National University of Singapore Bachelor of Technology M213] — Fluid Mechanics II Tutorial Sheet 2 (Potential Flow) (1) For the following flow fields, sketch the streamline pattern, derive the stream function y, the vorticity and state whether the flow field is rotational or irrotational. (ayu=4, v=3x (b) u=4y, v= 4x (c)u =clr, 0 (du =0, v =clr Note: In Polar coordinates, the vorticity is given by € (@ ¥ = 4 dy, rotational; (6) Y =~2x" +2y’, invotational;(c) ¥ = C8, irrotational (d)¥ =-Inr, irrotational] Repeat Question (1) and determine the velocity potential ® (if any) for cach of the flow field. [(a)®doesnotexist; (by = 4xy;(c)P = CInr;(d)® = C8], A tornado may be idealized as a potential vortex with a rotational “eye” or core which behaves approximately as a solid body. A rough rule of thumb is that the radius of the eye is of the order of 30m. How does the pressure vary along the ground around the “eye”? For a tornado with a maximum wind velocity of 50 m/s, what is the maximum drop in pressure? This underpressure is partly responsible for the lifting of roofs and of the damage inflicted by tornadoes. [- 1500 Nim? ] A sink of strength of 20 m/s is situated 3 m upstream of a source of 40 m’/s, ina uniform irrotational stream. It is found that at the point 2.5 m equidistant from source and sink, the local velocity is normal to the line joining the source and sink Find the velocity at this point and the velocity of the undisturbed stream, I v= 1.02 mis: U = 2.29 m/s]An incompressible flow is characterized by the stream function. W=3xy-y'. (a) Show that this flow is irrotational. (b) Show that the magnitude of the velocity at any point in this flow depends only on its distance from the origin of co-ordinates. (c) Sketch a few streamlines for this flow in the quadrant x > 0, y > 0, (d) Determine the potential function for this flow and show that the lines of constant wand © are orthogonal. A two dimensional vortex of circulation [ moves under its own induction in a region bounded by a solid wall on the positive x axis and a solid wall on the positive y axis. At certain instant the vortex centre is at the point (h, h). Find the velocity distribution along either wall and the velocity induced at the vortex centre. [ Velocity distribution = H4Y___1 _ z[k +(x-hy Induced velocity = — at 135°], DA Shah Tan /Fek D002Question f Date he For the following flow fields. sketch the flow field. derive the stream function @ . th vorticity and state whether the flow field is rotational or irrotational. i a) u=4. yodx b) u=4y v=4x _ | e) wee Ve =0 ¢) vy = Ve= = t : oo | — a =o — sear OO ed I at ee yy ep se ty ft) ) ay \pvz ay 7 2F = 3x => per epEy)}fer “¢ro jha td = Oe! LEKO roationa«) ie Za . _— 7 eg oe F226 oF =p pacar fi) : — = 2t 0 =p ¢= fle)6 ptlerie. Gs SPY bamtecé 15 A fe Yorttats we use- JEgodepie Ca) atweQuestion 2 oo (2) “#4, V=3x 0eSe. ....ve 22 Oy = iss at eae 26.4 =e P24N tf) Po ae “ => p does nof eXxst Because -ha flow ay" 3x se p= 3xy +09 (5 rofetionas (5) eae, we FR. +. ee (Bb. ty op bax +f). OS ax / a ep Ba dxy E+ Ax =e B= mate TE | / 2 Ble or -aS = pe ch r+ fe) re = - wesc pee bo od / $2820 —— la}oe 2. [Oe r \ ae a W wW 3 Naw ae el sep d2corfa)) —Glueston 3 i A tornado may be idealised as a potential vortex with a rotational “eye” or core which behaves approximately as a solid body. A rough rule of thumb is that the radius of the eve is of the order of 30 m. _ How does the pressure vary along the ground around the “eye”? For a tormado with a maximum wind velocity of 50 m/s, what is the maximum drop in pressure? This underpressure is partly responsible for the lifting of roofs and of the damage inflicted by tomados. = Vortex Core AN i

3th,Question 4- ihe ie A sink of strength 20 m/s is situated 3 m upstream of a source of 40 m/s. in an unifon irrotational stream. It is found that at the point 2.5 m equidistant from source and sink. th local velocity is normal to the line joining the source and sink. Find the velocity at this poir and the velocity of the undisturbed stream. Pew fe Spe = ur sR S7 Be 2. 55 mis — _ = Ur = - 7)? _ _ 20 = AQP mfs _ LTT 2t (2.5) At @, AIO A price Ash ae, oF Vitloccty a _ 2 Ue = Ui Cos@ + US CosOQuestion 5 Biss . An incompressible flaw is characterised by the stream function { wea’y-y" a) Show that this flow is irrotational. b) Show that the magnitude of the velocity at any point in this flow depends only an its __ distance from the origin of coordinates, c) Sketch a few streamlines for this flow in the quadrant x > Q. y >0. —————_+- 4d) Determine the potential function for this flow and show that the lines of constant = — and 9 are orthogonal. (2 t t ee - Le ae Bx- 3y* =a — vem ax SS 624 ‘ — i Conky ~ Boe by —_ | | Bad Vorbrechy = (ge Be \= Gey rey) =O C.. Fx flow 20. 5 —Mapesiuce G yeboafy at any Dont Tr ate ee + [GX 37) “pbi a arate apr e ae poed ALOR LAY Pg +36 2g] = aL CH 397). ode = 30049) St. ©) Fe plot Pxke Stresuiinas a A = BX RY dae A C=O te FO — ae (> Fae eat 7 —_ 3 — fev Ce! oo q y¥ Yo ab OTF clk20 a Y= V3B% ae ~xe Chole: postive. guactyaty 22ly. y) ¢z0 —orpanay. @)_4£ — a — P= APR —_— ul tke Potential qfunctrod = Be x7- 3Yx See ee)Afferent BOE We Fi Be 2 Bere = 6x4 Ge ayo ely 2 Gx iy). a ag _ aN Since —— Cool Ch ye ———— aT. (Keg aw. art hoponet. yt Bey StayQuestion — 6 i A two dimensional vortex of circulation T moves under its own induction i 2 | bounded by a solid wall on the positive x axis and a solid wall on the positive x axis | certain instant the vortex centre is at the point (h. h). Find the velocity distribe:sn = eae __| either wall and the velocity induced at the vortex centre. Ferion ey fKs yeboty clizWibution aten tt tence ae wpticeg oF 2 3, £ 4 6(a)De fiae” Vetoait alg. Wall (pn fe 9 aLuwsetion tI. hie rr?ee Hie th AA V2