HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ELECTICAL – ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION
PFIEV PROGRAM
---------------o0o---------------

GRADUATION THESIS

REMOTE CONTROL AND

MONITORING SYSTEM VIA SMS AND
INTERNET

Instructor: PhD. Hoang Dinh Chien

Student: Le Phuc Hoang
Student: Phan Tuan Duong

HCM, July 2009

1
Abstract
This thesis consists of five parts. In the first part, we present block diagram of control
circuits and models connection to connect these circuits with computer at the
processing center through infrastructure mobile network or internet network.
Programming algorithms for the microcontrollers in these circuits will be presented in
Part II. The most important part, communicating with the phone (PC vs. Phone,
Microcontroller vs. Phone), to access reality through infrastructure
telecommunications network is presented in part III. Part IV will present more details
about connection in the system as in UART connection, RF connection, internet
connection (using Yahoo server or TCP socket). Chapter five will present results and
discussion.

I .Circuit block and model connection

1.1 Main circuit block diagram

[2] LCD [11]

[10] Extension circuit Display Phone

[6] Switch [1]Microcontroller [5] Relay block

block PIC16F877A

[7]
RS232 [3] Receive [4]Sensors block
RF block (thermal, pH..)

[9] PC
[8] Power Main circuit

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- The most important block in this circuit is [1] Microcontroller PIC16F877A (PIC),
coordinating activities of the remaining (control display ASCII characters on the LCD
display [1], the control switch (relay) [5], control serial communication via RS232[7],
process signals from the sensor block [4], and encode and decode for the RF link [3]

LCD display
Phone

PC/ RS23 Microcontroller Relay block

Main 2 PIC16F877
circuit

[3] Receive RF block (*) Sensor block

(thermal, pH…)

Extension
Power circuit

This block is similarly to the block of the main circuit, but there is no switch block
circuit. We can use this circuit independently with the main circuit, and the structure
of the sensor block (*) may be changed to connect with different sensors

1.2 The most simple connection model

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 Center PC Home
Mobile

Cell phone network

Remote Sensor
Mobile

Center PC connects with a cell phone (Home Mobile). Home Mobile will send
message containing commands (SMS) to Remote Mobile. Remote Mobile is a cell
phone connected with the board having sensors. This board collects parameters from
sensor, then transfers to Remote Mobile and Remote Mobile sends SMS containing
these parameters to Home Mobile. At home, Center PC reads SMS from Home
Mobile and processes data.

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1.3 The model connection with extended circuit using transmitter and receiver RF
modules or RS232

PC

Home Mobile

Remote mobile

RF
Extended
Remote Center Remote
Sensor [1] Sensor1 [3]

RS232

Extended Remote
sensor2 [2]

The blocks “Extended Remote Sensor1” and “Extended Remote Sensor2” are
extended blocks to enlarge the system. The details of RF link and RS232 link (UART
link) will be presented in Part IV.
Data from sensors in the block [1], [2], [3] will be send to center by remote mobile.
The SMS message received at Home Mobile will be processed by PC (storage and
graph)

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1.4 Model connection for collecting data from remote sensor using internet
Home
PC

Internet

RS232 Extended
RS232 Remote
Sensor1
Remote PC Remote
Center Extended
Sensor Remote
RS232 Sensor2

Target of this model: Saving cost for region which have internet

1.5 Replaced model for remote region while don’t have internet, but covered by
mobile network

Internet Home
PC

GPRS

Extended
Mobile Remote
Sensor1
Remote
Remote PC Center
Sensor Extended
Remote
Sensor2

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This model using GPRS (2G) network for connection sensors from remote area to
center

II. Algorithms for programming microcontroller in the board (center

board and extension board)
2.1 Center Board
We use model connection in section 1.4 for programming microcontroller in center
board (Because this is the most complicated model connection)

Start

No
Have RF
signal?

Yes

Save received
characters to
RF buffer

Process UART
buffer [a], and
delete it

No RF frame is
completed?

Yes

-Process RF
buffer[b]
And delete it

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Processing data in buffer RF (block [b]), buffer UART (block [a]).It means detach
data bytes in them, and save to third Buffer. After that waiting for certain time, or
trigger event caused by center (such as calling signal or arrival message signal from
center), to transmit data in that buffer to center by SMS

2.2 Extended circuit for main circuit

Start

Collecting data
from sensors and
save to buffer

No
Have
trigger
event?

Yes

Send data in buffer to

Board center (center circuit)

III. Protocols for connecting cell phone to PC or microcontroller

We use two types of protocol in this thesis, AT command and FBUS
protocol

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3.1 AT command
3.1.1 Some single AT commands used in communication with the cell phone
at+cbc? Get information about the pin status, to know when to cover the pin
at+gmm? Get information about your phone model, to select the appropriate AT
command set
at+cgmi? Get information about device‘s manufacturer
at+csq? Get information about the strength interference
at+cusd=1,"*101#" Get information about the amount in the account of SIM, for
the should recharge the SIM
at+csca? Retrieved number message center, used to sending message process
at+cpbr=1,25 Used to read the telephone directory from 1 to position 25
3.1.2 The combination of AT commands
- Combination of AT commands to read the last message in the device
at+cpms=”me” After this command we know the number of messages (X) have in the
phone
at+cmgf=1 Specify the message read in text format ( at+cmgf=0, PDU format)
at+cmgr=X After this command we have the last message in the device
Sample
at+cpms="me"
+CPMS: 18,70,7,30,18,70
OK
at+cmgf=1
OK
at+cmgr=18
+CMGR: "REC READ","+84936975464","MrChick","09/05/01,10:13:13+28"
Test doc noi dung tin nhan
OK
- Combination of commands to help read all messages
at+cpms="me” show out memory to read data is the device memory
(at+cpms="sm” show out memory to read data is the SIM memory)
at+cmgf=1 Specify the message read in text format
at+cmgl="all” Read all messages in the memory

- Combination of command to help read the message received from device

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 at+cnmi=2,1,0,0,0 Setting up the report when the message send to device
When a message come to device, the phone will output to COM port the following
text string
+CMTI: "ME",60
This string show that the message is saved in the position 60 in the phone (ME)
Similarly, if messages stored in SIM in position 60, the string returns form
+CMTI: "SM",60
Then we need to output the combination of the following to read the message in
text format
at+cpms=”me”
at+cmgf=1
at+cmgr=60
- Combination of command to delete message in the phone
Command delete messages in the position X in the device memory or SIM
memory
at+cpms=”me” (SIM memory: at+cpms=”sm”)
at+cmgd=X

3.2 FBUS protocol

3.2.1 General about FBUS protocol

The FBUS protocol is used in communication between phone and PC. We can also
use FBUS for communication between phone and microcontroller. FBUS bases in
packets for error control and management.

FBUS parameters
Speed: 115,200 bps
Bits: 8
Parity: None
Stop Bits: 1

3.2.2 General structure of a command in FBUS

1e: cable

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 S: source address
D: destination address
00: pc/ microcontroller address
0c: phone address
type: command type
len: number of octet from len to sq
body: content of command
sq: sequence packet number
0? Padding, if len is odd, octet 00 is added to frame
chk: checksum,, for checking error, 2 byte

3.2.3 Command from PC to phone, request send an SMS message to

3.2.4 Structure of ACK command from phone to PC

Type: type command of command needed to ack

IV. Details of the links in the system

4.1 UART connection
Circuit of conversion voltage level for connecting PC & Microcontroller

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Programming to establish communication between the controller and the computer is
important. The purpose is to transmit and receive command strings from PC to
microcontroller or from microcontroller to microcontroller
We use the following diagram for establish protocol communication

PC UART CENTER

UART UART

TERMINAL1 TERMINAL2

Detail of UART communication

Text string is transmitted to ASCII characters. Start a chain of characters ‘#‘, and
ended the series as characters ‘*’
To ease the process of communication between the computer-PIC, and PIC-PIC, we
defined a set of commands
PIC is always in the status of pending orders from the PC. When it receives the string
text from PC, it will split the command based on the characters ' # 'and' * '. After
separating out each command, PIC will in turn implement the commands
#ping* Use ping to check connection between circuits

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#1r1n* Use 1r1n to enable relay1 in TERMINAL1
#1r2n* Use 1r1n to enable relay2 in TERMINAL1
#1r1f* Use 1r1f to disable relay1 in TERMINAL1
#1r2f* Use 1r2f to disable relay2 in TERMINAL1
#1the* Request terminal1 send data about temperature to CENTER
#1r1s* Request TERMINAL1 send status of relay1 to CENTER
#1r2s* Request TERMINAL1 send status of relay2 to CENTER

#2r1n* Use 2r1n to enable relay1 in TERMINAL2

#2r2n* Use 2r1n to enable relay2 in TERMINAL2
#2r1f* Use 2r1f to disable relay1 in TERMINAL2
#2r2f* Use 2r2f to disable relay2 in TERMINAL2
#2the* Request terminal1 send data about temperature to CENTER
#2r1s* Request TERMINAL2 send status of relay1 to CENTER
#2r2s* Request TERMINAL2 send status of relay2 to CENTER

Algorithm for processing string in center board, and terminal board

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 Start

No
Have characters
come to COM
port?

Yes

Receive
character C

No -Output to lcd display

C=’#’ C=’*’ Yes -Process command in
Start=0 buffer
-Len=0
Yes No

Start=1 -Buffer[len]=C
Len=0 -Len=len+1

Len: length of buffer

Start=1: allowed to save characters to receive buffer
Start=0: not allowed to save characters to receive buffer

4.2 RF connectton
4.2.1 Using transmitter and receiver RF module to make RF connection

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 Figure 1 Receiver RF module
Figure 2 Transmitter RF module

Circuit for connecting to these modules

Figure 3 Connect to receiver module

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Figure 4 Connect to transmitter module

4.2.2 Programming to communicate in RF link

Two important parts in this session are:
-Transmit one byte (8 bits)
-Transmit many bytes (Frame)
Structure of one byte

Amplitude

Synchroniz Start byte Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit
e string 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Time

Structure of one frame

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Programming
Transmitter
- Transmit a byte
void truyen1(unsigned int8 x)
{
int i=0;

for(i=0;i<100;i++)
{
tx=0;delay_us(20);
tx=1;delay_us(20);
}

//byte start
tx=0;delay_ms(1);
tx=0;delay_ms(1);
tx=1;delay_ms(1);
tx=1;delay_ms(1);
tx=0;delay_ms(1);
tx=0;delay_ms(1);
tx=1;delay_ms(1);
tx=1;delay_ms(1);
//data

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 for(i=0;i<=7;i++){tx=(x&(1<<i))>>i;delay_ms(1);}
}
- Transmit a frame
Sample: string need to be transmitted is “1r1n”, programming code is:
Truyen1(‘#’);
Truyen1(‘1’);Truyen1(‘r’); Truyen1(‘1’); Truyen1(‘n’);
Truyen1(‘*’);
- Decoding in Receiver
To separate one byte data, circuit need to find the start byte. The following code
for the start byte (0b11001100) of the circuit
while(timnext0<8){
delay_us(150);
//vong1
if((rxrf==0)&&(timnext0==0)) {timnext0++;}
//vongtieptheo
if((timnext0>0) &&(timnext0<2)) { delay_ms(1);if(rxrf==0) {timnext0++;}
else {timnext0=0;}}
if((timnext0>=2) &&(timnext0<4)){ delay_ms(1);if(rxrf==1) {timnext0++;}
else {timnext0=0;}}
if((timnext0>=4) &&(timnext0<6)){ delay_ms(1);if(rxrf==0) {timnext0++;}
else {timnext0=0;}}
if((timnext0>=6) &&(timnext0<8)){ delay_ms(1);if(rxrf==1) {timnext0++;}
else {timnext0=0;}}
}
After finding the start byte , separating data byte is very easily
tong=0
for (i=0;i<=7;i++){
delay_ms(1);
if(rxrf==1) {
if(i==0) tong=tong+1;
if(i==1 )tong=tong+2;
if(i==2 )tong=tong+4;
if(i==3 )tong=tong+8;

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 if(i==4) tong=tong+16;
if(i==5) tong=tong+32;
if(i==6) tong=tong+64;
if(i==7) tong=tong+128;
}
}
The varible tong content data byte

Algorithm helps decoding a frame (a frame consists of many of byte data)

if(tong=='#')
{luu_buffer=1;vi_tri_buffer=0;do_dai_buffer=0;}
if(tong=='*') luu_buffer=0;
if((luu_buffer==1) && (tong!='#')){
buffer_rf[vi_tri_buffer]=tong;
vi_tri_buffer++;
do_dai_buffer++;
}
else{
if(tong!='#'){
break;
}
}

4.3 Internet connection

Socket

Introduction
Socket interface is a programming application (API-Application Programming
Interface). It introduced the first edition of UNIX - BSD 4.2. as the system function
syntax language C (socket (), bind (), connect (), send (), receive (), read (), write (),
close () ,..). Today, Socket supported in most operating systems such as MS Windows,
Linux and used in many programming languages different as C, C + +, Java, Visual
Basic, Visual C

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 Socket set allows the communication channel that two channels are marked by
two ports (port). Through this process one can receive and send data to the other.

Port number
To be able to make the communication, one process must declare number of
socket you use. Each port can communicate at an address specified in the system.
When the process is assigned a port number, it can receive data sent to this port from
the other. Process the remaining is also required to create a socket.
Besides the port number, the two sides must also communicate the IP address of
each other. IP Address distinction between this computer with other computers on the
network TCP / IP. In the port number used to distinguish the different processes on
the same computer.

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Realization
We designed software to connect Center PC to Remote PC. This software is
written from Visual Basic (VB) and used socket to build a client – server system. VB
provide us a component, which has function as socket, is Winsock (mswinsck.ocx).
After we have setup this program on 2 PC (1 center PC and 1 remote PC), we must
put in program one port number (here is 1221) and IP for each PC. The program on
center PC is designed to send control commands (messages) to remote PC after
connecting successfully. The program on remote PC will receive commands and
transfer it to COM port (RS232). The board connects to remote PC through COM port
will receive and perform these commands. The data from sensor or device will be
transmitted to the board, then is sent to remote PC. Remote PC continues to send this
data to center PC processing.

Yahoo Messenger

Introduction
Yahoo Messenger (YM) is an application connection to exchange data between
two PC through Internet. This is software widely used in Vietnam. Although not an
open source software entirely but Yahoo Server allows you to connect directly with it
to transmit information, the data to a YM any use Port 5050 and the Host Server
(cs101.msg. yahoo.com, scs.msg.yahoo.com ,...) that always guarantee the stability,

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security, and especially the speed of transfers is very high, almost real. So we can
completely write an application based Yahoo Server to create a connection between
PC and controls, control devices remotely.
We use Yahoo server to connect Center PC to Remote PC. Center PC send
commands to Remote PC via Yahoo Messenger. After receiving command of Center
PC, Remote PC (has a program, written by VB, control and manage device directly)
send those commands to board connected to PC and transfer data to Center PC.

Center PC

Yahoo Server

Remote PC

Board

Protocol : 0-sckTCPProtocol
Remote Host : scs.msg.yahoo.com
Remote Port : 5050

Realization
Yahoo Messenger (YM) provides open sources to connect with Yahoo Server
like YSMG versions (8 to 16). When using this program, we can transmit data
between 2 PC easily. We designed a software using open source of YM put in each
PC (center PC and remote PC). This is important code used to connect Yahoo Server:

Private Sub sckMain_Connect()

Dim ByteArray1() As Byte
Dim ByteArray2() As Byte
Dim str As String

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 On Error GoTo ErrorRaised
FunctionMadeError = "sckMain_Connect"
SentPacket.Service(1) = 0
SentPacket.Service(2) = Asc("L") '=&H4C
SentPacket.Status(1) = 0
SentPacket.Status(2) = 0
SentPacket.Status(3) = 0
SentPacket.Status(4) = 0
SentPacket.SessionID(1) = 0
SentPacket.SessionID(2) = 0
SentPacket.SessionID(3) = 0
SentPacket.SessionID(4) = 0
SentPacket.Data = ""
ConvertYmsgType2ByteArray SentPacket, ByteArray1
sckMain.SendData ByteArray1
'----------------------Next---------------
DoEvents 'This line is realy important due to some mswinsock bug!
SentPacket.Service(1) = 0
SentPacket.Service(2) = YAHOO_SERVICE_AUTH
SentPacket.Status(1) = 0
SentPacket.Status(2) = 0
SentPacket.Status(3) = 0
SentPacket.Status(4) = YAHOO_STATUS_AVAILABLE
SentPacket.SessionID(1) = 0
SentPacket.SessionID(2) = 0
SentPacket.SessionID(3) = 0
SentPacket.SessionID(4) = 0
SentPacket.Data = "1" + Separator + txtUser.Text + Separator
ConvertYmsgType2ByteArray SentPacket, ByteArray2
sckMain.SendData ByteArray2
Exit Sub
ErrorRaised:
ErrorHandler
End Sub

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 However, this software not only be used to send/ receive data, but it is also
improved to process command and connect to the board. The synchronous speed is
115200 bps. In addition, we only setup this program on remote PC, then we can use
Yahoo Messenger program on some PC to connect to remote PC and send device
control command. To do that, we open a chat window from YM and send a message
which contains standard control commands (ex: D01: ON#, Reload#...) to Yahoo id
signed in to program put in remote PC.

Website

We can use website from some PC everywhere to control devices connected

with remote fix PC. To realize this idea, we designed a website which is written by
PHP language. In addition, PHP language provides us a function to connect PC to
Board though RS232. So we can send control commands directly from website to
board. This is important code to connect to board.

<?php
include "php_serial.class.php";
// Let's start the class
$serial = new phpSerial;
// First we must specify the device. This works on both linux and windows (if
$serial->deviceSet("COM1");
// Then we need to open it
$serial->deviceOpen();
// To write into
//$serial->sendMessage("Hello Mr Chick!");
// Or to read from
$read = $serial->readPort();
?>
All of PHP files is put on remote PC which is responsible as Server. Then we
can use browser (ex: firebox, internet explorer,…) from some PC (as client) to use
interface of website to control remote devices. So we can control and collect remote
data easily and use this data every time, everywhere.

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V. RESULT & DISCUSS

5.1 Some image of Data management and processing program

Figure 5 Management software system

25
 Figure 6 Management with Yahoo

Figure 7 Data collection and control devices through the Yahoo

26
Figure 8 Management with SMS
.

Figure 9 Collect data by SMS

27
Figure 10 Some functions of the software

Figure 11 Observed data as graphs

28
 Figure 12 Installation parameters for software

5.2 Some image of website for Control and monitor devices

Figure 13 Log in using the web interface

29
 Figure 14 Control equipment

Figure 15 Monitoring of environmental parameters

5.3 Some images of prototype board

30
Figure 16 The board connections and mobile devices

Figure 17 Terminal Board 1

31
 Figure 18 Terminal Board 2

Figure 19 Center Board

5.4 Some images of debugging software

32
Figure 20 Control interface FBUS connection

Figure 21 Control interface COM connection

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REFERENCE

[1] RAHUL P. et al (2007). A Novel Approach to Remote Sensing and Control. The
6th WSEAS Int. Conf. on Electronics, Hardware and Optical communication, Corfu
Island, Greece
[2] Sony Ericsson. (2003). AT Commands Online Reference T68, T68i, T300, T310,
T610, Z600, T230, T238, T226, T630

Website :
http://www.embedtronics.com/nokia/fbus.html
http://www.edaboard.com/ftopic264676.html
http://discussion.forum.nokia.com/forum/showthread.php?t=72056
http://www.8051projects.net/microcontroller-tutorials/
http://www.panuworld.net/nuukiaworld/hardware/cables/fbus.htm
http://www.picvietnam.com/forum/showthread.php?t=2234
http://www.serasidis.gr/circuits/smscontrol/smscontroller.htm
http://www.developershome.com/sms/
http://www.edaboard.com/ftopic70001.html
http://www.activexperts.com/xmstoolkit/atcommands/dtmf/
http://www.edaboard.com/topic293431.html

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Table of content
Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 2
I .Circuit block and model connection ................................................................................ 2
1.1 Main circuit block diagram........................................................................................ 2
1.2 The most simple connection model ........................................................................... 3
1.3 The model connection with extended circuit using transmitter and receiver
RF modules or RS232 ...................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Model connection for collecting data from remote sensor using internet ................. 6
1.5 Replaced model for remote region while don’t have internet, but covered by
mobile network ................................................................................................................ 6
II. Algorithms for programming microcontroller in the board (center board and
extension board).................................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Center Board .............................................................................................................. 7
2.2 Extended circuit for main circuit ............................................................................... 8
III. Protocols for connecting cell phone to PC or microcontroller ..................................... 8
3.1 AT command ............................................................................................................. 9
3.2 FBUS protocol ......................................................................................................... 10
IV. Details of the links in the system................................................................................ 11
4.1 UART connection .................................................................................................... 11
4.2 RF connectton ......................................................................................................... 14
4.3 Internet connection................................................................................................... 19
V. RESULT & DISCUSS ................................................................................................ 25
5.1 Some image of Data management and processing program .................................... 25
5.2 Some image of website for Control and monitor devices........................................ 29
5.3 Some images of prototype board ............................................................................. 30
5.4 Some images of debugging software ...................................................................... 32
REFERENCE.................................................................................................................... 34

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