CORPORATE SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITY(CSR)

SUBJECT :-

SUBMITTED TO:-
MAM MALIKA RANI

(M.P.O.B) SUBMITTED
BY:-
MD.WASIM ALAM
 ROLL NO :- A-64
` SECTION :- R1002

REG. N0-11012715

DATE OF SUB. :5-NOV-

2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS

➢ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

➢ INTRODUCTION

➢ DEFINITIONS

➢ OBJECTIVES OF CSR
 ➢ HISTORY OF CSR

➢ ARGUMENTS FOR & AGAINST CSR

➢ SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO CSR

➢ REVIEW OF LITERATURE

➢ REFERENCES

➢ CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I wish to express my deepest gratitude and warmest appreciation to the

following people, who, in any way have contributed and inspired me to the

overall success of the undertaking study:-

TO Mallika Mam, for her guidance and support in the duration of the study.

To my friends, who have been unselfishly extending their efforts and

understandIng. To my parents who have always been very understanding and

supportive both financially and emotionally.

I would also thank my Institution and my faculty members without whom this

project would have been a distant reality.

And above all, to the Almighty God, who never cease in loving us and for the

continued guidance and protection.

- Abhishek

Kumar

 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY(CSR)

 INTRODUCTION
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be defined as the
"economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations
that society has of organizations at a given point in time".
The concept of corporate social responsibility means that organizations have
moral, ethical, and charitable responsibilities in addition to their
responsibilities to earn a fair return for investors and comply with the law. A
traditional view of the corporation suggests that its primary, if not sole,
responsibility is to its owners, or stockholders. However, CSR requires
organizations to adopt a broader view of its responsibilities that includes not
only stockholders, but many other constituencies as well, including employees,
suppliers, customers, the local community, local, state, and federal
governments, environmental groups, and other special interest groups.
Collectively, the various groups affected by the actions of an organization are
called "stakeholders."

Corporate social responsibility is related to, but not identical with, business
ethics. While CSR includes the economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary
responsibilities of organizations, business ethics usually focuses on the moral
judgments and behavior of individuals and groups within organizations. Thus,
the study of business ethics may be regarded as a component of the larger study
of corporate social responsibility.

(CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY)

 DEFINITIONS of CSR
➢ Business for Social Responsibility (America’s largest organisation
devoted to CSR)
-Business decision making linked to ethical values, compliance with
legal requirements, and respect for people, communities, and the
environment around the world.

➢ Prince of Wales Business Leaders Forum

-Open and transparent business practices that are based on ethical
values and respect for employees, communities, and the environment.
It is designed to deliver sustainable value to society at large, as well as
to shareholders.

➢ European Commission
-A concept whereby companies decide voluntarily to contribute to a
better society and a cleaner environment.
➢ Anonymous respondent to an Accountancy Ireland survey
-CSR is ‘doing the right thing even when no-one is looking’.

 OBJECTIVES OF CSR

➢ To know the effect of CSR on the organisation

➢ To know the effect of CSR on the society

➢ Create competitive advantage through CSR
➢ Assess risks and opportunities before making capital
investments or other business decisions
➢ Align CSR strategies with organizational goals and
capabilities
➢ Evaluate current initiatives and consolidate efforts
around key objectives
➢ Present the business case for CSR initiatives
➢ Implement CSR at all levels of the company
➢ Understand how CSR directly impacts current and future
regulatory practices
➢ Faster successful interaction with key internal and
external stakeholders as well as governments and
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
  HISTORY
➢ The nature and scope of corporate social responsibility has
changed over time. The concept of CSR is a relatively new one
—the phrase has only been in wide use since the 1960s. But,
while the economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary
expectations placed on organizations may differ, it is probably
accurate to say that all societies at all points in time have had
some degree of expectation that organizations would act
responsibly, by some definition.

➢ In the eighteenth century the great economist and philosopher

Adam Smith expressed the traditional or classical economic
model of business. In essence, this model suggested that the
needs and desires of society could best be met by the unfettered
interaction of individuals and organizations in the marketplace.
By acting in a self-interested manner, individuals would
produce and deliver the goods and services that would earn
them a profit, but also meet the needs of others. The viewpoint
expressed by Adam Smith over 200 years ago still forms the
basis for free-market economies in the twenty-first century.
However, even Smith recognized that the free market did not
always perform perfectly and he stated that marketplace
participants must act honestly and justly toward each other if
the ideals of the free market are to be achieved.

➢ In the century after Adam Smith, the Industrial Revolution

contributed to radical change, especially in Europe and the
United States. Many of the principles espoused by Smith were
borne out as the introduction of new technologies allowed for
more efficient production of goods and services. Millions of
people obtained jobs that paid more than they had ever made
before and the standard of living greatly improved. Large
 organizations developed and acquired great power, and their
founders and owners became some of the richest and most
powerful men in the world. In the late nineteenth century many
of these individuals believed in and practiced a philosophy that
came to be called "Social Darwinism," which, in simple form, is
the idea that the principles of natural selection and survival of
the fittest are applicable to business and social policy. This type
of philosophy justified cutthroat, even brutal, competitive
strategies and did not allow for much concern about the impact
of the successful corporation on employees, the community, or
the larger society. Thus, although many of the great tycoons of
the late nineteenth century were among the greatest
philanthropists of all time, their giving was done as individuals,
not as representatives of their companies. Indeed, at the same
time that many of them were giving away millions of dollars of
their own money, the companies that made them rich were
practicing business methods that, by today's standards at least,
were exploitative of workers.

➢ Around the beginning of the twentieth century a backlash

against the large corporations began to gain momentum. Big
business was criticized as being too powerful and for practicing
antisocial and anticompetitive practices. Laws and regulations,
such as the Sherman Antitrust Act, were enacted to rein in the
large corporations and to protect employees, consumers, and
society at large. An associated movement, sometimes called the
"social gospel," advocated greater attention to the working class
and the poor. The labor movement also called for greater social
responsiveness on the part of business. Between 1900 and 1960
the business world gradually began to accept additional
responsibilities other than making a profit and obeying the law.

➢ In the 1960s and 1970s the civil rights movement,

consumerism, and environmentalism affected society's
expectations of business. Based on the general idea that those
with great power have great responsibility, many called for the
 business world to be more proactive in (1) ceasing to cause
societal problems and (2) starting to participate in solving
societal problems. Many legal mandates were placed on
business related to equal employment opportunity environment.

 ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST

CORPORATE SOCIAL
RESPONSIBILITY
The major arguments for and against corporate social responsibility are shown
in Exhibit 1. The "economic" argument against CSR is perhaps most closely
associated with the American economist Milton Friedman, who has argued that
the primary responsibility of business is to make a profit for its owners, albeit
while complying with the law. According to this view, the self-interested
actions of millions of participants in free markets will, from a utilitarian
perspective, lead to positive outcomes for society. If the operation of the free
market cannot solve a social problem, it becomes the responsibility of
government, not business, to address the issue.
Exhibit 1
Arguments For and Against CSR
FOR AGAINST
The rise of the modern corporation created
Taking on social and moral issues is
and continues to create many social
not economically feasible.
problems. Therefore, the corporate world
Corporations should focus on
should assume responsibility for
earning a profit for their shareholders
addressing these problems.
and leave social issues to others.
In the long run, it is in corporations' best
Assuming social responsibilities
interest to assume social responsibilities. It
places those corporations doing so at
will increase the chances that they will
a competitive disadvantage relative
have a future and reduce the chances of
to those who do not.
increased governmental regulation.
Large corporations have huge reserves of Those who are most capable should
human and financial capital. They should address social issues. Those in the
devote at least some of their resources to corporate world are not equipped to
addressing social issues. deal with social problems.
 ➢ SOCIAL ISSUES RELATED TO CSR
Corporations deal with a wide variety of social issues and problems, some
directly related to their operations, some not. It would not be possible to
adequately describe all of the social issues faced by business. This section will
briefly discuss three contemporary issues that are of major concern: the
environment, global issues, and technology issues. There are many others-

• ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
Corporations have long been criticized for their negative effect on the natural
environment in terms of wasting natural resources and contributing to
environmental problems such as pollution and global warming. The use of
fossil fuels is thought to contribute to global warming, and there is both
governmental and societal pressure on corporations to adhere to stricter
environmental standards and to voluntarily change production processes in
order to do less harm to the environment. Other issues related to the natural
environment include waste disposal, deforestation, acid rain, and land
degradation. It is likely that corporate responsibilities in this area will increase
in the coming years.

• GLOBAL ISSUES
Corporations increasingly operate in a global environment. The globalization of
business appears to be an irreversible trend, but there are many opponents to it.
Critics suggest that globalization leads to the exploitation of developing nations
and workers, destruction of the environment, and increased human rights
abuses. They also argue that globalization primarily benefits the wealthy and
widens the gap between the rich and the poor. Proponents of globalization
argue that open markets lead to increased standards of living for everyone,
higher wages for workers worldwide, and economic development in
impoverished nations. Many large corporations are multinational in scope and
will continue to face legal, social, and ethical issues brought on by the
increasing globalization of business.
Another issue in global business is the issue of marketing goods and services in
the international marketplace. Some U.S. companies, for example, have
marketed products in other countries after the products were banned in the
United States.
  TECHNOLOGY ISSUES
Another contemporary social issue relates to technology and its effect on
society. For example, the Internet has opened up many new avenues for
marketing goods and services, but has also opened up the possibility of abuse
by corporations. Issues of privacy and the security of confidential information
must be addressed. Biotechnology companies face questions related to the use
of embryonic stem cells, genetic engineering, and cloning. All of these issues
have far-reaching societal and ethical implications. As our technological
capabilities continue to advance, it is likely that the responsibilities of
corporations in this area will increase dramatically.
“Corporate social responsibility is a complex topic. There is no question that
the legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations placed on businesses are
greater than ever before. Few companies totally disregard social issues and
problems. Most purport to pursue not only the goal of increased revenues and
profits, but also the goal of community and societal betterment”.
Research suggests that those corporations that develop a reputation as being
socially responsive and ethical enjoy higher levels of performance. However,
the ultimate motivation for corporations to practice social responsibility should
not be a financial motivation, but a moral and ethical one.

 REVIEW OF LITERATURE

This segment presents a review of professional literatures and

studies related to the present study.

 ➢ CSR and the strait-jacket of economic rationality

Simon B. Brooks. The International Journal of Sociology and

Social Policy. Patrington: 2010. Vol. 30, Iss. 11/12; pg. 604
MR. SIMON B. BROOKS CONCLUDES THAT-
“ The purpose of this paper is to argue that the corporate social responsibility
(CSR) discourse has taken a wrong turn in its historical development, which
risks a restriction of our thinking”.
Design/methodology/approach - The paper has two main sections followed
by a concluding discussion. First, the way in which even proponents of CSR
have allowed a search for a link between engagement in CSR and firm
performance to become a predominant strand of the debate is explored. Second,
the way that economic rationality has developed through the sociology of
economic behaviour is examined to provide a novel lens through which to view
CSR. The paper concludes by calling for a re-moralised CSR, reminding one
that economic activity is embedded in social relations.
Originality/value - Attempts to critique CSR through lenses afforded by
sociology are comparatively rare. This paper shows how the true nature of
predominant preoccupations in the mainly business-related debates on CSR can
be more openly seen as being economically rational when examined using
theoretical frames and language from sociology.

➢ WElFARE MIX, CSR AND SOCIAL CITIZENSHIP

Luis Moreno. The International Journal of Sociology and Social
Policy. Patrington: 2010. Vol. 30, Iss. 11/12; pg. 683
LUIS MORENO RESEARCH STATES THAT-
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to reflect on those "meeting points" and
"encountering places" where the action of individuals, families, corporations,
NGOs and public policies can optimize the advancement of social citizenship
within the European context.
Design/methodology/approach - An analysis of the worlds of welfare
capitalism is contrasted with a corporate social responsibility (CSR) typology of
policy governance. It serves the purpose of highlighting not only institutional
arrangements and operational welfare rationales, but also value-systems and
cultural tenets shaping commonalities and diversities in public policy
governance in the European Union.
Findings - Considerations are made on the impacts that both the global order
and the "new social risks" (NSR) have for the promotion of CSR and the
advancement of social citizenship. The case of the reconciliation of work and
family life illustrates how CSR might induce a greater role for businesses in
welfare development. Research limitations/implications - Further research is
needed to establish the linkages between the welfare regime approach and the
models of public policy supports for CSR. Originality/value - The paper is
original in its theoretical linking of welfare mix, CSR and social citizenship
with regard to the improvement of citizens' living conditions.

➢ CSR and the "undeserving": a role for the state, civil

society and business?

Carole Parkes, Judy Scully, Susan Anson. The International Journal of

Sociology and Social Policy. Patrington: 2010. Vol. 30, Iss. 11/12; pg. 697
MR.CAROLE PARKES&SUSAN ANSON RESEARCH
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the conceptual lens
of corporate social responsibility (CSR), business and civil society can be used
to explore "less popular causes" (in this case, a community-based public sector
empirical study of initiatives with offenders) and, in particular, respond to the
question used by Walzer "In which society can lives be best led?"
Design/methodology/approach - This is a formative and summative
evaluation study of a National Offender Management "community payback"
offender scheme based in the UK using a mixed method, predominantly
qualitative approach that integrates theory and practice.
Findings - The paper finds that citizenship actions of front-line public sector
employees, working in partnership with other agencies in the community,
embody the essence of Walzer's notion of CSR and civil society by going
beyond the call of duty to provide additional training and moral support for the
community offenders. Originality/value - The paper contributes towards an
understanding of how CSR and civil society debates can inform wider aspects
of public policy and business through its application to areas of society that are
perceived to be "challenging" and "undeserving".
 ➢ The glass ceiling of corporate social responsibility;
Consequences of a business case approach towards
CSR

André H.J. Nijhof, Ronald J.M. Jeurissen. The International Journal

of Sociology and Social Policy. Patrington: 2010. Vol. 30, Iss. 11/12;
pg. 618
MR.ANDRE H.J. NIJHOF RESEARCH
Purpose - This paper aims to clarify that corporate social responsibility (CSR)
has come a long way by the prevailing business case approach, but increasingly
hits a glass ceiling. The glass ceiling metaphor refers to the inherent limitations
created by a business case approach towards CSR.
Design/methodology/approach - The main findings are based on an analysis
of existing literature on strategies for CSR. The findings are illustrated with a
case from the Dutch National Research Program on CSR.
Findings - The very term corporate social responsibility suggests that the
debate about CSR is all about responsibilities of
corporations. Maybe it once was, but nowadays it is much more about new
market opportunities and a business-wise approach to ecological and social
problems. CSR has evolved into a marketable asset of companies, in which
profit-oriented managers and entrepreneurs are willing to invest. This
"commodification" of CSR has helped to make it acceptable in the business
world, but this comes at a considerable price from the perspective of the social
responsibility of business. It is especially argued in the paper that a business
case approach results in opportunism, leaves institutional blockades intact and
drives out the intrinsic motivation for engaging in CSR.

➢ Sleep Research; Research reports from University of

Toronto provide new insights into sleep research

Anonymous. Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week. Atlanta: Oct 16, 2010. pg.
204
SLEEP’S RESEARCH EMPHASIZES
They hypothesized that energy expenditure (VO2) is influenced by the rate of
accumulation of sleep deficit in rats. Six Sprague-Dawley rats underwent
chronic sleep-restriction (CSR, 6-h sleep opportunity at ZT0-6 for 10 days) and
stimulus-control protocols (CON, 12-h sleep opportunity for 10 days, matched
number of stimuli) in a balanced cross-over design. Four additional rats
underwent TSD (4 days). Sleep was manipulated using a motor-driven walking
wheel. Electroencephalography, electromyography, and body temperature were
measured by telemetry, and VO2, by respirometry. Total sleep deficits of 55.1
+-6.4 hours, 31.8 +-6.8 hours, and 38.2 +-2.3 hours accumulated over the CSR,
CON, and TSD protocols, respectively. Responses to TSD confirmed previous
reports of elevated VO2 and body temperature. These responses were
attenuated in CSR, despite a greater cumulative sleep deficit.

➢ Pediatrics; Research on pediatrics discussed by F.R.

Khan and co-researchers

Anonymous. Pediatrics Week. Atlanta: Oct 16, 2010. pg. 290

MR. F.R.KHAN AND HIS CO-RESEARCHERS CONCLUDES THAT
The researchers concluded:
"This leads to a suggested reconfiguration of CSR from a post-colonial
perspective insistent on an inclusive 'bottom-up', 'reversed engineered'
approach, wherein CSR problems are traced back to Western multinational
corporations' policies and practices."
According to a study from Lahore, Pakistan, "A field study focused on a
Western-led Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) intervention into Pakistan's
soccer ball industry is used to explore the dynamics surrounding local Non-
Governmental Organization (NGO) staff charged with implementation. Those
dynamics include the post-colonial conditions pervasive in Third World
contexts that frame the perception, interpretation, and reaction to Western
interventions."
"NGO staff must navigate these conditions, which impel them into multiple
subject positions and contradictory rationalities resulting in unsatisfactory
experiences. Like many Western-led interventions resting on universalistic,
paternalistic, de-contextualizing, and atomistic assumptions, this one brought
negative unintended consequences," wrote F.R. Khan and colleagues.
 ➢ Rethinking the role of corporate social responsibility
in the Nigerian oil conflict: The limits of CSR
Uwafiokun Idemudia. Journal of International Development. Chichester:
Oct 2010. Vol. 22, Iss. 7; pg. 833
ACCORDING TO THIS RESEARCH
The widespread adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by oil
multinational corporations (MNCs) in Nigeria supposedly marked a watershed
in corporate-community relations in the Niger Delta. This is because, after
decades of initially rejecting such responsibilities, oil MNCs reversal of attitude
towards CSR was expected to at least tamper the scale and intensity of violence.
However, despite such widespread claims of adherence to the ideals of CSR,
corporate-community conflict has remained unabated and oil companies
continue to be accused of familiar misdemeanour. This paper argued that
structural and systemic deficiencies inherent in CSR practices limit the
effectiveness of CSR as a vehicle for conflict prevention and reduction in the
Niger Delta. The paper concludes by considering the implications for CSR-
conflict nexuses in the Nigerian oil industry.

➢ Predictors and outcomes of Corporate Social

Responsibility: a research framework

Pavlos A Vlachos. International Journal of Business Governance

and Ethics. Olney: 2010. Vol. 5, Iss. 4; pg. 343
THIS REASEARCH STATES THAT
In this study, I propose a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) research model
focusing on the impacts of CSR on stakeholder perceptions and company
outcomes. Research questions posited mainly involve a quadripartite view of
the impacts of CSR. I propose a stakeholder-centric model of CSR
conceptualising the factors that make company stakeholders to form
assessments of CSR initiatives. Specifically, I argue that the impacts of CSR on
stakeholder perceptions should be investigated using perspectives from
individual-, company-, policy-, and country-level factors. Moreover, I use the
relationship marketing literature, to suggest a route through which CSR likely
translates into innovation.
 305 PQ REVERSE_CHRO 1286977436

➢ Volunteering and the evolution to community action

learning

Julie Perigo. Industrial and Commercial Training. Guilsborough: 2010.

Vol. 42, Iss. 7; pg. 351
MR. JULIE PERIGO’S RESEARCH CONCLUDES
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore and explain the benefits of
centring learning and development initiatives around charity projects, whether
as part of an organisation's community engagement/corporate social
responsibility (CSR) strategy and/or as a sensible way to pool internal budgets
for practical and identifiable return on investment (community action learning).
It also aims to highlight the importance of understanding both the business' and
the charities' motivations, expectations and capabilities about the process, in
order to maximise success for all parties.
Design/methodology/approach - The paper examines the range of benefits of
choosing charity or community projects as a "live" vehicle for learning and
development, then identifies common misconceptions, assumptions and
mismanagement issues concerning the charity project-learning link, and offers
helpful strategies to gain the best outcomes for all parties concerned.
Findings - There is a growing interest in the value of action learning, in CSR
and community engagement, and in developing leaders who recognise the
responsibility for how their business activities impact on society and the
environment. However, the option to link them all through charity projects is
still under-utilised, and commonly misunderstood and mismanaged. This paper
demonstrates that there are methodologies and best practice that can be
employed, by both charities and commercial organisations, which break
through preconceived ideas about the concept and gain the best tangible results
all round.
 ➢ An overview of CSR in the renewable energy sector;
Examples from the Masdar Initiative in Abu Dhabi
Toufic Mezher, Samer Tabbara, Nawal Al Hosani. Management of
Environmental Quality. Bradford: 2010. Vol. 21, Iss. 6; pg. 744
THE RESEARCHERS CONCLUDES THAT
Purpose - The purpose of this paper is the introduce corporate social
responsibility (CSR) in Abu Dhabi, the biggest Emirate and one with the largest
oil reserve in United Arab Emirates (UAE). Abu Dhabi set the first renewable
energy policy in the region in January 2009. The policy calls for at least 7
percent of Abu Dhabi's power generation capacity to come from renewable
energy sources by 2020. In 2006, the leadership of Abu Dhabi made a strategic
decision to establish a globally competitive renewable energy sector in the
country and hence the Masdar Initiative was created. It is driven by the Abu
Dhabi Future Energy Company (ADFEC), also called Masdar.
Design/methodology/approach - The paper focuses on the corporate social
responsibility of Masdar and the role the firm is playing as the "prime mover"
in the renewable energy sector in UAE and the region. The paper is structured
in the following manner. First, the literature on corporate social responsibility is
reviewed. Second, the environmental challenges of UAE are highlighted. Third,
the paper discusses the different business units of Masdar and their related
projects and investments at local, regional and global levels. Finally, the role of
ADFEC as a "prime mover" in sustainability and corporate social responsibility
is highlighted.
Findings - Masdar has taken leadership in CSR and sustainable energy
technologies in Abu Dhabi, UAE and the region. Originality/value - The case
demonstrates the willingness of oil-producing countries to become more
sustainable and to do something about climate change. The Masdar Initiative,
which includes the first carbon-neutral city, can be regarded as a benchmark for
future similar projects in the region and around the world.
 ➢ Science; Research from University of Wollongong,
Faculty of Arts provides new data about science

Anonymous. Science Letter. Atlanta: Oct 5, 2010. pg. 2538

ACCORDING TO THIS RESEARCH
The researchers concluded: "Available evidence does not support the
assumption that CSR practices provide sufficient protection for both citizen and
foreign workers on contract in the garment industry."
According to recent research from Australia, In the last decade factory owners,
in response to brand-name Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) parameters,
have joined associations that verify (through a monitoring and audit system)
that management does not exploit labour. There have been no reports of
violations of codes of conduct concerning Malaysian workers but for foreign
workers on contract there are certain areas that have been reported."
"These areas, including trade union membership, the withholding of workers'
passports and unsuitable accommodation, generally escape notice because
auditors who monitor factory compliance do not question the terms of contracts
as long as they comply with national labour standards. This paper is based on
research with foreign workers in Malaysia and argues that despite the success
of the anti-sweatshop movement in a global context, the neo-liberal state in
Malaysia continues to place certain restrictions on transnational labour migrants
which breach garment industry codes of conduct," wrote V. Crinis and
colleagues, University of Wollongong, Faculty of Arts.
Publisher contact information for the Journal of Contemporary Asia is: J
Contemporary Asia, PO Box 592, Manila 2800, Philippines.
This article was prepared by Science Letter editors from staff and other reports.

➢ CSR is gaining ground in Lebanon

Anonymous. Al Bawaba. London: Oct 14, 2010.

THIS RESEARCH ABOUT CSR STATES THAT
Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) has started to gain grounds in Lebanon
as several organizations began to realize the importance of CSR strategies for
business continuity and sustainability. Although focusing on community issues
is not a new phenomenon, companies are becoming more aware of the need to
be responsible towards the economy, society, environment, and human
welfare.CSR professionals and business leaders will gather next December in
Beirut to share their thoughts and experience on the practical implementation of
CSR programs that have contributed to the enhancement of business practices.
The conference is organized by World Trade Center Beirut (WTC) and United
Management Bureau (UMB). The first edition of Lebanon's annual Corporate
Social Responsibility (CSR) Conference (www.csr-event.com) will be held
under the theme of "CSR: Unveiling the Moral Purpose of Business" on
Thursday 2nd of December, 2010.This nation-wide conference will help
consolidate CSR initiatives and set the momentum for Corporate Social
Responsibility in Lebanon. The event is expected to stimulate the growth of
social responsibility culture in organizations to ensure sustainable future. The
Conference will cover CSR trends in Lebanon and the region from its strategic
conception to implementation.

Manila Aura Marie P. Dagcutan: Oct 8,

2010. THIS ARTICLE CONCLUDES THAT"Empowering the
community" can help companies improve customer satisfaction
aside from becoming an effective business strategy, according
to winners of the Management Association of the Philippines'
(MAP) "corporate and social responsibility (CSR) leadership
challenge." Virgilio C. Rivera, group director for regulation and
corporate development of Manila Water Co., Inc., said in a MAP
forum the social and environmental objectives of a company
should be aligned with the goals of its CSR projects."When we
implement the project Tubig Parasa Barangay or Water for
Low-Income Communities, we are not thinking of doing
business, but also improving the supply of water in these
deprived areas," he said. Mr. Rivera noted that a customer
from a marginalized community spends P7 per cubic meter of
water. Helping these communities gain access to clean water is
"increasing the standard of their living a notch higher," he said.
"We have served 1.7 million people from these marginalized communities as of
this year. This effort also improves our service and water accessibility in the
country," he added.
Elizabeth Melchor, vice-president for planning and development of Far Eastern
University (FEU) said encouraging students to join community projects enable
them to "realize their potential of becoming leaders."
"As our students become involved in our CSR activities such as tamaraw
counting in Mindoro, we are helping them to increase awareness in the
environmental issues," she said.
"These initiatives make our students realize that they can make a difference and
find solutions to problems," she said.

 Business-NGO Interactions in a Multi-Stakeholder

Context

Mariette van Huijstee, Pieter Glasbergen.

Business and Society Review. New York: Fall
2010. Vol. 115, Iss. 3; pg. 249
THIS RESEARCH REVIEW CONCLUDES CSR
The main purpose of this paper is to contribute to our understanding of the
conditions under which Business-nongovernmental organization (NGO)
interactions lead to improvements in corporate social responsibility (CSR), by
assessing the role that the stakeholder context of the firm plays in the processes.
As a case study it takes an interaction process between one NGO and one
company with both collaborative and confrontational traits, spanning eight
years and two issue fields, palm oil and soy, which are characterized by varying
stakeholder contexts. The analysis demonstrates that the business-NGO
interaction induced a change from a direct to an indirect corporate
responsibility, and clarifies how interdependencies between the company and
other stakeholders than the NGO influenced the interaction. The stakeholder
interdependencies vary per issue field: In some issue fields, the stakeholder
context allows for effective, collaborative interaction between business and
NGO, while in another issue field, characterized by different stakeholder
interdependencies, collaborative, constructive interaction between the same
business and the same NGO is not feasible and, in addition, less effective in
terms of CSR than confrontational interaction.
 REFERENCES
• Docum ○ http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
ent did=2152168851&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=129893&RQT=3
URL: 09&VName=PQD

• Docum ○ http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
entUR did=2152168901&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=129893&RQT=3
L: 09&VName=PQD

• Document URL:http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
index=3&did=2152168911&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=P
QD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1286972070&clientId=129893

• Document URL: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?

index=6&did=2152168861&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&R
QT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1286972070&clientId=129893

• Docume http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
nt URL: did=2154967181&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=129893&RQT=309&VName=PQD

• Docume ○ http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
nt URL: did=2156432061&sid=1&Fmt=7&clientId=129893&RQT=309&
VName=PQD

○ ○

• Docume ○ http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
nt URL: did=2146428801&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=129893&RQT=309&
VName=PQD
• Docume
nt URL: ○ http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
did=2160004271&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=129893&RQT=309&
VName=PQD

• Docume ○ http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
ntt URL: did=2157890671&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=129893&RQT=309&
VName=PQD
• Document URL: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
did=2152229411&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=129893&RQT=309&VName=PQD
• Document URL:http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
did=2150575351&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=129893&RQT=309&VName=PQD
• Document URL:http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
did=2162569141&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=129893&RQT=309&VName=PQD
• Document URL:http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
did=2159326371&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=129893&RQT=309&VName=PQD
• Document URL:http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?
did=2144017531&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=129893&RQT=309&VName=PQD
  CONCLUSION
There are several arguments in favor of corporate social responsibility. One
view, held by critics of the corporate world, is that since large corporations
create many social problems, they should attempt to address and solve them.
Those holding this view criticize the production, marketing, accounting, and
environmental practices of corporations. They suggest that corporations can do
a better job of producing quality, safe products, and in conducting their
operations in an open and honest manner.
A very different argument in favor of corporate social responsibility is the
"self-interest" argument. This is a long-term perspective that suggests
corporations should conduct themselves in such a way in the present as to
assure themselves of a favorable operating environment in the future. This view
holds that companies must look beyond the short-term, bottom-line perspective
and realize that investments in society today will reap them benefits in the
future. Furthermore, it may be in the corporate world's best interests to engage
in socially responsive activities because, by doing so, the corporate world may
forestall governmental intervention in the form of new legislation and
regulation, according to Carroll and Buchholtz.
Finally, some suggest that businesses should assume social responsibilities
because they are among the few private entities that have the resources to do so.
The corporate world has some of the brightest minds in the world, and it
possesses tremendous financial resources. (Wal-Mart, for example, has annual
revenues that exceed the annual GNP of some countries.) Thus, businesses
should utilize some of their human and financial capital in order to "make the
world a better place."

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THANKS !
md.wasim alam