다/어슬렁거리다 lush adj. 파릇파릇한

: to act or move idly or lazily : growing vigorously especially with luxuriant foliage
lush ↔ withered
loutish adj. 막되먹은/촌놈의
: resembling or befitting a lout luxuriant adj. 사치스러운
genteel ↔ loutish luxuriant ↔ Spartan
loyal adj. 충직한

exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty(#)
snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty(=)
lubricate v. 기름을 치다
: to make smooth or slippery
oil : lubricate :: antiseptic : disinfect
lucid adj. 명쾌한/투명한

lucid ↔ murky/vague
lucubration n. 부단한 연구
: Laborious study or meditation
lucubration ↔ cursory consideration
90
M work
malinger : ail :: flatter : appreciate
parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk
hoard : miser :: malinger : shirk
macerate v. [물로]부드럽게 하다 malinger : work :: shirk : duty
: to make soft by soaking or steeping in a liquid malinger : duty :: camouflage : detection
macerate ↔ harden by drying
malleable adj. 누들누들한
maelstrom n. 대혼란 : capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces
: a powerful often violent whirlpool sucking in objects or influences
within a given radius friable : crumble :: malleable : alter
maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable
malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion
magnificent adj. 고결한/웅장한 malleable ↔ hard to shape
magnificent ↔ base
malodorous adj. 악취가 나는
magnanimity n. 배포가 큼 malodorous : smell :: cacophonous : sound
: loftiness of spirit enabling one to bear trouble calmly, cacophony : sound :: malodor : scent
to disdain meanness and pettiness, and to display a
noble generosity management n. 경영 수완/통제
magnanimity ↔ grudge management ↔ ineffectiveness
management ↔ unfettered liberty
maladroit adj. 솜씨 없는 : INEPT manageable ↔ intractable/incorrigible
: lacking adroitness
maladroit : deft :: expedite : foot-dragging(#) mandatory adj. 의무적인 : OBLIGATORY
maladroit : skill :: glib : profundity : containing or constituting a command
maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse mandatory : comply :: forbidden : abstain
complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit(#) discretionary ↔ mandatory
deft ↔ maladroit
[mal: 나쁜 의미] maneuverable adj. 다루기 쉬운
maneuverable ↔ intractable
malaise n. 불안,불편한 감정
: a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at the mangle v. 난도질하다/엉망으로 만들다
beginning of an illness : to injure with deep disfiguring wounds by cutting,
malaise ↔ cheerful feeling tearing, or crushing
mangle ↔ praise extravagantly
malcontent adj/n. 불만있는(놈) : DISCONTENTED
: dissatisfied with the existing state of affairs mangy adj. 초라한/비열한
dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain : having many worn or bare spots
daredevil : ? :: malcontent : dissatisfaction mangy ↔ sleek
sycophant : fawn :: malcontent : complain mangy ↔ decorous
malicious adj. 악의적인 manic adj. 매니아적인

: given to, marked by, or arising from malice : affected with, relating to, or resembling mania
malicious : ill will :: exaggerating : hyperbole hidebound : conservative :: manic : interested(>)
malicious : ill will :: diligent : effort {peeved : annoyed}는 답아님!
expansive ↔ malicious enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia(<)
malfunction n. 기능 장애 manifest n. 적하목록

: failure to function : a list of passengers or an invoice of cargo for a vehicle
fail-safe : malfunction :: ?? (as a ship or plane)
inventory : merchandise :: manifest : cargo
malign adj/v. 악의 있는/욕설을 내밷다 repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting
: having or showing intense often vicious ill will repertoire : performance :: manifest : cargo
malign : ill will :: diligent : effort
extol ↔ malign manipulate v. 잘 다루다/속이다
: to manage or utilize skillfully
malinger v. 꾀병 부리다 : to change by artful or unfair means so as to serve
: to pretend incapacity (as illness) so as to avoid duty or one's purpose
91
dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict

manipulative ↔ guileless matchless adj. 상대가 없는 : PEERLESS
: having no equal
mansion n. 고급주택 matchless ↔ equal
: a large imposing residence
mansion : residence :: limousine : automobile matriculate v/n. 입학하다/입학자
: to enroll as a member of a body and especially of a
manumit v. 해방하다 college or university
: to free from slavery or bondage inauguration : official :: matriculation : student
manumit ↔ enslave inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation(#)
detain ↔ manumit commencement ↔ matriculation
manuscript n. 원고 mattress n. 매트리스

archive : manuscript :: arsenal : weapon tablecloth : table :: sheet : mattress
mar v. 망쳐놓다 maudlin adj. 눈물이 헤픈(감상적인)

: to impair the soundness, perfection, or integrity of; : weakly and effusively sentimental
spoil maudlin : sentimental :: obsequious: deferential (>)
burnish : dull :: mar : flawless maudlin ↔ unsentimental
mar ↔ enhance
maven n. 박식한 놈
marshy adj. 습한 : one who is experienced or knowledgeable
marsh : sodden :: desert : arid maven : experience :: luminary : eminence
marshy ↔ arid
maverick n. 어미소에서 떨어진 낙인 없는
marsupial n. 유대동물 송아지/비주류
kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent : an independent individual who does not go along with
a group or party
martinet n. 규율에 엄격한 놈 dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group
: One who demands absolute adherence to forms and maverick ↔ follower
rules maverick ↔ conform to tradition
martinet : discipline :: pedant : learning
{gourmet : food}는 답아님! mawkish adj. [나쁜 의미로]몹시 감상적인(유치하게)
stickler : exacting :: martinet : discipline : sickly or puerilely sentimental
martinet : leniency :: dabbler : dedication mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship(>)
martinet ↔ indulgent person mawkish : sentimental :: stodgy : conservative(>)
mawkish : sentimental :: gullible : trustable(>)
marvel n/v. 경이로움/경탄하다 {peeved : annoyed}는 답아님!
: something that causes wonder or astonishment mawkish ↔ unsentimental
marvel ↔ mean meager adj. 빈약한

pedestrian ↔ marvelous : deficient in quality or quantity
amplitude ↔ meagerness
masquerade v. ~인 체하다/거짓 꾸미다
: to assume the appearance of something one is not mean adj. 하찮은/초라한
dissemble : information :: masquerade : feeling mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance
lavish ↔ mean
massive adj. 체격이 큰 mean ↔ noble
massive ↔ slight
meander n/v. 꼬불꼬불함/우회/정처 없이 다니다
masticate v. 아작아작 씹다 : to follow a winding and turning course
: to grind or crush (food) with or as if with the teeth in : to move aimlessly and idly without fixed direction
preparation for swallowing waft : plummet :: meander : dash(#)
lung : respire :: tooth : masticate meander ↔ move purposively
{eye : envision, ear : resonate}는 답아님!
measly adj. 보잘것없는
master n. 정통한 놈 : contemptibly small
masterful ↔ inept measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly
master : experience :: luminary : eminence measly ↔ grand
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melody n. 선율 : TUNEFULNESS
measured adj. 균형 잡힌/신중한 : DELIBERATE : a sweet or agreeable succession or arrangement of
: marked by due proportion sounds
measure : dimension :: analyze : nature melody : song :: ??
measured ↔ reckless pleasurable : paradise :: melodious : lyric
measured ↔ inappropriate cacophony : melody :: genteel : churl
melodious ↔ jarring
meddlesome adj. 참견하기 좋아하는
: inclined to meddle or interfere membrane n. 세포막
attentive : meddlesome :: envious : jealous(<) pore : membrane :: door : wall
attentive : meddlesome :: laconic : curt cell : membrane :: seed : hull
officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel door : wall :: eyelid : eye
meddlesome : pry :: contentious : argue
menace v. 위협[협박]하다
media n. 매개체 : to make a show of intention to harm
plantation : tobacco :: media : bacteria odious : disgust :: menacing : fear
odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear
mediate v. 중재하다
: to interpose between parties in order to reconcile them mend v. 고쳐서 보수하다
intercessor : mediate :: translator : interpret : to put into good shape or working order again
intercessor : mediate :: augur : predict rend ↔ mend
mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction mend: 상하거나 망가진 것을 원래대로 보수한다는 일반적인
말로 규모가 작고 간단한 것을 수리할 때 씀.
mediocre adj. 그져 평범한 : ORDINARY darn: 감쳐 기워서 수선하는 것.
: of moderate or low quality, value, ability, or patch: 구멍이 터진 곳을 같은 질의 재료로 수리하는 것으로,
performance 임시 또는 급한 대로 대용하는 수리를 말함.
virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned repair: 규모가 크고 복잡한 기술을 필요로 하는 것을 수리할
virtuosity ↔ mediocrity 때 씀
meditate v. 심사숙고하다 mendacity n. 허위/거짓

ambiguous : clarity :: mendacious : truth
medley n. 메들리 mendacious ↔ honest
montage : images :: medley : songs veracious ↔ mendacious
mendacity ↔ honesty/truthfulness
meet adj. 적당한 mendacity ↔ candor
: precisely adapted to a particular situation, need, or mendacity ↔ veracity
circumstance
: very proper mentor n. 믿을 만한 조언자
meet ↔ unfit : a trusted counselor or guide
mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy
meld v. 병합하다 mentor : guide :: charlatan : deceive
meld ↔ divide
melded ↔ separate mercenary adj/n. 돈독이 오른/용병
: one that serves merely for wages; especially :a
meliorism n. 개선주의 soldier hired into foreign service
: the belief that society has an innate tendency toward mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge
improvement and that this tendency may be furthered mercenary : soldier :: hack : writer
through conscious human effort.
meliorism : progress :: egalitarian : equity mercurial adj. 변덕스러운
: characterized by rapid and unpredictable
melodious adj. 듣기 좋은 changeableness of mood
melodious ↔ jarring mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior
mellifluous adj. 감미로운 scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy
: flowing with sweetness or honey mercurial ↔ constant
mellifluous : music :: ambrosial : food
mellifluous : sound :: savory : taste merited adj. 마땅한
mellifluous ↔ raspy : deserved, be worthy of or entitled or liable to
condign ↔ undeserved/unmerited
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gratuitous ↔ merited : vigor and strength of spirit or temperament

merited ↔ unsuitable insight : discern :: mettle : endure
mettle ↔ craven
mesh v. 맞물리게하다
: to cause (as gears) to engage miff n. 하찮은 다툼
disengage ↔ mesh : a trivial quarrel
miff : quarrel :: foible : flaw
mesmerism n. 거부하기 힘든 매혹: HYPNOTISM
: hypnotic induction held to involve animal magnetism migratory adj. 이주하는
zeal : dedication :: mesmerism : interest migratory ↔ sedentary
exhaustive : careful :: mesmerized : interesting
mill n. 정미소
messy adj. 난잡한/지저분한 : a building provided with machinery for grinding grain
into flour
metamorphose v. 변형되다 refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain
: to change into a wholly different form or appearance
metamorphose remain unaltered milk v. 단물 다 빨아먹다/착취하다
: to draw or coerce profit or advantage from illicitly or to
metaphor n. 은유법 an extreme degree
: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally milk : extract :: exploit : utilize(>)
denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of
another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them mime v. 흉내내다
(as in drowning in money); : to act a part with mimic gesture and action usually
metaphor : literal :: ??(#) without words
?? :: metaphor : description parody : style :: mime : gesture
equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense charade : word :: mime : story
equivocation : truth :: obfuscation : clarity
euphemism : offense :: ambiguity : comprehension mimicry n. 의태(보호색등의 변장술)
{metaphor : description}는 답아님! : a superficial resemblance of one organism to another
or to natural objects among which it lives that secures it
meteoric adj. 일시적인/급속한 a selective advantage (as protection from predation)
: resembling a meteor in speed or in sudden and mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation
temporary brilliance
fleeting : pass :: meteoric : rise minaret n. 회교사원의 뾰족탑
meteoric : constancy :: archaic : currency(#) spire : church :: minaret : mosque
meteoric : plod :: ??
meteoric ↔ plodding/gradual minatory adj. 위협적인
: of a menacing or threatening nature
meteorology n. 기상학 minatory ↔ reassuring
demography : population :: meteorology : weather minatory ↔ non-threatening
methodical adj. 꼼꼼한/질서 정연한 mince v. 뽐내며 잔걸음질하다

: characterized by ordered and systematic habits or : to walk with short steps in a prim affected manner
behavior sip : drink :: mince : walk
methodical slipshod quaff : sip :: stride : mince
methodical haphazard
mingle v. 뒤섞다 : INTERMIX
meticulous adj. 지나치게 세심한 : to bring or mix together or with something else usually
: marked by extreme or excessive care in the without fundamental loss of identity
consideration or treatment of details mingle ↔ separate
firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous sequester ↔ permit to mingle
{meticulous : finicky} 는 답아님! minion n. 앞잡이/오른팔
meticulous carelessness : a servile dependent, follower, or underling
minion : dependent :: groveler : petitioner
metrical adj. 운율의
scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical mint v/n. 화폐 주조하다/다량
: to make (as coins) out of metal
mettle n. 기개/씩씩함 : COURAGE : a vast sum or amount
94
strike : medal :: mint : coin miscreant : criminal :: visionary : delusion

mint ↔ modicum miscreant ↔ law-abiding individual
miscreant ↔ saint
minuscule adj/n. 아주 작은/소문자
: very small misdemeanor n. 나쁜 행실/경범죄
: a lowercase letter crime : misdemeanor :: commitment : decision(>)
small : minuscule :: moist : saturated(<) misdemeanor : crime :: lapse : error(<)
minuscule : letter :: minnow : fish
miser n. 구두쇠
minute adj. 미세한/하찮은 miser : munificent :: zealot : blasé
minute ↔ gargantuan miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal
minutia n. 세부 사항 /sycophant : fawn /pundit : opine
: a minute or minor detail parsimony : miser :: rebelliousness : insurgent
minutia ↔ essential point miser : stingy :: sage : judicious
minutia ↔ lengthy document spendthrift ↔ miser
miracle n. 기적 miserly adj. 인색한/수전노 같은

prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence : of, relating to, or characteristic of a miser; especially :
ordinary ↔ miraculous marked by grasping meanness and penuriousness
frugal : miserly :: confident : arrogant(<)
mirage n. 신기루/환각
: something illusory and unattainable misfortune n. 불운
maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory boon ↔ misfortune
mire v. 곤경에 빠뜨리다 misgiving n. 의혹/걱정

: to cause to be caught up in difficulties : feeling of doubt, distrust, or apprehension
mire ↔ extricate misgiving ↔ certainty
compunction ↔ absence of misgiving
mirth n. 환희
: gladness or gaiety as shown by or accompanied with mishap n. 불운
laughter catastrophe : mishap :: humiliation : embarrassment(>)
mirth : laughter :: approval : applause mishap : accidence :: peccadillo : offence
oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic
misanthropy n. 사람을 싫어함/염세
: a hatred or distrust of mankind mislead v. 오해하게 하다
misanthropist : humane :: ascetic : voluptuary : to lead in a wrong direction or into a mistaken action
beneficent : misanthropist :: ?：daredevil or belief often by deliberate deceit
mislead ↔ disabuse
misbehave v. 못된 짓을 하다
: to behave (oneself) in an inappropriate way misread v. 오해하다/해석을 잘못하다
castigation : disapproval :: crime : misbehavior : to misinterpret or misunderstand
lapse : error :: misbehavior : criminality(<) misread ↔ interpret correctly
reprobate : misbehave :: sycophant : fawn
misnomer n. 오칭
miscreant n. 악인
: one who behaves criminally or viciously misrepresent v. 잘못 전하다
miscreant : criminal :: visionary : delusion tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate
miscreant ↔ saint
mite n. 작은 창조물
mischievous adj. 유해한/짓궂은 : very small object, creature, or particle
: able or tending to cause annoyance, trouble, or minor mite : creature :: speck : amount
injury ; irresponsibly playful
insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp mitigate v. 경감시키다 : ALLEVIATE
tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous(=) : to moderate (a quality or condition) in force or
rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy intensity
mitigate : severe :: qualify : general
miscreant adj/n. 사악한/나쁜 놈 mitigate ↔ exacerbate
: one who behaves criminally or viciously
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mnemonics n. 기억술 fledging ↔ molt

: system to develop or improve the memory
hygienics : health :: mnemonics : memory momentous adj. 중대한 : IMPORTANT,
regimen : health :: mnemonics : memory CONSEQUENTIAL
mnemonics : remember :: staff : walk : of utmost importance ; of outstanding significance or
consequence
mobility n. 운동성 : MOVABLE atrocious : bad :: momentous : important(>)
splint : mobility :: ballast : instability
splint : mobility :: purchase : slippery momentum n. 추진력
splint : immobilize :: duct : convey oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter
mockery n. 조롱 monotonous adj. 단조로운/변화가 거의 없는

: specific act of ridicule or derision : uttered or sounded in one unvarying tone : marked by
diatribe : abuse :: burlesque : mockery a sameness of pitch and intensity
patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery : tediously uniform or unvarying
monotonous ↔ piebald
moderate vt/adj. 완화하다/절제하는 monotonous ↔ multifarious
exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty(#)
moderate : intensify :: extenuate : seriousness monochromatic adj. 단색의
: having or consisting of one color or hue
modicum n. 소량 iridescent ↔ monochromatic
: a small portion chromatic ↔ colorless
: a limited quantity
inkling : knowledge :: modicum : quantity monocle n. 단안경
modicum ↔ mint : an eyeglass for one eye
modicum ↔ large amount monocle : eye :: ??
molar n. 어금니 monopolize v. 독점권을 얻다

rib : bone :: molar : tooth
monotone adj. 단조로운 : MONOTONIC
molding n. 장식 모양 vociferous ↔ reticent/monotone
hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt
hem : garment :: molding : cabinet montage n. 몽타주
: a composite picture made by combining several
mogul n. 중요한 인물/거물 separate pictures
: a rich or powerful person montage : images :: medley : songs
mogul ↔ nonentity zigzag : turns :: montage : images
mollify v. 완화하다 : APPEASE morass n. 곤경

: to soothe in temper or disposition : something that traps, confuses, or impedes
mollification : soothe :: indemnity : secure morass : irritating :: ??
mollify : anger :: heart : dejection
mollify ↔ rouse moratorium n. 지불 유예/활동 금지
mollify ↔ vex : a legally authorized period of delay in the performance
mollify ↔ rankle of a legal obligation or the payment of a debt
vex/rankle ↔ mollify : a suspension of activity
discommode pacificate/ease/mollify reprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activity
mollify ↔ antagonize/ire fast : eat :: moratorium : act
pique ↔ mollify moratorium : activity :: respite : labor
mollify ↔ nettle
morbid adj. 병에 걸린/음울한
mollycoddle v. 응석 받아주다 : affected with or induced by disease
: to surround with an excessive or absurd degree of morbid ↔ wholesome
indulgence and attention morbid ↔ hale
chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle(<)
mollycoddle ↔ treat harshly mordant adj. 신랄한 : INCISIVE
mordant ↔ genial
molt n/v. 털갈이[하다] : ECDYSIS
molt : feathers :: shed : hair moribund adj. 죽어 가는/빈사 상태의
96
: being in the state of dying : approaching death stanza : poem :: movement : orchestra
moribund ↔ beginning
moribund ↔ nascent muddy adj. 분명치 않은
: obscure in meaning
morose adj. 시무룩한 muddy ↔ clear
: having a sullen and gloomy disposition
morose ↔ cheerful muffle v. (소리 안 나게)을 싸다
sanguine ↔ morose : to wrap or pad with something to dull the sound
jovial ↔ morose plangent ↔ muffled
jocund ↔ morose resonant ↔ muffled
rejoicing ↔ morose
mulish adj. 고집 센
mortar n. 절구통 : unreasonably and inflexibly obstinate
hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar despicable : value :: mulish : flexibility
mortar : grind :: canvas : paint flexible ↔ mulish
pliant ↔ mulish
mosaic n. 모자이크[세공]
mosaic : ceramic :: patchwork : cloth mull n. 심사 숙고 : PONDER
piece : jigsaw puzzle :: tile : mosaic
multifarious adj. 다방면에 걸친 : DIVERSE
mosque n. 이슬람 사원 : having or occurring in great variety
spire : church :: minaret : mosque monotonous ↔ multifarious
multifarious ↔ lacking diversity
mosquito n. 모기
mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter mumble v. 우물우물 말하다
: to utter with a low inarticulate voice
moth-eaten adj. 낡은/시대에 뒤떨어진 enunciate ↔ mumble
moth-eaten ↔ fresh and new murmur : 잘 알아들을 수 없을 정도의 작은 소리로
중얼거리다.
motile adj. 운동성의 mumble : 입을 그다지 열지 않고 불명료하게 우물우물
: exhibiting or capable of movement 말하다.
motility ↔ stasis mutter : 상대방이 알아들을 수 없을 정도의 작은 소리로
불만 등을 중얼거리다.
motivate v. 동기를 주다 : IMPEL
exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir mundane adj. 평범한/속세의 : COMMONPLACE
exhortation : motivate :: invective : discredit : of, relating to, or characteristic of the world
fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist : characterized by the practical, transitory, and ordinary
mundane ↔ exotic
motley adj. 잡색의/잡동사니의 mundane ↔ extraordinary
: variegated in color mundane ↔ unusual
: composed of diverse often incongruous elements
motley ↔ colorless municipality n. 지방 자치제
motley ↔ unique
motley ↔ unvaried munificent adj. 후한
: very liberal in giving or bestowing
mottle v. 얼룩덜룩하게 하다 miser : munificent :: zealot : blasé
: to mark with spots or blotches of different color or
shades of color as if stained mural n. 벽화
striated : groove :: mottled/dappled : spot petrography : rock :: mural : wall
mottle ↔ blanch
mottled ↔ homogenous murky adj. 자욱한/어두운
mottled ↔ solid : darkly vague or obscure
limpid ↔ murky
mournful adj. 슬픔에 잠긴 : GLOOMY murky ↔ clear
: causing sorrow or melancholy pellucid ↔ murky
jovial ↔ mournful
revelry ↔ mournfulness murmur v. 중얼거리다
croon : sing :: murmur : speak
movement n. 악장
97
mushroom v. 버섯처럼 급속히 번지다

: to spring up suddenly or multiply rapidly
mutation n. 변화/돌연변이
: a significant and basic alteration
: an individual strain or trait resulting from mutation
mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation
mute v. 소리를 죽이다

mute ↔ amplify
myopia n. 통찰력 결여/근시안

: a lack of foresight or discernment
: a narrow view of something
myopic ↔ discerning
myopia ↔ prescience
myopic farseeing
shrewd ↔ myopic
myriad adj. 무수한

countless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number
:: everlasting/interminable : duration
myriad few
98
N negotiate v. 협상하다
: to confer with another so as to arrive at the settlement
of some matter
clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations
nadir n. 천저 negotiator : agreement :: ??
: the lowest point tenacious ↔ negotiable
nadir ↔ summit
nadir ↔ acme neophyte n. 초심자 : PROSELYTE
inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel
nag v. 잔소리 엄청하다
: to annoy by constant scolding, complaining, or urging nepotism n. 친척 등용
: favoritism (as in appointment to a job) based on
naive adj. 순진하긴 : CREDULOUS kinship
: lacking worldly experience and understanding nepotism : relative :: cronyism : friend
guile : naive :: tardy : prompt nepotism : favoritism :: embezzlement : fraud
worldly ↔ naive nepotism : relative :: jingoism : nationality
narcissism n. 자기도취증 nerve v. 용기를 북돋우다

: love of or sexual desire for one's own body : to give strength or courage to : supply with physical or
narcissist : self-absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious moral force
narcissism : love :: guilt : blame(>) appall ↔ embolden/nerve
nervy ↔ diffident
nascent adj. 막 생긴/신생의
: coming or having recently come into existence nestle v. 아늑하게 자리잡다
moribund ↔ nascent : to settle snugly and comfortably
nestle ↔ flinch/recoil/shrink
natty adj. 말쑥한 : SMART
: trimly neat and tidy nettle v. 화나게 하다/초조하게 하다
natty ↔ slovenly : to arouse to sharp but transitory annoyance or anger
nauseate v. 구역질 나게 하다 imputable : nettle :: ??

: to feel disgust mollify ↔ nettle
vertigo : nauseate :: ?? conciliate ↔ nettle
naysayer n. 거부자 neutralize v. 중립화하다/상쇄하다

: one who denies, refuses, opposes, or is skeptical or : to counteract the activity or effect of
cynical about something :make ineffective
concur ↔ naysay neutralize : effectiveness :: ??
nebulous adj. 막연한 : INDISTINCT, VAGUE nibble v. 조금씩 먹다

: lacking definite form or limits : to eat or chew in small bits
nebulous ↔ distinct/unambiguous quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble
nebulous ↔ clear swill : sip :: gobble : nibble
nebulous ↔ limpid
nicety n. 정확성/미세한 차이
needy adj. 궁핍한 : POVERTY-STRICKEN : careful attention to details : delicate exactness
: being in want : a fine point, small detail, or subtle distinction
affluent ↔ needy nicety : precision :: illusion : fantasy
nicety : distinction :: intimation : communication
nefarious adj. 사악한 : EVIL nicety : distinction :: spoof : parody
: flagrantly wicked or impious
nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality nil n. 무(無)
nefarious ↔ virtuous nil : quantity :: vacuum : matter
nefarious ↔ above reproach
nefarious ↔ beyond reproach nip v. 조금씩 마시다 : TIPPLE
nefarious ↔ exemplary : to take liquor in nips
nip : drink :: jot : write
negative n. 부정의
nitpick v. 하찮은 흠잡다
99
: to be concerned with or find fault with insignificant : words or language having no meaning or conveying no
details intelligible ideas
nitpick : criticize :: cavil : object(<) nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast
nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil
nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon nostrum n. 민간 요법/특효약
: a medicine of secret composition recommended by its
nocturnal adj. 야행성의 preparer but usually without scientific proof of its
diurnal ↔ nocturnal effectiveness
nocturnal happening during daytime
notch n. V형 눈금
noisome adj. 해로운/역겨운 serrated ↔ without notches/smooth
: offensive to the senses and especially to the sense of
smell novelty n. 참신함
noisome ↔ beneficial/pleasant/healthy : something new or unusual
noisome attractively fragrant threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine :
noisome ↔ appealing directness(#)
ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter
nomad n. 방랑자 novel : chapter :: dance : step
: a member of a people who have no fixed residence but banal ↔ novel
move from place to place usually seasonally and within timeworn ↔ novel
a well-defined territory
nomad : domicile :: freelancer : employer noxious adj. 유해한
: physically harmful or destructive to living beings
nominal adj. 명목상의/하찮은 : TRIFLING, noxious ↔ beneficial
INSIGNIFICANT noxious ↔ salubrious
: existing in name only noxious ↔ harmless
: insignificantly small
nominal : significance :: disjunctive : unity nuance n. 뉘앙스
: a subtle distinction or variation
nonchalant adj. [두려움,걱정]냉담한/무관심한 nuance : distinction :: hint : suggestion(<)
: having an air of easy unconcern or indifference nuance ↔ patent difference
anonymous : identify :: nonchalant : excite nuance ↔ lack of subtleness
nonchalance ↔ perturbation nuance ↔ sharp distinction
noncommittal adj. 이도 저도 아닌 : AMBIGUOUS nucleate v. 중심으로 모으다 : CLUSTER

: giving no clear indication of attitude or feeling : to form into a nucleus
noncommittal ↔ confirmable nucleate ↔ disseminate/scatter
nondescript adj. 뭐라 말할 수 없는/특징 없는 : DULL, nudge v. (팔꿈치로)가볍게 밀다/살짝 찌르다

DRAB : to touch or push gently; especially : to seek the
: belonging or appearing to belong to no particular class attention of by a push of the elbow
or kind : not easily described : to prod lightly
nondescript : note :: rare : collect nudge : push :: ??
nondescript ↔ conspicuous butt : head :: nudge : elbow
nondescript ↔ striking doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod
nondescript ↔ remarkable
nugatory adj. 하찮은
nonentity n. 보잘것없는 놈 nugatory ↔ consequential
: a person of little consequence or significance
dilettante : commitment :: nonentity : consequence numb adj. 마비된/감각을 잃은
: devoid of sensation especially as a result of cold or
nonflammable adj. 타지 않는/불연성의 anesthesia
impervious : friable :: nonflammable : combustible numb ↔ sensate
nonplus n/v 당혹[하게하다] : QUANDARY nurture v. 양육하다

: a state of bafflement or perplexity nurture ↔ withhold sustenance from
infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity nurture ↔ disregard
nurture ↔ stunt
nonsense n. 아무 뜻도 없는 것 nurture ↔ impede
100
nurture ↔ stunt
101
O visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging(>)

discommode ↔ oblige
oblique adj. 간접적인/기울어진 : INDIRECT, OBSCURE

oafish adj. 바보 같은 : BOOB : not straightforward
: regarded as stupid or clumsy : neither perpendicular nor parallel
oblique ↔ direct
obdurate adj. 좀처럼 회개하지 않는/완고한
: stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing obliterate v. 흔적조차 없애다
: resistant to persuasion or softening influences : to remove utterly from recognition or memory
firmness : obdurate :: carefulness : meticulous inspire : infuse :: obliterate : remove(>)
energetic : frenetic :: firm : obdurate(<) inter : burial :: obliterate : removal
penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous(#) obliterate : remove :: saturate : wet
toward ↔ obdurate ineffable : description :: irradicable : obliterate
obdurate ↔ amenable unexpurgated ↔ obliterated
obedient adj. 순종하는 oblivious adj. 잘 잊는/부주의한/염두에 두지 않는

: dutifully complying with the commands, orders, or : lacking remembrance, memory, or mindful attention
instructions of one in authority : lacking active conscious knowledge or awareness
contumacious ↔ obedient erudite : fathom :: oblivious : neglect
imperial ↔ obedient forget : oblivion :: forgo : disuse
obedient : 당연히 따라야 할 권위에 순종함. oblivious : attentive :: ??
compliant : 남의 요구에 쉽게 응하는 약한 성격을 암시. cognizant ↔ oblivious
docile : 권위나 강제에 쉽게 따르는 온순한 성질 oblivious ↔ vigilant
oblivious ↔ mindful
obeisance n. 경의/복종 : DEFERENCE, HOMAGE vigilant ↔ oblivious
: a movement of the body made in token of respect or
submission obloquy n. 오명/악평
obeisance : esteem :: embrace : affection : abusively detractive language or utterance; calumny
obeisant ↔ impertinent adulation ↔ obloquy
impudent ↔ obeisant
obscure adj. 희미한/무명의/애매하게 하다 :
obfuscate v. 알기 어렵게 하다 : DARKEN MYSTERIOUS
: to make so confused or opaque as to be difficult to : not readily understood or clearly expressed
perceive or understand : relatively unknown
equivocation : truth :: euphemism : offense : to make dark, dim, or indistinct
equivocation : truth :: obfuscation : clarity celebrity ↔ obscurity
{metaphor : description}는 답아님! explicit ↔ obscure
coward : intimidate :: perplexed : obfuscate legendary ↔ obscure
headstrong : willfulness :: obfuscating : confusing(=) obscure ↔ clarify
rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : indiscernible obscure ↔ elucidate
obfuscate ↔ elucidate/illuminate/explain clearly
obfuscate ↔ clarify obsequious adj. 아첨하는/알랑거리는
obfuscate ↔ lucid : marked by or exhibiting a fawning attentiveness
condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn(=)
obituary n. 사망광고 libertine : dissolute :: sycophant : obsequious
: a notice of a person's death usually with a short frugal : penurious :: deferential : obsequious (<)
biographical account narcissist : self absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious
roster : staff :: obituary : death obsequious : attentiveness :: parsimonious：frugality
obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield
obligatory adj. 의무적인/필수의 : MANDATORY, obsequious：servile :: belligerent：assertive(<)
REQUIRED querulous : complaint :: obsequious : flattery
: binding in law or conscience supercilious ↔ obsequious
elected : obliged :: ??
discretionary ↔ obligatory observatory n. 천문대
selective/elective ↔ obligatory : a building or place given over to or equipped for
observation of natural phenomena (as in astronomy)
obliging adj. 친절한 : ACCOMMODATING conservatory : music :: seminary : theology
: willing to do favors conservatory : music :: observatory : astronomy
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obsess v. 괴롭힐 정도로 사로잡히다 occurrence n. 사건

: to haunt or excessively preoccupy the mind of : something that occurs
agonized : distress :: obsessed : concern(>) prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence
firm : intransigent :: concerned : obsessed(<)
obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous(>) ode n. 송시
obsessed : attracted :: intimate : close : a lyric poem usually marked by exaltation of feeling
and style, varying length of line, and complexity of
obsolete adj. 한물간/퇴행의 stanza forms
: of a kind or style no longer current chord : tone :: ode : poem
ode : poetry :: spoof : parody
obstacle n. 장애물
: something that impedes progress or achievement odious adj. 혐오할 만한/몹시 불쾌한
blandishment : cajole :: obstacle : impede : exciting or deserving hatred or repugnance
blatant : arresting :: odious : disgusting
obstinate adj. 완고한/고집 센 odious : disgust :: menacing : fear
: perversely adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear
in spite of reason, arguments, or persuasion
obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offend odium n. 증오/비난/오명
unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade : hatred and condemnation accompanied by loathing or
tractable ↔ contempt
insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate : disrepute or infamy attached to something
hankering ↔ odium
obstreperous adj. 다루기 어려운 : UNRULY odium ↔ infatuation
: stubbornly resistant to control odium ↔ esteem
obstreperous ↔ disciplined
offbeat adj. 색다른 : ECCENTRIC, UNCONVENTIONAL
obstruct v. 진행을 방해하다 : IMPEDE : not conforming to an ordinary type or pattern;
: to hinder from passage, action, or operation unconventional
obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth offbeat ↔ conventional/hackneyed
obstruct ↔ facilitate
occluded ↔ unobstructed offend v. 기분을 상하게 하다
obstructed ↔ unocclude : to cause dislike, anger, or vexation
abet ↔ obstruct deferential : offend :: scornful : respect
obtuse adj. 무딘/둔각의 : INSENSITIVE equivocation : truth :: obfuscation : clarity
: lacking sharpness or quickness of sensibility or euphemism : offend :: invulnerability :injure
intellect euphemism : offensive :: aphorism : diffuse
rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offense
restive : calm :: keen : obtuse intransigent : acquiesce :: deferential : offend
parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen(#) obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offend
obtuse ↔ acute/keen pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend
politic : offend :: aloof : associate
obviate v. 불필요하게 하다 remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove
: to anticipate and prevent (as a situation) or make peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture
unnecessary (as an action)
emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary offhand adj. 즉석에서 : EXTEMPORE
obviate : unnecessary :: reduce : smaller : without premeditation or preparation
offhand ↔ premeditated
occlude v. 막다/차단하다 : OBSTRUCT
: to close up or block off officious adj. 참견하기 좋아하는/지나치게 친절한 :
occluded ↔ unobstructed MEDDLESOME
obstructed ↔ unocclude : volunteering one's services where they are neither
asked nor needed
occult adj. 불가사의한 : ABSTRUSE, MYSTERIOUS attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish(<)
: not easily apprehended or understood {absorbed : engrossed}는 답아님!
: not revealed officious : meddle :: disaffected : rebel
occult ↔ bare/patent/readily fathomable visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging(>)
occult ↔ manifest officious：attentive :: parsimony：frugal
103
politic ↔ injudicious : unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power

{officious}는 답아님! oppression : disagreement :: ??(>)
offish adj. 쌀쌀 맞은 : STANDOFFISH opprobrious adj. 파렴치한/상스러운 : SCURRILOUS

: somewhat cold and reserved : expressive of opprobrium
offish ↔ sociable opprobrious : blameless :: ??
opprobrious ↔ irreproachable
ominous adj. 불길한/암운이 드리우는
: being or exhibiting an omen optimal adj. 가장 바람직한/더할 나위 없는
auspicious ↔ ominous : most desirable or satisfactory
invincible : conquer :: optimal : improve
omnipresent adj. 동시에 어디에나 존재하는
: present everywhere simultaneously optimization n. 최적화
[omni: all의 의미] : an act, process, or methodology of making something
(as a design, system, or decision) as fully perfect,
omniscient adj. 전지의/박식한 functional, or effective as possible
: having infinite awareness, understanding, and insight optimization : improve :: ??
vacuous ↔ omniscient
opulent adj. 풍부한/부유한
omnipotent adj. 전능의 : amply or plentifully provided or fashioned often to the
: having unlimited or universal power, authority, or force point of ostentation
onerous adj. 부담이 되는/힘겨운 oracle n. 예언 선지자

: troublesome or oppressive; burdensome : a person considered to be a source of wise counsel or
onerous ↔ requiring little effort prophetic opinions
mentor : guidance :: oracle : prophecy
opacity n. 불투명/애매함
: the quality or state of a body that makes it impervious oration n. 연설
to the rays of light : an elaborate discourse delivered in a formal and
opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid dignified manner
opacity ↔ transparency oration : hear :: novel : see
orator: address :: preacher：sermon
opaque adj. 불투명한/불명료한
: blocking the passage of radiant energy and especially orchestra n. 오케스트라
light orchestra : musician :: pack : wolf
: hard to understand or explain pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra
slack : tension :: opaque : translucence stanza : poem :: movement : orchestra
opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid instrumentalist : orchestra :: actor : troupe
diaphanous ↔ opaque
clarity ↔ opaque ordinary adj. 평범한
opacity ↔ transparency : of no exceptional ability, degree, or quality; average
ordinary ↔ miraculous
opine v. 의견을 말하다 inimitable ↔ ordinary
: to express opinions
augur : predict :: pundit : opine original adj. 독창적인
: not secondary, derivative, or imitative
opportune adj. 시기가 좋은/형편이 좋은 babble : sense :: parrot :: originality
: suitable or convenient for a particular occurrence hodgepodge : uniformity :: cliché : original(#)
: occurring at an appropriate time banality ↔ original
opportune : convenience :: impermanent : commonplace ↔ original
transience(=) pastiche ↔ original work
opportune ↔ inconvenient
ornithology n. 조류학
oppose v. 반대하다 ornithology : eaglet :: astronomy : planet
: to place over against something so as to provide
resistance, counterbalance, or contrast orthodoxy n. 정설/정통성
oppose : thwart :: treat : cure(<) : the quality or state of being conforming to established
doctrine especially in religion
oppression n. 억압 religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy(=)
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dissenter : orthodox :: maverick : group unassuming ↔ overbearing

overbearing ↔ meek
oscillate v. 주저하다/흔들리다
: to swing backward and forward like a pendulum overdose n. 과잉 복용
oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter : too great a dose (as of a therapeutic agent);
oscillation ↔ imperturbation overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention
dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment
ossify v. 전통적 틀에 얽매이다/경화시키다 dose : medicine :: current : river
: to mold into a rigidly conventional pattern
depreciation : value :: ossification : flexible(#) overexposure n. 노출 과다
ossify ↔ transcend conventions : to expose excessively; especially :to expose (as film)
ossify ↔ make pliant to excessive radiation (as light)
overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune
ostensible adj. (사실 여부를 떠나)표면상의
: being such in appearance : plausible rather than overhaul v. 정밀 점검하다 : REPAIR
demonstrably true or real : to examine thoroughly
ostensible ↔ substantial overhaul ↔ skim
ostentatious adj. 저속하게 야한/허세 부리는 overlap v. 겹치다

: marked by or fond of conspicuous or vainglorious and : to occupy the same area in part
sometimes pretentious display infinite : exhaust :: discrete : overlap(#)
ostentation ↔ modesty
overt adj. 명백한/공공연한 : MANIFEST
ostracism n. 추방/배척 : open to view
: exclusion by general consent from common privileges clandestine : secretly :: overt : openly(=)
or social acceptance shadowy ↔ overt
pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine
ostracize ↔ take in overture n. 전주곡 : PROPOSAL
ostracize ↔ welcome : an initiative toward agreement or action
ostracize ↔ include/embrace : something introductory
ostracize ↔ invite to join veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory
overture : introductory :: caveat : warning
oust v. 축출하다 overture：introductory :: caveat : cautionary
: to eject from a position or place prelude：introductory :: caveat : cautionary
oust ↔ instate preamble：introductory :: caveat : cautionary
overture : symphony :: preface : book
outgoing adj. 외향성의 : EXTROVERTED
: openly friendly and responsive overwhelm v. 압도하다
extrovert : outgoing :: perfectionist : exacting : to overcome by superior force or numbers
usurp : take :: overwhelm : defeat(>)
outlandish adj. 이국 풍의
: conspicuously unconventional overwrought adj. 너무 흥분한 : AGITATED
outlandish ↔ conventional : extremely excited
outmaneuver v. 술책으로 이기다 oxymoron n. 모순 어법

: to overcome (an opponent) by artful, clever : a combination of contradictory or incongruous words,
maneuvering for example “open secret”, “young-old man”
outmaneuver ↔ yield apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox
equivocation : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruous
outmoded adj. 유행에 뒤진 oxymoron : contradictory :: mishap : catastrophic
: no longer acceptable, current, or usable
outmoded ↔ original
outwit v. 뛰는 놈위에 나는 놈이다 : OUTSMART

: to get the better of by superior cleverness
taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit
overbearing adj. 뽐내는/고압적인

: harshly and haughtily arrogant
105
P pall ↔ interest/intrigue
palliate v. 일시적으로 완화시키다 : ABATE

: to reduce the violence of (a disease)
pachyderm n. 후피동물 pain : analgesic :: symptom : palliative
: any of various nonruminant hoofed mammals (as an enervate : vigor :: palliate : nerve
elephant, a rhinoceros, or a pig) most of which have a palliate : angry :: enfeeble : vigorous
thick skin caustic ↔ palliating/genial
pachyderm : animal :: ant : insect palliate ↔ exacerbate
palliate ↔ worsen
pacify v. 진정시키다 : SOOTHE
: to allay the anger or agitation of pallor n. 창백 : PALENESS
solace : grief :: pacification : anger : deficiency of color especially of the face
rankle ↔ pacify
tantrum ↔ pacification palmy adj. 번영하는 : FLOURISHING
vex ↔ pacify/appease/soothe : marked by prosperity
discommode pacificate/ease/mollify palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity
pacify ↔ gall
palpable adj. 명백한/만져서 느낄 수 있는 : MANIFEST,
pack n. 늑대 때 TANGIBLE
: group of animals, such as dogs or wolves, that run and : easily perceptible by the mind
hunt together : capable of being touched or felt
orchestra : musician :: pack : wolf elliptical ↔ palpable
palpable ↔ subtle
pact n. 조약/협정 : COMPACT palpability ↔ intangibility
: an international treaty
palter v. 적당히 얼버무리다 : EQUIVOCATE
padding n. 완충제 : to act insincerely or deceitfully
: material with which something is padded palter : candor :: budge : diehard
padding : damage :: disguise : recognition palter : candor :: betray : loyalty
padding : damage :: dam : flood palter ↔ candor
padding : damage :: levee : flooding
paltry adj. 시시한 : INFERIOR, TRASHY, TRIVIAL
paean n. 찬가 : ENCOMIUM, TRIBUTE : lacking in importance or worth
: a joyous song or hymn of praise, tribute, thanksgiving, paltry ↔ significant/important
or triumph
paean ↔ harshly lampoon pan n. 혹평
: a harsh criticism
painstaking adj. 애쓰는 rave ↔ pan
: taking pains ; expending, showing, or involving
diligent care and effort panache n. 당당한 태도/기백 : VERVE
cursory ↔ painstakingly thorough : dash or flamboyance in style and action
panache ↔ humility
palatable adj. 구미 당기는 panache ↔ unremarkable behavior
: agreeable to the palate or taste
palatable : savory :: discernible : manifest(=) pandemic adj. 전세계적으로 퍼진/보편적인
palate : mouth :: ceiling : room pandemic ↔ limited
pandemic ↔ endemic
palatial adj. 호화로운/궁전의
: of relating to, or being a palace pandemonium n. 대혼란(의 장소) : TUMULT
palatial : hovel :: bucolic : city (#) : a wild uproar
palatial : hovel :: bucolic : metropolis pandemonium ↔ serenity
palette n. 물감의 색 범위 pander v. 매춘을 알선하다/영합하다

: a particular range, quality, or use of color : to act as a pander ; to provide gratification for others'
palette : color :: repertoire : play desires
pall v. 싫증나다/흥미를 잃다 panegyric n. 찬사

: to lose in interest or attraction : a eulogistic oration or writing; also :formal or
106
elaborate praise paramount unimportant

panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize
panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell paranoia n. 편집증
panegyric ↔ anathema : a tendency on the part of an individual or group toward
panegyric ↔ condemnation excessive or irrational suspiciousness and distrustfulness
panegyric ↔ denunciation of others
enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia
panorama n. 전경
: an unobstructed or complete view of an area in every paraphrase v. 바꿔 말하다
direction : to make a restatement of a text, passage, or work
panoramic ↔ narrow giving the meaning in another form
paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise(#)
pantechnicon n. 가구 운반차
: a usually enclosed wagon or motortruck used for parch v. 바싹 말리다
transportation of goods or animals : to dry or shrivel with cold
pantechnicon : furniture :: ?? steep ↔ parch
pantry n. 식료품 저장실 pariah n. 사회적 왕따

: a room (as in a hotel or hospital) for preparation of : a social outcast
foods on order paragon : admire :: pariah : contempt
pantry : food :: armory : weapons pariah : ostracize :: prisoner : confine
pantry : food :: closet (wardrobe) : clothes
parity n. 동등
parable n. 우화 : the quality or state of being equal or equivalent
: a usually short fictitious story that illustrates a moral parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent
attitude or a religious principle parity ↔ inequality/incommensurateness
parable : story :: homily : lecture
parlance n. 말투 : IDIOM
paroxysm n. [감정·행동]폭발 : OUTBURST : manner or mode of speech
: a sudden violent emotion or action gait : walk :: parlance : speak
paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive
parochial adj. 편협한/교구의
paradigmatic adj. 전형적인 : EXAMPLE, PATTERN : confined or restricted as if within the borders of a
:an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype parish; limited in range or scope (as to a narrow area or
paradigm : imitate :: reverence : regard region)
paradox n. 모순된 말/궤변 parody n. 풍자

: a statement that is seemingly contradictory or : a literary or musical work in which the style of an
opposed to common sense and yet is perhaps true author or work is closely imitated for comic effect or in
apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox ridicule
paradox : contradictory :: epigram : wise parody : style :: mime : gesture
paradoxical ↔ congruent/common ode : poetry :: spoof : parody
paragon n/v. 모범/~에 필적하다 parquetry n. (마루)조각 나무 세공

: a model of excellence or perfection : work in the form of usually geometrically patterned
: to compare with ; to put in rivalry wood laid or inlaid especially for floors
paragon : admire :: pariah : contempt fresco : wall :: parquetry : floor
paragon : imitate :: reverence : regard
paragon : mediocrity :: ?? parrot v. 뜻도 모르고 흉내내다
travesty ↔ paragon : to repeat by rote
babble : sense :: parrot : originality
parallel adj. 평형의
: extending in the same direction, everywhere parry v. 받아넘기다/회피하다
equidistant, and not meeting : to evade especially by an adroit answer
duty : shirk :: question : parry
paramount adj. 최고의/주요한 : SUPREME parry : question :: deflect : critic
: superior to all others
painful : agonizing :: important : paramount(<) parse v. 문장을 해부하다
ancillary ↔ paramount : to resolve (as a sentence) into component parts of
107
speech and describe them grammatically occult ↔ bare/patent

scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical patent ↔ not evident
specimen : dissect :: sentence : parse recondite ↔ patent
parsimony n. 인색 : THRIFT pathology n. 변이/병리학

: the quality of being careful with money or resources : something abnormal deviation from propriety or from
craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift an assumed normal state of something nonliving or
curt : words :: parsimonious : resource nonmaterial
miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal pathological ↔ normal
parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend
parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk patina n. 겉치레적인 품격/허례허식
parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn : a superficial covering or exterior
parsimony : miser :: rebellious : insurgent patina ↔ essential quality
parsimony : frugality :: hubris : pride(>)
tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous(=) patriot n. 애국자
parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance (#) : one who loves his or her country and supports its
parsimonious : liberal :: obtuse : keen(#) authority and interests
patriot : country :: partisan : course patriot : country :: partisan : course
hidebound : innovation :: parsimonious : expenditure
parsimony : frugality :: hubris : self-confidence patron n. 후원자/단골
largesse ↔ parsimony : one that supports, protects, or champions someone or
liberal ↔ parsimonious something, such as an institution, event, or cause; a
parsimonious ↔ wasteful sponsor or benefactor
profligate ↔ parsimonious : a customer, especially a regular customer
parsimonious ↔ prodigal patron : support :: apologist : defend
pathogen n. 병원균 patronize v. 생색내며 도와주다

: an agent that causes disease : to adopt an air of condescension toward ;treat
stimulation：arousal :: pathogen：diseasing haughtily or coolly
condescending : patronize :: obsequious : fawn
partiality n. 편견 : BIAS patronize : condescension :: deride : mockery
: the quality or state of being partial patronizing : condescending :: peeved : annoyed(=)
particularize v. 상세히 말하다 : SPECIFY paucity n. 소량/부족 : FEWNESS

: to state in detail : smallness of number
illustrate : pictures :: particularize : details paucity ↔ slew
profusion ↔ paucity
partisan n/adj. 추종자/당파적인
: a firm adherent to a party, faction, cause, or person; paunchy adj. 똥배가 나온
especially one exhibiting blind, prejudiced, and : having an enlarged, swollen, or protruding abdomen
unreasoning allegiance svelte ↔ paunchy and awkward
: devoted to or biased in support of a party, group, or
cause pauper n. 극빈자
authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans : a person destitute of means except such as are derived
patriot : country :: partisan : course from charity
partisan : moderate :: rash : circumspect pauper : ostracize :: ??
passionate adj. 다혈질의/감정적인 pebble n. 조약돌

: capable of, affected by, or expressing intense feeling : a small usually rounded stone especially when worn by
the action of water
pastiche n. 모방 작품 droplet : deluge :: pebble : landslide
: a literary, artistic, musical, or architectural work that
imitates the style of previous work peccadillo n. 작은 죄
pastiche ↔ original work : a slight offense
glitch : flaw :: peccadillo : error/sin/offense
patent adj. 명백한 : OBVIOUS peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation(<)
: readily visible or intelligible peccadillo : offense :: cameo : sculpture
abstruse ↔ accessible/patent peccadillo : offense :: cameo : role
nuance ↔ patent difference
108
peck n. 가벼운 키스 penchant n. 경향/편애 : LIKING

: a quick light kiss : a strong and continued inclination
peck : kiss :: glance : look dreidel : penchant :: ??
peck : kiss :: peep : sound penchant ↔ aversion
penchant ↔ dislike
pedagogue n. 학자인 체 하는 교육자
: a dull, formal, or pedantic teacher penetrate v. 관통하다
stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate : to pass into or through
impervious : penetrate :: ineluctable : avoid
pedant n. 현학자(경멸적으로) knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable
: one who exhibits one's learning or scholarship
ostentatiously penitent adj/n. 참회하는 [놈] : REPENTANT
martinet : discipline :: pedant : learning : feeling or expressing humble or regretful pain or
mawkish : sentiment :: pedantic : scholarship sorrow for sins or offenses
scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish(<) penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous(#)
moralistic : principled :: pedantic : learned(>) penitent : remorse :: ??(=)
outspoken : saucy : erudite : pedantic rueful/contrite ↔ impenitent
pedantic : scholar :: histrionic : actor
pedant : learning :: hack : writing pensive adj. 수심에 잠긴/애수 띤
: musingly or dreamily thoughtful
pedestrian adj. 평범한/산문적인 : COMMONPLACE,
UNIMAGINATIVE penury n. 궁핍
pedestrian ↔ inspired : a cramping and oppressive lack of resources (as
pedestrian ↔ imaginative money); especially :severe poverty
pedestrian ↔ uncommon incognizance : knowledgeable :: penury : wealthy
penury ↔ affluence
peep n. 소곤소곤 penurious ↔ lavish
: uttering the slightest sound
peck : kiss :: peep : sound perceptible adj. 지각할 수 있는
: capable of being perceived especially by the senses
peeve v. 짜증나게 하다 : ANNOY relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious(<)
: to make peevish or resentful
pontificating : condescending :: peeved : annoyed(=) peremptory adj. 거만스러운/위압적인
placate ↔ peeve : characterized by often imperious or arrogant self-
assurance
peevish adj. 성마른/성격이 지랄 같은 parsimonious : spend :: peremptory : fawn
: querulous in temperament or mood peremptory ↔ open to challenge
: marked by ill temper
peevish ↔ good-natured perennial adj. 늘 되풀이되는/영구적인
: lasting or active through the year or through many
pejorative adj. 경멸적인 : DEPRECIATORY years
: having negative connotations ; tending to disparage or perennial ↔ fleeting
belittle
: tending to make or become worse perfervid adj. 열정적인 : IMPASSIONED
pejorative ↔ laudatory : marked by overwrought or exaggerated emotion :
pejorative meliorative excessively fervent
perfervid ↔ impassive
pellucid adj. 이해하기에 명쾌한 [per: completely, wrong]
: easy to understand
venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand perfidy n. 배반 : TREACHERY
pellucid ↔ murky : the quality or state of being faithless or disloyal
murky ↔ clear/limpid exorbitant : moderation :: perfidious : loyalty(#)
perfidious ↔ faithful/loyal/trustworthful
penalty n. 형벌/벌금
: the suffering in person, rights, or property that is perforate v. ~에 구멍을 뚫다
annexed by law or judicial decision to the commission of : to pass through or into by or as if by making a hole
a crime or public offense perforate : hole :: pleat : fold
exempt : liability :: pardon : penalty perforate ↔ caulk
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perfunctorily adv. 겉치레로/마지못해

: lacking in interest or enthusiasm perpetual adj. 영구의 : EVERLASTING
perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration : continuing forever
ephemeral ↔ permanent/perpetual
perilous adj. 위험하기 짝이 없는 extinction ↔ perpetuation
: full of or involving peril; dangerous ephemeral ↔ transitory
perilous : danger :: impartial : mediator transient ↔ perpetual
perimeter n. 주변 persecute v. 학대하다

: the boundary of a closed plane figure : to harass in a manner designed to injure, grieve, or
country : border :: circle : perimeter afflict; specifically :to cause to suffer because of belief
persecute : injure :: haunt : remember
peripatetic adj. 떠돌아다니는 : ITINERANT
: moving or traveling from place to place persevere v. 버티다/유지하다
peripatetic ↔ stationary/rooted : to persist in a state, enterprise, or undertaking in spite
peripatetic ↔ sedentary of counter influences, opposition, or discouragement
obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offend
peripheral adj. 주위의/지엽의 persevere ↔ give up
: of relating to, involving, or forming a periphery or
surface part persiflage n. 악의 없는 희롱/농담 : BANTER
immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center(#) : frivolous bantering talk ; light raillery
crux ↔ peripheral element
peripheral ↔ central/in essence personable adj. 호감 가는 : ATTRACTIVE
peripheral ↔ crucial : pleasant or amiable in person
periphery ↔ important part personable ↔ unattractive
periphery ↔ core
perspective n. 전망
perjury n. 위증 : a mental view or prospect
: the voluntary violation of an oath or vow either by
swearing to what is untrue or by omission to do what perspicacious adj. 통찰력 있는 : KEEN
has been promised under : of acute mental vision or discernment
oath : false swearing :: perjury : deposition(#) perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist
calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#) perspicacious ↔ obtuse/undiscerned
perjure ↔ depose perspicacious ↔ dull
permanence n. 영구 : DURABILITY perspicuity n. 명쾌

: the quality or state of being permanent : plain to the understanding especially because of clarity
evanescent : permanence :: archaic : currency(#) and precision of presentation
heroic : craven :: erratic : permanent(#) perspicuous ↔ dull
opportune : convenience :: impermanent : transience
ephemeral ↔ permanent/perpetual pertain v. 적합하다/관련돼 있다
extinction ↔ perpetuation : be appropriate to something
interim ↔ permanent pertain ↔ be irrelevant
transience ↔ permanence
pertinacious adj. 끈질긴/고수하는
permeable adj. 투과성의 : PENETRABLE : adhering resolutely to an opinion, purpose, or design
: capable of being permeated ; especially :having pores : stubbornly unyielding or tenacious
or openings that permit liquids or gases to pass through inexperience : green :: pertinacity : refractory
knead : malleable :: penetrate : permeable pertinacious ↔ tractable/pliable
opacity : light :: impermeability : fluid pertinacity ↔ vacillation
waterproof ↔ permeable pertinacious ↔ irresolute
pertinacious ↔ tractable
permissivist n. 관용적인 사람 : TOLERANT
: granting or tending to grant permission pertinent adj. 관계 있는
: having a clear decisive relevance to the matter in hand
pernicious adj. 치명적인 : DEADLY pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity
: highly injurious or destructive immaterial ↔ pertinent/relevant
pernicious : injure :: disingenuous : mislead pertinent ↔ irrelevant
pernicious ↔ salutary pertinence ↔ lack of relevance
110
perturb v. 당황하게 하다/교란하다 : DISQUIET philistine n. 문외한 놈/속물

: to disturb greatly in mind : a smug, ignorant, especially middle-class person who
impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy is regarded as being indifferent or antagonistic to artistic
stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy and cultural values
perturbation ↔ serenity dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated
perturbation ↔ equanimity philistine ↔ aesthete
pervade v. 널리 퍼지다 philosophical adj. 철학의/이성적인

: to become diffused throughout every part of
pervasive ↔ not widely distributed phlegmatic adj. 냉담한/침착한 : IMPASSIVE
pervasiveness ↔ limited distribution : having or showing a slow and stolid temperament
intractable : manage :: phlegmatic : provoke
pessimism n. 염세주의 phlegmatic : arouse :: ??
: an inclination to emphasize adverse aspects, phlegmatic ↔ unsettled
conditions, and possibilities or to expect the worst phlegmatic ↔ spirited
possible outcome phlegmatic ↔ vivacious
phlegmatic ↔ sprightly
pesticide n. 살충제
: a chemical used to kill pests, especially insects piddling adj. 사소한/하찮은 : TRIVIAL, PALTRY
insect : pesticide :: plant : herbicide : so trifling or trivial as to be beneath one's
consideration
pestle n. 절굿공이 restive : calmness :: piddling : considerable(#)
: a usually club-shaped implement for pounding or
grinding substances in a mortar pigment n. 색소
hammer : anvil :: pestle : mortar : a coloring matter in animals and plants especially in a
pestle : grind :: flint stone : sharpen cell or tissue
/spice : flavor /whetstone : sharpen /spoon : stir albino : pigment :: prairie : tree
awl : pierce :: pestle : hash
pilfer v. 훔치다
petition v. 간청/탄원하다 : SOLICIT : to steal stealthily in small amounts and often again
: to make a request to and again
minion : dependent :: groveler : petitionary abscond : depart :: pilfer : take
petrography n. 암석 분류도 pillar n. 기둥 : POST

: the description and systematic classification of rocks : a slender, freestanding, vertical support
petrography : rock :: mural : wall colonnade : pillar :: queue : person
stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support
petty adj. 하찮은/옹졸한 : MINOR, SUBORDINATE, derelict ↔ pillar of society
SMALL-MINDED
: having little or no importance or significance pillory v. 형틀 벌을 내리다/웃음거리로 만들다
: marked by or reflective of narrow interests and : to set in a pillory as punishment
sympathies : to expose to public contempt, ridicule, or scorn
petty : notice :: mysterious : explain admonish : denounce :: punish : pillory
chide : pillory :: humor : mollycoddle
petulance n. 화 잘 냄/토라짐 : PEEVISHNESS pillory ↔ exalt
: the quality or state of being petulant
pilot n. 조종사 : HELMSMAN
phenomenal adj. 괄목할 만한/보통 아닌 : : one employed to steer a ship
EXTRAORDINARY, REMARKABLE pilot : ship :: conductor : orchestra
phenomenal ↔ ordinary
phenomenal ↔ unexceptional/commonplace pine v. 갈망하다/수척해지다
: to yearn intensely and persistently especially for
philanthropic adj. 박애주의의 : HUMANITARIAN something unattainable
: of relating to or characterized by philanthropy longing : pine :: remorse : rue
philanthropist : beneficence :: comedian : humor pine ↔ show disinterest
resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality pine ↔ become invigorated
resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : mercy
philanthropist : eleemosynary :: ?? pinnacle n. 정점
111
: an upright architectural member generally ending in a plagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle

small spire and used especially in Gothic construction to
give weight especially to a buttress plainspoken adj. 숨기지 않는/정직한 : FRANK
pinnacle ↔ nadir/lowest point feigned ↔ plainspoken
pinpoint n. 사소한 일/정확한 위치 plangent adj. 울려 퍼지는/떠들썩한

: something that is extremely small or insignificant : having a loud reverberating sound
: extremely fine or precise plangent ↔ muffled
piquant adj. 신랄한 : SPICY platitude n. 진부한 말

: agreeably stimulating to the palate : a banal, trite, or stale remark
piquant ↔ flat postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal
piquant vapid equivocation : ambiguous :: platitude : banal
pique v. 화나게 하다/자극하다 plaudit n. 찬사

: to arouse anger or resentment in : enthusiastic expression of praise or approval
pique ↔ mollify plaudit ↔ disapprobation
pith n. 요점/진수 plausible adj. 그럴듯한

: the essential part : superficially fair, reasonable, or valuable but often
pith ↔ unimportant point/superficial specious
element/insignificant part realist : plausible :: leadership : subordinate
pithy adj. 간결하게 설득력 있는 plethora n. 과잉/과다

: having substance and point : tersely cogent plethora ↔ dearth
pithiness : aphorism :: exaggeration : caricature plethora ↔ shortage
pithy ↔ prolix
pliant adj. 나긋나긋한
pitiless adj. 무자비한 : MERCILESS : easily influenced
: devoid of pity pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend
pliant : indomitable :: modular : differentiated(#)
pittance n. 소량 pliable : influenced :: censorious : condemnatory
: a small portion, amount, or allowance; also :a pliant ↔ unyielding/mulish
meager wage or remuneration pliant ↔ obdurate
pittance : allowance :: rivulet : stream pliant ↔ obstinate
cornucopia ↔ lack/pittance
pittance ↔ crop plod v. 무거운 발걸음을 하다
: move or walk heavily and slowly
placate v. 달래다 : APPEASE plod ↔ flit
: to soothe or mollify especially by concessions plodding ↔ easy and light
inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated meteoric ↔ ploding
galling ↔ placating
placate ↔ peeve/rile plot n/v. 줄거리/은밀한 계획[꾸미다]
placate ↔ antagonize : to plan or contrive especially secretly
placate ↔ disconcert cabal : association :: plot : plan
placate ↔ surprise joke : punch line :: plot : denouement
choreography : dance :: plot : story
placebo n. 위약 효과 follow : shadow :: plot : scheme
: an inert or innocuous substance used especially in taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit
controlled experiments testing the efficacy of another infiltrate : enter :: plot : plan
substance (as a drug) plot : plan :: inveigle : interest
placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous
placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista pluck n/v. 용기/켜다/강제로 떼어내다
placebo : innocuous :: venom : noxious : courageous readiness to fight or continue against odds
: to play by sounding the strings with the fingers or a
plagiarize v. 도용하다/표절하다 pick
: to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as : to move, remove, or separate forcibly or abruptly
one's own ; use (another's production) without crediting pluck : quit :: pride : grovel
the source horn : blow :: harp : pluck
112
pluck ↔ cowardice politic ↔ injudicious

plucky ↔ craven
pluck ↔ insert pollster n. 여론 조사원
: one that conducts a poll or compiles data obtained by a
plumb v. 깊이를 재다/면밀히 조사하다 poll
: to measure or determine the depth of with a plumb exponent : advocate :: pollster : canvass
: to examine minutely and critically
assess : value :: plumb : depth Pollyanna n. 극단적인 낙천주의자
measure : dimensions :: calibrate : diameter : a person regarded as being foolishly or blindly
gauge : pressure :: plumb : depth optimistic
plumb : depth :: survey : poll
unplumbed : depth :: vagary : prediction pompous adj. 오만한/과장된 : ARROGANT
plumb : depth :: measure : dimensions : having or exhibiting self-importance
plumb : depth :: verify : accuracy nonsensical : drivel :: pompous : bombast
plumb ↔ examine cursorily pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive
/drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimless
plummet v. 갑자기 내려가다/떨어지다
: to drop sharply and abruptly ponderous adj. 육중한/지루한
fall/descend : plummet :: move : dart : of very great weight
waft : plummet :: meander : dash(#) : unwieldy or clumsy because of weight and size
plummet : ascend :: ?? : oppressively or unpleasantly dull
plummet : descent :: meteor : rising ponderous ↔ ethereal/gossamer/lively
plummet ↔ raise rapidly slight ↔ ponderous
plummet ↔ ascend ponderous ↔ lively/vibrant/briskly
ponderous ↔ graceful and light
plump adj. 통통한 ponderous ↔ frisky
: having a full rounded usually pleasing form ponderous ↔ vibrant
svelte ↔ plump
pontificate v. 거드름 피우며 이야기하다
plurality n. 대다수/복수 : to speak or express opinions in a pompous or dogmatic
: the state of being numerous way
: a large number or quantity pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive
plurality ↔ rarity /drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate: aimless
pontificate : speak :: strut : walk
polarize v. 대립시키다 pontificate : speak :: swagger : walk
: to break up into opposing factions or groupings pontificating : condescending :: peeved : annoyed(=)
polarize ↔ make compatible pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade
polarize unify pontificate ↔ comment tentatively/suggest diffidently
polarize coalesce pontifical ↔ humble/meek
pontificate ↔ speak tentatively
polemic n. 논쟁
: an aggressive attack on or refutation of the opinions or porcelain n. 자기
principles of another clay : porcelain :: flax : linen
polemic : disputatious :: invective : abusive(>) glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood
polemical ↔ compromising/conciliatory glaze : porcelain :: veneer : furniture
polish n/v. 품위/세련되게 하다/윤을 내다 : PERFECT pore n. 구멍/공극

: highly developed, finished, or refined : a minute opening especially in an animal or plant;
rustic ↔ polished especially :one by which matter passes through a
untutored ↔ polished membrane
gaucheness ↔ polish pore : membrane :: door : room
politic adj. 사려 깊은/교활한 porous adj. 다공성의/스며드는

: characterized by shrewdness in managing, contriving, : capable of being penetrated
or dealing fragile : break :: porous : penetrate
: shrewdly tactful porous : liquid :: transparent : light
politic : offend :: aloof : associate porous ↔ impenetrable
politic ↔ unsophisticated
politic ↔ officious portentous adj. 경이로운/징후의 : PRODIGIOUS
113
: eliciting amazement or wonder

portentous ↔ regular pout v. 못마땅해 쀼루퉁하다 : SULK
portentous ↔ insipid : to show displeasure by thrusting out the lips or
wearing a sullen expression
portrait n. 초상화 wince : pain :: smile : pleasure
portrait : painting :: jazz : music /pout : displeasure /sneer : contempt
portrait : painting :: biography : history pout ↔ grin
portrait : person :: seascape : ocean
prairie n. 대평원
poseur n. 젠체하는 놈 : one of the dry treeless plateaus predominantly in grass
: a person who pretends to be what he or she is not; an albino : pigment :: prairie : tree
affected or insincere person
poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness prate v. 재잘대다 : CHATTER
poseur ↔ sincere person : to talk long and idly
stickler : derelict :: poseur : unaffected pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive
/drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimless
posit v. 단정하다 : POSTULATE prate : speak :: saunter : walk
: to assume or affirm the existence of
posit ↔ deny as false preach v. 설교하다
: to deliver a sermon
posterity n. 자손 nitpicker : criticism :: preacher：sermon
: the offspring of one progenitor to the furthest
generation precarious adj. 불안정/미덥지 않은
: characterized by a lack of security or stability that
postulate v/n. ~을 사실로 가정하다/가설/가정 threatens with danger
: to assume or claim as true, existent, or necessary ; precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy
depend upon or start from the postulate of impervious : ? :: precarious : stable
: a hypothesis advanced as an essential presupposition, precarious ↔ stable/safe
condition, or premise of a train of reasoning precarious ↔ secure
postulate : presumed :: platitude : banal
postulate ↔ deny as false precedent n/adj. 전례/앞서는
: prior in time, order, arrangement, or significance
posture n/v. 젠체하는 태도/뽐내는 자세를 취하다 : preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession
ATTITUDINIZE unexceptionable : opposition :: unique : precedent
: an artificial or pretended attitude unique : precedent :: infinite : end
: to assume an artificial or pretended attitude
posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant precipice n. 절벽/궁지
posture ↔ behave naturally : a very steep or overhanging place
precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness
pot n. 통발
: an enclosed framework of wire, wood, or wicker for precipitate v. 재촉하다
catching fish or lobsters : to bring about especially abruptly
lobster：pot :: ?? precipitate ↔ retard/dilatory
precipitate ↔ deliberate
potable adj. 음료로 적합한 : DRINKABLE
: suitable for drinking precipitation n. 강수(설)량
potable : beverage :: habitable : dwelling : something precipitated ; as a deposit on the earth of
water : potable :: meat : edible hail, mist, rain, sleet, or snow
snow : precipitation :: hurricane : cyclone
potentate n. 세력가
: one who wields great power or sway precipitous adj. 깎아지르는 듯한/허둥대는
virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power : very steep, perpendicular, or overhanging in rise or fall
potentate ↔ subject plateau : precipitous :: ??
potentate ↔ powerless person precipitous ↔ level
precipitous ↔ gradually sloping
potentiate v. 유력하게 하다/약발 받게 하다 precipitous ↔ slope slowly
: to make effective or active or more effective or more
active preclude v. 불가능하게 하다 : PREVENT
deactivate ↔ potentiate : to make impossible, as by action taken in advance
114
preclude ↔ to make possible

premeditated adj. 미리 계획된
precursor n. 선구자/조짐 : characterized by fully conscious willful intent and a
: one that precedes and indicates the approach of measure of forethought and planning
another offhand ↔ premeditated
precursory ↔ derivative spontaneous ↔ premeditate
precursor ↔ sequel
precursor ↔ sequela preponderant adj. 우세한/압도적인
: having superior weight, force, or influence
predecessor n. 조상/전임자 preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight
: one that precedes; especially :a person who has preponderant ↔ commensurate/secondary
previously occupied a position or office to which another preponderant ↔ subordinate
has succeeded preponderant ↔ unimportant
legacy : predecessor :: gift : donor preponderant ↔ subsidiary
preponderant ↔ concomitant
predestine v. 미리 운명 짖다
: to fix upon, decide, or decree in advance; foreordain prepossessing adj. 매력적인 : ATTRACTIVE
predestine ↔ leave to chance : tending to create a favorable impression
unprepossessing ↔ entrancing/winsome
predilection n. 편애
: an established preference for something preposterous adj. 상식을 벗어난/불합리한 : ABSURD
predilection ↔ propensity to dislike : contrary to nature, reason, or common sense
preposterous ↔ commonsensical
preeminent adj. 돋보이는 : OUTSTANDING
: having paramount rank, dignity, or importance presage v. 전조/조짐이 있다 : FORETELL, PREDICT
preeminence : importance :: preponderance : weight : to give an omen or warning of
efface ↔ bring to preeminent harbinger : presage :: archetype : exemplify
preempt v. 선점하다 prescience n. 예지

: take precedence over dexterous : manipulate :: prescient : predict
preempt : precedence :: acquire : possession prescience ↔ myopia
preen v. 멋 부리다/우쭐대다 : PRIMP prescription n. 처방

: to dress or smooth (oneself) up : a written direction for a therapeutic or corrective
ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen agent; specifically :one for the preparation and use of a
/polite : snub medicine
/sycophant : fawn /pundit : opine overdose : prescription :: indiscretion : convention
preen ↔ ruffle
presentiment n. 예감 : PREMONITION
preface n. 서문 : a feeling that something will or is about to happen
: the introductory remarks of a speaker or author
preface ↔ epilogue preservative n. 방부제
prefatory ↔ conclusive : an additive used to protect against decay, discoloration,
or spoilage
prefigure v. 미리 형상화하다/예상하다 censorship : communication :: preservative : decay
: to show, suggest, or announce by an antecedent type, preservative：decay :: anchor：drift/shift
image, or likeness
prefiguration ↔ derivative prestige n. 명성/신망
: standing or estimation in the eyes of people ; weight
pregnant adj. 의미심장한/다산의 : INVENTIVE or credit in general opinion
: abounding in fancy, wit, or resourcefulness eclipse：prestige :: enfeeble：vigor
: rich in significance or implication abase：prestige :: damp：ardor
inane ↔
expressive/meaningful/pregnant/significant/weighty presumptuous adj. 뻔뻔스러운/막무가내의
: overstepping due bounds (as of propriety or courtesy)
preliminary adj. 예비적인 : taking liberties
: coming before and usually forming a necessary transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety
prelude to something else presumptuous : unruly :: ??
115
: a right or immunity granted as a peculiar benefit,

pretense n. 핑계/겉치레 advantage, or favor
: the act of pretending; a false appearance or action
intended to deceive probe v. 엄밀히 조사하다
pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove : to search into and explore with great thoroughness
cavil : criticize :: probe : investigate(=)
preternatural adj. 초자연적인
preternatural ↔ ordinary probity n. 청렴/정직 : UPRIGHTNESS
[preter:초] : adherence to the highest principles and ideals
probity ↔ unscrupulousness
prevail v. 우세하다 : TRIUMPH probity ↔ shiftiness
: to be greater in strength or influence; triumph
prevail ↔ yield proclivity n. 성향
: natural propensity or inclination; predisposition
prevalent adj. 널리 퍼진 : WIDESPREAD proclivity ↔ aversion
: widely or commonly occurring, existing, accepted, or
practiced procrastinate v. 늑장부리다
prevalent ↔ unusual : to put off intentionally the doing of something that
should be done
prevaricate v. 얼버무리다 : EQUIVOCATE dilatory : procrastinate :: malcontent : complain
: to deviate from the truth husbandry : dissipate :: alacrity : procrastinate(#)
blandishment : coax :: prevarication : deceive procrastination ↔ diligence
equivocation : clarity :: prevarication : truth
prevaricate : candid :: ?? procure v. 획득하다
: to get possession of
prickly adj. 가시 많은/성가신 : obtain by particular care and effort
: marked by prickling or tingling or smarting procure ↔ relinquish
prickly ↔ smooth
prod n/v. 쿡쿡 찌르기/자극하다 : STIR
prime adj/n. 최초의/전성기 : to incite to action
: first or early in time, order, or sequence; original : to poke or stir as if with a prod
prime ↔ uninitial doze : sleepiness :: nudge : prod
rein ↔ prod
primordial adj. 최초의
: first created or developed ; existing in or persisting prodigal adj. 낭비하는 : LAVISH
from the beginning : characterized by wasteful expenditure
primordial ↔ most recent mean : prodigality :: meek : arrogance
miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal
primp v. 꼼꼼하게 맵시 내다 parsimonious : save :: prodigal : spend
: to dress, adorn, or arrange in a careful or finicky husbandry ↔ prodigality
manner parsimonious ↔ prodigal
primp : vain :: gloat : smug prodigal ↔ frugal
principal adj. 주요한 : CHIEF prodigy n. 천재/경이로움

: most important, consequential, or influential : a highly talented child or youth
principal ↔ subordinate : something extraordinary or inexplicable
prodigy : person :: miracle : occurrence
prissy adj. 몹시 깔끔한 : FINICKY ?? :: mediocrity : prodigy
: being prim and precise prodigious : amaze :: ??
prodigious ↔ slight
pristine adj. 오염되지 않은/소박한 : PURE
: not spoiled, corrupted, or polluted (as by civilization) profane v. 신성 모독하다 : DESECRATE
pristine : decay :: stable : fluctuation : to treat (something sacred) with abuse, irreverence, or
demanding : satisfactory :: adulterate : pristine(#) contempt
pristine : blemish :: ?? pierce : impenetrable :: profane : inviolable(#)
squalid ↔ pristine inviolable ↔ profane/impure
pristine ↔ taint
proffer v. 제의하다 : TENDER, OFFER
privilege n. 특권 : PREROGATIVE proffer ↔ retain
116
proficient adj. 숙련된 promulgate v. 공표하다

: having or marked by an advanced degree of : to make known (a decree, for example) by public
competence, as in an art, vocation, profession, or declaration; announce officially
branch of learning promulgate ↔ keep secrete
proficient inept
proficient incompetent propagate v. 번식시키다/전하다 : EXTEND
: to cause to spread out and affect a greater number or
profligate adj. 방탕한/낭비하는 : PRODIGAL greater area
: completely given up to dissipation and licentiousness propagate ↔ check
profligate : solvent :: mercurial : committed(#)
garrulous : words :: profligate : money propensity n. 경향
loquacious : word :: profligate : money : an often intense natural inclination or preference
parsimonious : profligacy :: impetuous : hesitance propensity ↔ aversion
profligate ↔ parsimonious/frugal
provident ↔ profligate propitious adj. 형편 좋은/길조의
temperance profligacy : presenting favorable circumstances
profligate ↔ economy propitious ↔ unfavorable
profusion n. 풍부 prophetic adj. 예언하는 : PREDICTIVE

: great quantity; lavish display or supply : foretelling events as if by divine inspiration
profusion ↔ paucity mentor：guidance :: oracle：prophecy
profuse ↔ scanty
propitiate v. 달래다/화해시키다 : APPEASE,
prohibitive adj. 금지의/터무니없는 CONCILIATE
: prohibiting; forbidding. : to gain or regain the favor or good will of
: so high or burdensome as to discourage purchase or immutable : altered :: implacable : propitiated(#)
use inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated
veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory propitiate ↔ incense
prohibitive : purchase :: peremptory : dispute propitiate ↔ antagonize
propitiate ↔ denounce
proliferate v. 증식하다
: to grow by rapid production of new parts, cells, buds, propitious adj. 길조의/호의적인 ：BENEVOLENT
or offspring : favorably disposed
proliferate ↔ dwindle inauspicious ↔ propitious
proliferate ↔ decrease in mount propitious ↔ unfavorable
prolix adj. 지루하게 긴/장황한 proposal n. 제안

: marked by or using an excess of words
pithy ↔ prolix prosaic adj. 평범한/재미없는 : DULL,
prolixity ↔ succinctness UNIMAGINATIVE, EVERYDAY, ORDINARY
taciturn ↔ prolix : lacking in imagination and spirit
terse ↔ prolix prosaic ↔ exceptional/imaginary/exciting
prosaic ↔ preternatural
prolong v. 늘이다 prosaic extraordinary
prolong ↔ truncate ingenious prosaic
prominent adj. 두드러진/유명한 : CONSPICUOUS proscribe v. 배척하다/금지하다 : PROHIBIT

: readily noticeable : to condemn or forbid as harmful or unlawful
: widely and popularly known proscribed ↔ permitted
prominent : notice :: lucid：understand proscription ↔ permission
eclipse ↔ make more prominent/bring to more
prominent prosecution n. 고발
prominent ↔ inconspicuous : the act or process of prosecuting; specifically :the
institution and continuance of a criminal suit involving
promote v. 진척시키다/승진시키다 : FURTHER the process of pursuing formal charges against an
: to contribute to the growth or prosperity of offender to final judgment
abate ↔ intensify/promote mediation : compromise :: prosecution : conviction
subside ↔ promote
117
proselytize v. 변절시키다 protuberant adj. 현저한/돌출한 : PROMINENT

: to induce someone to convert to one's faith : thrusting out from a surrounding or adjacent surface
hunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convert often as a rounded mass
salesperson : buy :: proselytizer：convert protuberant ↔ depressed
swindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert
proselytizer : controvert :: mediator : reconcile provident adj. 선견지명이 있는 : FRUGAL, SAVING
provident ↔ profligate
prospect v. (광산 등)을 시굴하다
: to explore an area especially for mineral deposits providential adj. 천우신조의/운 좋은
prospect : mineral :: investigate : information : happening as if through divine intervention; opportune
providential ↔ unfortunate/mishap
prosperous adj. 번영하는 : PALMY
: marked by success or economic well-being provincial adj/n. 편협한(놈) : NARROW
: enjoying vigorous and healthy growth bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan
palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity(=) provincial ↔ ecumenical
impecunious ↔ wealthy/prosperous/affluent
prosperous ↔ depressed provisional adj. 임시적인 : TEMPORARY
: provided or serving only for the time being
prostrate adj/v. 엎드린/기죽은/쇠약하게 하다 definitive ↔ provisional
: trailing on the ground
: completely overcome and lacking vitality, will, or provisory adj. 조건부의 : CONDITIONAL
power to rise : depending on a proviso
: to put (oneself) in a humble and submissive posture or provisory ↔ unconditional
state
prostrate ↔ erect provoke v. 자극하다 : EVOKE
prostrate ↔ upright : to call forth (as a feeling or action)
prostrate ↔ strengthen choleric ↔ difficult to provoke
prostrate ↔ uphold jejune ↔ thought provoking
suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke(#)
protagonist n. 주창자
: the principal character in a literary work (as a drama prowess n. 용기/탁월한 기량
or story) : distinguished bravery
: a leading actor, character, or participant in a literary : military valor and skill
work or real event prowess ↔ timidity
protean adj. 다방면의/변화무쌍한 : VERSATILE proximity n. [장소,시간]가까움

: displaying great diversity or variety : the state, quality, sense, or fact of being near or next
circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid(#) proximity ↔ distance
protean ↔ static
prude n. 얌전한 체하는 여자
protest v. 주장하다/항의하다 : a person who is excessively or priggishly attentive to
: to execute or have executed a formal protest against propriety or decorum
(as a bill or note) : a woman who shows or affects extreme modesty
protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat(>) fanatic : devoted :: prude : proper
protocol n. 외교 의례 prudent adj. 신중한 : DISCREET

: a code prescribing strict adherence to correct etiquette : marked by circumspection
and precedence (as in diplomatic exchange and in the prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton
military services) fool ↔ prudent
protocol : blunder :: bumper : damage
grammar : language :: protocol : conduct prudish adj. 몹시 얌전 빼는 : PRIGGISH
: marked by or exhibiting the characteristics of a prude
protract v. 연장하다 : CONTINUE scholarly : pedantic :: modest : prudish
: to prolong in time or space
protract : length :: throng : number prune n. 말린 자두
protract ↔ curtail : a plum dried or capable of drying without fermentation
protract ↔ truncate prune : plum :: raisin : grape
summary ↔ protracted
pry v. 꼬치꼬치 캐내다
118
: to look closely or inquisitively ; to make a nosy or pundit : opinion :: augur : prediction

presumptuous inquiry recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine
prying : inquisitive :: garish : colorful
pungent adj. 신랄한/톡 쏘는 : CAUSTIC
psychology n. 심리학 : marked by a sharp incisive quality
fungi : ecologist :: motivation : psychologist pungency ↔ blandness
pucker v. 주름지게 하다 puny adj. 왜소한/하찮은 : WEAK

: to gather into small wrinkles or folds : slight or inferior in power, size, or importance
astringent : pucker :: coagulant : congeal measly : contemptibly :: puny : weakly
puny ↔ enormous
puckish adj. 장난꾸러기의 : IMPISH, WHIMSICAL
puckish ↔ sober/grave purebred adj. 순종의
puckish ↔ staid : of or belonging to a recognized strain established by
breeding individuals of unmixed lineage over many
puerile adj. 유치한/미숙한 : CHILDISH, SILLY generations
puerile ↔ sagacious hybrid ↔ purebred
puerile ↔ mature
purgatory n. 일시적 고난
puissance n. 권력/세력 : POWER : a place or state of temporary suffering or misery
clout ↔ impuissance
purist n. 관례에 엄격한 놈/순수 주의자
pulchritude n. 미모 : one who adheres strictly and often excessively to a
: great physical beauty and appeal tradition
pulchritude ↔ ugliness/hideousness stickler : approximation/imprecision :: purist :
pulchritude ↔ homeliness adulteration
heretic purist
pullet n. 암 닭 purist radical/liberal
filly : horse :: pullet : chicken
purity n. 맑음/청결
pulverize v. 가루로 만들다 : the quality or state of being pure
: to reduce (as by crushing, beating, or grinding) to very mosquito : netting :: impurity : filter
small synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity
pulverable : crumbed :: lucid : comprehended winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities
pulverize ↔ solidify winnow : grain :: purify : water
distill : purity :: leaven : volume
punch line n. 결정적 말 alloy : purity :: thinness : density(#)
: the sentence, statement, or phrase (as in a joke) that inviolable ↔ profane/impure
makes the point
joke : punch line :: plot : denouement purlieu n. 자주 가는 장소 : HAUNT
pun : joke :: supernova : star : a frequently visited place
taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu(#)
punctilious adj. (규정,형식에) 꼼꼼한 purlieu ↔ infrequent place
: marked by or concerned about precise accordance with
the details of codes or conventions purloin v. 훔치다
dawdler : punctilious :: philistine : cultivated : to appropriate wrongfully and often by a breach of
punctilious ↔ remiss trust
lurk : wait :: purloin : appropriate
puncture n/v. 구멍[을 뚫다] /abscond : depart
: a hole or depression made by a sharp object,
especially a hole in an automotive tire pursue v. 뒤쫓다
puncture : deflated :: jar : unsettled : to follow in order to overtake, capture, kill, or defeat
pundit n. 대학자 : CRITIC purvey v. 조달하다

: one who gives opinions in an authoritative manner : to supply (as provisions) usually as a matter of
augur : predict :: pundit : opine business
authoritativeness : pundits :: allegiance : partisans vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate
/sycophant : fawn /pundit : opine pusillanimous adj. 소심한
119
: lacking courage and resolution : marked by

contemptible timidity
dauntless ↔ pusillanimous
pusillanimous ↔ stouthearted
temerity ↔ pusillanimity/circumspection
valiance ↔ pusillanimity
120
Q quatrain
이루는 것)
n. 4행연구(연속한 4행이 한 stanza를
: a unit or group of four lines of verse

quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech
quaff v. 쭈욱 들이키다 {dictionary : word}는 답아님!
: to drink deeply 총 14행시의 소네트(4.4.4.2행-abab/cdcd/efef/gg)에서
quaff : sip :: stride : mince 앞의 12행중 4.4.4행을 각각 Quatrain이라하고 뒤의 2행을
quaff : sip :: delve : skim Couplet이라고 한다
Couplet : 2행 stanza
quail v. 겁먹다 : COWER Triplet : 3행 stanza
quail ↔ become resolute Sestet : 6행 stanza
Octave : 8행 stanza
quaint adj. 기이한 : ODD Sonnet : 14행 stanza
qualified adj. 자질을 갖춘/조건부의 quaver v. 떨리는 소리로 말하다

: having complied with the specific requirements or : to utter sound in tremulous tones
precedent conditions (as for an office or employment) voice : quaver :: hand : tremble
: limited or modified in some way
mitigate : severe :: qualify : general quell v. 진압하다/가라앉히다
absolute/unreserved ↔ qualified quell ↔ foment/instigate/rouse
categorical ↔ qualified/conditional quell ↔ incite
qualm n. 깨림직함/의심/불안 quench v. 끄다/물로 식히다/억제하다 : SUPPRESS,

: a sudden access of usually disturbing emotion (as SLAKE
doubt or fear) : to put out
: uneasy feeling about the propriety or rightness of a tint : suffuse : damp : quench
course of action quench ↔ ignite
demur : qualms :: waver : irresoluteness
querulous adj. 불평 많은
quandary n. 불확실한 상태/진퇴양난 : habitually complaining
: a state of uncertainty or perplexity querulous : complain :: voluble : talk
quandary ↔ state of complete certainty querulous : complaint :: obsequious : flattery
quarantine n. 격리 quest v. 요구하다

: a restraint upon the activities or communication of : to ask for
persons or the transport of goods designed to prevent quest : reply :: command : action
the spread of disease or pests
embargo : commerce :: quarantine : contact questionnaire n. 질문 사항
hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination
/safeguard : accident queue n. 줄
: a waiting line especially of persons or vehicles
quarry n/v. 채석장/(지식,사냥감)을 찾다 colonnade : pillar :: queue : person
: an open excavation usually for obtaining building stone, person : queue :: scene : panorama
slate, or limestone queue : people :: chain : link
: to dig or take from or as if from a quarry
mine : ore :: quarry : rock quibble n/v. 트집(잡다)/요점을 얼버무리다
hunter : quarry :: proselytizer : convert : to evade the point of an argument by caviling about
quarry : marble :: mine : coal words
: to find fault or criticize for petty reasons
quartet n. 사중창단 encomiast : eulogize :: quibble : cavil
: a composition for four voices or four instruments. nitpicker : criticize :: quibbler : cavil
: a group of four singers or four instrumentalists quibble : failing :: rift : breach
quartet : singer :: score : note
quicksand n. 헤어나기 힘든 상황
quash v. 진압하다/가라앉히다 : something that entraps or frustrates
: to suppress or extinguish summarily and completely
quash ↔ engender quiescent adj. 조용한
quash ↔ foment quietude/quiescence ↔ tumult
121
quip n. 빈정대는 말 : GIBE

: a clever usually taunting remark
quixotic adj. 돈키호테식의

: foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals
quixotic ↔ displaying consistently practical behavior
quota n. 할당량
: the number or amount constituting a proportional
share
quota ↔ unlimited number
quotidian adj. 매일의/흔해빠진 : COMMONPLACE,

ORDINARY
: occurring every day
quotidian ↔ remarkable
quotidian ↔ striking
122
R rakish : restraint :: slothful : assiduity
raisin n. 건포도
: a sweet grape dried either in the sun or by artificial
rabble n. 폭도 : MOB means
: a disorganized or disorderly crowd of people prune : plum :: raisin : grape
items : hodgepodge :: people : rabble
ramble v. 어슬렁 거리다(쓸데없이)
rabid adj. 과격한/미쳐 날뛰는 : FURIOUS : to move aimlessly from place to place
: extremely violent draw : doodle :: travel : ramble
rabid ↔ logical foot : perambulate :: eye : observe
rabid uncommitted
rambunctious adj. 미친 듯 날뛰는 : UNRULY
racketeer n. 무법자 : marked by uncontrollable exuberance
: one who obtains money by an illegal enterprise usually rambunctious ↔ quiescent
involving intimidation
rampart n. 성벽 : BULWARK
raconteur n. 이야기꾼 : a protective barrier
: a person who excels in telling anecdotes tower : edifice :: rampart : barrier
raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing rampart : invasion :: levee : flood
racy adj. (이야기가) 짜릿한/통쾌한 : PIQUANT ramshackle adj. 덜커덩거리는 : RICKETY

: having a strongly marked quality : appearing ready to collapse
tame ↔ racy ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity(#)
raffish adj. 비천한/저속한 rancid adj. 악취가 나는 : RANK, FETID

: marked by or suggestive of flashy vulgarity or : offensive in odor or flavor
crudeness
ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen(#) rancor n. 원한
ingenuous : dissemble :: polite : snub(#) : bitter deep-seated ill will
raffish：decorum :: merciless：leniency(#) rancor ↔ good will
rancor ↔ charitableness
raffle n. 복권식 판매 concord ↔ rancor
: a lottery in which the prize is won by one of numerous
persons buying chances randomize v. 무작위 추출하다
lottery : raffle :: ticket : admission : to make random in arrangement, especially in order to
control the variables in an experiment
rafter n. (지붕의)서까래 randomize ↔ systematize
: any of the parallel beams that support a roof
roof : rafter :: table : leg range n. 산맥
: a series of mountains
rage n. 격노 range : mountain :: chain : link
: violent and uncontrolled anger
bigotry : dedication :: rage : anger(>) ranger n. 산림 경비원
gush : effusive :: rage : irate : the keeper of a British royal park or forest
infuriate : rage :: nonplus : perplexity ranger : forest :: curator : museum
ragged adj. 너덜너덜한 rank adj. 고약한 냄새 나는 : RANCID

: torn or worn to tatters : offensive in odor or flavor
cloth : ragged :: furniture : rickety
rankle v. 안달 나게 괴롭히다
rail v. 욕하다 : to cause anger, irritation, or deep bitterness
: to revile or scold in harsh, insolent, or abusive rankle ↔ pacify
language rankle ↔ calm
rail extol mollify ↔ rankle
rankle ↔ soothe
rakish adj. 방탕한/멋부린 : DISSOLUTE
: of, relating to, or characteristic of a rake: having a trim rant v. 호통치다/호언장담하다
or streamlined appearance suggestive of speed : to scold vehemently
123
: to utter in a bombastic declamatory fashion : to provide plausible but untrue reasons for conduct
fear : cower :: anger : rant rationalization : plausible :: obfuscation : discernible
rant : grandiloquence :: ?? rational : fraudulent :: irreprehensible : blamable(#)
rapacious adj. 만족할 줄 모르는 raucous adj. 귀에 거슬리는 : HOARSE

: excessively grasping or covetous : disagreeably harsh or strident
troubled : distraught :: covetous : rapacious(<)
ravel v. (실 등을)풀다 : UNRAVEL
rapport n. (조화 있는)관계 : to separate or undo the texture of
: relation marked by harmony, conformity, accord, or ravel ↔ knit
affinity
rapport ↔ discord rave n. 극찬
: an extravagantly favorable criticism
rapprochement n. 국가간의 친선 rave ↔ pan
: establishment of or state of having cordial relations
estrangement ↔ rapprochement ravenous adj. 걸신들린
: very eager or greedy for food, satisfaction, or
rapscallion n. 쌩양아치 gratification
rapscallion : mischievous :: sluggard : lazy incontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended
{cavalier : arrogant}는 답아님!
raze v. 파괴하다 : DEMOLISH
rapt adj. 몰두한/푹 빠진 : ENGROSSED : to destroy to the ground
: wholly absorbed raze ↔ build
intrepid : deter :: rapt : distract raze ↔ construct
rapt ↔ distracted
reactant n. 반응물
rarefy v. 희박하게 하다 : a substance that enters into and is altered in the
: to make thin, less compact, or less dense course of a chemical reaction
rarefy ↔ concentrate reactant ↔ inert material
rarefy ↔ condense reactive ↔ inert
rarefy ↔ make denser
reactionary adj/n. 보수적인/반동의/반동분자
rarity n. 희박함/드문 일,상태 : relating to, marked by, or favoring reaction ;
: the quality, state, or fact of being rare ultraconservative in politics
plurality ↔ rarity contumacious : authority ::
rash adj. 무모한/신중치 못한 change/innovation/novelty
: marked by or proceeding from undue haste or lack of recalcitrant/refractory : authority :: reactionary : change
deliberation or caution votary ↔ reactionary
obsessed : attracted :: rash : adventurous(>)
loquacious : talkative :: rash : adventurous(>) ream n. 종이 단위(500장)
: a quantity of paper being 20 quires or variously 480,
raspy adj. 칠판 긁는 소리 나는 : HARSH, GRATING 500, or 516 sheets
mellifluous ↔ raspy ream : paper :: cord : wood
ratify v. 비준(승인)하다 : CONFIRM reaper n. 수확하는 놈

: to approve and sanction formally : one that reaps; especially :any of various machines
repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification(#) for reaping grain
scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter
ratiocination n. 추리/추론 : REASONING
: the process of exact thinking reassure v. 안심시키다
ratiocination : thinking :: articulateness : talking(>) : to restore to confidence
feed : hunger :: reassure : uneasiness
ration n. (식품의)할당량
: a food allowance for one day rebuff v. 거절하다/퇴짜 놓다 : SNUB
dose : medicine :: ration : food : to reject or criticize sharply
dose : medicine :: sentence : punishment rebuff ↔ approve
rebuff ↔ welcome
rationalize v. 합리화하다
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rebus n. 수수께끼 그림
: a riddle made up of such pictures or symbols reclaim v. 갱생시키다/개간하다 : REFORM, TAME,
rebus : dissimulation :: ?? SUBDUE
symbols : rebus :: notes: score : to recall from wrong or improper conduct
recalcitrant adj. 반항하는/다루기 힘든 recluse n. 은둔자

: obstinately defiant of authority or restraint : a person who leads a secluded or solitary life
incongruent : conform :: recalcitrant : obey(#) poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness
recalcitrant/refractory : authority :: reactionary : recluse : communicate :: ??
change(#) roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw
impudent : brazenness :: recalcitrant : stubbornness(=) turncoat : consistency : recluse : compassion
recalcitrant ↔ amenable recluse : society :: shirk : duty
recalcitrant ↔ tractable recluse : crowd :: claustrophobia : enclosure
recluse : solitude :: toady : favor
recant v. (진술,믿음)을 철회하다 : RENOUNCE
: to withdraw or repudiate (a statement or belief) recoil v. 후퇴하다/뒤로 물러가다
formally and publicly : to fall back under pressure
: to make an open confession of error recoil : advanced :: ??
apostasy : faith :: recantation : heresy recoil ↔ advance
recantation : error :: confession : crime
recantation : confess :: guilt : ? reconcile v. 화해시키다
recant ↔ reaffirm : to make consistent or congruous
rift ↔ reconciliation
receipt n. 영수증
: a writing acknowledging the receiving of goods or recondite adj. 난해한/거의 알려지지 않은 : DEEP
money : difficult or impossible for one of ordinary
understanding or knowledge to comprehend
receptacle n. 그릇 serpentine : directness :: recondite : placidity
: a container that holds items or matter respect : baseness :: study : reconditeness
bowl : receptacle :: bicycle : vehicle recondite ↔ widely understood
recondite ↔ patent
recessive adj. 열성의 recondite ↔ self-explain
: of, relating to, or designating an allele that does not recondite ↔ self-evident
produce a characteristic effect when present with a
dominant allele reconnoiter v. 정찰하다/답사하다
dominant ↔ recessive : to make a preliminary inspection of, especially in order
to gather military information
recidivism n. 상습적 범죄 reconnoiter : information :: prowl : prey
: a tendency to relapse into a previous condition or reconnoiter : information :: canvass : votes
mode of behavior
: relapse into criminal behavior reconstitute v. 원 상태로 돌리다/물을 타다
recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce : to constitute again or anew; especially : to restore to a
recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine former condition by adding water
sycophant : flatter :: recidivist : relapse reconstitute ↔ dehydrate
reciprocate v. 왕복 운동하다/보답하다 rectify v. 조정하다 : ADJUST

: to move forward and backward alternately : to correct by removing errors
: to make a return for something rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis
reciprocating ↔ moving unidirectionally
rectitude n. 정직/공정 : RIGHTEOUSNESS
reciprocal adj. 상호의 : moral integrity
: concerning each of two or more persons or things : the quality or condition of being correct in judgment
reciprocal ↔ secund rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse(#)
perspicacity : dupe :: rectitude : corruptionist
reckless adj. 앞뒤 안 가리는/무모한 inequity ↔ rectitude
: marked by lack of proper caution
: careless of consequences recumbent adj. 누워 있는/활동 없는
circumspect/measured ↔ : lying down, especially in a position of comfort or rest
audacious/reckless/unscrupulous recumbent ↔ standing up
125
refugee n. 난민
recuperative adj. 회복력이 있는 : one that flees; especially :a person who flees to a
recuperative ↔ debilitating foreign country or power to escape danger or
persecution
recur v. 재발하다 refugee : asylum :: ??
: to occur again after an interval : occur time after time
periodic : recur :: evanescent : vanish refuse n. 쓰레기 : TRASH, GARBAGE
refuse ↔ valuable thing
redolent adj. 향기 나는 : AROMATIC refuse ↔ useful material
: having or emitting fragrance
redolent ↔ unscented refute v. 반박하다
: to prove wrong by argument or evidence ; show to be
redoubtable adj 가공할/외경스러운 : FORMIDABLE false or erroneous
: causing fear or alarm refutation ↔ verification
: worthy of respect refute ↔ verify
exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame refute ↔ affirm
/redoubtable : regard
redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable : regard n. 존경 : ESTEEM
scorn/contempt/disregard : a feeling of respect and affection
exemplary : imitation :: culpable : blame
redress v. 바로잡다 : REMEDY exemplary : imitation :: redoubtable : regard
: to set right flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge
redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable :
redundant adj. 장황한/불필요한 : SUPERFLUOUS scorn/contempt/disregard
: exceeding what is necessary or normal
indigent : wealth :: redundant : indispensability regenerate adj. 갱생한
redundant : necessity :: clumsy : knack : spiritually or morally reformed
truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse(#)
reel n/v. 감는 틀/비틀비틀 거리다
: to walk or move unsteadily regimen n. 요양법/섭생법
reel : winding :: die : shaping : a systematic plan (as of diet, therapy, or medication)
especially when designed to improve and maintain the
refectory n. 식당 health of a patient
: a dining hall (as in a monastery or college) regimen : health :: mnemonics : memory
regimen : health :: budget : solvency
refinery n. 정제소
: a building and equipment for refining or processing (as regression n. 후퇴/퇴화
oil or sugar) : a trend or shift toward a lower or less perfect state
refinery : petroleum :: mill : grain regressive ↔ forward
crass ↔ refined
refine ↔ reduce purity rehabilitation n. 재건/명예회복
: to restore to a former state (as of efficiency, good
reflective adj. 심사 숙고하는 : THOUGHTFUL, management, or solvency)
DELIBERATIVE : to restore or bring to a condition of health or useful
: marked by reflection and constructive activity
recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce
refractory adj. 다루기 힘든/반응 없는 : STUBBORN, recycle : disposal :: rehabilitate : demolition
UNMANAGEABLE building : restoration :: person : rehabilitation
: resisting control or authority
: unresponsive to stimulus reign n. 지배 : SOVEREIGNTY
adamant : flexibility :: refractory : control(#) : royal authority
recalcitrant/refractory : authority :: reactionary : coronation : reign :: wedding : marriage
change
refractory ↔ responsive rein n. 고삐 억제 규제
: to check or stop by or as if by a pull at the reins
refresh v. 상쾌하게 하다 : REVIVE rein ↔ prod
: to restore strength and animation to
disgruntle ↔ refresh reiterate v. 되풀이하다
: to state or do over again or repeatedly sometimes with
126
wearying effect remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove

digress : excursive :: reiterate : redundant(=) remonstrative : dissuade :: reprehensible : censure
remonstrator : dissuade :: applicant : appeal
relapse v. 다시 타락하다/재발하다 remonstrance : oppose :: syllogism : disprove
: to slip or fall back into a former worse state
recidivism : relapse :: rehabilitation : convalesce remorse n. 양심의 가책 : SELF-REPROACH
recidivist : relapse :: pundit : opine : a gnawing distress arising from a sense of guilt for
past wrongs
release v. 풀어주다 longing : pine :: remorse : rue(=)
: to set free from restraint, confinement, or servitude truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse
constrain ↔ release regret : 실패·도덕적 잘못 등에 대한 뉘우침.
immure ↔ release penitence : 도덕적 죄악감으로 책임을 느끼기.
repentance : penitence 보다 뜻이 깊고, 개전의 정을
relentless adj. 냉혹한/잔인한 : UNRELENTING 내포함.
: showing or promising no abatement of severity, remorse : 양심의 가책.
intensity, strength, or pace
inexorable ↔ relenting remote adj. 먼 장래의
: distant in time
relevant adj. 관련된/적절한 remote ↔ impending
: having significant and demonstrable bearing on the
matter at hand remunerate v. 보답하다 : RECOMPENSE
immaterial : relevance :: peripheral : center(#) : to pay an equivalent to for a service, loss, or expense
immaterial : relevance :: circuitous : directness remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury
relevant : crucial :: perceptible : obvious(<) remunerative ↔ unrequited
relevant ↔ immaterial
rend v. 찢다/분열시키다/[마음]어지럽히다
religion n. 종교 : to perform an act of tearing or splitting
: a cause, principle, or system of beliefs held to with rend : tear :: dissipate : diminish
ardor and faith rend ↔ unite/mend
religion : devoutness :: canon : orthodoxy rend ↔ repair
rend ↔ fuse
relinquish v. (소유,권리)를 포기하다/단념하다 :
RELEASE renounce v. 포기하다
: to stop holding physically : to give up, refuse, or resign usually by formal
: to give over possession or control of declaration
procure ↔ relinquish claim ↔ renounce
relinquish ↔ cling to
renovate v. 혁신하다/기운 나게 하다
relish v. 즐기다/좋아하다 : to restore to a former better state (as by cleaning,
: to be pleased or gratified by repairing, or rebuilding)
relish ↔ despise renovate ↔ cause to decay
remiss adj. 태만한/부주의한 : LAX, CARELESS renunciation n. 단념/지제

: negligent in the performance of work or duty : the act or practice of renouncing
: showing neglect or inattention : ascetic self-denial
punctilious ↔ remiss renunciation ↔ adoption
remiss ↔ scrupulous /wary
repartee n. 재치 있는 응답
remnant n. 파편/유물 : a succession or interchange of clever retorts
: a usually small part, member, or trace remaining repartee : retort :: debate : issue(=)
shred : remnant :: ??
repatriate v. 본국으로 송환하다
remodel v. 개조하다 : REMAKE : to restore or return to the country of origin, allegiance,
: to alter the structure of or citizenship
construct : remodel :: compose : edit repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification
remonstrance n. 항의/항변 repeal v. 폐지하다/철회하다

: an earnest presentation of reasons for opposition or : to rescind or annul by authoritative act ; to revoke or
grievance abrogate by legislative enactment
127
repatriate : emigration :: repeal : ratification

repeal ↔ ratify reprisal n. 보복행위
: the act or practice in international law of resorting to
repel v. 물리치다/불쾌감을 느끼다 force short of war in retaliation for damage or loss
: to cause aversion in suffered
court ↔ repel intentionally
reproach v/n. 비난하다/질책
repellent adj. 불쾌한 : an expression of rebuke or disapproval
: serving or tending to drive away or ward off : to express disappointment in or displeasure with (a
repellent : attract :: ephemeral : endure(#) person) for conduct that is blameworthy or in need of
entrancing ↔ disappoint/disgusting/repellent/repulsive amendment
upbraid : reproach :: dote : like(>)
repertoire n. 목록/연주 목록 nefarious ↔ above reproach/virtuous
: the complete list or supply of dramas, operas, or scurvy ↔ above reproach
musical works available for performance opprobrious ↔ irreproachable
palette : color :: repertoire : play
repertoire : performance :: manifest : cargo reprobate n/a/v. 난봉꾼/타락한/비난하다
repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting : to condemn strongly as unworthy, unacceptable, or evil
repine v. 투덜대다 reprobate ↔ righteous individual
: to feel or express dejection or discontent reprobation ↔ acclaim
repine ↔ express joy
reproof n. 책망/질책 : REBUKE
replete adj. 충분한 : criticism for a fault
: fully or abundantly provided or filled castigation : reproof :: loathing : dislike(>)
repletion ↔ want castigation : reproof :: glorification : merit
repletion ↔ emptiness
repletion ↔ privation reprove v. 꾸짖다
: to scold or correct usually gently or with kindly intent
repose n. 휴식 pretense : deceive :: admonition : reprove(<)
: the act of resting or the state of being at rest reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure(<)
guilt : expiation :: fatigue : repose
repudiate v. 거절하다/부인하다
reportorial adj. 보고서적인/사실에 입각한 : to refuse to accept; especially :to reject as
reportorial ↔ imaginative unauthorized or as having no binding force
: to reject as untrue or unjust
reprehensible adj. 비난할 만한 : CULPABLE
: worthy of or deserving reprehension repugnant adj. 혐오하는
lamentable : pity :: reprehensible : censure : exciting distaste or aversion
censure : blameless :: approbation : reprehensible odious : repugnance :: menacing : fear
cogent : convince :: repugnant : repel
reprehension n. 질책/비난
: the act of rebuking or censuring repulse v. 퇴짜 놓다 : REPEL
remonstrance : dissuade :: reprehension : censure : to drive or beat back
jeer : derision :: reprehend : censure captivate ↔ repulse
court ↔ repulse intentionally
repressed adj. 억압된 entrancing ↔ disappoint/disgusting/repellent/repulsive
: characterized by rest
unrepressed ↔ restrained requite v. 보답하다/복수하다
: to make repayment or return for
reprieve n. 형 집행연기 : to avenge
: the act of delaying the punishment of (as a requite ↔ leave unrepaid
condemned prisoner)
reprieve : punishment :: moratorium : activity rescind v. 폐지하다/철회하다 : REPEAL
: to make void (as an act) by action of the enacting
reprimand v. 비난하다 authority or a superior authority
: to reprove sharply or censure formally usually from a irrevocable : rescind :: ??
position of authority rescind ↔ institute/enact
reprove : reprimand :: blame : censure(<) rescission ↔ enactment
128
resentment n. 분개 restive adj. 차분하지 못한/다루기 힘든 : FIDGETY,

: a feeling of indignant displeasure or persistent ill will BALKY
at something regarded as a wrong, insult, or injury : stubbornly resisting control
: marked by impatience
reserved adj. (언행이) 조심스러운 incogitant : thoughtful :: restive : calm
: restrained in words and actions restive : calm :: piddling : considerable(#)
furtive : openness :: flamboyant : reserve restive : calmness :: keen : obtuseness(#)
furtive : open :: flippant : reserved restive : calmness :: impetuous : patience
expansive ↔ reserved/diffident restive ↔ calm/imperturbable
unreserved ↔ qualified restiveness ↔ contentment
resign v. 사임하다 : QUIT restore v. 부흥하다/재건하다

: to give up one's office or position : to put or bring back into existence or use
abdicate : throne :: resign : office dilapidated ↔ restored
resilient adj. 곧 회복하는/탄력있는 restrain v. 억누르다/말리다

: tending to recover from or adjust easily to misfortune : to limit, restrict, or keep under control
or change temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist(=)
resilient ↔ unable to adjust bridled ↔ without restraint
fervid ↔ restrained
resin n. 나무의 진 unrepressed ↔ restrained
resin : tree :: gum : rubber plant
resurgence n. 소생 : RENASCENCE
resolute adj. 굳게 결심한/단호한 : RESOLVED : a rising again into life, activity, or prominence
: marked by firm determination resurgence ↔ waning vitally
malleable : shape :: irresolute : opinion resurgent ↔ in decline
resolute : determined :: ??(=)
daunt ↔ make resolute resuscitate v. 소생시키다 : REVITALIZE
jittery ↔ resolute : to revive from apparent death or from unconsciousness
resolution ↔ vacillation extinct ↔ resuscitated
resuscitation ↔ enervation
resonant adj. 울려 퍼지는
full-bodied : flavor :: resonant : sound retainer n. 신하 : SERVANT
resonant ↔ muffled : a person attached or owing service to a household
retainer : retinue :: witch : coven
resourceful adj. 재치 있는
: able to meet situations ; capable of devising ways and retaliate v. 앙갚음하다
means : to repay (as an injury) in kind
resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : geniality remuneration : service :: retaliation : injury
resourceful : inventiveness :: philanthropic : mercy
retard v. 지체 시키다 : IMPEDE
respite n. 일시적 중단/잠깐의 휴식 : REPRIEVE : to slow up especially by preventing or hindering
: an interval of rest or relief advance or accomplishment
respite : labor :: interim : concert divert : shunt :: retard : brake
fast : eat :: respite : labor catalyze ↔ retard
plateau : change :: respite : activity expedite ↔ retard
precipitate ↔ retard/dilatory
resplendent adj. 화려한/눈부신
: shining brilliantly : characterized by a glowing splendor reticent adj. 과묵한 : RELUCTANT
bootless : futility :: effulgent : resplendence(=) : inclined to be silent or uncommunicative in speech
bravura : performance :: resplendent : appearance : restrained in expression, presentation, or appearance
resplendent ↔ dull reticent : talk :: abstemious : gorge
resplendent ↔ lackluster reticent : voluble :: ??
reticent ↔ loquacious
responsive adj. 민감한 : SENSITIVE reticent ↔ effusive
: quick to respond or react appropriately or vociferous ↔ reticent/monotone
sympathetically voluble ↔ taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent
dispassionate ↔ responsive reticent ↔ frank
129
retinue n. 수행원 revere v. 경외하다

: a group of retainers or attendants : to show devoted deferential honor to : regard as
retainer : retinue :: witch : coven worthy of great honor
retinue : attendant :: coven : witch reverence : respect :: avidity : enthusiasm(>)
retinue : attendant :: staff : officer reverent : idolater :: trusting : dupe
retinue : attendant :: suite : room venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn
attendant : retinue :: officer : staff elegiac : sorrow :: devotional : reverence(=)
exemplary : imitation :: venerable : reverence
retort n. 재치 있는 응수 : RETURN revere ↔ jape at
: a quick incisive reply, especially one that turns the first revere ↔ disparage
speaker's words to his or her own disadvantage. revere ↔ despise
repartee : retort :: debate : issue(=)
retort : response :: ?? revise v. 교정하다
: to look over again in order to correct or improve
retouch v. 손질하다 revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture
: to alter (as a photographic negative) to produce a
more desirable appearance revive v. 소생시키다/기운 나게 하다
revise : manuscript :: retouch : picture : to restore to use, currency, activity, or notice
wither ↔ revive
retract v. 철회하다/움츠러들다 lull ↔ revive
: to draw or pull back
: to recant or disavow something revue n. 시사 풍자극
misunderstood : clarify :: erroneous : retract : a musical show consisting of skits, songs, and dances,
countermand : order :: revoke : license often satirizing current events, trends, and personalities.
foster ↔ retract
rewarding adj. 보답하는/보람있는 : VALUABLE,
retreat n. 피난/은퇴 SATISFYING
: the usually forced withdrawal of troops from an enemy : offering or likely to offer satisfaction or gratification
or from an advanced position drudgery ↔ rewarding work
incursion ↔ retreat
ribald adj. 상스러운/야비한 : CRUDE, OFFENSIVE
retrench v. 줄이다/절약하다 : characterized by or using coarse indecent humor
: to curtail expenses ribald ↔ seemly
retrenchment : expense :: deceleration : speed
attenuate : force :: simplify : complexity rickety adj. 삐걱거리는 : SHAKY
/retrench : money : lacking stability or firmness
retrench ↔ enlarge cloth : ragged :: furniture : rickety
retrograde adj. 역행하는/퇴보하는 rider n. 추가 조항

: tending toward or resulting in a worse or previous : an addition to a document often attached on a
state separate piece of paper
retrograde ↔ progressive rider : bill :: endorsement : policy
[retro: 뒤로/꺼꾸로]
ridicule n/v. 비웃다/조롱
retrospective adj. 회고의 : words or actions intended to evoke contemptuous
: affecting things past laughter at or feelings toward a person or thing
retrospective ↔ anticipatory : to make fun of
satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow
revelation n. 폭로/계시 reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist
: the act of revealing or disclosing pillory : ridicule :: guillotine : execute
revelation ↔ adumbration risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness
ridicule : derision :: ??
revelry n. 야단 법석 sublime ↔ ridiculous
: noisy partying or merrymaking funny :「우스운」을 뜻하는 구어적인 말.
revelry ↔ mournfulness ludicrous, risible : 상식에서 벗어난 어리석음 때문에 사람을
웃기는.
revenge n. 복수 ridiculous : 너무나 바보스러워 비웃음을 자아내는.
mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge
130
rife adj. 유행하는/가득찬 : ABOUNDING

: copiously supplied rodomontade adj/n. 큰소리치는/허풍 : RANT
sparse ↔ rife : pretentiously boastful or bragging
: vain boasting or bluster
rift n. 불화/틈 : BREACH, ESTRANGEMENT pontificate : dogmatic :: swagger : rodomontade
: a narrow fissure in rock.
: a break in friendly relations roil v. 휘저어 흐리게 만들다/마음을 휘 젖다
faultfinding : criticize :: quibble : cavil : be in a state of turbulence or agitation
quibble : failing :: rift : breach(<) : to stir up
rift ↔ reconciliation roil ↔ clarify/appease/settle
rig v. 승부를 조작하다 roister v. 술 마시며 떠들다 : CAROUSE

: to manipulate or control usually by deceptive or : to engage in noisy revelry
dishonest means roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw
rig : contest :: gerrymander : district
roster n. 명단l
rigid adj. 경직된/굳은 : a roll or list of personnel
: inflexibly set in opinion roster : personnel :: slate : candidate
: strictly observed roster : staff :: obituary : death
circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid
pliable ↔ rigid rostrum n. 연단
: a stage for public speaking
rigorous adj. 엄격한/정확한 rostrum : orator :: bench : judge
: manifesting, exercising, or favoring rigor
: marked by extremes of temperature or climate rosy adj. 장미빛의
: scrupulously accurate : characterized by or tending to promote optimism
rile v. 화나게 하다/짜증나게 하다 : UPSET roundabout adj. 우회적인 : CIRCUITOUS, INDIRECT

: to make agitated and angry
appease ↔ rile rouse v. 자극하다
choleric : rile :: volatile : rouse : to become stirred
rile ↔ conciliate mollify ↔ rouse
rile ↔ make calm quell ↔ foment/instigate/rouse
rouse ↔ move quietly
riot v. 폭동을 일으키다
: to live wildly or engage in uncontrolled revelry rubicund adj. 혈색이 좋은
sedate ↔ riot : having a healthy reddish color
rubicund ↔ pale
risible adj. 웃음을 자아내는 : LAUGHABLE rubicundity ↔ pallor
: arousing or provoking laughter
risible : ridicule :: impudent : brazenness rudder n. 방향타
rite n. 엄숙한 의식 rude adj. 막돼먹은

: a ceremonial act or action rude ↔ civil
rite ↔ improvised act
rudiment n. 초기[미 발달]의 형태
rival n. 경쟁자 : something unformed or undeveloped
rudimentary ↔ fully developed
rive v. 갈기갈기 찢다 : REND rudimentary ↔ fully evolved
: to wrench open or tear apart or to pieces rudimentary ↔ complete involved
rive ↔ unite rudimentary ↔ highly evolved
riven ↔ intact
ruddy adj. 혈색 좋은
robust adj. 튼튼한 : having a healthy, reddish color
: having or exhibiting strength or vigorous health ruddy ↔ anemic
robust ↔ sick
rue n/v. 후회/연민/뉘우치다
rodent n. 설치류 : to feel sorrow, remorse, or regret
kangaroo : marsupial :: squirrel : rodent longing : pine :: remorse : rue
131
rue : satisfaction :: ??
rue ↔ satisfaction
rueful ↔ impenitent
ruffian n. 악당 : BULLY
ruffle n/v. 주름 장식/헝클어 트리다

: a strip of fabric gathered or pleated on one edge
hem : garment :: ruffle : shirt
/molding : cabinet
preen ↔ ruffle
ruminate v. 심사 숙고하다
: to engage in contemplation
ruminate : decide :: ??
rumple n. 구김살 : FOLD, WRINKLE

: an irregular or untidy crease
rumple : shirt :: ??
run n. 연속 공연
: an unbroken course of performances or showings
journal : entries :: run : performance
rupture n. 파열/불화
: breach of peace or concord; specifically :open
hostility or war between nations
ruse n. 계략/음모
: a wily subterfuge
paroxysm : sudden :: ruse : deceptive
ruse : honest :: ??
rustic adj. 전원풍의/소박한 : RURAL

: of, relating to, or suitable for the country
rustic ↔ polished
urbane ↔ rude/rustic
rustling n. 가축을 훔침
: doing to steal cattle
plagiarism : ideas :: rustling : cattle
132
S sage fool
salient adj. 현저한/두드러진

: standing out conspicuously
sabbatical adj. 안식년의 salient : ignore :: incomprehensible : understand
: of or relating to the break or change from a normal subtle : ignore :: salient : observe
routine salient ↔ inconspicuous
sabbatical : leave :: flattering : infatuation salient ↔ reentrant
sabotage v. 고의로 파괴하다 salmon n. 연어

: to commit sabotage against salmon : ichthyologist :: chameleon : herpetologist
saboteur : disrupt :: apologist : defend
sabotage：subvertness :: bully : intimidation(=) salubrious adj. 건강에 좋은
: favorable to or promoting health or well-being
saccharine adj. 달콤한 instructive : comprehension :: salubrious : health
: having a cloyingly sweet attitude, tone, or character virulent ↔ salubrious
sugar : saccharine :: butter : margarine deleterious ↔ salutary/salubrious
acerbic ↔ saccharine insalubrious ↔ wholesome
salubrious ↔ baneful
sacrifice n. 산 제물 바치는 일 healthy : 건강한, 건강하게 하는.
: an act of offering to a deity something precious; healthful : 건강을 증진시키는.
especially :the killing of a victim on an altar sound : 건강에 결함이 없는.
worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury salutary : 건강에 좋은.
wholesome : 심신 양면에서 healthy와 같음.
sacrilege n. 신성 모독
: a technical and not necessarily intrinsically outrageous salutary adj. 유익한/건강에 좋은 : CURATIVE
violation (as improper reception of a sacrament) of what : producing a beneficial effect
is sacred because consecrated to God deleterious ↔ salutary/salubrious
sacrilege ↔ respect/reverence baneful ↔ salutary
saddle v. 책임을 (남에게) 지우다 salutation n. (말·몸짓에 의한)인사

: to place (an onerous responsibility) on a person or : an expression of greeting, goodwill, or courtesy by
group word, gesture, or ceremony
saddle ↔ ? salutation : welcome :: ??
salutation ↔ deportation
safeguard n. 보호수단
: a mechanical device designed to prevent accidents salvage n/v. 해난 구조/구출하다
hedge : loss :: quarantine : contamination
safeguard : accident :: hedge : loss salve n/v. 연고/아첨/진정시키다
: an unctuous adhesive substance for application to
sagacious adj. (판단,통찰력 등)현명한 : DISCERNING wounds or sores
: of keen and farsighted penetration and judgment : a remedial or soothing influence or agency
prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous
turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : sagacity salve ↔ irritate
miser : stingy :: sage : judicious salve ↔ irritant
sage : judgment :: knave : deceit salving ↔ catalyst
sensitive : boor :: sagacity : simpleton(#)
puerile ↔ sagacious salvo n. 일제히 사격/위안
sagacious ↔ without wisdom : an expedient for protecting one's reputation or for
sagacity ↔ folly soothing one's conscience
simpleton ↔ sagacity : something resembling a release or discharge of bombs
or firearms
sage n. 현명한/사려 분별 있는 사람
: one (as a profound philosopher) distinguished for sanctify v. 신성하게 하다 : CONSECRATE
wisdom : to set apart to a sacred purpose or to religious use
: a mature or venerable man of sound judgment desecrate ↔ sanctify/revere
miser : stingy :: sage : judicious
sage : judgment :: knave : deceit sanctimonious adj. 독실한 신자인 체하는
sage : wisdom :: philanthropist : benevolence : affecting piousness : hypocritically devout ; indicative
133
of affected piousness sate ↔ starve

sanctimonious : devout :: unctuous : earnest
satire n. 풍자[문학]
sanction n/v. 인가(하다) : a literary work holding up human vices and follies to
: authoritative permission or approval that makes a ridicule or scorn
course of action valid panegyric : eulogize :: lampoon : satirize
: to give effective or authoritative approval or consent to satire : ridicule :: elegy : sorrow
dismiss ↔ sanction satire : lampoon :: diligence : effort
reportage : journalist :: ridicule : satirist
sanctuary n. 보호 구역/피난처 limerick : poem :: lampoon : satire
: a place of refuge and protection
sanctuary : protection :: utopia : perfection saturated adj. 흠뻑 젖은
sanctuary : protection :: wilderness : peril : full of moisture : made thoroughly wet
satiated : food :: saturated : moisture
sand v/n. 사포질 하다/모래 small : minuscule :: moist : saturated(<)
: to smooth or dress by grinding or rubbing with an obliterate：remove :: saturate : wet(>)
abrasive (as sandpaper)
varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth saturnine adj. 음울한
sand : dune :: word : sentence : of a gloomy or surly disposition
{water : canal}는 답아님! despondent : depressed :: saturnine : gloomy(=)
saturnine ↔ jovial
sanguine adj. 붉그스레한/자신만만한/낙천적인 :
CONFIDENT, OPTIMISTIC saunter v. 어슬렁거리다 : STROLL
: of a healthy reddish color : to walk about in an idle or leisurely manner
: cheerfully confident prate : speak :: saunter : walk
sanguine : blooded :: confident : optimistic
sanguine ↔ despondent savanna n. 대초원
sanguine ↔ morose : a tropical or subtropical grassland containing scattered
trees and drought-resistant undergrowth
sanitation n. 공중 위생 savanna ↔ slope
: the promotion of hygiene and prevention of disease by
maintenance of sanitary conditions savant n. 배운 놈
censorship : information :: sanitation : disease : A learned person
noxious ↔ wholesome/sanitary/innocuous savant unlearned person
sap v. 차차 약화시키다 : UNDERMINE savory adj. 맛있는/평판이 좋은/맘에 드는 : EDIFYING

: to deplete or weaken gradually : pleasing to the sense of taste especially by reason of
sap ↔ invigorate effective seasoning
sap ↔ fortify : morally exemplary
sap ↔ bolster savory：taste :: melodious：hear/sound
savory noisome
sapient adj. 지혜로운 acrid savory
: possessing or expressing great sagacity
sapient ↔ foolish savvy n/adj. 재치(있는)
: practical understanding or shrewdness
sarcastic adj. 빈정대는/비꼬는 : CAUSTIC : well informed and perceptive
: given to the use of sarcasm savvy ↔ simpleton/simplicity
sarcasm ↔ praise savvy ↔ tactless
sartorial adj. 재봉사의 scale v/n. 저울로 재다/음계

tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel : an instrument or machine for weighing
: a graduated series of musical tones ascending or
satiate v. 실컷 만족시키다 descending in order of pitch according to a specified
: to satisfy (as a need or desire) fully or to excess scheme of their intervals
satiated : food :: saturated : moisture gauge : pressure :: scale : weight
satiate ↔ tantalize scale : weight :: yardstick : length
color : spectrum :: tone : scale
sate v. 충분히 만족시키다
: to satisfy (an appetite) fully scalpel n. 외과용 메스
134
scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer schism : consensus :: interruption : continuity(#)

schism ↔ unity
scan v. 운율을 살피다/면밀히 조사하다 schism ↔ concord
: to analyze verse into metrical patterns schism ↔ accord
: to examine closely
scan : metrical :: parse : grammatical scintillating adj. [재치]번뜩이는
: brilliantly lively, stimulating, or witty
scanty adj. 부족한/빠듯한 scintillating ↔ dull
: limited or less than sufficient in degree, quantity, or scintillating ↔ fool
extent
scant : considerable :: ?? scion n. 자손 : DESCENDANT
voluminous ↔ scanty/scarce : a descendant or heir
profuse ↔ scanty scion ↔ ancestor
scant ↔ plenty
myriad ↔ scanty scoff v. 비웃다/조롱하다
scant ↔ considerable : to show contempt by derisive acts or language
scanty ↔ abundant pontificate : pompous :: scoff : derisive
scant ↔ abundant /drawl : slow /bluster : loud /prate : aimless
scoff : contemptible :: thank : grateful
scapegoat n. 남의 죄를 떠맡는 사람/희생양
: one that bears the blame for others scooter n. 스쿠터
oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter
scarce adj. 모자라는/드문
: deficient in quantity or number compared with the scorch v. 바짝 마르다 : PARCH
demand : not plentiful or abundant : to dry or shrivel with or as if with intense heat
superfluity ↔ scarcity dampen ↔ scorch
myriad ↔ few/scarce
score n. 악보
scare v. 겁주다 : ALARM director : script :: conductor : score
: to frighten especially suddenly score : instrument :: ??
scare : terrified :: ?? script : drama :: score : music
bully : scare :: ?? notes : score :: symbols : rebus
scarp n. 급경사 scorn v. 경멸하다

: to show disdain or derision
scathing adj. 상처를 주는/신랄한 : to treat with scorn ; reject or dismiss as contemptible
: bitterly severe or unworthy
scathing ↔ politely cooperative deferential : offend :: scornful : respect
redoubtable : regard/awe :: despicable :
scotch v. [유신 시대]반쯤 맛 가게 하다 scorn/contempt/disregard
: to injure so as to render harmless scorn : reject :: adulate : flatter(>)
scotch ↔ unfasten venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn(=)
adulate ↔ scorn
schematic adj. 도식적인
scour v. 문질러 닦다
scheme v. 음모를 꾸미다 : INTRIGUE : to become clean and bright by rubbing
: to form a scheme for scour : wash :: ??
follow : shadow :: plot : scheme
plan :일을 사전에 계획하기. scowl v. 얼굴을 찌푸리다
design :일부러 꾸민 계획의 뜻이 강함. : to contract the brow in an expression of displeasure
project :세부에 걸쳐 면밀하게 짜인 대규모의 계획, 기획. scowl : displeasure :: kiss : affection
scheme :종종「음모,간계, 흉계」의 뜻으로 쓰임.
scrappy adj. 공격적인
scintillating adj. (재담 등)번뜩이는 : having an aggressive and determined spirit
: brilliantly lively, stimulating, or witty scrappy ↔ timorous
schism n. 분열/분파 scrawl v. 아무렇게나 휘갈겨 쓰다

: formal division in or separation from a church or : to write or draw awkwardly, hastily, or carelessly
religious body scrawl ↔ carefully write
135
: to form and give off (a secretion)

screw n. 나사 frank : secretiveness :: honest : theft
gear : tooth :: screw : thread secrete ↔ absorb
secrete ↔ divulge
scribble v. 휘갈겨 쓰다
: to write hastily or carelessly without regard to legibility sedate v/adj. 진정시키다/차분한
or form : keeping a quiet steady attitude or pace
tinker : adjust :: scribble : write sedative : drowsiness :: anesthetic : numbness
scribble : write :: mumble : talk sedative : pacify :: antiseptic : sterilize
sedation ↔ riot
script n. 대본 sedate ↔ flighty
director : script :: conductor : score sedate ↔ roil
script : drama :: score : music
sedentary adj. 정착성의 : SETTLED
scrupulous adj. 진실한/꼼꼼한 : CONSCIENTIOUS : not migratory
: having moral integrity : acting in strict regard for what migratory ↔ sedentary
is considered right or proper migratory ↔ rooted
: punctiliously exact peripatetic ↔ sedentary
probity ↔ unscrupulousness
seduce v. 매혹하다
scrutable adj. 이해할 수 있는 : COMPREHENSIBLE : to persuade to disobedience or disloyalty
: capable of being deciphered seduce ↔ discourage
mysterious ↔ scrutable
sedulous adj. 부지런한/꼼꼼한
scrutinize v. 정밀 조사하다/빤히 쳐다보다 : diligent in application or pursuit
: to examine or observe closely and minutely sedulous careless
scrutinize : gloss :: delve : skim sedulity lack of industriousness
scrutinize : glimpse/glance :: delve : skim sedulous lazy
scrutinize : look :: contemplate : thought
observe : scrutinize :: question : grill(<) seemly adj. 예의 바른 : DECOROUS
scrutiny ↔ glance : conventionally proper
scrutinize ↔ gloss over ribald : seemly :: labyrinthine : direct(#)
seemly ↔ uncouth
scuff n. 발 끌기 ribald ↔ seemly
: the act or sound of scraping especially with the feet
scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization semblance n. 겉모양/소량 : MODICUM
: outward and often specious appearance or show
sculptor n. 조각가 semblance ↔ authentic article
canvas : painter :: marble : sculptor
seminal adj. 미 발달의/발전 가능성이 있는
scurrilous adj. 상스러운 : containing or contributing the seeds of later
: using or given to coarse language development
scurrilous : propriety :: mercurial : constancy seminal ↔ hampering further development
seminal derivative
scurvy adj. 야비한 : DESPICABLE
: disgustingly mean or contemptible seminary n. 신학교
scurvy ↔ above reproach conservatory : music :: seminary : theology
conservatory : music :: observatory : astronomy
scythe n. 큰 낫
scythe : reaper :: axe : woodcutter sensation n. 감각/센세이션
: state of heightened interest or emotion
seamy adj. [도덕적으로]치사한 analgesic : pain :: anesthetic : sensation
seamy ↔ decent and respectable numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness
numb : insensible :: burnish : lustrous
secluded adj. 은둔의/외딴 pain : analgesic :: sensation : anesthetic
: removed or remote from others; solitary sensation ↔ anesthesia
hermitage : secluded :: landmark : conspicuous sensation ↔ unnoticed event
secrete v. 분비하다 sensitive adj. 민감한/과민한
136
: highly responsive or susceptible perturb : serenity :: console : grief

obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive : offend perturbed : serenity :: impertinent : propriety
insensitive : boor :: mischievous : imp disturb : serenity :: console : grief
sensitivity : boor :: sagacity : simpleton serene ↔ tumultuous
quixotic : idealistic :: touchy : sensitive(>) havoc ↔ serenity
tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion furor ↔ serenity
sensitive ↔ numb tumultuous ↔ serene
insensitive ↔ tender vociferous ↔ serene
sentimental/sentient ↔ unconscious tumult/bedlam/riot ↔ serenity
pandemonium ↔ serenity
sentient adj. 의식(감각)이 있는
: responsive to or conscious of sense impressions serfdom n. 농노의 신분
sentient/sentimental ↔ unconscious serfdom ↔ lord
tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion serfdom ↔ feudal lord
insentient ↔ perceiving
sermon n. 설교
sentinel n. 보초 nitpicker : criticize :: preacher : sermon
: a soldier standing guard at a point of passage (as a homiletics : sermon :: logic : argument
gate)
sentinel : watchful :: epicure : discriminating serpentine adj. 뱀처럼 구불구불한/음흉한
: of or resembling a serpent, as in form or movement
septic adj. 부패의 : sinuous
: of, relating to, having the nature of, or affected by serpentine : directness :: ??
sepsis
septic ↔ free of infection serrate adj. 톱니 모양의/깔죽깔죽한
: notched or toothed on the edge; specifically having
sepulchral adj. 무덤의/음산한 : FUNEREAL, marginal teeth pointing forward or toward the apex
MORTUARY serrated ↔ smooth
: of or relating to a burial vault or a receptacle for serrated ↔ without notches
sacred relics
sepulchral ↔ merry serried adj. 밀집한/빽빽한 : COMPACT
: crowded or pressed together
sequela n. 후유증 serried ↔ widely separated
: a secondary consequence or result
precursor ↔ sequela servile adj. 굽실대는 : ABJECT
: meanly or cravenly submissive
sequester v. 격리하다 compliant : servile :: trusting : gullible(<)
: to cause to withdraw into seclusion gullible : chicanery :: servile : domination
: to set apart imperious : servile :: bellicose : peaceable(#)
sequester : seclusion :: endanger : jeopardy bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan
sequester ↔ permit to mingle impetuous : hesitate :: irrepressible : servile(#)
obsequious : servile :: belligerent : assertive
seraphic adj. 천사 같은
: one of the 6-winged angels standing in the presence of severe adj. 심한/엄격한 : STRINGENT, RESTRICTIVE
God : rigorous in restraint, punishment, or requirement
diabolical ↔ seraphic mitigate : severe :: qualify : general
palmy : prosperity :: draconian : severity(=)
sere adj. 시든/말라빠진
: being dried and withered shabby adj. 초라한/누더기의
sere ↔ lush : showing signs of wear and tear; threadbare or worn-
sere ↔ damp out
shabby ↔ smart
serendipity n. 우연히 발견하는 능력
: the faculty or phenomenon of finding valuable or shackle n/v. 수갑/구속하다 : IMPEDE
agreeable things not sought for : to deprive of freedom especially of action by means of
serendipitous : effort :: ineluctable : chance restrictions or handicaps
emancipate ↔ shackle
serenity n. 평온 shackle ↔ loose
: the quality or state of being shining bright and steady
137
shadow v. 미행하다 : TRAIL shred n. 조각

: to follow especially secretly shred : remnant :: ??
follow : shadow :: leave : abscond
follow : shadow :: plot : scheme shrewd adj. 약삭빠른/영민한
hear : eavesdrop :: follow : shadow : marked by clever discerning awareness and
shadowy ↔ overt hardheaded acumen
trail ↔ lead shrewd : naïf :: ??(#)
shrewd ↔ foolish
shaft n. 갱도 : TUNNEL shrewd ↔ naïve
: a long, narrow, often vertical passage sunk into the shrewd ↔ myopic
earth, as for mining ore
shaft : lode :: well : aquifer shrink v. 움츠리다
: to recoil instinctively
shallow adj. 깊이가 없는 : SUPERFICIAL
: lacking in depth of knowledge, thought, or feeling shrug v 어깨를 으쓱하다
shallowness ↔ profundity : to raise or draw in the shoulders especially to express
aloofness, indifference, or uncertainty
sham n. 짜가/모조 embrace : affection :: shrug : indifference
: an imitation or counterfeit purporting to be genuine
debunk ↔ perpetuate to sham shun v. 회피하다
: to avoid deliberately and especially habitually
shard n. (도자기)파편/껍질 haunt ↔ shun
: fragments of pottery vessels found on sites and in frequent ↔ shun
refuse deposits where pottery-making peoples have
lived shunt v. 회피하다
shard : pottery :: fragment : bone : to turn or move aside or onto another course
shard：pottery :: morsel：food divert : shunt :: retard : brake
shard : ceramic :: crumb : cake
shuttle n. 정기 왕복편
shelter v/n. 피난처/숨다 : PROTECT
: to constitute or provide a shelter for sibilant adj. 쉬 소리 나는 : HISSING
conspicuous : sheltered :: ?? : having, containing, or producing the sound of or a
hedgerow : fence :: arbor : shelter sound resembling that of the s or the sh in sash
hiss : sibilant :: drone : monotonous
sheep n. 양
sheep : ewe :: swan : pen sidereal adj. 별의 : ASTRAL
: of, relating to, or concerned with the stars or
shiftless adj. 야심 없는 : LAZY constellations
: lacking in ambition or incentive arboreal : trees :: sidereal : stars
shiftless : ambition :: ingenuous : guile star : sidereal :: emotion : affective
fluvial : river :: sidereal : star
shirk v. [일,책임]회피하다
: to evade the performance of an obligation signal adj. 현저한/두드러진
duty : shirk :: question : parry : distinguished from the ordinary
parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk signal ↔ unremarkable
recluse : society :: shirked :duty
hoard : miser :: malinger : shirk simper v. 바보 같은 웃음 짖다
shirk ↔ pass through the center : to smile in a silly manner
simper : smile :: babble : talk
shoal adj/n. 얕은/다수
: having little depth simpleton n. 바보
: a large group : a person lacking in common sense
shoal ↔ deep prudence : daredevil :: sagacity : simpleton
shoal ↔ suspicion turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : precedent
simpleton ↔ sagacity
shopworn adj. 오래된 찌든/진부한
: stale from excessive use or familiarity simplicity n. 우직함 : CANDOR
shopworn ↔ new : freedom from pretense or guile
scurvy ↔ simplicity
138
simulate v. 흉내내다/가장하다 : IMITATE sketchy adj. 피상적인 : SLIGHT, SUPERFICIAL

: to give or assume the appearance or effect of often : wanting in completeness, clearness, or substance
with the intent to deceive fawn : imperiousness :: elaborate : sketchy
simulation ↔ authentic article
skimp v. 인색하게 굴다
sin n. 죄 : to give insufficient or barely sufficient attention or
peccadillo : sin :: admonishment : castigation effort to or funds for
parsimony : skimp :: malingering : shirk
sincere adj. 성실한 : PURE skimpy liberal
: free of dissimulation skimpy profuse
: free from adulteration
authenticity : fraudulent :: sincerity : hypocritical skirt v. 회피하다/가장자리를 지나다
poseur : sincerity :: recluse : gregariousness : to avoid especially because of difficulty or fear of
poseur ↔ sincere person controversy
: to pass around rather than across or through
sinecure n. 한직 skirt ↔ seek
: a position or office that requires little or no work but skirt ↔ face
provides a salary skirt ↔ pass the center directly
sinecure ↔ arduous employment skirt ↔ pass through the center of
sinew n. 체력 : POWER skit n. 소희극

tendinous : sinewy :: ?? : a short humorous or satirical piece of writing or
sinew ↔ weakness performance
skit : revue :: ??
singular adj. 남다른 : UNUSUAL vignette : scene :: skit : drama
: being out of the ordinary skit : play :: anecdote : narrative
worldly ↔ singular anecdote : story :: skit : play
sinister adj. 불길한/불운한 skittish adj. 쾌활한/변덕스러운

: singularly evil or productive of evil
sinister : welcome :: ?? slake v. 축이다/만족시키다 : SATISFY, QUENCH
: to cool or refresh by wetting or moistening
sinuous adj. 꾸불꾸불한 : WINDING gratify : desire :: slake : thirsty
: of a serpentine or wavy form
: marked by strong lithe movements slant v. ~한 경향이 있다/~로 기울다
: to give an oblique or sloping direction to
sip v. 한 모금씩 마시다 : to interpret or present in line with a special interest
: to drink in small quantities slant ↔ assert without bias
sip : drink :: mince : walk
swill : sip :: gobble : nibble slapdash adj. 겉날리는 : HAPHAZARD, SLIPSHOD
quaff : sip :: stride : mince : hasty and careless, as in execution
quaff : sip :: gobble : nibble
swill ↔ sip slate n. 후보자 명단
: a list of the candidates of a political party running for
siren n. 요부/사이렌 various offices
: a device often electrically operated for producing a roster : personnel :: slate : candidate
penetrating warning sound
: a woman regarded as seductive and beautiful slew n. 다량
siren : unresisting :: juggernaut : unstoppable : a large amount or number
siren : heard :: beacon : seen paucity ↔ slew
siren : sound :: beacon : light slew ↔ limited quantity
skeptic adj/n. 의심 많은/회의론자 slight adj/n. 사소한/약간의 경멸

: a person disposed to skepticism especially regarding celebration : lamentable :: slight : show respect
religion or religious principles grievous ↔ slight
penitent : obdurate :: skeptic : credulous(#) prodigious ↔ slight
votary ↔ skeptic slight ↔ ponderous
credulity skepticism cosset ↔ slight
139
slight ↔ show respect to smart : pain :: grieve : sorrow

tatty ↔ smart
slink v. 살금살금 [몰래]움직이다 smart ↔ soothe
: to go or move stealthily or furtively (as in fear or
shame) smattering n. 겉핥기
slink ↔ strut : superficial piecemeal knowledge
erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unlettered
slippery adj. 미끄러운 stare : leer :: peruse : smatter
dingy : glisten :: slippery : adhere
splint : mobility :: ballast : instability smirk v. (고자세로)선웃음 짓다 : SIMPER
/purchase : slippery : to smile in an affected or smug manner
slipshod adj. 칠칠치 못한/되는 대로의 : SLOPPY,
SLOVENLY smother v. 숨막히게 하다
: marked by carelessness : to be overcome or killed through or as if through lack
assiduous ↔ slipshod of air
slipshod ↔ fastidious smother : choke :: ??
slipshod ↔ painstaking smoke : pollutant :: backache : pain
slipshod ↔ neat
smug adj. 자기 만족의/잘난 체하는
slogan n. 슬로건 : highly self-satisfied
sloppy adj. 부주의한/되는 대로의 : SLIPSHOD primp : vain :: gloat : smug
: wet so as to spatter easily
: wet or smeared with or as if with something slopped smuggle v. 밀수하다
over : to convey or introduce surreptitiously
collude : cooperate :: smuggle : convey
sloth n. 태만 smuggle ↔ transport openly
slouch v. 앞으로 엎드리다 : STOOP snag n. 돌출된 것

: to cause to droop
slouch ↔ stand erect snarl v/n. 헝클어지다/으르렁[거리다] : TANGLE
: to cause to become knotted and intertwined
sloven n. 단정치 못한 사람 : make excessively complicated
: one who is habitually careless in personal appearance disentangle ↔ snarl
or work snarl ↔ coo
slovenly ↔ tidy snarl ↔ untangle
slumber n/v. 선잠/무활동 상태로 있다 sneer n. 냉소

: state of inactivity or dormancy : to smile or laugh with facial contortions that express
: to pass (time) in sleep scorn or contempt
slumber ↔ awake smirk : smugness :: sneer : derision
wince : pain :: smile : pleasure
slur v. 비방하다/분명하게 발음하지 않다 /pout : displeasure /sneer : contempt
: to cast aspersions on
: to pronounce indistinctly snob n. 속물
slur : speech :: smudge : writing : one who has an offensive air of superiority in matters
of knowledge or taste
sly adj. 교활한 : DISSEMBLING attentive : officious :: refined : snobbish(<)
sly ↔ artless
sly ↔ ingenuous snub v. 냉대/핀잔 주다
: to treat with contempt or neglect
smarmy adj. 아첨하는 dissemble : honesty :: snub : politeness
: revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, or false ingenuous : dissemble :: raffish : preen
earnestness /polite : snub
smarmy ↔ earnest snub : disdain :: double cross : disloyalty
court ↔ snub
smart adj/v. 말쑥한/푹푹 쑤시다
: to feel or have such a pain soak v. 흠뻑 적시다/쏘옥 담그다
140
: to lie immersed in liquid (as water) sonata n. 소나타

: become saturated by or as if by immersion dessert : meal :: epilogue : play
soaked/drenched : wet/damp :: exuberant : happy /coda : sonata
soaked/drenched : wet/damp:: frigid : cool
drenched : wet :: antithetic : indifferent(>) sonnet n. 소네트 14행시/연애시
sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer
sober adj. 차분한/냉정한/절제하는 sonnet : poem :: denim : fabric
: marked by sedate or gravely or earnestly thoughtful sonnet형식은 3개의 4행 연구와 매듭짓는 1개의 2행연구로
character or demeanor 나뉘어진다. Ex) abab/cdcd/efef/gg
frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober(<)
puckish ↔ sober soothe v. 진정시키다/[아픔,고통]을 덜다 : PLACATE,
sumptuous ↔ sober RELIEVE, ALLEVIATE
: to bring peace, composure, or quietude
sobriety n. 진지함/금주 vex ↔ pacify/appease/soothe
: the quality or state of being sober rankle ↔ soothe
sumptuousness ↔ sobriety
flippancy ↔ sobriety sop n. 흠뻑 젖다/회유책/뇌물
: a conciliatory or propitiatory bribe, gift, or gesture
sodden adj. 흠뻑 젖은 sop : dampen :: frigid : cool
: heavy with or as if with moisture or water sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive
marsh : sodden :: desert : arid
moist : sodden :: surprised : astonished(<) sophism n. 궤변
: an argument apparently correct in form but actually
soggy adj. 흠뻑 젖은 invalid ; such an argument used to deceive
: saturated or heavy with water or moisture sophism : reasoning :: counterfeit : money
sophism : reasoning :: quack : practitioner
solace n. 위로 alibi : exculpate :: sophism : deceive
solace : grief :: pacification : anger
sophistication n. 세상 물정에 익숙함 : CULTIVATION,
solder n. 유대 URBANITY
: a metal or metallic alloy used when melted to join : the process or result of becoming cultured,
metallic surfaces knowledgeable, or disillusioned
breach ↔ solder ingénue : sophistication :: cynic : trustfulness
callow ↔ behaving with adult sophistication
solemn adj. 진지한 politic ↔ unsophisticated
jest ↔ solemnity
sophomoric adj. 아는 체하는
solicitous adj. 염려하는 : APPREHENSIVE
: full of concern or fears soporific n/adj. 최면제/최면성의
solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch : a soporific agent
solicitous ↔ unconcerned : of, relating to, or marked by sleepiness or lethargy
solicitude ↔ indifference soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity
soporific : sleep :: inoculation : immunity
solvent adj./n. 지불 능력 있는/용매 soporific : sleeping :: vaccination: immune
: able to pay all legal debts soporific : alertness :: analgesic : pain
: a usually liquid substance capable of dissolving or soporific ↔ stimulant
dispersing one or more other substances soporific ↔ provocative
coagulant : thicken :: solvent : dissolve soporific invigorating
regimen : health :: budget : solvency sordid adj. 더러운/야비한 : VILE
solvent : dissolve :: coagulant : clot : depressingly squalid ; wretched
solvent ↔ precipitant : morally degraded
: exceedingly mercenary
somber adj. 우울한/진지한 : MELANCHOLY, GRAVE sordid honor
cherubic ↔ somber sordid noble
sordid wholesome
somnolence n. 졸림 : SLEEPINESS
: the quality or state of being drowsy sound adj. 안정된/정당한
ramshackle : soundness :: garbled : clarity
141
tenable ↔ unjustified/unsound
spire n. 첨탑
sparse adj. 희박한 spire : church :: minaret : mosque
: of few and scattered elements; especially :not thickly
grown or settled spleen n. 울분/비장함
copious ↔ sparse : feelings of anger or ill will often suppressed
sparse ↔ rife spleen ↔ goodwill
Spartan adj. 엄격하고 간소한 splint n. 부목

: marked by strict self-discipline or self-denial : to support and immobilize (as a broken bone) with a
Spartan ↔ sybaritic/indulgent/luxurious splint
Spartan ↔ sumptuous splint : mobility :: ballast : instability
Spartan ↔ voluptuous /purchase : slippery
splint : immobilize :: duct : convey
spate n. 대량 buttress : edifice :: splint : limb
: a large number or amount
spate ↔ dearth spoil v. 응석 받아주다 : CODDLE
: to pamper excessively
specialist n. 전문가 cosseted ↔ unspoiled
dabbler ↔ specialist
spoke n. 바퀴살
specificity n. 특이성 spoke : hub :: radius : center
specious adj. 겉만 번지르르한/그럴듯한 : SOPHISTIC, spontaneous adj. 임의의/자발적인 : NATURAL

PLAUSIBLE : not apparently contrived or manipulated
: having deceptive attraction or allure juggernaut : unstoppable :: extemporization :
exemplary : imitation :: specious : doubt spontaneous
specious ↔ valid gauche : finesse :: spontaneous：planning
veritable ↔ specious spontaneous ↔ premeditate
speck n. 미세한 것/작은 얼룩 : BIT spoof n. 희문

: a very small amount spoof : parody :: ??
mite : creature :: speck : amount
sporadic adj. 간헐적인
spectator n. 구경꾼 : occurring occasionally, singly, or in scattered instances
: one who looks on or watches chronic ↔ sporadic
epicure : discriminating :: spectator : watching sporadic ↔ regular
sporadic ↔ steady
speculate v. 추측하다 : REFLECT
: to meditate on or ponder a subject sprain n. 염좌
conjecture ↔ restrain from the speculation sprain : injury :: cold : contagion
spendthrift n. 방탕아 sprightly adj. 쾌활한 : SPIRITED

: a person who spends improvidently or wastefully : marked by a gay lightness and vivacity
craven : hero :: parsimonious : spendthrift dodder : unsteady :: cavort : sprightly
miser : parsimonious :: spendthrift : prodigal
spendthrift ↔ miser spry adj. 활기찬
: lively, active, and brisk
spent adj. 다 써버린 : EXHAUSTED spry ↔ devastated
: drained of energy or effectiveness
precarious : stability :: spent : efficacy spur v. 자극하다 : STIMULATE
: to incite to action or accelerated growth or
spindly adj. 허약한 development
: of a disproportionately tall or long and thin appearance deter ↔ spur
that often suggests physical weakness
limber : flexibility :: spindly : frailty spurious adj. 가짜의 : FALSE
: outwardly similar or corresponding to something
spiny adj. 곤란한/가시밭길의 : THORNY without having its genuine qualities
: abounding with difficulties, obstacles, or annoyances spurious : authenticity :: ??
142
spurious ↔ genuine stalemate n. 교착 상태 : DEADLOCK

spuriousness ↔ authenticity : a drawn contest
clog : drainage :: stalemate : negotiations
spurn v. “흥” 코방귀 뀌다/냉대하다 : SCORN
: to reject with disdain or contempt stalwart adj. 튼튼한
spurn ↔ welcome willingly : marked by outstanding strength and vigor of body,
spurn ↔ court, crave, embrace mind, or spirit
spurned ↔ beloved lank ↔ stalwart
squabble n. 말다툼 stammer v. 더듬으며 말하다 : HALT

: a noisy altercation or quarrel usually over trifles : to make involuntary stops and repetitions in speaking
squabble : dispute :: foible : failing(<) falter : act :: stammer : speak
tiff : squabble :: foible : failing
stanza n. 절/연 : STROPHE
squalid adj. 더러운/야비한 : one of the divisions of a poem, composed of two or
: marked by filthiness and degradation from neglect or more lines usually characterized by a common pattern of
poverty meter, rhyme, and number of lines
squalid ↔ pristine ballad : stanza :: novel : chapter
squalid ↔ immaculate stanza : line :: volume : issue
stanza : poem :: movement : orchestra
squall n. 순간적인 소란 prose : paragraph :: poetry : stanza
: a short-lived commotion quatrain : stanza :: eulogy : speech
squall : commotion :: flash : illumination
stark adj. 굳어진 : ABSOLUTE
squalor n. 더러움/비열함
: A filthy and wretched condition or quality startle v/n. 깜짝 놀라다/깜짝 놀람
squalor ↔ immaculateness : to frighten or surprise suddenly and usually not
splendor ↔ squalor seriously
squalor sincerity : a sudden mild shock (as of surprise or alarm)
squalor ceremony solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch
squalor splendor startle ↔ lull
squander n/v. 낭비[하다] : DISSIPATE stasis n. 균형[정지]상태

: to spend wastefully or extravagantly : a condition of balance among various forces;
squander : expand :: coercion : intimidate motionlessness
husband ↔ squander stasis ↔ changing period
conserve ↔ waste/squander/exhaust
static adj. 정적인
squelch v. 짓누르다/진압하다 : QUELL, SQUASH static : movable :: pliable : inflexible
: to completely suppress motility ↔ stasis
squelch/squash ↔ foment
stature n. 신장
squint/squiz n. 곁눈질 stature : tall :: sound : loud
: to look or peer with eyes partly closed
squiz/squint : eye :: pucker : mouth {smell : steadfast adj. 확고부동의 : IMMOVABLE
nose}{bend : elbow} : firmly fixed in place
: not subject to change
stagnant adj. 정체된 capricious ↔ steadfast
: not advancing or developing
stagnant ↔ flowing stealth n. 은밀한 방법
caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive
staid adj. 침착한 : SOBER, GRAVE /discontent : unsatisfied
: marked by settled sedateness and often prim self-
restraint steep v/adj. (우려내듯)적시다/가파른
staid ↔ jaunty : to cover with or plunge into a liquid (as in bathing,
rinsing, or soaking)
stain n. 염료/얼룩 : mounting or falling precipitously
dye : stain :: ?? collapse : implode :: steep : immerse
precipice : steepness :: defile : narrowness
143
steep ↔ parch : to be sparing or frugal

dip : 액체에 넣었다가 곧바로 꺼내다. lavish ↔ stint
immerse : 전체를 액체 속에 넣다.
plunge : 힘을 주어, 또는 난폭하게 액체에 넣다, 쑤셔넣다. stingy adj. 인색한
submerge :「액체면 하에」의 뜻이 강함. : not generous or liberal
soak, drench, steep : 액체의 침투가 철저한 때 씀. soak, miser : stingy :: sage : judicious
steep은 담가서 내용물을 우려내는 뜻이 있음. miser : stingy :: loner : solitary
insensible : boor :: stingy : miser
stench n. 악취 : STINK generosity ↔ stinginess
: to emit a strong offensive odor
stench : nose :: din : ear stipple v. 점각하다
: to engrave by means of dots and flicks
stentorian adj. 큰 소리의 stipple : dot :: striate : band
: extremely loud
audible : stentorian :: discernable : obvious stipulation n. 약정/조항
stentorian ↔ faint : something stipulated; especially : a condition,
requirement, or item specified in a legal instrument
sterile adj. 불모의/살균한 stipulation ↔ tacit requirement
: free from living organisms and especially
microorganisms stock n/adj. 재고/평범한
sterile : bacteria :: impeccable :flaws : repeated regularly without any thought or originality
verdant ↔ sterile census : population :: inventory : stock
stock ↔ unique
stickler n. 깐깐한 놈
: one who insists on exactness or completeness in the stockade n. 방책
observance of something stockade : enclosure :: pillar : support
stickler : approximation/imprecision :: purist :
adulteration stodgy adj. 왕 보수적인/재미없는 : HIDEBOUND,
stickler : exacting :: martinet : disciplinary BORING, DULL
stickler : exact :: pedagogue : indoctrinate : extremely old-fashioned ; having an ultraconservative
stickler : imprecision :: prude : impropriety character
mawkish : sentimental :: stodgy：conservative(>)
stir n/v. 분주함/휘 젖다/부추기다/북돋우다 stodgy ↔ exciting
: a slight movement
: to rouse to activity : evoke strong feelings in stoic adj/n. 금욕주의의/금욕주의자
exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir : one apparently or professedly indifferent to pleasure or
dissipate : stir :: ?? (#) pain
impeccable : flaw :: indolent : stir stoic : perturb :: avaricious : satisfy
lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge(#) stoic : perturbed :: buoyant : submerged
solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch
stiff adj. 단호한 : RIGID
: not easily bent stoke v. 불을 지피다
: lacking in suppleness or responsiveness : to feed fuel to and tend the fire of (a furnace)
numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness stoke : fuel :: irrigate :water
stipulation n. 조항/계약 stolid adj. 멍청한 : UNEMOTIONAL

stipulation ↔ tacit requirement : having or expressing little or no sensibility
stifle v. 억압하다/억누르다 : DETER, DISCOURAGE stouthearted adj. 대담한 : COURAGEOUS,

foment ↔ stifle STUBBORN
foster ↔ stifle : having a stout heart or spirit
pusillanimous ↔ stouthearted
stigma n. 치욕 : STAIN
: a mark of shame or discredit straggle v. 낙오하다 : ROVE, STRAY
stigma ↔ mark of esteem : to wander from the direct course or way
stilted adj. 과장한 : POMPOUS, LOFTY strait n. 해협

isthmus : land :: strait : water
stint v. 절약하다
144
stratify v. 계층화하다 studio n. 작업장

: to divide into a series of graded statuses studio : artist :: laboratory : scientist
stratify ↔ homogenize
stultify v. 바보로 만들다/무효화하다
stray adj. 일행을 놓친 : to have a dulling or inhibiting effect on
: having strayed or escaped from a proper or intended stultifying ↔ exciting/stirring
place stultify ↔ animate
digressive : topic/subject :: stray : group
stray : group :: digress : subject stumble v. 실수를 하다
: to make an error
strength n. 세기 stumble ↔ win out
slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength
stun v. 아연실색케 하다 : DAZE
stress n. 강조 : to make senseless, groggy, or dizzy by or as if by a
stress ↔ de-emphasis blow
striate v. 홈을 새겨 넣다 stunt v. 발육 저지(하다)

: to mark with striations or striate : to hinder the normal growth, development, or progress
grooved : striating :: braided : stranded of
stipple : dot :: striate : band obstruct : progress :: stunt : growth
striated : groove :: dappled : spot
stupefy v. 멍하게 하다/대경실색케 하다 : DAZE
stricture n. 혹평 : to make stupid , groggy, or insensible
: an adverse criticism
sturdy adj. 힘센
stride v. 성큼성큼 걷다 : marked by or reflecting physical strength or vigor
: to take a very long step
quaff : sip :: stride : mince stylus n. 첨필
: a sharp, pointed instrument used for writing, marking,
strident adj. 귀에 거슬리는 or engraving
: characterized by harsh, insistent, and discordant stylus : mark :: lamp : illumination
sound stylus : engraving :: shield : protecting
stridency : sound :: acridity : odor
stridency : sound :: garishness : appearance stymie v. 방해하다
: to present an obstacle to
strike v. 매달을 주조하다 : stand in the way of
: to form by stamping, printing, or punching stymie ↔ abet
strike : medal :: mint : coin stymie ↔ promote
stringent adj. 엄격한 : TIGHT, CONSTRICTED subdue v. 정복하다/억누르다

: marked by rigor, strictness, or severity especially with : to conquer and bring into subjection
regard to rule or standard impervious : damaged :: indomitable : subdued(#)
stringent ↔ lax subdue ↔ inflame
subdued ↔ unruly
strip v. 벗기다 flamboyant ↔ subdued
bedeck ↔ strip burgeon ↔ subdue
strut v/n. 뽐내며 걷다/버팀목 subject n. 피지배자

: a structural piece designed to resist pressure in the : one that is placed under authority or control
direction of its length potentate ↔ subject
: to walk with pompous bearing
pontificate : speak :: strut : walk subjugate v. 복종시키다 : CONQUER
strut : wing :: buttress : wall : to bring under control and governance as a subject
strut : wing :: guy : pylon subjugation ↔ liberation
stubborn adj. 완고한 : MULISH sublime adj. 장엄한/경외할 만한

: unreasonably or perversely unyielding : lofty, grand, or exalted in thought, expression, or
: justifiably unyielding manner
sublime ↔ ridiculous
145
sublime ↔ base blatant ↔ subtle

sublime ↔ common
sublime ↔ worthless subvert v. 몰락/부패시키다
: to overturn or overthrow from the foundation
submerge v. 물에 담그다 : to pervert or corrupt by an undermining of morals,
: to put under water allegiance, or faith
bend : rigid :: submerge : buoyant
/dissolve : insoluble succinct adj. 간결한
: marked by compact precise expression without wasted
submissive adj. 순종하는 words
: submitting to others loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly(#)
babble ↔ express succinctly
subordinate adj. 부차적인/복종하는 : INFERIOR prolixity ↔ succinctness
: placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or position verbosity ↔ succinctness
principal ↔ subordinate voluble ↔ taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent
tractable ↔
insubordinate/intransigent/incorrigible/obstinate succor v. (고난,슬픔)에서 도와주다 : RELIEVE
: to give assistance to in time of want, difficulty, or
subpoena n. 소환장 distress
: a writ commanding a person designated in it to appear succor : relief :: caution : warning
in court under a penalty for failure succor ↔ aggravate
lien : claim :: subpoena : command succor ↔ withdraw assistance
subside v. 가라앉다 suffuse v. 가득하게 하다

: to tend downward : to spread over or through in the manner of fluid or
subside ↔ promote light
tint : suffuse :: damp : quench(<)
subsidiary n. 부차적인/보조의 : AUXILIARY
: secondary in importance; subordinate suggestible adj. 영향받기 쉬운
preponderant ↔ subsidiary : readily influenced by suggestion
subsidy n. 보조금 suite n. 수행원/특별실

: a grant by a government to a private person or : a group of rooms occupied as a unit
company to assist retinue : attendant :: suite : room
sop : conciliatory :: subsidy : supportive
sulky adj. 뚱한/음침한
substantial adj. 실체의/중요한/상당한 : sullenly aloof or withdrawn
: consisting of or relating to substance sulky ↔ rejoicing
: not imaginary or illusory
diaphanous ↔ substantial sullen adj. 뚱한/음침한
substantive ↔ trivial : gloomily or resentfully silent or repressed
vaporous ↔ substantial : moving sluggishly
sullen : levity :: ??
substantiate v. 확증하다 : VERIFY
: to establish by proof or competent evidence summary n. 요약
substantiate ↔ disapprove compendium : summary :: anthology : collection
unsubstantiated ↔ verified summary ↔ protracted
controvert ↔ substantiate
summary adj. 즉결의
subterfuge n. 핑계/구실 : done without delay or formality ; quickly executed
: deception by artifice or stratagem in order to conceal, summarily ↔ after long deliberation
escape, or evade
subterfuge : deceive :: decantation : pour summit n. 정상/정점 : PEAK
: the highest point
subtle adj. 포착하기 어려운/미묘한 : OBSCURE crest : wave :: summit/peak : mountain
: difficult to understand or perceive roof : room :: summit : mountain
subtle : ignore :: salient : observe nadir ↔ summit
subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead
palpable ↔ subtle summon v. 소환하다
146
: to command by service of a summons to appear in : an overabundant supply

court surfeit ↔ deficiency
command : request :: summon : invite(>) deprivation ↔ surfeit
summons : citation :: ??
summon ↔ dismiss surgeon n. 외과 의사
scalpel : surgeon :: telescope : astronomer
sumptuous adj. 호화로운
: extremely costly, rich, luxurious, or magnificent surrender v. 양도하다
sumptuous ↔ ascetic : to yield to the power, control, or possession of another
sumptuousness ↔ sobriety upon compulsion or demand
inalienable : surrendered :: implacable : propitiated
sunder v. 절단하다 appropriate ↔ surrender
: to become parted, disunited, or severed
collapse : implode :: divide : sunder(<) surreptitious adj. 은밀한 : CLANDESTINE
sunder ↔ connect : done, made, or acquired by stealth
sunder ↔ link surreptitious ↔ barefaced/aboveboard
sunder ↔ combine/yoke/bond
sunder ↔ combination surrogate n/v. 대리인/대리를 시키다
sunder ↔ conjoin : to appoint as successor, deputy, or substitute for
oneself
supercilious adj. 거만한
: coolly and patronizingly haughty suspend v. 매달다/중지하다
supercilious ↔ obsequious : to cause to stop temporarily
supercilious ↔ humble suspend ↔ erect
superciliousness ↔ humility invoke ↔ suspend
supercilious ↔ groveling
suspicion n. 의심/낌새 채기 : DOUBT
superficial adj. 표면상의 : the act or an instance of suspecting something wrong
: of or relating to a surface without proof or on slight evidence
superficial ↔ central : a minute amount or slight indication
enthusiasm : mania :: suspicion : paranoia
superfluous adj. 여분의/불필요한 : EXTRA innuendo : suspicion :: ??(=)
: exceeding what is sufficient or necessary ; not needed
pertinent : relevance :: redundant : superfluity suture n. 봉합술
integral ↔ superfluous : the act or process of sewing with sutures
superfluous ↔ elemental suture ↔ incision
superfluity ↔ scarcity avulsion ↔ suture
supple adj. 유연한 svelte adj. 날씬한 : SLENDER, LITHE

: easy and fluent without stiffness or awkwardness : slender or graceful in figure or outline
numb : sensation :: stiff : suppleness svelte ↔ plump
firm : obstinate :: supple : spineless svelte ↔ paunchy and awkward
supplement n. 보충/추가 swagger v. 뽐내며 걷다/허세 부리다

: something that completes or makes an addition : to conduct oneself in an arrogant or superciliously
pompous manner; especially : to walk with an air of
supplicate v. 무릎 꿇고 간청하다 overbearing self-confidence
: to ask for earnestly and humbly blustering : speak :: swaggering : walk
protest : dissuade :: supplicate : entreat(>) fawn : hauteur :: self depreciate : swagger
supplicant : beseeching :: coquette :: flirtatious imperious : fawn :: swagger : self depreciate
supplicate ↔ demand pontificate : speak :: swagger : walk
imperiousness : fawn :: self depreciatory : swagger
suppress v. 억압하다 : SUBDUE
: to put down by authority or force swamp n. 늪/곤경
suppress : stimulate :: calm : provoke : a difficult or troublesome situation or subject
suppress ↔ stimulate
suppress ↔ catalyze sweltering adj. 무더운/찌는 듯한
: oppressively hot
surfeit n. 과다한 공급 : EXCESS sweltering ↔ frigid
147
sonnet : poet :: symphony : composer

swerve v. 갑자기 이탈하다 : DEVIATE stanza : poem :: movement : symphony
: to turn aside abruptly from a straight line or course
swerve ↔ maintain direction synergic adj. 협력의 : COOPERATING
: working together
swill v. 마구 마시다 : GUZZLE synergic ↔ antagonistic
: to drink or eat freely, greedily, or to excess
swill : sip :: gobble : nibble synopsis n. 개요 : ABSTRACT
swill ↔ sip : a condensed statement or outline (as of a narrative or
treatise)
swindle v. 사기 쳐 먹다 synopsis : conciseness :: distillate : purity
: to obtain money or property by fraud or deceit synopsis : condensed :: appendix : supplementary
implacable : compromise :: honest : swindle synopsis ↔ protraction
swindler : cheat :: proselytizer : convert
synthesis n. 합성
swing n. 그네 : the composition or combination of parts or elements so
: something that swings freely from or on a support as to form a whole
oscillation : swing :: momentum : scooter synthesis ↔ analysis
synthesize break into parts
sybarite n. 사치와 향락을 일삼는 놈 : VOLUPTUARY,
SENSUALIST
Spartan ↔ sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious
sybarite ↔ ascetic
sycophant n. 아첨꾼
: a servile self-seeking flatterer
/sycophant : fawn /pundit : opine
narcissist : self absorbed :: sycophant : obsequious
sycophant : flattery :: extortionist : intimidation
sycophant : fawn :: malcontent : complain
sycophant : curry :: surveyor : oversee
sycophantic : obsequious :: rebellious : resurgent
frugal : penurious :: deferent : sycophantic(<)
querulous : complaint :: sycophantic : flattery
sycophant : flatter :: recidivist : relapse
sycophant : fawn :: reprobate : misbehave
syllogism n. 연역적 추론
: deductive reasoning
remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove
symbiosis n. 공생
: the living together in more or less intimate association
or close union of two dissimilar organisms
parity : equivalent :: symbiosis : interdependent
symbiosis ↔ agonizing association
symbiosis ↔ unrelated growth
sympathetic adj. 동정적인

: given to, marked by, or arising from sympathy,
compassion, friendliness, and sensitivity to others'
emotions
callous ↔ sympathetic
symphony n. 교향악단/교향곡
instrumentalist : symphony :: dancer : ballet
148
T tamper v. 어설프게 만져 대다
: to tinker with rashly or foolishly
tamper : adjust :: misrepresent : communicate
taciturn adj. 말없는/과묵한
: temperamentally disinclined to talk tangent adj. 주제,코스에서 벗어난 : IRRELEVANT
tacit : infer :: encoded : decode : diverging from an original purpose or course
taciturn : solemnity :: token : exchange tangent ↔ essential
loquacious ↔ taciturn
taciturn ↔ prolix tangible adj. 만져서 알 수 있는/명백한 :PALPABLE
volubility ↔ taciturnity : capable of being perceived especially by the sense of
voluble ↔ taciturn/laconic/succinct/reticent touch
windbag ↔ taciturnity initial : realized :: tangible : indefinite (#)
expansive ↔ taciturn/withdrawn/limited {moribund : dead}는 답아님!
tacit ↔ explicit Incipient : realized :: tangible : indefinite
tacit ↔ directly expressed tangible ↔ unable to perceive
glib ↔ taciturn tangible ↔ indefinite
tackle n. 도르래 장치 tangy adj. 냄새가 톡 쏘는

: an assemblage of ropes and pulleys arranged to gain : having or suggestive of a tang
mechanical advantage for hoisting and pulling tangy ↔ bland
bolster : support :: tackle : hoist
tantalize v. 애타게 하여 괴롭히다/감질나게 하다
tacky adj. 끈적끈적한 : to tease or torment by or as if by presenting
: slightly adhesive or gummy to the touch something desirable to the view but continually keeping
tackiness : adhesive :: sharpness : scalpel it out of reach
tease : tantalize :: ??
tactile adj. 촉각의/만져서 알 수 있는 : TANGIBLE tantalize ↔ comfort/console/solace/alleviate
: perceptible by touch /assuage/ease/relieve
tactile : touch :: affective : emotion satiate ↔ tantalize
tactile : touch :: sentient : emotion
tantamount adj. 동등한
tactless adj. 요령 없는/외교적 수완이 없는 : equivalent in value, significance, or effect
: marked by lack of tact tantamount ↔ incommensurate
chicanery : clever :: tactlessness : truthful
gaffe : tactless :: ?? tantrum n. 울화통
obstinate : preserve :: tactless/insensitive :offend : a fit of bad temper
savvy ↔ tactless tantrum ↔ pacification
tag n. 꼬리표 taper v. 끝이 점점 가늘어지다

: strip of leather, paper, metal, or plastic attached to : progressively narrowed toward one end
something or hung from a wearer's neck to identify, abate : intensity :: taper : width
classify, or label
tag : identify :: canopy : cover tapestry n. 줄무늬 양탄자
: something felt to resemble a richly and complexly
taint n/v. 얼룩/더럽히다/타락시키다 : CORRUPT designed cloth
: to contaminate morally chiaroscuro : contrast :: tapestry : intricacy
taint : integrity :: ?? chiaroscuro : contrast :: filigree : delicacy
tainted ↔ unspoiled/wholesome
pristine ↔ taint tardy adj. 더딘 : LATE, SLUGGISH
taint ↔ integrity : moving slowly
taint ↔ purity : delayed beyond the expected or proper time
tainted ↔ unadulterated guile : naïf(naïve) :: tardy : prompt(#)
tainted ↔ unblemished
tarnish v. 흐리게 하다/변색시키다
tame adj. 유순한/지루한 : INSIPID : to dull the luster of; discolor, especially by exposure to
: lacking spirit, zest, interest, or the capacity to excite air or dirt
tame : tractable :: ?? silver : tarnish :: iron : rust
tame ↔ racy tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth
149
teeter v. 망설이다/동요하다/시소 타다 : WOBBLE

tarpaulin n. 방수 외투 : to move unsteadily
: a piece of material (as durable plastic) used for teeter ↔ stabilize
protecting exposed objects or areas
tarpaulin : protection :: caveat : precaution telling adj. 효과적인 : EFFECTIVE, EXPRESSIVE
tarpaulin : covering :: raincoat : garment : carrying great weight and producing a marked effect
lint : covering :: tarpaulin : garment telling ↔ not effective
tasty adj. 재미있는 temerity n. 무모/만용 : RASHNESS, RECKLESSNESS

: strikingly attractive or interesting : unreasonable or foolhardy contempt of danger or
tasty ↔ uninteresting opposition
temerity ↔ circumspection
tatty adj. 촌스러운/넝마의 : SHABBY temerity ↔ pusillanimity
: rather worn, frayed, or dilapidated temerity ↔ cautious approach
tatty ↔ smart
temperate adj. 절제하는/삼가는
taunt v/n. 비웃어 ~하게 하다/비꼼 : marked by moderation
: to reproach or challenge in a mocking or insulting temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist
manner harangue ↔ speak temperately
flout : disregard :: taunt : challenge temperate ↔ dissolute
taunt : provoke :: plot : outwit temperate ↔ immodest
taut adj. 긴장된 temporize v. 타협[절충]하다/뜨뜻미지근한 태도를

: having no give or slack ; tightly drawn 취하다
slacken : tautness :: dilute : strength : to engage in discussions or negotiations, especially so
taut : commodiousness :: extraordinary : purlieu(#) as to achieve a compromise or gain time
slacken ↔ tauten : to act evasively in order to gain time, avoid argument,
taut ↔ slack or postpone a decision
tauten ↔ loosen temporizing ↔ unwilling to compromise
lax ↔ taut
taut ↔ loose tenable adj. 방어[지지]할 수 있는 : DEFENSIBLE,
REASONABLE
tawdry adj. 화려하고 싸구려 같은 : capable of being held, maintained, or defended
: cheap and gaudy in appearance or quality ineluctable/inevitable : avoid:: untenable : defend
tawdry：garment :: grandiloquence：language tenable ↔ unjustified/unsound
tawdry ↔ exquisite tenable ↔ unjustifiable
tenable ↔ specious/indefensible/fallacious
taxing adj. 부담스러운 : ONEROUS, WEARING tenable ↔ fallible
taxing ↔ light tenable ↔ unsupportable
taxing ↔ easy
tenacious adj. 몹시 집착하는/고집 센
tear v/n. 찢다/(찢어져 생긴)흠 : persistent in maintaining or adhering to something
: a hole or flaw made by tearing valued or habitual
: to divide or disrupt by the pull of contrary forces beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield
tear ↔ insert temperate : restrain :: tenacious : persist
{stabilize}는 답아님! tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry
tear ↔ tether tenacious ↔ negotiable
tease v. 괴롭히다 tendentious adj. 명확한 목적[의도]을 지닌 : BIASED

: to tantalize especially by arousing desire or curiosity : marked by a tendency in favor of a particular point of
without intending to satisfy it view
tease : tantalize :: ?? tendentious : objective :: ??
tendentious ↔ unbiased
tedious adj. 지루한/진부한 : BORING tendentious ↔ unprejudiced
: tiresome because of length or dullness
tedious : energy :: disturbing : composure tendinous adj. 힘줄의 : SINEWY
tedious ↔ entertaining tendinous : sinewy :: ??
tedious ↔ absorbing
tentative adj. 임시적인/[자신없어]머뭇거리는 :
150
HESITANT, UNCERTAIN
: not fully worked out or developed theatrical adj/n. 부자연스러운/아마추어 배우
pontificate ↔ speak tentatively : marked by pretense or artificiality of emotion
: stage performances or a stage performance, especially
tepid adj. 열의 없는/뜨뜻미지근한 : LUKEWARM by amateurs
: lacking in passion, force, or zest theatrical ↔ natural
tepid ↔ fever theatricals ↔ professional
tepid ↔ ardent theatrical ↔ cherubic/sober
theatrical ↔ restrained
terminology n. 전문용어
: the technical or special terms used in a business, art, theology n. 신학
science, or special subject conservatory : music :: seminary : theology
terminology : language :: uniform : clothing conservatory : music :: observatory : astronomy
terminus n. 종점 : TERMINAL therapeutic adj. 치료의

: either end of a transportation line or travel route : of or relating to the treatment of disease or disorders
inception : termination :: matriculation : graduation(#) by remedial agents or methods
terminus : stop :: epilogue : story therapeutic : hospital :: illuminating : school
terror n. 소름 끼치는 공포 thorny adj. 가시밭길의

: a state of intense fear : full of difficulties or controversial points
apprehension : terror :: affection : adoration(<) thorny ↔ smooth
terror : fear :: craving : desire(>)
threadbare adj. 진부한
terse adj. 간결한 : exhausted of interest or freshness
: brief and to the point; effectively concise threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine :
terseness : voluble :: transitory : permanence directness
abandon : inhibition :: volubility: terseness(#)
thrive v. 번영하다 : FLOURISH
testator n. 유언자 : to grow vigorously
: a person who dies leaving a will or testament in force languish ↔ thrive
heirloom : ancestor :: bequest : testator wizened ↔ thriving
thrive ↔ fail
testimonial n. 감사장 languor ↔ thrive
: something given in appreciation of a person's service
or achievement throng v. 떼지어 모여들다
testimonial : appreciation :: confession : culpability : to crowd together in great numbers
protract : length :: throng : number
testimony n. 증언
: a solemn declaration usually made orally by a witness thwart v. 훼방 놓다
under oath in response to interrogation by a lawyer or : to oppose successfully ; defeat the hopes or
authorized public official aspirations of
calumny : assertion :: perjury : testimony(#) oppose : thwart :: treat : cure(=)
abet ↔ thwart/impede
testy adj. 성 잘 내는/성깔 있는 : IRRITABLE thwart ↔ support/aid
: easily annoyed thwart ↔ enable
: marked by impatience or ill humor thwart ↔ foster
testy : annoy :: tractable : control thwart ↔ abet
testy：annoy :: tractable : teach thwart ↔ aid effectively
testy ↔ good-humored
testy ↔ humorous ticklish adj. 신경질적인
testiness ↔ imperturbability : requiring delicate handling
testy ↔ unable to irritate pliant : influence :: ticklish : offend
ticklish ↔ imperturbable
tether v. (밧줄로)매어두다
: to fasten or restrain by or as if by a tether tidy adj. 말쑥한
tether ↔ detach : neat and orderly in appearance or habits
tether ↔ loose sloven ↔ tidy
tear ↔ tether
151
tiff n. 가벼운 입씨름 : SPAT

: a petty quarrel tong n/v. 집게/집게를 쓰다
tiff : squabble :: foible : failing : to seize, hold, or manipulate with tongs.
tong : seize :: ??
tightfisted adj. 인색한 tongs : grasping :: reel : winding
: reluctant to part with money
tightfisted : parsimonious :: brattish : mischievous(=) tonic n. 강장제 : REFRESHING
: one that invigorates, restores, refreshes, or stimulates
timeworn adj. 진부한 : HACKNEYED, STALE conducive : foment :: tonic : invigorate
threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: labyrinthine : tonic : invigorate :: analgesic : deaden
directness tonic ↔ enfeebling
threadbare/timeworn : novelty :: convoluted : simplicity tonic ↔ draining
timeworn ↔ novel
tonsorial adj. 이발사
timid adj. 소심한/내성적인 tonsorial : hair :: sartorial : apparel
: lacking in courage or self-confidence
self-confident : timid :: open : shy(#) topsy-turvy adj. 뒤죽박죽의/혼란한
: totally disordered
timorous adj. 겁 많은/소심한 : FEARFUL topsy-turvy ↔ tranquil
: of a timid disposition
scrappy ↔ timorous torpid adj. 둔한/활발치 못한
timorous ↔ intrepid : having lost motion or the power of exertion or feeling
timorous ↔ stalwart : sluggish in functioning or acting
torpid ↔ responsive
tinge v. 엷은 색조를 띠다 : TINT torpid ↔ arduous
tinged ↔ colorless ebullient ↔ torpid
tinker v. 어설프게 건들이다 : FIDDLE torpor n. 무기력/무감각

: to repair, adjust, or work with something in an : a state of mental and motor inactivity with partial or
unskilled or experimental manner total insensibility : extreme sluggishness or stagnation
tinker : adjust :: scribble : write of function
torpor : iciness :: ??
tint n. 엷은 빛깔 torpor ↔ zeal
tint : suffuse :: damp : quench(<) torpor ↔ animation
torpor ↔ alert
tirade n. 격론
: a protracted speech usually marked by intemperate, torrential adj. 억수 같은/격렬한
vituperative, or harshly censorious language : flowing or surging abundantly ; wild
anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole torrential ↔ trickling
toady n. 애교부리는 아첨꾼 : SYCOPHANT torrid adj. 열렬한 : ARDENT

: one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors : giving off intense heat
recluse : solitude :: toady : favor torrid ↔ arctic
toady : flatter :: ??
tortuous adj. 솔직하지 못한/에두르는 : TRICKY,
token adj/n. 표시의/화폐 CIRCUITOUS
: done as an indication or a pledge : marked by devious or indirect tactics
: a piece of stamped metal used as a substitute for tortuous ↔ direct
currency tortuous ↔ straightforward
token : exchange :: clamp : compression
taciturn : solemnity :: token : exchange tout v. 몹시 선전[칭찬]하다
: to praise or publicize loudly or extravagantly
tolerance n. 관용/내성 tout ↔ deprecate
: the act of allowing something tout ↔ denounce
: capacity to endure pain or hardship tout ↔ cast aspersions on
bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy
inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency tourniquet n. 지혈 도구
posturer : unaffected :: bigot : tolerant : a device (as a bandage twisted tight with a stick) to
bigot : tolerant :: provincial : cosmopolitan check bleeding or blood flow
152
tourniquet : bleeding :: brake : motion : tending to pass away

: not persistent
toxin n. 독소 transitory : endure :: immutable : change
toxin ↔ innocuous substance transitory ↔ enduring
transient ↔ protracted
tractable adj. 다루기 쉬운/세공하기 좋은 : DOCILE transitoriness ↔ durability
: capable of being easily led, taught, or controlled transitoriness ↔ permanence
: easily handled, managed, or wrought perpetual ↔ transitory
complaisance : intractable :: adeptness : maladroit(#)
subtle : overlook :: tractable : lead translucent adj. 반투명의 : CLEAR, TRANSPARENT
testy : annoy :: tractable : control : permitting the passage of light
tame : tractable :: ?? slack : tension :: opaque : translucence
balky ↔ tractable translucent ↔ opaque
pertinacious ↔ tractable translucent ↔ impervious of light
tractability ↔ incorrigibility
tractable ↔ incorrigible transparent adj. 투명한/알기 쉬운
tractable ↔ insubordinate : fine or sheer enough to be seen through
tractable ↔ intransigent/obstinate : readily understood
pliant ↔ intransigence/intractable conspicuous : see :: transparent : understand
manifest/lucid : perceive :: transparent : understand
train v. 향하게 하다 : DIRECT opacity ↔ transparency
: to aim at an object or objective transparent ↔ deceitful
trained ↔ ? transparent ↔ delusive
trait n. 특성 : PECULIARITY traverse v. 가로지르다

: a distinguishing quality (as of personal character) : to go or travel across or over
diverge : apart :: traverse : across
transcend v. 넘어서다 : OVERCOME
: to rise above or go beyond the limits of , to triumph travesty v. 서투른 흉내내다
over the negative or restrictive aspects of : to make a travesty of ; parody or ridicule
ossify ↔ transcend conventions travesty ↔ paragon
transfigure v. 외형을 바꾸다 treacherous adj 배신 때리는 : PERFIDIOUS

: to give a new and typically exalted or spiritual : likely to betray trust
appearance to treacherousness ↔ faithfulness
transfer : location :: transfigure : aspect
transfigure : appearance :: transfer : location treasurer n. 회계원
: an officer entrusted with the receipt, care, and
transgress v. 어기다 : VIOLATE disbursement of funds
: to go beyond limits set or prescribed by treasurer : funds :: secretary : records
rectitude : transgressive :: keenness : obtuse
transgression : morality :: presumption : propriety treaty n. 조약
transgress ↔ obey : an agreement or arrangement made by negotiation
rectify : treaty :: confirm : hypothesis
transient adj. 덧없는/일시의 : TRANSITORY
: passing especially quickly into and out of existence tremendous adj. 무서운/거대한
opportune : convenience :: impermanent : : notable by reason of extreme size, power, greatness,
transience(=) or excellence
convoluted : complexity :: ephemeral : transience(=) : unusually large
convoluted : complexity :: transient : evanescent
transient : vanish :: constant : perpetuate tremulous adj. 전전긍긍하는/와들와들 떠는
transience ↔ permanence : such as is or might be caused by nervousness or
transient ↔ lasting shakiness
transient ↔ protracted
persistence transience trenchant adj. 신랄한/명확한
transient ↔ perpetual : vigorously effective and articulate
transient ↔ rooted trenchant : insipid :: ??
trenchant ↔ vague/dull
transitory adj. 일시적인
153
trendsetter n. 새 유행을 정착시키는 사람 truant ↔ dutiful

: one that sets a trend
truculent adj. 잔혹한/호전적인 : CRUEL, SAVAGE
trepidation n. 공포/동요 : APPREHENSION : feeling or displaying ferocity
: timorous uncertain agitation truculent : gentleness :: unregenerate : remorse(#)
audacious : trepidation :: laconic : aspiration truculent ↔ gentle
dauntless : trepidation :: footloose : attachment truculent ↔ pacific
trepidation ↔ aplomb truculence ↔ kindness
dauntless ↔ trepid truculent ↔ placid
trepidation ↔ soberness genial ↔ truculent
trespass v. 불법 침입하다/위반하다 trudge v. 터벅터벅 걷다

: to enter unlawfully upon the land of another : to walk or march steadily and usually laboriously
usurp : take :: trespass : enter lug : carry :: trudge : walk
{overwhelm : defeat}는 답아님! cavort ↔ trudge
trespass ↔ without to intrude
trespass ↔ undo truism n. 자명한 이치
trespass ↔ obey : an undoubted or self-evident truth; especially : one
too obvious for mention
trial n. 재판 truism ↔ unusual observation
trial : courthouse :: experiment : laboratory
studio : artist :: laboratory：scientist truncate v. 자르다/줄이다
: to shorten by or as if by cutting off
tribute n. 찬사 : ENCOMIUM truncate : extent :: simplify : complexity
: a gift or service showing respect, gratitude, or prolong ↔ truncate
affection
tribute ↔ reprobation truss n. 트러스
: a rigid framework, as of wooden beams or metal bars,
trickle n. 똑똑 떨어짐 designed to support a structure, such as a roof
: a thin, slow, or intermittent stream or movement ballast : stability :: truss : support
blast : whiff :: gush : trickle
tubby adj. 둔탁한 소리가 나는/뚱뚱한
trite adj. 진부한 : sounding dull and without proper resonance or
: hackneyed or boring from much use freedom of sound
: not fresh or original
trite ↔ unbanal/unhackneyed tumbler n. 곡예사 : ACROBAT
trite ↔ fresh
trite ↔ original tumult n. 소란 : COMMOTION
: disorderly agitation or milling about of a crowd usually
triumph n. 승리 with uproar and confusion of voices
tumultuous : bedlam :: active : hive
trivial adj. 하찮은 calm : frantic :: serene : tumultuous(#)
: of little worth or importance tumult ↔ quietude/quiescence
substantive ↔ trivial tumult ↔ tranquility
trivial ↔ massive tumultuous ↔ serene
grandiose ↔ trivial tumultuous ↔ tranquil
indispensable ↔ trivial
turbid adj. 자욱한 : FOUL, MUDDY
trophy n. 트로피 : deficient in clarity or purity
trophy : contestant :: honors : student
turbulent adj. 소란스러운/사나운
troupe n. 극단 : causing unrest, violence, or disturbance
: company or group, especially of touring actors, singers, maelstrom : turbulent :: mirage : illusory
or dancers
troupe : perform :: chorus : sing turgid adj. 과장된 : BOMBASTIC, POMPOUS
: excessively embellished in style or language
truant adj/n. 꾀부려 쉬는 놈 turgid ↔ simple
: one who shirks duty or work
truant : dutiful :: ?? turmoil n. 소란
154
: a state or condition of extreme confusion, agitation, or

commotion
turmoil ↔ tranquility
turncoat n. 변절자 : TRAITOR

: one who switches to an opposing side or party
bigot : tolerance :: turncoat : constancy
turncoat : constancy :: simpleton : sagacity
turncoat : consistency :: recluse : compassion
constancy ↔ turncoat
turpitude n. 비열함 : DEPRAVITY

: inherent baseness
turpitude ↔ saintly behavior
tutor n. 가정 교사
twig n. 작은 가지
: any small, leafless branch of a woody plant
figurine : statue :: twig : branch
typo n. 오타/인쇄공
: an error (as of spelling) in typed or typeset material
typo : text :: bug : software
tyrant n. 연산군
: a ruler who exercises absolute power oppressively or
brutally
tyro n. 초심자
: a beginner in learning something
tyro ↔ expert
155
U underscore n/v. 강조(하다)

: line drawn under a word or line especially for emphasis
or to indicate intent to italicize
underscore : emphasis :: brand : ownership
ubiquitous adj. 도처에 존재하는 underscore ↔ de-emphasize
: existing or being everywhere at the same time : underscore ↔ underplay
constantly encountered
ubiquitous ↔ unique unearth v. 폭로하다/발굴하다
: to bring to public notice
ugly adj. 추한 : HIDEOUS unearth ↔ conceal
: displeasing to the eye
pulchritude ↔ ugliness/hideousness unexceptionable adj. 나무랄 데 없는 :
UNIMPEACHABLE
unavailing adj. 효과 없는 : FUTILE/USELESS : not open to objection or criticism ; beyond reproach
: not availing; ineffectual or useless unexceptionable : oppose :: unique : precedent
unassuming adj. 젠체하지 않는 : MODEST, unexceptional adj. 보통의 : COMMONPLACE

RETIRING : not out of the ordinary
: not assuming : not arrogant or presuming
unassuming ↔ overbearing unflagging adj. 쇠퇴하지 않는/지칠 줄 모르는
unflagging ↔ fading
uncanny adj. 불가사의한
: seeming to have a supernatural character or origin : unflappable adj. 침착한
EERIE, MYSTERIOUS : marked by assurance and self-control
uncanny ↔ ordinary unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade
unflappable ↔ disturbed
unconventional adj. 관습[인습]에 얽매이지 않는
: not bound by or in accordance with convention ungainly adj. 꼴사나운/보기 흉한 : CLUMSY
hero : admirable :: eccentric : unconventional : lacking in smoothness or dexterity
unconventionality ↔ fidelity to custom : having an awkward appearance
loquacious : succinct :: adroit : ungainly
uncouth adj. 무례한 adroit ↔ ungainly
: awkward and uncultivated in appearance, manner, or ungainly ↔ dexterous
behavior lissome ↔ ungainly
uncouth : churl :: conspiratorial : conniver
seemly ↔ uncouth unheralded adj. 뜻밖의/뜬금없이
: without warning or announcement
unctuous adj. 기름기 있는/간사한 unheralded : announcement :: rash : circumspection
: containing or composed of oil or fat unheralded : announcement :: impromptu : rehearsal
: revealing or marked by a smug, ingratiating, and false
earnestness or spirituality unimpeachable adj. 비난/의심의 여지가 없는
placebo : innocuous :: salve : unctuous : not to be called in question
sanctimonious : devout :: unctuous : earnest unimpeachable ↔ open to question
unctuous ↔ brusque
unkempt adj. 단정치 못한
underdog n. 약자 : deficient in order or neatness
: a victim of injustice or persecution unkempt ↔ dapper
underdog ↔ bully
unlettered adj. 무지의
undergird v. 보강하다/강화하다/떠받치다 : : lacking facility in reading and writing and ignorant of
STRENGTHEN, SUPPORT the knowledge to be gained from books
: to form the basis or foundation of erudite ↔ smattering of knowledge/ignorant/unlettered
undermine ↔ undergird
unpalatable adj. 불쾌한/맛없는 : DISTASTEFUL
undermine v. 약화시키다/손상시키다
: to subvert or weaken insidiously or secretly unpretentious adj. 젠체하지 않는 : MODEST
undermine ↔ undergird : free from ostentation, elegance, or affectation
aggrandize ↔ undermine bombastic ↔ unpretentious
156
unrepentant adj. 회개하지 않는

: having or exhibiting no remorse uphold v. 지지하다
unrepentant ↔ remorseful/attritional/compunctious : to support against an opponent
abrogate ↔ uphold
unrequited adj. 보답 없는 forsake uphold
: not reciprocated or returned in kind impugn uphold
remunerative ↔ unrequited
uproar n. 소란
unruly adj. 다루기 힘든 : a state of commotion, excitement, or violent
: not readily ruled, disciplined, or managed disturbance
unruly : authority :: refractory : change
subdued ↔ unruly upset v. 뒤흔들어 놓다
unruly ↔ disciplined : to trouble mentally or emotionally
unflappable : upset :: obstinate : persuade
untenable adj. 지지할 수 없는/거주할 수 없는
: Being such that defense or maintenance is impossible urbane adj. 세련된 : POLISHED
: Being such that occupation or habitation is impossible : notably polite or finished in manner
untenable : defense :: invulnerable : injury urbane ↔ rude/rustic
incontrovertible : disputed :: untenable : defended
inalienable : surrendered :: untenable : depended urge v. 주장하다
untenable : depended :: inexorable : persuade : to present, advocate, or demand earnestly or
untenable defensible pressingly
untenable habitable didactic : teach :: hortatory : urge
{risible : ridicule}는 답아님!
untold adj. 셀 수 없는 : INCALCULABLE, VAST
: too great or numerous to count usurp v. 강탈하다/권한 없이 사용하다
countless/innumerable/myriad/untold : number : to seize and hold (as office, place, or powers) in
:: everlasting/interminable : duration possession by force or without right
untold ↔ able to quantify/quantifiable/calculable usurp : take :: overwhelm : defeat
untold ↔ able to gauge impostor : identity :: usurper : authorization
impostor : imitation :: usurper : authentication
untoward adj. 불리한/부적당한/고집센 : ADVERSE, embezzle : funds :: usurp : power
UNPROPITIOUS usurp : seize :: interrogate : examine(=)
: difficult to guide, manage, or work with usurp : seize :: defame : disparage(=)
: marked by trouble or unhappiness usurp ↔ assume rightfully
: not favorable
untoward ↔ favorable and anticipated utter adj/v. 무조건적인/완전한/말하다
untoward ↔ fortunate flit : move :: blurt : utter
toward ↔ obdurate jest ↔ solemn utterance
auspicious ↔ untoward utter ↔ partial
untoward ↔ propitious
untutored adj. 순박한 : NAIVE, UNSOPHISTICATED

: having no formal learning or training
untutored ↔ polished
unwitting adj. 모르는/무의식적인 :UNAWARE

: not knowing
conscious ↔ unwitting
unwonted adj. 드문
: being out of the ordinary
habit ↔ unwonted behavior
unwonted ↔ usual
upbraid v. 신랄하게 비난하다

: to reproach severely ; scold vehemently
upbraid : reproach :: dote : like(>)
upbraid ↔ laud/extol
157
V valediction ↔ greeting
valiant adj. 용맹스러운 : COURAGEOUS

: possessing or acting with bravery or boldness
vacate v. (집,방)을 비우다 valiant ↔ pusillanimous
: to empty of occupants or incumbents
vacate ↔ occupy valid adj. 정당한
: logically correct
vaccinate v. 예방 접종하다 specious ↔ valid
: to inoculate (a person) with cowpox virus in order to fallacy ↔ valid argument
produce immunity to smallpox
overexposure : jaded :: vaccination : immune valorize v. 가격을 정(유지)하다
soporific : sleep :: vaccinating : immunity : to establish and maintain the price of (a commodity)
by governmental action
vacillate adj. 동요하다/주저하다 : FLUCTUATE,
OSCILLATE valorous adj. 용감한
: to waver in mind, will, or feeling : marked by or possessing great personal bravery
: hesitate in choice of opinions or courses craven valorous
impetuous : vacillation/hesitation :: bumptious :
humbleness vanquish v. 정복하다
vacillation : persistent :: inertia : reactant(#) : to defeat in a conflict or contest
vacillate : persistent :: react : inert dominate : vanquished :: ??
vacillate : uncertain :: apologize : contrite
apologize : contrite :: vacillate : irresolute/hesitant vapid adj. 생기 없는/지루한 : FLAT, DULL
adamant ↔ vacillatory : lacking liveliness, tang, briskness, or force
impetuosity ↔ hesitance/vacillation bracing ↔ vapid
pertinacity ↔ vacillation vapid ↔ zealous
equipoise ↔ vacillate vapid ↔ riveting
vacillation ↔ decisiveness vapid ↔ inventive
vapid ↔ piquant
vacuous adj. 얼빠진/공허한 : STUPID, INANE
: lacking intelligence vaporize v. 증발시키다
: devoid of substance or meaning : to convert (as by the application of heat or by
vacuous ↔ intelligent spraying) into vapor
vacuous ↔ omniscient scuff : abrasion :: heat : vaporization
vacuous ↔ substantial abraded : friction :: vaporized : heat
vacuous ↔ full of ideas gasification ↔ solidification
vaporization ↔ solidification
vagary n. 엉뚱한 짓/변덕
: an erratic, unpredictable, or extravagant manifestation, vaporous adj. 공허한/비실질적인
action, or notion : insubstantial, vague, or ethereal
vagary : predict :: impossibility : execute vaporous ↔ substantial
vagary : predict :: impossibility : accomplish
vagary : predict :: acme : surpass variance n. 가변성/불일치 : DIFFERENCE, VARIATION
unplumbed : depth :: unpredictable : vagary : the fact, quality, or state of being variable or variant
vagary : predict :: diehard : budge immutable ↔ variable
variance ↔ congruity
vagrant n/adj. 방랑자/정처 없는 : RANDOM
: having no fixed course variegation n. 색깔의 다양성
vagrant ↔ fixed : the state of being variegated; diversified coloration
variegation ↔ uniform coloration
vague adj. 분명치 않은/막연한
: not clearly defined, grasped, or understood varnish v/n. 광나게 하다/유약
trenchant ↔ vague : to give a smooth and glossy finish to
vague ↔ well defined glaze : porcelain :: varnish : wood
varnish : glossy :: sand : smooth
valediction n. 고별사 varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum
: an act of bidding farewell
panegyric : praise :: valediction : farewell vault n. 지하 금고
158
: a room or compartment for the safekeeping of perfunctorily : inspiration :: insolently : veneration

valuables venerable : reverence :: despicable : scorn
larder : provisions :: vault : valuables veneration ↔ derision
vault : valuables :: refrigerator : foods {library : books} venerate ↔ dishonor
venerate ↔ contempt
vaunt v. 자랑하다/뽐내다 : BRAG venerate ↔ disdain/distain
: to call attention to pridefully and often boastfully veneration ↔ hatred
vaunt ↔ humble veneration ↔ scorn
vaunt ↔ self-deprecate
vaunt ↔ downplay vengeful adj. 앙심 품은 : REVENGEFUL
vaunting ↔ meek : indicating or proceeding from a desire for revenge
vaunt ↔ deprecate demanding : satisfy :: vengeful : forgive
veer v. 방향을 바꾸다 venial adj. 용서될 만한/사소한

: to turn aside from a course, direction, or purpose : meriting no particular censure or notice
veer : direction :: convert : belief venial : excuse :: pellucid : understand
topic : digress :: course : veer heinous ↔ venial
veer ↔ maintain constant
ventilate v. 환기시키다
vehement adj. 격앙된/열정적인 : POWERFUL
: intensely emotional veracious adj. 정직한/진실한 : TRUTHFUL, HONEST
: marked by forceful energy veracious ↔ mendacious
vehement ↔ politic mendacity ↔ veracity
vehement ↔ languid [ver: truth의 의미]
vehement ↔ apathetic
vehemency ↔ tepidity verbatim adj. 똑같은 말의 : WORD-FOR-WORD
vehemence ↔ lull : using exactly the same words; corresponding word for
word
venerate v. 공경하다 paraphrase : verbatim :: approximate : precise
: to regard with respect, reverence, or heartfelt argot ↔ standard language/common verbalism
deference
veneration hatred verbose adj. 장황한 : WORDY
veneration derision : containing more words than necessary
{blame, defiance}는 답아님! laconism ↔ verbosity
verbosity ↔ succinctness
venom n. 독 verbose ↔ succinct
: poisonous matter normally secreted by some animals verbose ↔ concise
placebo : innocuous :: venom : toxic
verdant adj. 초목으로 뒤덮인/미숙한
venal adj. 매수되기 쉬운/돈독 오른 : PURCHASABLE : green with growing plants
: open to corrupt influence and especially bribery : unripe in experience or judgment
disinterested : partisanship :: venal : probity verdant ↔ sterile
venal ↔ unsusceptible of bribe verdant ↔ sere
venal ↔ incorruptible verdant ↔ barren
vendor n. 조달자 verdict n. 평결

: one that sell especially as a hawker or peddler
vendor : purvey :: censor : expurgate verify v. 확증하다/실증하다
: to confirm or substantiate in law by oath
veneer n. 베니어(박판)/표면 마무리 verifiable : plausible :: obfuscating : indiscernible
: a layer of wood of superior value or excellent grain to plumb : depth :: verify : accuracy
be glued to an inferior wood refutation ↔ verification
foil : metal :: veneer : wood unsubstantiated ↔ verified
veneer : furniture :: baseboard : wall verifiable ↔ fallacious
glaze : porcelain :: veneer : furniture refute ↔ verify
venerate v. 존경/경배하다 verisimilar adj. 있을 법한 : PROBABLE

: to regard with reverential respect or with admiring : having the appearance of truth
deference verisimilar ↔ implausible
159
[ver: truth의 의미] vex ↔ mollify

vexation ↔ gratification
veritable adj. 참다운/진실의 vex ↔ assuage
: being in fact the thing named and not false, unreal, or
imaginary viable adj. 생존 가능한
veritable ↔ specious : capable of living
[ver: truth의 의미] elastic : expand :: viable : live
viability ↔ inability to live
vermin n. 인간 쓰레기
: person considered loathsome or highly offensive vibrant adj. 활기찬/진동하는
: oscillating or pulsating rapidly
vernacular adj. 일상 언어/사투리 : pulsating with life, vigor, or activity
: the everyday language spoken by a people as flagging ↔ vibrant
distinguished from the literary language ponderous ↔ lively/vibrant/brisk
vernacular : place :: jargon : profession
vernacular : local :: jargon : profession vicarious adj. 대신의 : SUBSTITUTIONARY
: performed or suffered by one person as a substitute
versatile adj. 용도가 많은/다재다능한 for another or to the benefit or advantage of another
: having many uses or applications vicarious ↔ first-handed
versatile ↔ having limited application
vicious adj. 악의가 있는 : DEPRAVED
vertigo n. 어지러움 : having the nature or quality of vice or immorality
: a confused, disoriented state of mind benign ↔ vicious
vertigo : nauseate :: ?? benignant ↔ vicious
tranquility ↔ vertigo
vicissitude n. 변천/변화
verve n. 열정/기백 :VIVACITY : the quality or state of being changeable
: the spirit and enthusiasm animating artistic vicissitudinous ↔ unchanging
composition or performance vicissitudinous ↔ immutable
verve ↔ listlessness
{waning}는 답아님! victimize v. 사기 치다 : SWINDLE
lassitude ↔ verve : to subject to deception or fraud
victimize ↔ treat fairly
vessel n. 혈관
: a tube or canal (as an artery) in which a body fluid is vigilant adj. 빈틈없는/주의 깊은
contained and conveyed or circulated : alertly watchful especially to avoid danger
aqueduct : water :: pipeline : gas vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied
aqueduct : water :: vessel : blood vigilant : entrapped :: demanding : satisfied
vigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulled
vestigial adj. 퇴화한/흔적의 wary : gulled :: vigilant : ambushed
: relating of a trace, mark, or visible sign left by vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped
something (as an ancient city or a condition or practice) watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled
vanished or lost vigilant ↔ oblivious
vestigial ↔ fully developed vigilant ↔ unalert
vigilant ↔ negligible/supine
veteran n. 고참병 vigilant ↔ slack
cadet : veteran :: tadpole : frog
vignette n. 짤막한 장면/책의 속장식
veto n/v. 거부[금지]권/금지하다 : INTERDICTION : a brief incident or scene (as in a play or movie)
: an authoritative prohibition : a decorative design placed at the beginning or end of a
veto : prohibitive :: overture : introductory book or chapter of a book or along the border of a page.
veto ↔ consent vignette : scene :: skit : drama
vignette : book :: scene : movie
vex v. 화나게 하다
: to bring trouble, distress, or agitation to vigor n. 정력
draconian : inclemency :: fret : vexation : active bodily or mental strength or force
conciliate ↔ vex decrepit ↔ vigorous
vex ↔ pacify/appease/soothe
vex ↔ conciliation vile adj. 야비한/초라한
160
: miserably poor and degrading : incapable of being realized or achieved

vile ↔ noble visionary : idealistic :: officious : obliging(>)
miscreant : criminal :: visionary : delusion
vilify v. 헐뜯다 : DEFAME
: to utter slanderous and abusive statements against vista n. 전망 : PROSPECT
extol ↔ vilify : a distant view through or along an avenue or opening
vilification ↔ approbation placebo : painkiller :: backdrop : vista
vilification ↔ beautification
vilify ↔ honor vitality n. 생명력
: capacity to live and develop; also :physical or mental
vim n. 정력 vigor especially when highly developed
: robust energy and enthusiasm attenuate : thickness :: enervate : vitality
lassitude ↔ vim/animation dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality
lassitude ↔ verve enervation : vitality :: debase : value
arrest ↔ vitalize
vindicate v. (비난,의혹을)풀다 vitality ↔ enervation
: to free from allegation or blame
calumniate ↔ vindicate vitiate v. 손상시키다/타락시키다 : IMPAIR
impugn ↔ vindicate : to debase in moral or aesthetic status
vindicate ↔ inculpate vitiate ↔ strengthen
vindicate ↔ confirm guilt vitiate ↔ fortify
[vindic: 원한]
vitrify v. 유리질로 만들다
vindictive adj. 원한 깊은 : VENGEFUL : to convert into glass or a glassy substance by heat and
: disposed to seek revenge fusion
mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge tarnish : dull :: vitrify : smooth
violate v. 위반하다 : RAPE vitriolic adj. 신랄한

: bitterly scathing; caustic
virility n. 남자다움 vitriolic ↔ soothing
: the quality or state of being virile
vituperative adj. 비난하는/헐뜯는
virtuoso n. 거장 : uttering or given to censure
: a person who has great skill at some endeavor :containing or characterized by verbal abuse
virtuoso : skill :: potentate : power vituperative ↔ admirable/complimentary
virtuoso : mediocre :: impostor : unfeigned vituperate ↔ admire
virtuoso : skill :: genius : intelligence vituperate ↔ praise
virtuosity ↔ mediocrity vituperate ↔ adulate
virtuosity ↔ beginner vituperative ↔ adulatory
virtuous adj. 덕 있는/고결한 :RIGHTEOUS vivacious adj. 활기 있는/활발한 : SPRIGHTLY

: morally excellent : lively in temper, conduct, or spirit
doldrums : energy :: depravity : virtue vivid : intensify :: ??
base ↔ virtuous phlegmatic ↔ vivacious
nefarious ↔ above reproach/virtuous vivacious ↔ languid
vivid ↔ weary
virulent adj. 치명적인/독이 있는 vivacious ↔ leaden
: extremely infectious, malignant, or poisonous
virulent ↔ salubrious vivid adj. 활기찬 : LIVELY
: having the appearance of vigorous life or freshness
viscid adj. 끈적끈적한 vivid : intensify :: ??
: thick and adhesive
viscid ↔ slick vociferous adj. 떠들썩한
: marked by or given to vehement insistent outcry
viscous adj. 점성의 : VISCID vociferous ↔ reticent/monotone/serene/still
: having a glutinous consistency vociferous : monotone :: ??
glutinous ↔ nonviscous
vogue n. 유행 : POPULARITY
visionary adj. 공상의 : UTOPIAN
161
volatile adj. 휘발성의/변덕스러운

: characterized by or subject to rapid or unexpected vulgar adj. 서민의/상스러운 : COARSE
change : lacking in cultivation, perception, or taste
craven : heroic :: volatile : constant(#) genteel : vulgarity :: intrepid : fear(#)
volatile : temper :: ready : wit
volatile ↔ constant vulture n. 독수리같이 탐욕스러운 놈/등쳐먹는 놈
volatile ↔ stable : a person of a rapacious, predatory, or profiteering
imperturbability ↔ volatility nature
vulture ↔ altruist
volition n. 의욕/결단력 : WILL
: the power of choosing or determining
volition ↔ inability to choose
volition ↔ inability to select
volitional ↔ unanimated
voluble adj. 유창한 : GLIB, FLUENT

: characterized by ready or rapid speech
voluble : verbosity :: licentious : dissoluteness
audacious : trepidation :: laconic : volubility
maladroit : deft :: voluble : terse(#)
abandon : inhibition :: volubility: terseness(#)
volubility ↔ taciturnity
laconic ↔ voluble
voluble ↔ taciturn/succinct/reticent
voluble ↔ dour
voluminous adj. 부피가 큰/다량의

: having or marked by great volume or bulk
voluminous ↔ scanty/scarce
volunteer adj. 자발적인

: performing a service voluntarily
volunteer ↔ obligatory
voluptuous adj. 사치스러운

: given to or spent in enjoyments of luxury, pleasure, or
sensual gratifications
voluptuary ↔ ascetic
Spartan ↔ sybaritic/indulgent/voluptuous/luxurious
voluptuous ↔ self contained/self denying
vomit n. 구토
: an act or instance of disgorging the contents of the
stomach through the mouth
vomit : disgorge :: ??
voracious adj. 게걸스레 먹는 : INSATIABLE

: excessively eager
: having a huge appetite
impassive : perturb :: voracious : satisfy
voracity ↔ lack of appetite
votary n. 신봉자
: a staunch believer or advocate
votary ↔ skeptic
vouch v. 보증하다
: to summon into court to warrant or defend a title
vouch ↔ refuse to guarantee
162
W possession of (as an estate)

gratuitous ↔ warranted/merited
wary adj. 방심하지 않는

waffle v. 말끝을 흐리며 둘러대다 : BLATHER : marked by keen caution, cunning, and watchful
: to speak or write evasively prudence especially in detecting and escaping danger
waffle : enunciate :: embed : disinter(#) vigilant : entrapped :: exacting : satisfied
waffle ↔ speak unequivocally vigilant : entrapped :: wary : gulled
wary : gulled :: vigilant : ambushed
wag n. 익살꾼 : WIT, JOKER
: a humorous or droll person wastrel n. 방탕아 : PROFLIGATE
ludicrous : buffoon :: dissolute : libertine : one who dissipates resources foolishly and self-
dissolute : libertine :: humorous : wag indulgently
wag : humorous :: dolt : stupid inexperience : neophyte :: irresponsibility : wastrel
wan adj. 창백한/힘없는 : SICKLY, PALLID, FEEBLE waterproof adj. 방수의

: suggestive of poor health : impervious to water
: lacking vitality waterproof ↔ permeable
wan ↔ hale
wan ↔ rubicund watershed n. 전환점 : TURNING POINT
: a crucial dividing point, line, or factor
wander v. [정처없이] 배회하다 watershed ↔ routine
: to move about without a definite destination or {ambiguity}는 답아님!
purpose
wandering ↔ move purposely waylay v. 잠복하여 습격하다
: to lie in wait for or attack from ambush
wanderlust n. 방랑벽 vigilant : waylaid :: wary : duped
: strong longing for or impulse toward wandering or watchful : waylaid :: cunning : gulled
traveling watchful : waylaid :: wary : duped
curiosity : know :: wanderlust : travel
wax vt/n. (세력,감정)이 커지다/왁스/울화통
wane v. 쇠퇴하다/약해지다 : DWINDLE, DIM : to increase in size, numbers, strength, prosperity, or
: to decrease in size, extent, or degree intensity
burgeoning ↔ waning varnish : wood :: wax : linoleum
resurgence ↔ waning vitally wax ↔ decrease
wane ↔ wax wax ↔ waste away
wane ↔ increase flag ↔ wax
increase : 수량·범위·정도 등을 늘리다, 확대하다. wane ↔ wax
augment : 이미 상당한 정도가 되는 것을 증대·증가시키다.
enlarge : 형태·크기·범위 등을 증대시키다. weld v. 용접하다
: to unite (metallic parts) by heating and allowing the
want n. 결핍/빈곤 metals to flow together or by hammering or
: grave and extreme poverty that deprives one of the compressing with or without previous heating
necessities of life weld : metal :: sew : fabric
repletion ↔ want
welter v. 뒤죽박죽이 되다
wanton adj. 제멋대로의/지나치게 화려한 : : to be in turmoil
MISCHIEVOUS welter ↔ orderly arrangement
: playfully mean or cruel
wheedle v. 감언이설로 속여 얻어내다
wardrobe n. 옷장 : CLOTHESPRESS : to obtain through the use of flattery or guile
larder : food :: wardrobe : clothes wheedle : cajolery :: extort : coercion(=)
warmonger n. 전쟁 도발자 : JINGO whet v. 날카롭게 갈다

: one who urges or attempts to stir up war : to sharpen (a knife, for example) ; hone.
dove ↔ warmonger/jingoist : to make more keen ; stimulate
blunt ↔ whet
warrant v. 의 근거가 되다 whet ↔ dull
: to guarantee to a person good title to and undisturbed
163
whiff n. 한번 불기
: a slight, gentle gust of air wit n. 기지/지혜 있는 놈 : INGENUITY
blast : whiff :: gush : trickle(>) : keenness and quickness of perception or discernment
volatile : temper :: ready : wit
whimsical adj. 변덕스러운 wit ↔ dullard
: resulting from or characterized by whim or caprice
caprice : whimsical :: stealth : furtive witch n. 마녀 : SORCERESS
caprice : whimsical :: discontent : unsatisfied : one that is credited with usually malignant
mercurial : mood :: whimsical : behavior supernatural powers; especially :a woman practicing
whimsical : caprice :: insightful : penetration usually black witchcraft often with the aid of a devil or
familiar
wholesome adj. 건전한/건강에 좋은 retainer : retinue :: witch : coven
: promoting health or well-being of mind or spirit retinue : attendant :: coven : witch
decadence ↔ wholesomeness
tainted ↔ unspoiled/wholesome withdraw v. 철회하다/물러나다
wholesome ↔ deleterious : to become socially or emotionally detached
insalubrious ↔ wholesome roisterer : carouse :: recluse : withdraw
morbid ↔ wholesome press ↔ withdrawal
noxious ↔ wholesome/sanitary/innocuous
wither v. 시들다/풀이 죽다
wick n. 양초 심지 : to lose vitality, force, or freshness
dehydrate : water :: wither : vitality
wicked adj. 사악한 : EVIL burgeon ↔ wither
nefarious : wickedness :: generous : liberality(=) wither ↔ revive
willful adj. 옹고집의 withhold v. 보류하다/만류하다

: obstinately and often perversely self-willed : to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing
willfulness : headstrong :: subservience : fawning(=) withhold ↔ grant
willful : 제멋대로의; 아집에서 나온 고의의.
deliberate : 행위의 의미를 알고 있는 의도적인. wizen adj. 시든
intentional : 우연이 아니라 의도적인. : to become dry, shrunken, and wrinkled often as a
result of aging or of failing vitality
wily adj. 교활한 : CRAFTY wizened ↔ thriving/blooming
: full of wiles
wobble v. 동요하다/흔들거리다
wince v. 주춤[움찔]하다 : FLINCH : to move or proceed with an irregular rocking or
: to shrink back involuntarily (as from pain) staggering motion or unsteadily and clumsily from side
wince : pain :: smile : pleasure to side
wince : pain :: pout : displeasure wobble ↔ stabilize
wince : pain :: sneer : contempt
woo v. 구애하다 : COURT
windbag n. 수다쟁이 : to sue for the affection of and usually marriage with
: an exhaustively talkative person adulate : fawn :: woo : adore
windbag ↔ taciturnity
wordsmith n. 문장가
windy adj. 수다스러운/장황한 : a person who works with words
windy : concise :: hackneyed : original(#) raconteur : storytelling :: wordsmith : writing
winnow v. 키질하다 worldly adj. 세속적인/평범한 : MUNDANE

: to remove (as chaff) by a current of air : of, relating to, or devoted to this world and its pursuits
winnow : chaff :: filter : impurities rather than to religion or spiritual affairs
winnow : grain :: purify : water worldly ↔ singular
worldly ↔ naïve/spiritual
winsome adj. 애교 있는
: generally pleasing and engaging often because of a worship n. 숭배
childlike charm and innocence : extravagant respect or admiration for or devotion to an
unprepossessing ↔ entrancing/winsome object of esteem
winsome ↔ repelling worship : sacrifice :: prediction : augury
winsome ↔ repellent
164
wrangler n. 카우보이 : COWBOY

: a ranch hand who takes care of the saddle horses
lariat : wrangler :: crook : shepherd
writ n. 영장/공식 문서
: a formal written document; specifically :a legal
instrument in epistolary form issued under seal in the
name of the English monarch
wry adj. (얄궂게)익살스러운/비꼬는

: cleverly and often ironically or grimly humorous
: having a bent or twisted shape or condition
{meticulous : finicky}는 답아님!
wry ↔ even/straight/true/direct/undeviating
165
Y
yacht n. 요트
yardstick n. 야드 자
yaw v. 한쪽으로 흔들리다/빗나가다

: of a ship :to deviate erratically from a course (as when
struck by a heavy sea); especially :to move from side
to side
yawn v. 하품하다
: to open the mouth wide usually as an involuntary
reaction to fatigue or boredom
yawn : sleepiness :: blush : embarrassment
yield v. 양보하다/포기하다/따르다
: to surrender or relinquish to the physical control of
another
beneficent : harm :: tenacious : yield(#)
tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry(#)
evanescent : disappear :: pliant : yield(=)
default : pay :: yield : resist(#)
obsequious : fawn :: compliant : yield
adamant : yield :: cautious : gamble
acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical
tenacious : yield :: insouciant : worry
meek ↔ unyielding
dogged ↔ yielded
outmaneuver ↔ yield
yoke v. 결합시키다/속박하다
: to join as if by a yoke
sunder ↔ combine/yoke/bond
asunder ↔ yoke
yokel n. 시골뜨기
166
Z
zeal n. 열정 : FERVOR
: eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something
devoted : zealous :: careful : fastidious(<)
fervor : zealot :: improvidence : spendthrift
miser : munificent :: zealot : blasé
zealous : dedication :: mesmeric : interest(>)
fanatic : admirer :: zealot : adherent(>)
zealous : enthusiastic :: idolatrous : devoted
torpor ↔ zeal
zealotry ↔ lack of fervor
vapid ↔ zealous
zealot ↔ indifference
zest n. 흥미 : RELISH, GUSTO

: keen enjoyment
zigzag n. 지그재그형
: one of a series of short sharp turns, angles, or
alterations in a course
zigzag : turns :: montage : images
zone v. 구획하다
: to partition (a city, borough, or township) by ordinance
into sections reserved for different purposes (as
residence or business)
zoning : lands :: allocation : funds
167
ADDITIONAL WORDS solicitude : concern :: startle : flinch

전자때문에 후자하곤 한다
headlong : forethought :: barefaced : shame pestle : grind :: flint stone : sharpen

an action or behavior that is headlong is one that lacks 전자를 이용해 후자한다
forethought
color : spectrum :: tone : scale politic : offend :: aloof : associate

A spectrum is made up of a progressive, graduated 전자한 놈이 후자하지 않는다
series of colors, as a scale is a progressive, graduated
sequence of tones melodrama : subtlety :: chimera : authenticity
전자는 후자의 특성을 가지고 있지 않음
exhortation : motivate :: persiflage : incite
전자를 통해 후자하곤 한다 discern : acute :: believe : gullible
후자한 놈이 쉽게 전자한다
lassitude : stir :: appetite : indulge
전자를 없애기 위해 후자하곤 한다 advertising : commercial :: publishing : journal
전자하는 행위의 한 예로 후자가 있다
indulgent : adherent :: slovenly : dapper
반대관계 alliterate : remove :: blazon : efface
반대관계
apophasis : claim :: oxymoron : paradox
전자는 후자의 한 어법 insight : discern :: mettle : endure
전자를 가진 놈이 후자하곤 한다
parody : style :: mime : gesture
전자는 후자를 흉내낸 것 journal : entries :: run : performance
전자는 후자의 연속된 것
frugal : impecunious :: temperate : sober
전자보다 후자는 언제나 습관적으로 acquiesce : yielding :: capitulate : categorical
전자는 후자와는 달리 마지못해 하는 것이다
law : criminality :: consensus : factionalism
전자가 없는 상태가 후자 letter : signature :: playbill : cast
전자안에 보통 후자가 있다
frank : secretiveness :: callow : maturity
전자는 후자가 없는 상태 pliable : influence :: censorious : condemn
전자한 놈이 후자하곤 한다
censorship : communication :: preservative : decay
전자를 통해 후자를 막는다 mercenary : money :: vindictive : revenge
전자한 놈은 후자만 추구한다
circular : asymmetrical :: protean : rigid
전자한 것은 후자의 특징이 없다 purchase : slippery :: ballast : instability
전자는 후자를 막는 도구
garrulous : talkative :: cloying : sweet
전자는 후자가 너무 지나친 경우 stridency : sound :: garishness : appearance
전자는 후자가 도를 넘어선 상태
bolster : support :: tackle : hoist
전자는 후자하기 위한 도구 abacus : calculate :: balance : weigh
전자는 후자를 하기 위한 도구
assert : belabor :: tend : fuss
후자는 지나칠 정도로 전자한다 vagary : predict :: acme : surpass
전자한 것을 후자하기 힘들다
rider : bill :: endorsement : policy
전자는 후자에 추가되는 것 inured : tolerance :: addicted : dependency
전자한 상태가 되면 후자를 갖기 쉽다
quibble : failing :: rift : breach
전자는 후자에 비해 사소한 것 supplicant : humility :: adversary : resistance
전자한 놈은 후자의 속성을 가지고 있다
remonstrance : dissuade :: syllogism : disprove
전자를 통해 후자하곤 한다 ingratiating : win favor :: disingenuous : deceive
168
전자한 놈이 후자하곤 한다
ad-lib : impromptu :: aside : divergent

전자는 후자의 특성을 가진다
emulate : exemplary :: obviate : unnecessary

전자는 후자의 상태로 만들다

전자를 통해 후자를 얻는다
anger : tirade :: exaggeration : hyperbole

전자를 가진 어법
mimicry : camouflage :: mutation : variation

전자는 후자의 한 종류
encyclopedia : compendious :: abstract : condensed

후자는 전자의 특징
inventiveness : accidental :: effect : casual

전자는 후자의 반대특성을 가짐
languid : energy :: desultory : plan

전자는 후자가 부족한 상태
scorn : reject :: disparage : ignore

전자는 경멸적인 투로 후자하다
169

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A recant : belief :: abdicate : throne

abash v. 당황하게 하다 : DISCONCERT abeyance n. [일시적]중지 : SUSPENSION

abbreviate v. 생략하다/단축하다 abjure v. 신앙, 주의를 저버리다

anarchist : government :: abolitionist : slavery exculpatory : absolve :: motivational : stir

absolve v. 사면하다/면제하다 accede v. 동의하다

accede ↔ demur : to approach and speak to often in a challenging or

accolade n. 칭찬/영예 acquiesce v. 마지못해 따르다

acrimonious adj. 통렬한/신랄한 adjacent adj. 인접한

acute adj. 통찰력 있는/급성의 adjunct n. 부가물/부속물

adulation ↔ somber affection testy ↔ affable

adulterate v. 불순물을 섞다 affected adj. 젠체하는 : PRETENDED

affable adj. [태도]상냥한 agenda n. [회의]의사 일정

repertoire : performance :: agenda : meeting alacrity : apathetic :: temerity : timid

agony n. 심한 고통/몸부림 : ANGUISH, TORTURE allegiance n. 충성

agrarian adj. 농업의 allegory n. 우화 : fiction

alleviate : intensity :: console : grief equivocal : ambiguous :: oxymoron : incongruent

amass v. 축적하다 : ACCUMULATE amorphous adj. 무정형의 : SHAPELESS

amplify v. 확대하다 : INCREASE anecdote : amusement :: lecture : instruction

analogy n. 유사 : SIMILARITY annals n. 연대기 표

: not named or identified

anterior adj. 이전의/~보다 앞선 apiary n. 양봉장

antibiotic n. 항생제 apocalyptic adj. 아주 결정적인/예언적인 : CLIMATIC,

antique adj. 고대의 : ANCIENT apologist n. 변호(옹호)하는 사람

apophasis n. 부정 어법 foreword : introductory :: appellation : designative

apothecary n. 약국 주인 approbation n. 칭찬/승인 : COMMENDATION, PRAISE

appall v. 오싹하게 하다 apron n. 보호판/앞치마

range : mountain :: chain : link

arboreal adj. 나무의 arctic adj. 몹시 추운/북극의 : FRIGID

archaic adj. 고대의 : ANTIQUATED argot n. 은어

arrest v. (진행)을 저지하다 ascent n. 상승 : ACCLIVITY

arrogance n. 거만 aseptic adj. 무균의

arroyo n. 작은 협곡 askew adj. 비스듬한 : AWRY

arsenal n. 병기고 aspect n. 외관/외형 :EXPOSURE

artifice n. 책략/기만 aspiration n. 야심

assiduous adj. 꾸준한/꼼꼼히 돌보는 : expressing affectionate interest through close

astute adj. 통찰력 있는/빈틈없는 audible adj. 들리는

auspicious ↔ unfavorable aversion : disinclination :: adulation : admiration

B balky adj. [나귀처럼]고집 센

backhanded adj. 우회적인/혹평하는 : DEVIOUS ballast n. 안정시키는 것

evict : residence :: banish : country bask ↔ abstain

banister n. 계단의 난간 bathetic adj. 진부한 : TRITENESS

barb n. 가시/신랄한 말 beatitude n. 최상의 행복

barbarous adj. 교양 없는/잔혹한/야만스러운 bedeck v. [옷에]장식하다 : DECK

obsequious：servile :: belligerent：assertive(<) betray v. 배반하다/폭로하다

beneficent adj. 자애로운/이득이 되는 blackout n. 보도 통제/등화 관제 : SUPPRESSION

bequest n. 유산 : LEGACY blast n/v. 광풍

: to publish widely blurb : notice :: cameo : appearance

bliss n. 다시없는 기쁨/행복 boisterous adj. 떠들썩한 : ROWDY, VOCIFEROUS

snare ↔ boo : one given to loud, empty boasting

bookworm n. 독서광 braided adj. (머리를)땋은

boon n. 은혜/혜택 : BENEFIT, FAVOR brake n. 브레이크

boor n. 촌뜨기 brash adj. 경솔한

bough n. 나뭇가지 bravura adj. 화려한

brackish adj. 불쾌한 : REPULSIVE breezeway n. 지붕 있는 통로

bribe v. 뇌물로 매수하다

bridle n/v. 굴레/억누르다 bully n. 깡패

brittle adj. 부서지기 쉬운 bumptious adj. 오만한/거만한 : OBTRUSIVE

budge v. 의견을 바꾸다 : YIELD burgeon v. 싹트다/성장하다 : FLOURISH

: mockery usually by caricature

burnish v/n. 광을 내다/광택

butt v. 머리로 들이받다