Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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1st May 2000
1 INTRODUCTION page 4
2 BACKGROUND 4
3 SCOPE 6
4 OBJECTIVES 6
5 HYDRANT VALVE DESIGN 7
6 HYDRANT INSTALLATION DESIGN 8
7 HYDRANT INSTALLATION CONSTRUCTION 12
8 HYDRANT LOCATION MARKING 13
• Sealed carriageway with kerb and gutter 15
• Sealed carriageway without kerb and gutter 16
• Narrow sealed carriageway 17
• Unsealed carriageway 18
9 HYDRANT COMMISSIONING 19
10 HYDRANT MAINTENANCE 20
11 HYDRANT REPLACEMENT 21
12 ISOLATING VALVE MARKING COLOURS 22
13 MILLCOCK THREADS 23
14 LIST OF AMENDMENTS 25
th
15 ADDENDUM 1 - Issued 4 August 1999 27
16 APPENDIX 1 - General Manager mail-out list 28
17 APPENDIX 2 - Contact mail-out list 30
18 APPENDIX 3 - Drawings 32
19 APPENDIX 4 - Additional contacts 36
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.2. Recent serious bush fires in NSW, Victoria, and Tasmania have resulted
in interstate assistance being provided to fight those fires, and have
highlighted the need to provide assistance to fire fighting personnel by
having standard marking and equipment regimes which can be easily
located, recognised, and be compatible with all types of equipment.
1.3. The Guidelines were written with an aim to assist in creating uniformity
of approach in public fire fighting systems in highway reservations.
The basic objective is to assist in the rapid deployment and
effectiveness of fire protection equipment to fight fires either in
buildings or in the bush.
2. BACKGROUND
2.3. The Launceston City Council also formally requested the Local
Government Association of Tasmania to consider the question of
uniform hydrant marking and arranged a meeting of all Council
engineers to consider this issue. The engineers at the meeting, held 10
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2.4. The statutory requirements in Tasmania and nationally did not have any
provisions on marking colour, but the Waterworks Clauses Act clearly
required that a notice in some conspicuous place.....showing its
situation (the hydrant that is). The BCA and Tasmanian Plumbing Code
focused on protection of buildings by performance and required that A
hydrant system must be provided to the degree necessary to facilitate
the needs of the fire brigade.
2.5. The Water Services Association of Australia and the Australian Water
& Wastewater Association are also involved in the development of
water industry national standards, but at the time of writing neither
organisation had any provisions in relation to fire hydrants.
2.6. The most detailed reference was found to be the Victorian Fire Services
Guidelines, published in November 1997. The Victorian Fire Services
published a document titled Guidelines for the provision and
identification of street hydrants for fire fighting purposes. The
document is under consideration by an Australia-wide group, including
representation from the Tasmania Fire Service, in relation to the
production of a nationwide standard.
2.8. The IMEA Tasmania are involved in producing a statewide standard for
civil engineering works in local government. The IMEA Specification
requirements were restricted to the provision that posts be painted
white with red letters.
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3. SCOPE
3.1. The scope of the Guidelines covers public water authority hydrant
installations for fire fighting purposes within the highway reservation.
The Guidelines do not include provisions for hydrants installed for
watermain flushing, drainage, or air release purposes. Those particular
hydrants need not comply with these guidelines unless required for dual
purposes including fire protection.
4. OBJECTIVES
4.1. The provisions adopted in these Guidelines are based on the following
objectives:-
4.1.1. Objective 1
Councils to own public hydrant systems that firefighters from
anywhere in Australia could recognise by its markings, be able to
locate the hydrant at night or in the day or traveling either
direction along the road, and be able to operate the hydrant with
their outfitted trucks in order to facilitate rapid deployment of
equipment.
4.1.2. Objective 2
Councils to own public hydrant systems that are effective and
appropriate for the particular assets being protected, and have
three distinct requirements for:-
Sealed carriageways with kerb & gutter in residential,
commercial, & CBD areas
• Sealed carriageways without kerb & gutter
• Narrow sealed carriageway centreline mark
• Unsealed carriageways
4.1.3. Objective 3
That Councils and water authorities comply with the colour
marking provisions stipulated in these Guidelines for all existing
hydrants installations progressively over a two year period, and
immediately for new hydrant installations. It is not intended that
existing ball hydrants be replaced until they have reached the end
of their serviceable life.
4.1.4. Objective 4
To coordinate other water supply system marking colours within
the highway reservation.
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• Ball
• In-ground
• Pillar
• ‘L’
5.4. The pillar type is not popular in Australia. The ‘L’ type is popular in
private property installations (it is a ball valve and stand pipe with a
tapered steel cover which can have two outlets above ground, is
suitable for direct screwed hose connection, and has been
recommended in Victoria along with the ball type). Based on operator
experience the ‘L’ type, where used in public highways, has been found
to be subject to vehicle damage.
5.5. The hydrant valve type used shall be the mushroom sealing
and spring force closer style and the arrangement shall be
in-ground. A dust cover shall be installed over the seal.
Reason:-
To ensure superior hydraulic performance and longer term trouble-free
operation.
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6.1. Hydrants are either installed in-line on a watermain, or they are installed
off-set from the watermain. In either case a stagnant quantity of water
results, although in-line a much less quantity, and there becomes a
consequent health consideration due to growth of micro-organisms in
stagnant conditions.
6.2. The position on a water main shall be in-line rather than off-
set unless there are extenuating circumstances.
Reason:-
To minimize the additional health risk associated with stagnant water.
6.3. Provisions for the layout of services in a highway, including the water
main, is contained in other documents. In Tasmania it is the Public
Utility Advisory Committee publication titled Tasmanian Utilities
Public Advisory Manual. In Victoria it would be the Water Industry
Technical Standards publication Technical Standards Manual - Water
Supply which is currently being used as a major reference for the Water
Services Associations of Australia standards publications in this area.
6.4.2. The distance from the hydrant to the farthest building is required
to be such that the hydraulic performance of the installation is
sufficient to supply the length of hosing attached.
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Reason:-
To provide adequate coverage by ensuring hose lengths will be adequate,
and minimise the risk of injury to firefighters due to heat.
Spacing of hydrants
Reason:-
To ensure adequate external coverage of all buildings.
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6.8. A hydrant installation is made up of a tee, riser pipe, tapping block (in
some cases), hydrant valve, and cover. The size of hydrant valve,
block, and riser often installed in the past was 65mm (2 1/2”) nominal
diameter which has now been found generally inadequate for modern
fire fighting. Public water authority hydrants are recommended to be
100mm nominal diameter valve, block, and riser throat diameter (DN100).
Reason:-
To maximise the hydraulic effectiveness of the hydrant installation.
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6.13. In complex network fringe areas of low water pressure capacity in peak
summer demand, a computer network analysis often needs to be carried
out coupled with local hydrant testing programs.
Reason:-
To ensure the hydrant installation has adequate fire fighting capability and
complies with the requirements of AS 2419.
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7.1. The hydrant installation construction includes a hinged cast iron cover
suitably supported to carry the imposed load. In a highway the lid must
be capable of carrying safely the design wheel loads. A concrete
surround is included. The construction arrangement should be as
shown on the relevant drawing and specification.
Reason:-
To ensure the installation has adequate strength for highway wheel loads
and will provide long term, trouble free operation.
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8.4. The WITS drawing WAS-052 specifies 25mm offset from centre line.
The Victorian Fire Service document specifies that the pavement marker
is placed 250mm offset from the centre line on the side of the hydrant.
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8.9. In residential areas there are more black and yellow house numbers
being painted on kerbs. The colour regime for those would need to be
changed to allow for yellow hydrant markings. Marking of hydrants in
unsealed rural roads also require attention to allow for grading and
resurfacing.
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Reason:-
To ensure that firefighters can locate the hydrant quickly by utilizing a
colour that is distinctive.
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Reason:-
To ensure that firefighters can locate the hydrant quickly by utilizing a
colour that is distinctive.
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The kerb face and top shall be painted to AS 2700 Y14 Golden
Yellow. As shown on the drawing number S-1998-05 in appendix
3.
Reason:-
To ensure that firefighters can locate the hydrant quickly by utilizing a
colour that is distinctive.
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Reason:-
To ensure that firefighters can locate the hydrant quickly by utilizing a
colour that is distinctive.
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9. HYDRANT COMMISSIONING
9.1. New hydrant installation shall be tested for flow and residual pressure
following completion of the installation and a certificate be submitted to
the water authority and Tasmania Fire Service. The commissioning shall
comply with SAA HB93 - 1997.
Reason:-
To ensure that hydrant installation will perform to the requirements of the
relevant Australian Standard.
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Reason:-
To ensure that hydrant installations are maintained in good working order.
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11.1. Hydrants in ductile and cast iron pipe work can last for about 80 years.
A replacement program of DN65 hydrants ought to be established
whereby defective and undersized hydrants are replaced. Hydrants in
unlined cast iron off-set pipes or in the second instance in-line pipes,
ought to be programmed for replacement.
Reason:-
To ensure that hydrant installations are found in good working order when
required by fire fighters.
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12.2. There are some reservations about the colour green as being
distinctiveness in a public highway where green is obviously the
general vegetation colour. Blue is used by some larger Councils in
Tasmania and has been found to be distinctive. Blue is, however,
reserved for compressed air in the Australian Standard. It is considered
that the colour for isolating valve marking in water supply works be
blue.
12.3. Shut isolating valves ought to be set apart from blue coloured valves for
safety reasons, particularly where two zones with markedly different
pressures are isolated. It is considered that the concrete surround and
the cover box painted white to differentiate the two.
Reason:-
To ensure that the colour regime in public water supply works be
standardised.
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13.1. Millcock threads vary from State to State from 3 threads per inch to 5 in
some places with various radii and pitch requirements. British Standard
Pipe is used in some cases whereas in other places other styles are
used.
13.2. Most fire tenders carry standpipes and hoses with matching thread,
however a problem can arise where mixing of hoses or standpipes occur.
Reason:-
To ensure that there would be no delay in fire fighting as a result of hydrant
valve thread type.
_________________________________________________________________
_____
end
For further information contact the Author
Telephone 03 62 382841
Email - kley wegte@mailnet.hcc.tas.gov.au
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Acknowledgements
The IMEA Tasmania Division Acknowledges the support of the Hobart City Council. The author of the
Guidelines, Mr Ed Kleywegt, is a member of the Institute of Municipal Engineers Australia. Mr Kleywegt is
Manager Hydraulic Engineering at the Hobart City Council. The author acknowledges the assistance of water
supply system operators of 30 years experience Mr Ken Hunt and Mr Carl Hathaway at Hobart City Council,
Manager, Mr Rex Garner and staff of the Derwent Foundry, Hobart, staff of Australian Standards, Mr Leyon
Parker, President of the IMEA Tasmania Branch, the Executive of the IMEA, and the Engineers in the Councils
of Tasmania.
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3. Page 12 Section 8 -
Section 8.3 now reads -
The Water Industry Technical Standard drawing WAS-052 specifies two-way
reflective marker ‘Stimsonite pavement marker’, model No 88AB, colour - blue
fixed to the road using ‘Megapoxy’ 2 part mix, bitumen pad or equivalent. This
particular marker, or its equivalent, would be deemed to comply. Australian
Standard AS 1906 covers material requirements and quality issues.
9. Page 12 Section 8 - Hydrant Location Marking
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7. Page 16 Section 8 - Narrow sealed carriageways with K & G and without centre
line markings.
A post coloured to AS 2700 Y14 Golden Yellow with a blue reflective marker at the
top on both sides of the post, be installed adjacent to the carriageway at a safe
setback (2400mm minimum) in the highway reservation on the same side of the road
as the hydrant. As shown on the drawing number S-1998-05 in appendix 3.
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It has been noted that under section 12 - Isolating Valve Marking Colours, no
specific reference has been made to the type of blue to be used in the painting
of covers and surrounds. In order to maintain a consistent standard the
following is to be adopted.
Reports have also been received regarding the shut-valve identification. It was
considered that the black ‘X’ with become obscured due to tyre marks and be
difficult to find, particularly during night call-outs. A different colour has been
suggested for shut valves - ‘white’.
Isolating valve cover boxes and surround in public water supply works be
coloured blue to AS2700 B41 ‘Blue Bell’. Shut isolating valve cover
boxes and concrete surround be painted’ white.
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DRAWING 1
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DRAWING 2
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DRAWING 3
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DRAWING 4
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