CHP1-2 e

EAS 152 : Tension, Compression and Shear
EAS152 Strength of Materials 1

EAS 152 : Tension, compression and shear
Shear stress and strain
- Example of a bolt connection
action of clevis C on shear action on the bolt

the bolt due to load P
action of plate
A on the bolt
©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used
shear stress over the
herein under license.
cross-section of the bolt
The tendency to shear the

bolt in the direction
parallel to the cross-
section of the bolt is
called shear action.
Shear force V acts on the
cross-section in the
direction parallel to the
cross-sectional area.
©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Shear force V is resultant

of shear stress τ which is
distributed over the
cross-section.
Shear stress :
τ=V/A
where A : area of the cross-
section where V acts

Shear action here is known

as double shear because
there are two shear planes
in the bolt, i.e. mn and pq.
For the case of Double
Shear :
V = P/2
∴ τ = P/(2A)

Shear action here is known

as Single Shear because
there is only one shear plane
in the bolt, i.e. mn.
In the case of Single Shear :
V=P
∴ τ = P/A
©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a

trademark used herein under license.

τ = V /A
Shear stress Area of shear plane

Unit for shear stress :
N/m2, N/mm2, MPa Shear force

σ = P /A τ = V /A
: acts in the : acts in the
direction direction parallel
perpendicular to to the cross-
cross-sectional area sectional area

©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark

used herein under license.
An example of a bolt which fails due to shear

Shear strain
δ :
δ/L:
An element under the action of
ε = δ/L
Distortion of element due
pure shear (without normal stress)
to action of shear stress
©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Shear strain
Shear action will cause the shape of
the element pqrs which is initially
rectangular to change to rhombus.
As a result, angle at s and q
changes from π/2 to π/2-γ. At the
same time, angle at p and r changes
from π/2 to π/2+γ. The angle γ is a
measure of distortion, or
deformation of element due to shear.

EAS 152 : Tension, shear and compression
Shear strain
The angle γ is called SHEAR

STRAIN.
Shear strain is normally measured in
terms of degree or radian.

©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson

Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.
©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of
Normal stress
Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson
Learning™ is a trademark used herein
under license.
Shear stress
Stresses that occur IN a body

Action with label 1, 2 and

3 which occurs over
contact surface is known
as bearing action. The
stress which is distributed
over the bearing surface
is called bearing stress.


Bearing stress :
σb=Fb/Ab
where Fb : bearing force , Ab: area of
beaing surface
Ab = projected area of the contact
surface which is curved
If tc=thickness of clevis , tp=thickness
of plate and D=diameter of bolt,
for parts with label 1 and 3 :
Fb = P/2 ; A b = D tc
σ b = P / (2Dtc )

for part with label 2 :

Fb = P ; A b = D tP
σ b = P / (D tP )


σb = Fb /Ab D
t
Bearing stress
Bearing area
(projected area of
Bearing force the actual contact
surface which is
curved)

σb = Fb /Ab ; Ab = Area of bearing surface
Ab
D
Ab D
t
t
Di
ac rec
fo tion tion
rce o o
fb f
ea
ri ng

Example 1-4 : Pinned connection between a strut
and a base plate
Strut S is subjected to a
compressive force of P=54kN.
The cross-section of S is a tube
with wall thickness t=12mm.
The strut is inclined at an angle of
θ=40° with the horizontal plane.
Compressive force P is
transmitted to gusset G through a
pin. The diameter of the pin is
dpin=18mm and the thickness of
gusset G is tG=15mm. Gusset G
is connected to the base plates by
means of welding.

Example 1-4 : (continue)
Base plate B is held to a deck with

4 bolts each having diameter of
dbolt=12 mm. The thickness of
the base plate is tB=8mm.
Determine :
a] bearing stress between strut
and pin, b] shear stress in pin, c]
bearing stress between pin and
gusset, d] bearing stress between
bolt and base plate, and e] shear
stress in the bolts.

Solution :
a] bearing stress between strut and
pin
σ b1=Fb1/Ab1
Fb1=P=54kN
Ab1=2 (t x dpin)= 2 (12x18)=432mm2
∴ σ b1= 54kN/432mm2 =125MPa


b] shear stress in pin

τ pin = V/A
V=P/2=27kN (double shear)
A=π dpin2/4= π182/4 = 81 π mm2
∴ τ pin= 27kN/81πmm2
=106.103MPa = 106 MPa


c] bearing stress between pin and

gusset
σ b2 = Fb2/Ab2
Fb2=P/2=27kN (two contact surfaces)
Ab2 =dpinx tG=18x15 = 270 mm2
∴ σ b2= 27kN/270mm2 = 100 MPa


d] bearing stress between bolts and

P base plate
40° σ b3 = Fb3/Ab3
Fb3=Pcos40°=54cos40° kN
(horizontal component of force P which is
transferred by means of bearing action
between bolts and base plate to the deck)
Ab3 =4dbolttB=4(8)(12)= 384 mm2

∴σ b3= 54cos40 ° kN/384mm2
= 107.725 MPa = 108 MPa

e] shear stress in bolts

P
τ bolt = V/A
40° V=Pcos40°=54cos40° kN
(total shear force acting on the group of 4
bolts)
A =4πdbolt2/4=4π (12)2/4 =452.389

mm2 (total cross-sectional area of 4 bolts)
∴τ bolt= 54cos40 ° kN/452.389mm2
= 91.440 MPa = 91.4 MPa

Example 1.5 : An angle bracket subjected to distributed load
A bracket with thickness t=12 mm is

connected to the flange of a column with
two bolts each having diameter of

dbolt=15mm. A uniformly distributed load

of intensity p=2.0MPa acts on the upper
surface of the bracket. The length and
width of the upper surface of the bracket
are L=150mm and b=60mm, respectively.
Determine : i) the bearing stress
between the bracket and the bolts and ii)
the shear stress in the bolts.

Example 1.5 : (continue)
Solution :
i) Bearing stress between the bracket

and the bolts

σ b = Fb/Ab
Fb = p L b = 2MPa(150)(60)mm2=
18kN (resultant force acting on the upper
face of the bracket)
Ab= 2 d t = 2(15)(12) =360 mm2
∴ σ b = 18 kN/360 mm2 = 50.0 MPa

Example 1.5 : (continue)
Solution :
ii) Shear stress in bolts

τ ave = V/A
V= p L b = 2MPa(150)(60)mm2= 18kN
(resultant force acting on the upper face of the
bracket)
A= 2πd2/4 = 2π (15)2/4 = 112.5 π mm2

∴ τ ave = 18 kN/ 112.5 π mm2 = 50.9 MPa

Example 1.6
The above connection consists of 5 steel plate which is held together

by a bolt. The thickness of each plate is t=5mm and the diameter of
the bolt is d=6mm. The total load transferred through the connection
is 6000kN which is distributed among the plates in the way shown in
the figure.
Determine a] maximum shear stress in the bolt ; and b] maximum
bearing stress on the bolt.

Example 1.6
Solution :
1800 N 1800 N
a] maximum shear stress in the bolt
Shear force : 3000 N
a 1800 N
3000 N a
b b over section a-a : 1800 N
2400 N
over section b-b : 1200 N
3000 N
1800 N
∴ maximum shear force, V MAX=1800 N
FBD of the bolt
Example 1.6
Solution :
a 1800 N τ MAX=VMAX/A
3000 N a
b b V MAX=1800 N
2400 N
A=πd2/4=π (6)2/4 = 9π mm2
3000 N
1800 N
∴ τ MAX= 1800 N / (9π mm2) = 63.7MPa
FBD of the bolt
Example 1.6
b] maximum bearing stress on the bolt
a 1800 N σ b,MAX=FMAX/A
3000 N a
b b F MAX=3000 N
2400 N
3000 N A=d t =(6)(5) = 30 mm2
1800 N
∴ σ b.MAX= 3000 N / (30 mm2) = 100MPa
FBD of the bolt

Some exercises

Exercise 1
i. Shear stress in the plate ?

ii. Compressive stress in the
punch ?
P=120kN
d=20mm
=6mm


Exercise 2
Given :
P=22kN
diameter of bolts, d=15mm
thickness of gusset plate, t=6mm
i) Shear stress in the bolts ?

i) Bearing stress between the
bolt and the plate ?
©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a

trademark used herein under license.

Exercise 3
Given :
diameter of pin, d=18mm
i) Shear stress in pin ?

ii) Bearing stress between
pin and steel plate ?
2m
Steel plate
*Note: Unit weight of steel, γ=77kN/m3
( 2.5m x 1.25m x 100mm )


Solutions

Exercise 1 :
Solution :
- shear stress in the plate
τ ave = V/A
V = P = 120kN
A =π d t = π (20)(6) =120π mm2
∴τ ave = 120,000 N/ 120π mm2
= 318.3 N/mm2


Solution :
- Compressive stress in the punch
σ C = P/A
P = 120kN
A =Apunch = π d2/4 =π(20)2/4 mm2
= 100π mm2
∴σ C = 120000 N/ 100π mm2
= 382.0 N/mm2

More exercises

Exercise 3
EAS152 Strength of Materials

41

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EAS 152 : Tension, Compression and Shear

EAS152 Strength of Materials 1

action of clevis C on shear action on the bolt

The tendency to shear the

EAS152 Strength of Materials 3

Shear force V is resultant

EAS152 Strength of Materials 4

Shear action here is known

EAS152 Strength of Materials 5

Shear action here is known

©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a

EAS152 Strength of Materials 6

Shear stress Area of shear plane

N/m2, N/mm2, MPa Shear force

EAS152 Strength of Materials 7

EAS152 Strength of Materials 8

©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark

An example of a bolt which fails due to shear

EAS152 Strength of Materials 9

EAS152 Strength of Materials 10

EAS152 Strength of Materials 11

The angle γ is called SHEAR

EAS152 Strength of Materials 12

©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson

Stresses that occur IN a body

EAS152 Strength of Materials 13

Action with label 1, 2 and

©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

EAS152 Strength of Materials 14

EAS152 Strength of Materials 15

for part with label 2 :

©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc.

EAS152 Strength of Materials 16

EAS152 Strength of Materials 17

EAS152 Strength of Materials 18

EAS152 Strength of Materials 19

Base plate B is held to a deck with

EAS152 Strength of Materials 20

©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson

EAS152 Strength of Materials 21

b] shear stress in pin

©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson

EAS152 Strength of Materials 22

c] bearing stress between pin and

©2001 Brooks/Cole, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson

EAS152 Strength of Materials 23

d] bearing stress between bolts and

Ab3 =4dbolttB=4(8)(12)= 384 mm2

EAS152 Strength of Materials 24

e] shear stress in bolts

A =4πdbolt2/4=4π (12)2/4 =452.389

EAS152 Strength of Materials 25

A bracket with thickness t=12 mm is

two bolts each having diameter of

dbolt=15mm. A uniformly distributed load

EAS152 Strength of Materials 26

i) Bearing stress between the bracket

and the bolts

EAS152 Strength of Materials 27

ii) Shear stress in bolts

A= 2πd2/4 = 2π (15)2/4 = 112.5 π mm2

EAS152 Strength of Materials 28