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Currently unknown.
Precipitating factors:
• Injury
• surgery,
• Some cases have no demonstrable injury to the original site.
Pathophysiology
• CRPS can strike at any age, but the mean age at diagnosis is 42.
• CRPS has been diagnosed in children as young as 2 years old.
• CRPS is 3 times more frequent in females than males.
• Investigators estimate that 2-5 percent of those with peripheral
nerve injury, and 13-70 percent of those with hemiplegia
(paralysis of one side of the body), will suffer from CRPS.
• Cigarette smoking was strikingly present in patients about 68%.
Symptoms
1. Type one: severe, burning pain at the site of the injury. Muscle
spasm, joint stiffness, restricted mobility, rapid hair and nail growth,
and vasospasm (a constriction of the blood vessels) that affects color
and temperature of the skin can also occur.
2. Type two: is characterized by more intense pain. Swelling spreads,
hair growth diminishes, nails become cracked, brittle, grooved, and
spotty, osteoporosis becomes severe and diffuse, joints thicken, and
muscles atrophy.
3. Type three: is characterized by irreversible changes in the skin and
bones, while the pain becomes unyielding and may involve the entire
limb. There is marked muscle atrophy, severely limited mobility of
the affected area, and flexor tendon contraction, limb is displaced
from its normal position, and marked bone softening and thinning is
more dispersed.
Diagnosis
CRPS types I and II share the common diagnostic criteria shown below.
Thermography
Sweat testing
X-rays
Electrodiagnostics
Sympathetic blocks
Prevention
Treatment
a) Drugs
• antidepressants
• anti-inflammatories: corticosteroids
COX-inhibitors
• vasodilators
• GABA analogs
• alpha- or beta-adrenergic-blocking compounds
• entire pharmacy of opioids
Although many different drugs are used, there is not much supportive
evidence for most of them.
g) Sympathectomy
i) Ketamine
Prognosis
Homeopathy:
Homeopathy works nicely in pain management. As per the underlying cause,
Homeopathy has to offer good results.